Word Formation Processes in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang
A Final Project
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For S-1 Degree in Linguistics Studies
In English Department, Faculty of Humanities
Diponegoro University
Submitted by:
Ilham Ryan
13020114130065
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO
2017
PRONOUNCEMENT
The writer states honestly that this project entitled, “Word Formation Process in
Mobile Legends: Bang Bang“ is compiled by himself without taking any results
from other research in any university, whether from S-1, S-2, S-3, and diploma
degree. In addition, the writer also ascertains that he does not take any material from
other publications or someone else’s work except for the references that are
mentioned.
Semarang, 22nd July 2018
Ilham Ryan
ii
WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN MOBILE LEGENDS: BANG BANG
Written by
Ilham Ryan
NIM: 13020114130065
is approved by the project advisor
On July, 2018
Project Advisor
Dra. Wiwiek Sundari, M.Hum.
NIP. 195906071990032001
The Head of the English Department
Dr. Agus Subiyanto, M.A
NIP. 19640814 199001 1 001
iii
VALIDATION
Approved by
Strata 1 Project Examination Committee
Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University
On August 2018
Chair Person First Member
Dr. Nurhayati, M. Hum Ayu Ida Savitri, S.S, M.Hum
196610041990012001 197908222008012013
Second Member Third Member
Dwi Wulandari S.S, MA Dra. Cut Aja Puan Ellisafny, M.Ed
197610042001122001 197610042001122001
iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“It’s the job that’s never started as takes longest to finish.”
-J.R.R Tolkien, The Lord of The Rings
This final project is dedicated
to my beloved papa and mama.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The writer’s deepest gratitude goes to Allah SWT and the whole universe
who always give me strength and spirit to complete this final project entitled, “Word
Formation Process In Mobile Legends: Bang Bang”. I would like to thank all of the
people who had helped and supported me to accomplish this project. My sincere
gratitude especially goes to:
1. Dr. Redyanto M. Noor, M.Hum., the Dean of Faculty of Humanities,
Diponegoro University;
2. Dr. Agus Subiyanto, M.A., the Head of English Department, Faculty of
Humanities, Diponegoro University;
3. Dra. Wiwiek Sundari, M.Hum., my project advisor, thank you so much for
your patience and knowledge;
4. All of the lecturers and students in English Department, especially for
Linguistic Studies major, for their dedication in sharing knowledges and
experiences;
5. My beloved parents, Hardjanto and Nur Widayati, and my beloved little
brother Muhammad Hafiizh, thank you for your endless love, prayer,
support and motivation;
6. My English Department friends and Gourbachev Family thank you for
being very supportive and cooperative in my college life;
7. XM-3 family, thank you for being my second home;
8. My brother from another mother, Taufik Wibowo, thank you for your advice
and guidance on living in the college life;
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9. Man of Mayhem, taichan05, ez_rq, CoachRD, beezee tapir, smilegenerator
and makdikipe, thank you for accompanying my sleepless night, through
the up and down, from the dusk till dawn, thank you for all the missing stars
and incredible battle;
10. My Linguistics Major friends, though I’ve felt betrayed, underestimated,
and abandoned by some of them, I am still able to finish this project as a
part of Linguistic student; and
11. Nur Utami Handayani, thank you for your patience and support so I am able
to reach this point.
I realize that this project is still far from perfect. Therefore, I will be glad to
receive any constructive criticism and suggestion to make this project better. I
expect that this project will be useful for the readers.
Semarang, 23rd July 2018
Ilham Ryan
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE .................................................................................................................. i
PRONOUNCEMENT ........................................................................................ ii
APPROVAL ......................................................................................................iii
VALIDATION .................................................................................................. iv
MOTTO AND DEDICATION .......................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................viii
LIST OF PICTURES ........................................................................................ ix
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... x
1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1
2. Theoretical Framework ................................................................................. 2
2.1. Word Formation Process ........................................................................ 2
3. Research Method........................................................................................... 4
4. Discussion ..................................................................................................... 5
4.1.Word Formation Process In Mobile Legends Game ............................... 5
4.1.1. Acronym and Initialism................................................................. 6
4.1.2. Back-Formation and Clipping ....................................................... 7
4.1.3. Blending and Compounding ....................................................... 10
4.1.4. Borrowing ................................................................................... 11
4.1.5. Conversion .................................................................................. 13
5. Conclusion..................................................................................................... 14
References ......................................................................................................... 15
viii
LIST OF PICTURES
Picture page
1. Word formation diagram .........................................................................5
2. S.A.B.E.R Illustration .............................................................................6
3. MVP Illustration...................................................................................... 7
4. Regen Illustration ................................................................................... 8
5. Experience Illustration ........................................................................... 9
6. Critical Hit ............................................................................................ 10
7. Ghatotkacha in Mahabharata .............................................................. 11
8. Gatotkaca in Mobile Legends ............................................................... 12
9. Chieftain of Mactan Island ................................................................... 12
10. Lapu-Lapu in Mobile Legends .............................................................. 13
11. Retribution Illustration ......................................................................... 13
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ABSTRACT
Mobile Legends: Bang Bang is a Multiplayer Online Battle Arena
(MOBA) game developed and published by Moonton. The language used in this
game is English. However, the English used in this game has a different meaning
from it’s literal meaning. The aims of this research are to provide general overview
of word formation process in Mobile Legends: Bang Bang and to reveal the reason
behind it’s use. The writer uses note taking technique to collect the data, and
descriptive qualitative method to present the data. The result shows that the word
formation processes used in this game are clipping, compounding, initialism,
acronym, borrowing, back-formation, conversion, and blending. The writer also
reveals that the game developer of Mobile Legends: Bang Bang uses word
formation process to maintain the balance between texts and pictures in the game
display.
Keywords; Morphology, word formation, online games, mobile legends
ABSTRAK
Mobile Legends: Bang Bang adalah sebuah game Multiplayer Online Battle
Arena (MOBA) yang dikembangkan dan diterbitkan oleh Moonton. Bahasa yang
digunakan dalam game ini adalah bahasa Inggris. Namun, bahasa Inggris yang
digunakan dalam game ini memiliki arti yang berbeda dari makna harfiahnya.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran umum tentang
proses pembentukan kata dalam Mobile Legends: Bang Bang dan untuk
mengungkapkan alasan di balik penggunaannya. Penulis menggunakan teknik
pencatatan untuk mengumpulkan data, dan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk
menyajikan data. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa proses pembentukan kata yang
digunakan dalam game ini adalah clipping, compounding, initialism, acronym,
borrowing, back-formation, conversion, and blending. Penulis juga
mengungkapkan bahwa pengembang game Mobile Legend: Bang Bang
menggunakan proses pembentukan kata untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara teks
dan gambar dalam tampilan permainan.
Kata kunci; Morfologi, pembentukan kata, permainan daring, mobile legends
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1. Introduction
Mobile Legends or Mobile Legends: Bang Bang is a Multiplayer Online
Battle Arena ( MOBA ) game designed for mobile phone. This game is an online
role-playing video game that played by a very large number of people. Since the
player come from various countries, English is the language used in this game.
However, the English language used in this game has a different meaning from it’s
literal meaning, even when compared to other similar MOBA game.
Apart from the language aspect, Mobile Legends game also have a unique
gameplay since MOBA games are generally played in a larger form of console such
as PC (Personal Desktop), Xbox 360, Playstation, or laptop. The gameplay of
Mobile Legends game is simpler and easier to understand when compared to other
MOBA games that played in a larger console. In matters of communication, Mobile
Legends game developer provides voice chat feature that would ease the player to
communicate. However, this feature requires a high speed internet connection.
Therefore, Mobile Legends game players are mostly prefer written communication
rather than spoken one. The problem is, it is very hard and inefficient for the player
to type a sentence in an ongoing match. Thus, Mobile Legends game developer
provides quick chat feature although some players still use sentences to convey
more complex intentions.
The communication of the player in Mobile Legends game is strongly
influenced by the game text menu both written and spoken, because there are a lot
of new word formed in there. Mobile Legends game players are sometimes do not
understand the true meaning of the new word in the game text menu, since it has a
different meaning from it’s literal meaning. Hence, the writer is interested to
conduct a research related to the word formation process on Mobile Legends. The
aims of this research are to provide general overview of word formation process in
Mobile Legends: Bang Bang and to reveal the reason behind it’s use.
There are two previous studies related to this study. The first is “A Study of
Word-Formation Process in Jargons Used on Chatting in DotA” by Setiawan in
2015. Setiawan, an English Department student of Brawijaya University, used
qualitative approach on his study. By actively participating in several matches to
collect the data, he found seven word formation processes; acronym. Clipping,
coinage, blending, borrowing, multiple processes, and conversion.
The second study is entitled “Word Formation on Kaskus” by Florencia in
2016. Florencia, an English Department student of Diponegoro University. She
reveals initialization, compounding, borrowing, and reduplication are the most used
word formation process on Kaskus.
2. Theoretical Framework
According to Yule (2014:26-27), word formation strategies are classified into
acronym, back-formation, blending, borrowing, clipping, coinage, compounding,
conversion, initialism.
2.1 Word Formation Process
1. Acronym and Initialism
Acronym is a word formation process that happened by using the first
letter of words to create a new word. Acronym is quite similar to
Initialism. The difference is the word formed through acronym process
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is pronounced as a word. For example, SCUBA stands for Self-
Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (Lieber, 2009:53).
Initialism is a word formation process composed from the first letter of
a word which is quite similar as acronym process. The difference
between initialism and acronym is the word formed through initialism
process pronounced as a series of a letter. For example UK for ‘United
Kingdom’ (Lieber, 2009:53).
2. Back-Formation and Clipping
Back-formation is a process of reducing a word to form a new word .
Usually, the reducing process forms a new word. For example,
burglar(n) reduced to burg(v) (Yule, 2014:26). Clipping is the process
of creating a new word by shortening the word that already exists. For
example, info which mean information (Lieber, 2009:53).
3. Blending and Compounding
Delahunty and Garvey mentioned in their book that blending involves
taking two or more words. The two modified words are combined
together to create a new word that form and meaning are taken from
each word taken. For example, brunch taken from breakfast + lunch,
and webinar which is world wide web seminar (Delahunty, 2010:137).
As it is mentioned by Lieber (2009:43) compounding is a word
formation process by composing two or more composed roots, stems, or
bases such as white house and greenhouse.
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4. Borrowing
Borrowing is a process that borrows a word from another language . For
instance, taco and burrito are borrowed term from Mexican cuisine .
(Delahunty, 2010:137).
5. Coinage
Coinage is the creation or invention of totally new terms. Without
employing any other word or word parts that already exist . Coinage
words are mostly originated from invented trade names (Lieber,
2009:51). Coinage is from the word to coin (verb) that means to create.
It is the creation or invention of totally new terms. For example Google
and Kleenex.
6. Conversion
Conversion is a process of shifting the category or part of speech of an
already existing word without adding an affix. For example. Fish (n)
turn into to fish (v) (Lieber, 2009:49).
3. Research Method
This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data that are analyzed
in this research are 100 words from Mobile Legends game text menu. The
population of this study are all words from the game text menu in Mobile Legends
game. Meanwhile, the sample of this study are the words containing word formation
process from Mobile Legends game text menu which is selected by applying
purposive random sampling technique.
To collect the data, the writer uses observation method which is a method
of collecting data by analyzing an object systematically. The selected data are ones
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which are indicated using word formation process. In addition, the writer uses note
taking technique from Sudaryanto (1993:33).
The data are collected in two steps. First, the data were collected from
Mobile Legends game text menu. The writer uses note taking technique to take note
of the words that indicated using word formation process. Next, the writer analyze
the data by using word formation process theory and classify the data based on it’s
word formation process.
4. Discussion
4.1. Word Formation Process In Mobile Legends Game
In this research, the writer found 80 words taken as data source from Mobile
Legends game menu that will be discussed in this section. From the word formation
diagram below we can see the following details of word formation processes found
are 25% initialism process, 22,73% clipping process, 18,18% compounding
process, 15% conversion process, 13,64% borrowing process, 3,41% back-
formation process, 1,14% acronym process, and 1,14% blending process.
1,14% 1,14%
3,41%
13,64%
25%
15%
22,73%
18,18%
Initialism Clipping Compounding Conversion Borrowing
Back-Formatio Acronym Blending
Word Formation Diagram
More specific explanation related to the word formation process found in
Mobile Legends game will be discussed in the next section.
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4.1.1. Acronym and Initialism
Acronym and initialism is the process of creating a word by using the initial
letter of a word to create new word. The difference between acronym and initialism
process is the word formed through acronym process pronounced as a word while
the word formed through initialism process is pronounced as a series of letter.
Acronym SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus)
Initialism UK (United Kingdom)
The acronym process found in Mobile Legends game is ‘S.A.B.E.R’ which
stands for Savior, Automata, Breacher, Exploder, Regulator. S.A.B.E.R in Mobile
Legends game is a squad name that consists of 5 characters.
S.A.B.E.R Illustration
Meanwhile, the initialism process found in Mobile Legends game is MVP
and KDA. In Mobile Legends, MVP stands for Most Valuable Player. This term is
generally used to describes the best player in a game or sport.
Most (Adverb) + Valuable(Adjective) + Player (Noun)
In games or sports match, Most Valuable Player can be equally interpreted
to Man of The Match or Best Player. All of these commendation has the same
meaning which is best player. However in order to obtain this commendation there
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are several criteria that must be met. In sports usually the player who scores the
most goals or points is more likely obtain this commendation. But in Mobile
Legends game the player with best total score of kill, death, and assist is the one
who gets the Most Valuable Player commendation. The term used in Mobile
Legends game to sum up the total score is KDA. KDA stands for Kill Death Assist,
this word is also formed through initialism process.
MVP Illustration
The yellow mark on the picture above is the illustration of MVP
commendation of a player who has 9 kills, 1 death, and 11 assists.
4.1.2 Back-Formation and Clippimg
Back-formation is the process of creating a word by removing the supposed
or actual affixes while clipping is the process of creating new word by shortening
the word that already exists without changing the meaning. The difference between
back-formation and clipping is clipping shortens a word without changing it’s
meaning, while back-formation is a shortened word that changes form and meaning,
usually from noun to verb.
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Back-formations are simply shortened words created from longer words.
Therefore, it is considered as a sub-type of clipping. The example of back-formation
process in Mobile Legends game is regen which mean regeneration. The literal
meaning of regeneration is an action or progress of regenerating or being
regenerated (noun). In Mobile Legends game regen is back-formation form of
regeneration which mean an ability to heal a number of health and mana point over
time (verb).
Regeneration (noun) Regen (verb)
Regen Illustration
The examples of clipping process in this research are exp and crit. In Mobile
Legends game, exp means experience. Experience has a literal meaning; it is
something that we do or happens to us, especially something important that affects
us. Meanwhile in Mobile Legends game, experience means a number of points
needed by a player to level up, besides this number of points can only be obtained
from a match.
Experience experience = exp
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Experience Illustration
The purple bar in the picture above is the experience bar, while the ‘+94’
written in the picture is the amount of experience obtained by the player. This
display is appears after a player finished a match.
Another example of clipping process in Mobile Legends game is crit. Crit
means critical. Literally critical means a situation or problem that have the potential
to become disastrous.
The floodwaters had not receded and the situation was still critical.
Another literal meaning of critical is expressing adverse or disapproving
comments or judgements.
I was very critical of the previous regime.
In Mobile Legends game, critical has only one meaning; a successful attack
that deals more damage than the normal hit. Critical hit is indicated by red numbers
that appear when hitting an enemy while there is no numbers appear in normal hit.
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Critical Hit
The red number of 4932 on the picture above is the sign of critical hit.
4.1.3. Blending and Compounding
Both of blending and compounding process are using two or more words
joined together to create new word. Blending is a process that merge a part of a
word with a part of another word, while compounding process joined two complete
words together.
Blending = Television (noun) + broadcast (verb) = Telecast (verb)
Compounding = Book (noun) + Case (noun) = Bookcase (noun)
The example of blending process in Mobile Legends game is Esport. Esport
is formed by combining ‘electronic’ (Adjective) and ‘sport’ (noun). ‘Esport’ is a
term to explain a form of competition using video games (electronic sport).
Electronic (Adjective) + Sport (Noun) = Esport
The next process is compounding. The example of compounding process in
Mobile Legends game is starlight. This word is formed by joining star and light
word together to make a new word.
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Star (Noun) + Light (Noun) = Starlight (Noun)
The meaning of starlight word in Mobile Legends game is not the same as
it’s literal meaning. Starlight word in Mobile Legends game can be interpreted as
VIP (Very Important Person). Starlight word is used in phrase ‘starlight member’
that means a special user who pays monthly for some kind of privileges granted by
the game itself.
Starlight (Noun) Starlight (Adjective)
Starlight (Adjective) + Member (Noun) = Starlight member
4.1.4. Borrowing
Borrowing is a process that borrows a word from another language
(Delahunty, 2010:137). The examples of borrowing process in Mobile Legends are
Gatotkaca and Lapu-Lapu.
Gatotkaca is a name of Mobile Legends game character. Gatotkaca word
is actually borrowed from Sanskrit language. In Mobile Legends game Gatotkaca’s
appearance is mimicking Ghatotkacha’s, a character from Mahabharata, a Sanskrit
epic of India.
Ghatotkacha in Mahabharata
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Gatotkaca in Mobile Legend
Another example of borrowing process in Mobile Legends game is Lapu-
Lapu. Lapu-Lapu is actually a chief name of Mactan island in Philippines while in
Mobile Legends game Lapu-Lapu is a game character. Lapu-Lapu in Mobile
Legends has a lot of similarity to the chieftain of Mactan Island.
Chieftain of Mactan Island
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Lapu-Lapu in Mobile Legends
4.1.5. Conversion
Conversion process also happens in Mobile Legends game. This
process can be found in the battle spell menu. The example of conversion
process is retribution. Retribution (noun) means the dispensing or receiving
reward or punishment especially in the hereafter (Merriam Webster
Dictionary). While in Cambridge dictionary retribution means “deserved
and severe punishment’’ ( for example; the killer acted without fear of
retribution ).
In Mobile Legends game retribution word is formed through
conversion process. Retribution in this game is an ability to inflict damage
to nearby jungle monsters or minions.
Retribution (Noun) Retribution (Verb)
Retribution Illustration
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5. Conclusion
The writer has already stated some example of words that represent each
word formation process in Mobile Legends game. There are 8 word formation
process in Mobile Legends game.
The following details of word formation processes found by the writer are
25% initialism process, 22,73% clipping process, 18,18% compounding process,
15% conversion process, 13,64% borrowing process, 3,41% back-formation
process, 1,14% acronym process, and 1,14% blending process
The most frequent word formation processes used are clipping, initialism
and compounding. The writer concludes that Mobile Legends game creator uses
these word formation processes to save some space in the game display. The game
creator uses several loan words as a character name with the intention of making
this game as a universal game since this game is played by people around the globe.
The game creator is trying to maintain the balance between the display picture and
the text menu of Mobile Legends game since this game is played in mobile device.
The game creator assumes by using clipping, initialism and compounding process
the player will easily understand the actual meaning of a word even it is a totally
new term. Mobile Legends game also provides supporting picture to ease the player
in understanding the meaning of a term.
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References
Delahunty, Gerald and James Garvey (2010). The English Language From Sound
to Sense. Colorado: The WAC Clearinghouse.
Florencia, Shalliny (2016). Word Formation on Kaskus. Unpublished Thesis,
Diponegoro University, Semarang.
Lieber, Rochelle (2009). Introducing Morphology. New York: Cambridge
University Presss.
Setiawan, Fauzy (2015). A Study of Word-Formation Process in Jargons Used on
Chatting in DOTA. Unpublished Thesis, Brawijaya University, Malang.
Sudaryanto (1993). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta
Wacana University Press.
Yule, George (2014). The Study of Language 5th Edition Study Guide. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
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