PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONS 8.

PAYNE ALDRICH ACT – partial free foreign

BIAK NA BATO – pact, thought of 1st Republic. trade
- Spainards paid P200 000 
1. MALOLOS CONSTITUTION – Apolinario Mabini MISSIONARIES AND EXPEDITIONS
- rights of soldiers 1. AUGUSTINIAN – most intelligent
- no Visayas yet in right of territories 2. FRANCISCAN – sends medical aids
3. JESUITS
2. 1935 CONSTITUTION – adapted from American
4. DOMINICANS – richest
Const.
5. RECOLECTS – most killed schools
3. 1943 CONSITUTION - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.  MARTYR PRIESTS
4. 1937 CONSTITUTION – Ferdinand Marcos 1. BURGOS – youngest, mastermind of
- Martial Law – 60days max secularization
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & 2. GOMEZ – Oldest, likes “sabong” and hid
Saba there
5. 1987 CONSTITUTION - 18 articles
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2,  HOMO HABILIS – man of steel (bighead,
1987) uses muscle)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals HOMO ERECTUS – man who discovered
JUS SANGUINI – blood JUS SOLI – place fire & clothes
HOMO SAPIENS – thinking man (can
SOME TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS produce materials)
1. COMMUNIST – classless society
- State plans and controls economy
2. PARLIAMENTARY – majority of people voted GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
3. REPUBLICAN – power comes from people 1. VACUUM TUBES (1940-1956)
2. TRANSISTORS (1956-1963)
AIMS OF ERAS 3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964-1971)
 PRE-SPANISH – survival and conformity 4. MICROPROCESSORS (1971-present)
 SPANISH – Christianity 5. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (present-future)
 AMERICAN – democratic ideals and way of
life MISTAKEN GOALS
 COMMONWEALTH – moral character, 1. ATTENTION SEEKER – “teacher, notice me”
efficiency 2. REVENGE – “teacher, I am hurt”
 JAPANESE – progress 3. POWER-SEEKING – “teacher, may I help?”
ACTS 4. INADEQUACY – “teacher, don’t give up on me”
1. ASSOCIATION OF SE ASIAN NATIONS 5. WITHDRAWAL – “teacher, please help me”
(ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, CENTRAL TENDENCY -Central (middle location)
Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia Tendency
2. BELL TRADE (PHILIPPINE TRADE ACT) – bet. MEAN – Average MODE – most occurring
Phil. & U.S. RANGE – highest score minus lowest score
3. KYOTO PROTOCOL (UNNCC) LOW SD–Homogenous, scores near to
- fight global warming decreasing green house mean(almost same)
gases HIGH SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean
4. RIO DE JANEIRO CONVENTION (scattered)
- environment and sustainable development DECILE – 10 grps (D1…D10) QUARTILE – 4 grps
5. TEJEROS CONVENTION – election (Q1…Q4)
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior SUSPENSION – time REVOKATION – condition
6. TREATY ON GENERAL RELATIONS
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom DIFFICULTY INDEX
7. UNDERWORLD-SIMMONS ACT – full free 0-0.20 VERY DIFFICULT
foreign trade 0.21-0.40 DIFFICULT
0.41-0.60 MODERATELY DIFFICULT  EMILIO AGUINALDO – Magdalo
0.61-0.80 EASY  EMILIO JACINTO – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
0.81-1.00 VERY EASY  GRACIANO LOPEQ JAENA – Diego Laura
 JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN ¬– JoMaPa
POSITIVELY SKEWED (LEFT FOOT)
- low scores, mean greater than mode  JOSE RIZAL – Dimas alang, Laon laan
NEGATIVELY SKEWED (RIGHT FOOT)  JUAN LUNA – Buan
- high scores, mean is lower than mode  MARCELO DEL PILAR – Plaridel, Dolores
HORN/HALO EFFECT Manapat, Piping Dilat
- overcoming other trait, either bad/good  MARIANO PONCE – Tikbalang, Naning
(Satanas), Kalipulako

--- GENERAL EDUCATION ---

MGA URI NG PANGUNGUSAP
FILIPINO/ENGLISH: WALANG PAKSA:
MGA TEORYA NG PINAGMULAN NG WIKA 1. EKSISTENSYAL – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
1. BOW-WOW –kalikasan at hayop Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. DING-DONG – bagay 2. MODAL – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. POOH-POOH – masidhing damdamin 3. PANLIPUNAN – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. YOHEHO – pwersang pisikal 4. SAGOT LAMANG – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
FILIPINO POETS AND PEN NAMES 5. SAMBITLA – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. TEMPORAL – panandaliang kalagayan o
 BENVENIDO SANTOS – American Culture panahon
Writings
 DANIEL DEFOE – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
 EDILBERTO TIEMPO – made “Cry Slaughter” KAYARIAN:
that has been translated 1. PAYAK – iisang kaisipan
many times 2. TAMBALAN – dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-
 ERNEST HEMINGWAY – Ring Lardner Jr. iisa
 JOSE GARCIA VILLA – “Comma Poet”, Dove 3. HUGNAYAN – madalas nagsisimula sa kung,
G. Lion dahil sa
 MIGUEL DE CERVANTES/ESCALANDE –
4. LANGKAPAN – mahabang pangungusap
Masterpiece is “Don Quixote”
that is most influential
 NICK JOAQUIN – Quijano de Manila MGA URI NG KWENTO
– Spanish Culture Writing
1. PABULA (fable) – hayop
 PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ – made “Dead
2. PARABULA (parable)– Bibliya
Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story 3. ANEKDOTA (anecdote) – tunay na buhay
 SAMUEL LANGHORNE CLEMENS – 4. MITOLOHIYA (myth) – diyos at diyosa
Mark Twain (pinagmulan)
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
ASPEKTO NG PANDIWA (Verb)
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”
1. PERPEKTIBO – tumakbo
(best novel)
2. IMPERPEKTIBO – tumatakbo
3. KONTEMPLATIBO – tatakbo
-SINTAKS/SINTAKSIS/PALAUGNAYAN
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa
masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI (Adjective)
pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap 1. LANTAY – walang pinaghahambingan
2. PAHAMBING ¬– inihahalintulad
PEN NAMES OF FILIPINO PROTAGONISTS
3. PASUKDOL – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
 ANDRES BONIFACIO – May Pag-asa,
Agapito, Bagumbayan
 ANTONIO LUNA – Taga-Ilog
MGA URI NG TULA  BIBLIYA – Palestino at Greece
1. PATULA (Moro-moro)  CANTEBURY TALES – America (by Chaucer)
2. PASALAYSAY (Epiko, Awit, Korido)  DIVINE COMEDIA – Italy (by Dante)
 EL CID COMPEADOR – katangian at history
ng Spain
MGA AWITING BAYAN
1. DALIT/HIMNO – pagsamba sa anito o pang  ILIAD o ODYSSEY – Myths of Greece made
Relihiyon by Homer.
2. DIONA – kasal  ISANG LIBO’T ISANG GABI – Ugali sa Arabia
3. DUNG-AW – patay (pagdadalamhati) at Persia
4. KALUSAN – paggawa  KORAN – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA
5. KUMINTANG – tagumpay (pandigma) – India
6. KUNDIMAN – pag-ibig  UNCLE TOM’S CABIN – about slaves that
7. OYAYI – pagpapatulog ng bata becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet
8. SOLIRANIN – pagsasagwan Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
9. TALINDAW – pamamangka
MGA URI NG PANITIKAN
1. TULUYAN – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
PAGBABAGONG MORPONEMIKO
a. NOBELA – binubuo ng mga kabanata
1. ASIMILASYON – Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap
(panukli) b. DULA – pagtatanghal sa entablado
2. MAY ANGKOP – wikain mo – “kamo”
3. MAYSUDLONG/PAGDARAGDAG NG PONEMA MGA DULANG PANLIBANGAN:
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan a. TIBAG – Sta. Elena
4. METATESIS – linipad – nilipad b. LAGAY – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
5. PAGKAKALTAS NG PONEMO – takipan – c. PANUNULUYAN – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas
takpan dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
6. PAGLILIPAT-DIIN – laRUan (playground) - d. PANUBOL – parangal sa may kaarawan
laruAN (\toy) e. KARILYO – ala-puppet show
7. PAGPAPALIT NG PONEMA – madapat – f. KURIDO – katapangan, kabayanihan,
marapat kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. SARSUELA – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig,
paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
MGA URI NG PANGHALIP/PRONOUNS
1. PANAO/PERSONAL PRONOUN – ako/I etc.
2. PAMATLIG/DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN – c. ALAMAT – pinagmulan
ito/this etc. d. ANEKDOTA – ugali, may mabuting aral
3. PANAKLAW/INDEFINITE P - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. PATULAD – ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. PANANONG/INTERROGATIVE P. – sino, when 2. PATULA - may
etc. sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
6. PAMANGGIT/RELATIVE P. – daw, umano,
A. TULANG PASALAYSAY - mahahalagang
which, who tago o pangyayari sa buhay.

MGA AKDANG NA MAY IMPUWENSYA SA a. EPIKO – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan\

BIDASARI, PARANG SABIR – Moro
MUNDO
BIAG NI LAM ANG – Iloko
 AKLAT NG MGA ARAW – China (by MARAGTAS, HARAYA, LAGDA AT HARI
Confucius) SA BUKID – Bisaya
KUMINTANG – Tagalog
 AKLAT NG MGA PATAY – Egypt cults &
DAGOY AT SUDSUD – Tagbanua
myths (by Osiris) TATUANG – Bagobo
 AWIT NI ROLANDO-France (by Doce Pares, b. AWIT o KORIDO – kaharian
Roncesvalles)
 c. TULA NG DAMDAMIN o LIRIKO – own Dinadakila
feeling 14. REPITASYON – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama!
Tama!...
MGA TULANG LIRIKO:
o AWITING BAYAN – kalungkutan IBA PANG TAYUTAY NA GAMIT SA TULA:
o ELEHIYA – yumao ALITERASYON – unang titik o pantig ay pare-
o DAGLIT – pagpupuri sa Diyos pareho
o PASTORAL – buhay sa bukid ANADIPLOSIS – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at
o ODA – papuri hulihan
EPIPORA – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
B. TULANG DULA O PANGTANGHALAN PAG-UYAM – sarcasm
a. KOMEDYA LITOTES – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
b. MELODRAMA – musical TALUDTOD – linya sa tula
c. TRAHEDYA – death of main character
d. PARSA – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa UNFAMILIAR PARTS OF THE SPEECH
e. SAYNETE-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ 1. PREPOSITIONS-on, under, off, by, in near,
pook for, to, since
2. CONJUNCTIONS (PANGATNIG)
C. TULANG PATNIGAN - para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so,
a. KARAGATAN – alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa ni, ngunit
na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring 3. INTERJECTION – with exclamation mark
mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. DUPLO – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula PROPER SEQUENCE OF WORDS IN A
c. BALAGTASAN – pumalit sa Duplo SENTENCE
1. ARTICLES – a, an, the
FIGURES OF SPEECH/TAYUTAY 2. OPINION
PAG-UUGNAY O PAGHAHAMBING: 3. SIZE
1. SIMILE/PAGTUTULAD – mayroong pangatnig 4. AGE
2. METAPHOR/PAGWAWANGIS – walang 5. SHAPE
pangatnig 6. COLOR
3. ALUSYON – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao 7. MATERIAL
4. METONYMY/PAGPAPALIT-TAWAG 8. PURPOSE
5. SYNECDOCHE/SINEKDOKE – pagbanggit ng
isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan CLASSIFICATIONS OF POEM
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo. 1. BALLAD – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be
sung
PAGLALARAWAN: 2. BLACK VERSE – with meter but no rhyme
6. HYPERBOLE/ PAGMAMALABIS o 3. DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE – written in form of
EKSAHERASYON speech for individual character.
7. APOSTROPHE/PAGTAWAG – pakikipag-usap 4. ELEGY –death of individual
sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil 5. EPIC – tells a story about heroic figure
ka na. 6. EULOGY – message for the dead
8. EXCLAMATION/PAGDARAMDAM – strong 7. FREE VERSE (vers libre) – without meter but
feeling. with rhyme
9. PARADOX/PARADOKS -“malayo ma’y malapit 8. HAIKU – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3
pa rin” lines and 17 syllables)
10. OXYMORON/PAGTATAMBIS - paradox w/ 9. IDYLL (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
extra words 10. LYRICS - thoughts and feelings
11. NARRATIVE – tells story
12. ODE -typically serious/meditative nature, type
PAGSASALIN NG KATANGIAN:
of Lyric
11. PERSONIFICATION/PAGSASATAO
13. PASTORAL –rural life in peaceful &
PAGSASATUNOG:
romanticized way
12. ONOMATOPOEIA/PANGHIHIMIG – tunog ang
14. SONNET – Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
paksa
15. TANKA – Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
13. ALLITERATION/PAG-UULIT – repetition of 1st
letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na
 (10hrs less)
UNFAMILIAR BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY - has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
ANATOMY – inner organs ENTOMOLOGY – 7. SATURN – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
insects - made mostly of hydrogen
BIOCHEMISTRY – chemical patterns of animals 8. URANUS – Frederick William Herscel
ECOLOGY – living things bet. Each other in - Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
environment “I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST
EMBRYOLOGY – developmental patterns fr. WHO GIVES ME STRENGTH”
zygote-birth
GENETICS – heredity MYCOLOGY – fungi
HERPETOLOGY – reptiles and amphibians
HISTOLOGY – plant and animal tissues
MORPHOLOGY – phenotype (appearance)
ORNITHOLOGY – birds PARASITOLOGY –
parasites
PALEONTOLOGY – fossils of animals and plants
PHYSIOLOGY – function of tissue, organ & system
TAXONOMY – classification of living organisms
SCIENCE PROPONENTS
CAROLUS LINNAEUS – Father of Taxonomy
ROBERT HOOKE – termed “cells” (cellulae)
ANTON VAN LEUWENHOEK – 1st person to
observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
ROBERT BROWN – discovered Nucleus
MATTHIAS SCHIEDEN (Botanist) & THEODORE
(Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
RUDOLF VIRCHOW – proposed cells come fr.
existing cells
EARTH’S SPHERES
ATMOSPHERE – gaseous sphere protection from
meteors
Divided into five:
 Troposphere
 Stratosphere
 Mesosphere
 Thermosphere
 Exosphere
HYDROSPHERE – water
LITHOSPHERE – oceanic and continental crust
BIOSPHERE – all life forms in Earth
CRYOSPHERE – ice ANTHROSPHERE –
ancestors
PLANETS AND THEIR SEQUENCE
1. SUN – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
2. MERCURY – named after Roman God
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
3. VENUS – Goddess of Love and Beauty (Mariner
2)
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
4. EARTH
5. MARS – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
6. JUPITER -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet