International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2015; 3(3): 26-32

E-ISSN: 2321-2187
P-ISSN: 2394-0514
IJHM 2015; 3(3): 26-32
Herbal Therapy of Sexual Disorders and Debilities
Received: 25-06-2015 Practiced by Oraon Tribals of Palamu Division,
Accepted: 26-07-2015
Jharkhand, India
Raphael R Marandi
The Rapinat Herbarium and
Centre for Molecular
Systematics, St. Joseph’s College
Raphael R Marandi, S John Britto, Ignace Kindo
(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli,
Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract
Sexual disorders and debilities are on the increase worldwide because of modern food habits, lifestyle
S John Britto and increasing etiological factors. Several modern treatments are employed which are not only expensive
The Rapinat Herbarium and but are also often associated with some side effects. This has intensified the search for noble therapy with
Centre for Molecular the medicinal plants. The herbal therapy is readily available in the rural areas at reduced costs and with
Systematics, St. Joseph’s College reduced side effects. These treatments range from sexual dysfunctions to pregnancy, delivery and breast
(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli,
feeding the infants. This paper deals with the herbal formulations of the Oraon tribals of Palamu division
Tamil Nadu, India.
for the treatment of sexual disorders and debilities such as vigor, vitality, impotency, erectile dysfunction,
Ignace Kindo premature ejaculation, weak semen, hydrocele, spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders,
The Rapinat Herbarium and barrenness, lactation and delivery related issues.
Centre for Molecular
Systematics, St. Joseph’s College Keywords: Herbal therapy, Sexual disorders, Debilities, Oraon tribals, Palamu division
(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli,
Tamil Nadu, India.
1. Introduction
Since time immemorial, plants have been used for food, fodder, clothing and medicine. The
Indian tribals have great love and knowledge of medicinal plants. They use them for wide
range of health related problems. The Oraons are one of such tribal groups who dwell in the
hill tracks and foothills of Palamu division of Jharkhand. They largely depend on agricultural
and forest products such as leafy vegetables, flowers and fruits [1]. After a day’s hard work,
they drink handia (locally brewed drink) every day. There cannot be any celebrations or
ceremonies without handia. The boys are ushered into drinking at childhood itself by their
grandparents. By the age of adulthood, several Oraon youths become chronic alcoholics
resulting in them neurologic diseases and sexual dysfunctions or debilities [2]. Since ancient
times, humans have searched for aphrodisiacs and potent drugs of plant origin to overcome
various sexual disorders and disabilities and to achieve mental satisfaction [3]. The types of
sexual disorders in men are sexual dysfunctions (reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and
premature ejaculation), impotency, weak semen, spermatorrhoea and hydrocele while in
women are menstrual disorders, barrenness, lack of lactation, delivery related issues and
leucorrhoea [4, 5]. Hence, this study is an effort to document the crude knowledge of the rural
herbalists regarding herbal formulations used for the treatment of sexual disorders and
debilities, which are caused by excessive drinking and other addictions in the study area (Fig.
1). This study has also documented herbal remedies for sexually transmitted diseases.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Study Area
Palamu Division lies between 23° 18’36’ and 24° 38’6” North latitude and 83° 19’48” and 84°
28’12” East longitude in the state of Jharkhand, India. It has an area of 12,747 sqkm consisting
Correspondence: of three districts - Garhwa, Latehar and Palamu (Fig. 1). Palamu is a forested division with the
Raphael R Marandi total population of 44,84,379 (Census 2011). The Oraons are one of major tribal groups in all
The Rapinat Herbarium and
Centre for Molecular
the three districts, namely, Garhwa, Latehar and Palamu. They are mainly agricultural
Systematics, St. Joseph’s College labourers and also depend on the forest products for their living which has enriched them with
(Autonomous) Tiruchirappalli, a good traditional knowledge on healthcare practices [6]
Tamil Nadu-620002, India.

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International Journal of Herbal Medicine

2.2. Methodology 3. Results and Discussions

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out during the year 3.1. Results
2013-2015 in the Oraon villages of all the three districts of The ethnobotanical formulations used against various sexual
Palamu division: Garhwa, Latehar and Palamu. The reputed disorders and debilities are given in Table 1. They are
tribal healers were identified and selected with the help village arranged according to the type of diseases and number of
elders, forest officers and local health workers. The semi- formulations. For every formulation, the botanical names of
structured questionnaires and personal interviews used for the the medicinal plants are given followed by local names in
collection of data. The medicinal plants were photographed Kurukh and Sadari and the family in parenthesis. The method
with a digital camera and the voucher specimens were of preparation and the mode of administration are given under
prepared with the help of the tribal healers. The voucher herbal formulations which consist of one of the local names of
specimens were deposited in the Rapinat Herbarium, medicinal plant and the amount of plant parts required.
Tiruchirappalli, India. The botanical names were also
crosschecked with the earlier published literatures.

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Table 1: Enumeration of Herbal Therapy of Sexual Disorders among Oraon Tribals
Sexual Disorders Botanical Name, Local Name (Family) Herbal Formulations
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
Asparagus adscendens Roxb., Pandru 20g roots of Safed musali, Kali musali and Satavar are
musli, Safed musali (Liliaceae) powdered and mixed well. It is mixed with 2g dried and
Curculigo orchioides Gaetrn, Dinda kita, powdered latex of Guduchi. 5mg of the preparation is taken
Karia musali (Hypoxidaceae) with a spoonful of honey for 30 days
Tinospora cordifolia Willd., Guduchi,
Giloy (Menispermaceae)
Butteneria herbacea Roxb., Kamraj
(Apiaceae)
2g each of roots of Bhojraj, Kamraj and Tejraj are ground
Peucedanum dhana Ham., Bhojraj
into paste and taken with a spoonful of honey once a day
(Apiaceae)
for 30 days.
Peucedanum nagpurense Clarke, Tejraj
(Apiaceae)
Abrus precatorius Linn., Gunj, Ghunj
(Fabaceae)
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
20g dried roots of Kaisago, Safed musali, Karia musali,
Asparagus Adscendens Roxb., Pandru
Chint and tuber of Patal kohonda are powdered.
Vitality & Virility musli, Safed musali (Liliaceae)
10g dried roots of Gunj and 10g seeds of Alkusi are
Curculigo orchioides Gaetrn, Dinda kita,
powdered separately.
Karia musali (Hypoxidaceae)
Holostemma rheedii Wall., Chint, Chirvel
Both the powders are mixed well. 10mg of this powder is
(Asclepiadaceae)
taken twice a day with honey for 40-60 days.
Mucuna pruriens Linn., Alkusi, Alkusa
(Fabaceae)
Pueraria tuberosa Roxb., Pakhna
kohonda, Patal kumda (Fabaceae)

Pueraria tuberosa Roxb., Pakhna 2mg of the powder of Patal kohonda tuber is consumed
kohonda, Patal kumda (Fabaceae) with mishri and a cup of cold milk for 30 days.
Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., Shisham, Sisu The paste of 5g of tender leaves of shisham is taken with a
(Fabaceae) cup of milk for 15-30 days.
Ficus racemosa Linn., Dumbari, Dumri
Equal amount of dry fruits of Dumbari and Bada, and
(Moraceae)
Mishri are powdered, and mixed well. 4mg of the powder is
Ficus benghalensis Linn., Bada, Bar
taken with a cup of cold milk for 30 days.
(Moraceae)
Tinospora cordifolia Willd., Guduchi, 4mg of powdered latex is taken with a spoonful of honey
Giloy (Menispermaceae) for 30 days.
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Kaisago,
Equal amount of roots of Kaisago Dinda kita and Mishri
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
are powdered and mixed well. 4mg of the powder is taken
Oligospermia / Curculigo orchioides Gaetrn, Dinda kita,
with a cup of cold milk for 30 days.
Weak Semen Karia musali (Hypoxidaceae)
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae) 2mg of the powder of Kaisago roots and the seeds of Alkusi
Mucuna pruriens Linn., Alkusi, Alkusa are taken with a cup of cold milk for 30 days.
(Fabaceae)
Azoospermia Ficus benghalensis L., Bada, Bar 6-7 drops of latex is consumed with sugar candy for 3
(Impotency) (Moraceae) months.
Smilax macrophylla Roxb., Rampaun,
The twig of Rampaun is used as a toothbrush for 3 months.
Ramdatun (Smilacaceae)
Pueraria tuberosa Roxb., Pakhna 20mg of the tuber powder is taken with mishri for 15-20
kohonda, Patal kumda (Fabaceae) days.
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
The decoction is prepared from 100g Kaisago roots, 50g
Centella asiatica Linn., Muxa arxa, Beng
Beng sag leaves and 100g each of the barks of Makchund
sag (Apiaceae)
Spermatorrhoea and Charaigorh. One cup of the decoction is taken twice a
Pterospermum acerifolium Linn.,
day for 15-20 days.
Makchund, Kanakchampa (Sterculiaceae)
Vitex penduncularis Wall., Charaigorh,
(Verbenaceae)
Asparagus racemosus Willd., Kaisago,
2g each of fresh roots of Kaisago and Safed musali are
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
ground and dissolved in a cup of water. The filtrate is given
Barrenness Asparagus Adscendens Roxb., Pandru
to couples for 30-40 days.
(Male & Female musli, Safed musali (Liliaceae)
Infertility) Diplocyclos palmatus Linn., Edakhan, After the period, 6-9 seeds are given to the woman for 5
Shivlingi (Cucurbitaceae) days.
Flemingia strobilifera Linn., Bhui 5g roots of Buin galphuli, 10g roots of Kaisago and 20g
galphuli (Fabaceae) roots of Minjur chundi are ground and dissolved in a litre

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Asparagus racemosus Willd., Kaisago, of water. One cup of the filtrate is taken once a day for 5
Satavar (Asparagaceae) days.
Absent Menstruation Elephantopes scaber Linn., Minjur chundi
(Asteraceae)
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
3g fresh roots of Kaisago and Anantmul, 1g fresh root of
Curculigo orchioides Gaetrn, Dinda kita,
Karia musali are ground and dissolved in cup of water. The
Karia musali (Hypoxidaceae)
filtrate is given for 8 days.
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., Choti
dudhia, Anantmul (Asclepiadaceae)
Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., Choti
dudhia, Anantmul (Asclepiadaceae)
Decoction is prepared from 3g fresh roots of Anantmul,
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
Satavar and 1g fresh root of Karia musali. One cup of the
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
decoction is taken once a day for 5 days.
Curculigo orchioides Gaetrn, Dinda kita,
Karia musali (Hypoxidaceae)
Menorrhagia (Excess
Madhuca indica Gmel., Madgi, Mahua 7 dried flowers are soaked in a cup of water overnight.
Menstruation)
(Sapotaceae) Flowers and water are consumed for 15-30 days.
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna, 20mg power of Rohan bark is taken with jaggery for 15-21
Ruhen (Meliaceae) days.
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna,
Ruhen (Meliaceae)
Equal amounts of dried barks of Rohna, Kat Jambu and
Syzyzium operculatum Roxb., Kat Jambu,
Kahu are powdered and mixed well. 10mg of the powder is
Katjamun (Myrtaceae)
taken with half a cup of jaggery twice a day for 15-21 days.
Black Menstrual Terminalia arjuna Roxb., Kahwa, Kahu
Discharge (Combretaceae)
Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Munjni, 200g of Munjni oil is added with 200g of honey. A
Kujur (Celastraceae) spoonful is taken twice a day for 15 days.
Metrorrhagia Aloe vera Tourn., Gheekuanr 500g of pulp of Gheekuanr is added with 500g of Mishri.
(Irregular Periods) (Asphodelaceae) One spoonful is taken twice a day for 21 days.
Dysmenorrhea Aloe vera Tourn., Gheekuanr 500g of pulp of Gheekuanr is added with 500g of jaggery.
(Painful Periods) (Asphodelaceae) One spoonful is taken twice a day for 21 days.
Solanum lycopersicum Linn., Bilaichi,
Tamater (Solanaceae) 2 inches roots of Tamater and Mircha are tied around the
Capsicum frutescens Linn., Mircha, neck the mother.
Maricha (Solanaceae)
Achyranthes aspera Linn., Chirchiti,
Latjira (Amaranthaceae) The root of Chirchiti or Kundru is tied around the waist or
Coccinia indica W.&A., Kundru, Kundri neck or inserted into the hair bun of the mother.
(Cucurbitaceae)
Labour & Delivery
Musa paradisiaca Linn., Kera, Kela
(Musaceae) The flowers of Kera and rhizome of Haladu are ground and
Curcuma longa Linn., Balka, Haladu dissolved in a cup of water
(Zingiberaceae)
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna,
Haemorrhage after Ruhen (Meliaceae) A cup of decoction of Rohna and Charaigorh bark is given
childbirth Vitex penduncularis Wall., Charaigorh, twice a day for 3-5 days.
(Verbenaceae)
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna,
Pelvic pain after A cup of decoction of Rohna and Lodh bark is given twice
Ruhen (Meliaceae)
childbirth a day for 3-5 days.
Symplocos racemosa Roxb.
Medicago polymorpha Linn., Bindo arxa,
Netho sag (Fabaceae)
Leaf paste of Netho sag, Tinpatia and Amboti sag is
Oxalis latifolia Kunth, Tinpatia
dissolved in a cup of water and given twice a day till
(Oxalidaceae)
placenta is out.
Oxalis corniculata Linn., Amboti sag
(Oxalidaceae)
Retained Placenta
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna,
Ruhen (Meliaceae) A cup of decoction of Rohna and Charaigorh bark is given
Vitex penduncularis Wall., Charaigorh, twice a day for 2 days.
(Verbenaceae)
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn., Orhul
A bud is taken with jaggery for 30 days.
(Malvaceae)
Madhuca indica Gmel., Madgi, Mahua
(Sapotaceae)
Decoction of 50g Kahua bark, 25g of Madgi bark and 10g
Terminalia arjuna Roxb., Kahwa, Kahu
of Paan bark is prepared in 1 litre of water. A half cup of
(Combretaceae)
the decoction is given twice a day for 15 days.
Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Paan, Ber
(Rhamnaceae)
Soymida febrigfuga A.Juss., Rohna, Equal amounts of dried barks of Rohna, Kat Jambu and
Leucorrhoea Ruhen (Meliaceae) Kahu are powdered and mixed well. 10mg of the powder is
Syzyzium operculatum Roxb., Kat Jambu, taken with boiled rice water twice a day for 20-30 days.
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Katjamun (Myrtaceae)
Terminalia arjuna Roxb., Kahwa, Kahu
(Combretaceae)
Pterospermum acerifolium Linn.,
Makchund, Kanakchampa (Sterculiaceae) Decoction is prepared with 100g of Makchund petals, 250g
Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Aonra, Aonla of Aonla root bark, 250g of Chidhri root bark and 250g of
(Euphorbiaceae) Jaggery in 2 litres of water. Half cup of the decoction is
Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz., Chidhri, given twice a day for 20 days.
Dhawai (Lythraceae)
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
5g of root paste is given with mishri or honey for 3 days.
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
Allium sativum Linn., Rasri, Rasun
(Amaryllidaceae)
Decoction is prepared with 5g of Dubla ghans, 5g of
Cynodon dactylon Pers., Dub, Dubla
Lactation Kaisago roots and 5 pcs of Rasun. One cup of the decoction
ghans (Poaceae)
is given with jaggery twice a day for 3-5 days.
Asparagus racemosus Willd, Kaisago,
Satavar (Asparagaceae)
Abrus precatorius Linn., Gunj, Ghunj 20mg of the root powder of Gunj (bearing white fruits) is
(Fabaceae) chewed with a betel leaf for 30 days.
Tinospora cordifolia Willd, Guduchi, 20mg of the dry latex of Giloy and 10 drops of honey are
Giloy (Menispermaceae) chewed with a betel leaf for 30 days.
Abelmoschus esculentus Linn., Bhendi, 20mg of the root powder is consumed with Mishri and a
Bherwa (Malvaceae) cup of cold milk.
Erectile Dysfunction
Musa paradisiaca Linn., Keda, Kela Juice of 1kg Keda corm is added with 500g of honey. Half
(Musaceae) a cup is taken twice a day for 30 days.
Abelmoschus crinitus Wall., Ban bhendi Fresh root is chewed and consumed 2 hours before the
(Malvaceae) intercourse.
Premature Butea monosperma Lam., Murka, Parsa
2g latex is taken with mishri or jaggery for 20-30 days.
Ejaculation (Fabaceae)
Ficus benghalensis L., Bada, Bar
5g of tender aerial roots are chewed for 15-20 days.
(Moraceae)
Ricinus communis L., Erandi, Digherendi
Celastrus paniculata oil is applied on the fresh leaf of
( Euphorbiaceae)
Erandi and warmed in the fire. The leaf is tied around the
Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Munjni,
scrotum.
Kujur (Celastraceae)
Argemone maxicana Linn., Ghakul kanta
The paste of the whole is applied on the scrotum and
(Papaveraceae)
bandaged overnight. After washing in the morning,
Celastrus paniculatus Willd., Munjni,
Celastrus oil is applied.
Kujur (Celastraceae)
Nicotiana tabacum L., Tamku, Khaini Dried leaf of Tamku is moistened and tied around the
Hydrocele (Solanaceae) scrotum for overnight for 5-7 days.
Plumbago zeylanica L., Chitavar, One fresh root is tied around the ankle of the leg with
Chitavari (Plumbaginaceae) swollen scrotum.
Solanum xanthocarpum S.&W., Rangain
Decoction of 15g fresh roots of Rangain and 5 pcs of Golki
(Solanaceae)
is taken twice a day for 10 days.
Piper nigrum L., Golki (Piperaceae )

3.2. Discussions married couples as social stigma in several Indian societies,

The herbal therapy of sexual disorders and debilities consisting and have to bear painful taunts.
of simple methods of treatment developed by several trial-and- The survey revealed that several cases of sexual disorders and
error methods over a long period still hold an important place debilities have been successfully treated by the given
in several tribal societies [7]. The Vaidhyas of the Oraon tribals formulations. Some of the reputed tribal healers have treated
have developed unique formulations for specific sexual the cases of sexual disorders as follows – Leons Tirkey (2000),
disorders. The common methods of preparation of the Praful Xalxo (100), Nandkishor Oraon (50), Ramnandan Minj
formulations are decoction, extract, infusion, powder and juice (25), Theodor Panna (20), Khushdil Tirkey (40), Pauru
which are often added with mishri or jaggery or honey. Some Nagesia (20), Dayawanti Minj (500), Gabriel Kujur (1000),
of the precious ethnomedicinal plants are shown in Fig. 2. Joseph Tirkey (1000), Joseph Kujur (1500), John Tirkey (200)
Some of the formulations consist of a single plant therapy like and Pushpa Minj (600).
menorrhagia with the flowers of Madhuca indica, erectile The tabulated data reveal that the roots of Asparagus
dysfunction with the corm of Musa paradisiaca and the root of racemosus, Curculigo orchioides, Pueraria tuberosa, the
Abelmoschus esculentus etc. Other formulations consist of barks of Soymida febrigfuga, Symplocos racemosa, the stem of
multiple plants therapy. The synergetic uses of the plant Tinospora cordifolia and the seeds of Abrus precatorius and
species promote hormonal activity in the body and improve the Mucuna pruriens are common ingredients in several
quality and quantity of semen [8]. The herbal medicine formulations which have also been reported by earlier
improves emotional stability and hormonal activity [9]. They researchers [10, 11, 12]. Butea monosperma and Ficus racemosa
are also powerful remedies of disorders such as have been reported as aphrodisiac by a few researchers [13, 14].
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea, azoospermia, oligospermia and The study revealed that the Oraon tribals use Soymida
various types of menstrual disorders which are often the febrigfuga, Symplocos racemosa, Hemidesmus indicus and
barriers to procreation. The inability to reproduce projects the Vitex penduncularis mostly for gynecological disorders.

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International Journal of Herbal Medicine
 

The Ancient Indian medicinal system of Ayurveda has given a need of the hour for long time use.
great importance to sexuality in human life and has devoted to
it under the title virilization which includes aphrodisiacs for 5. Acknowledgments
erectile dysfunction, causes of infertility, spermatogenesis, The author is grateful to the Director and Head, and also to
semenogenesis, reproduction, methods of correcting defective the staff of the Rapinat Herbarium and Centre for Molecular
semen and sexual satisfaction [15, 16]. In modern medication of Systematics, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous),
erectile dysfunction through popular Viagra is effective, but in Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu. He is also grateful to the Vaidhyas
some men it is not compatible and works in less than 70% of of Palamu division for providing information. He thanks
men and also gives certain side effects [17]. It is the same case CSIR, New Delhi for financial support through Rajiv Gandhi
with the medication of gynaecological disorders. In this National Fellowship.
regard, the herbal remedies are the better alternatives with
lesser or no side effects. Moreover, enhancing healthy 6. References
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15. Ibid.
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medicine-A historical review. Ancient Science of Life
1989; 9(2):90-94.
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18. Kumar A, Arora R. Medicinal plants effective in treatment
of sexual dysfunction: A review. J Med Plants Stud. 2013;
1(1):1-6.

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