Index

Note: page numbers in italics refer to figures and tables.

acetic acid 265 milk composition 137–138
acid detergent fibre (ADF) 44, 90 minimum requirements 42–43
dietary level 201 obligatory losses 134
digestibility 94, 95 pet rabbit requirements 322
feed content 242–243 protein synthesis 133
acid–base regulation of macrominerals 150 requirements 140–141, 249, 250
additives 164–167 retention in pregnancy 138
liquid 231–233 soft faeces 49–50
weighing 220 see also essential amino acids
adipose tissue 187, 188 ammonia
adiposity, carcass 180 caecal 45–47, 321–322
ADL 41 nitrogen catabolism 45, 46
dietary fibre 84 amylase 3
digestibility of food 202 activity 22, 23
estimation in DF 75 caecal 23, 27
β-adrenergic agonists 190 pancreatic 27
aflatoxins 206, 236 rabbit diet addition 29–30
age soft faeces 21
CPD 42 stomach 21
fat digestion efficiency 63–64 amyloglucosidase 22
protein digestibility 41 amylopectin 19
aleurone layer 39 amylose 19, 20
alkaloids amylose–amylopectin ratio 25
nutrient utilization efficiency Angora rabbits 297–298
limitation 280 amino acid requirements 302
raw materials for feeds 235 crude fibre requirements 302
allometric coefficients 179 diet 297–298
allometric relationship modification 183 energy requirements 299, 300
amino acids 39, 40 energy utilization 302
Angora rabbit requirements 302–303 fasting day 306
body composition 247, 249 feeding management 304–306
caecal 47 fleece harvesting 299
diet formulation 90 hair growth rate 298–299
dietary deficiency 203–204 heat loss 298
dietary requirements 246–278 metabolizable energy 302–305
digestibility 42–43, 248 mineral requirements 303–304
digestible units 247 nutrient recommendations 300, 301
growth requirements 135–136 nutritional requirements 298–304
liquid additives 232 protein requirements 302

333
334 Index

Angora rabbits continued transit time 11

thermal insulation 298 caecum 2
thermal stress 285 bacterial activity 47
vitamin requirements 303–304 capacity 2
wool production 290, 297, 298–299, DF digestion 78–81
304–305 digestive disorders 199
antibiotics 166, 221 fermentation 23, 201, 323
anticoccidial drugs 165 pattern 199
antinutritive factors 40 microbial activity 78
denaturation 227, 228 microbial digestion 1
estimation in raw materials 235 microbial population 3–4
expansion 229 motility 198
legumes 319 pH 2, 82–84
antitrypsin factors 235 protein digestion before 44, 45
appetite regulation 107–108 retention time of digesta 78
arabinoxylans 71 VFA concentration 82
ascorbic acid see vitamin C weight of contents 10
ash, rabbit meat content 145 caging systems 267–268
Aspergillus 206, 207, 236 calcitriol 147
avidin 162 calcium 145, 146, 146–147
dietary levels 148
excess 149
B vitamins 155, 161–164 pet rabbit requirements 326
pet rabbit requirements 325 –phosphorus requirement
bacillus 166 relationship 147–148
bacteria, cellulolytic 4 requirements 149
Bacteroides 3–4 calcium gluconate 147
beans, pet rabbit feeding 318–319 carcass
bentonites 258 adiposity 180
binders 225, 258 characteristics 178
clay 324 composition 179–180
biometeorology 273 β-carotene 156–158
biotin 155, 162, 220 Angora rabbits 304
body composition 180, 181 carotenes 155–156
variation 117 cell proliferation phase 181
body heat 275 cell wall see plant cell wall (PCW)
body temperature 277–278 cellulose 72, 73, 202–203
control in neonatal animals 279 degradability 80
body weight estimation in DF 75
daily weight gain 255, 256 cereals
growth rules 178 pet rabbit feeding 318
bran 39 protein 39, 40
breeding rhythm 124–125, 126, 127 chemostatic regulation 108
brown fat, thermogenic activity 279 chloride 145, 146
butyrate 4, 81 chlorine for water purification 265
cholecalciferol 158
choline 155, 161
caecal contents weight (CCW) 78–79 choline chloride 229, 232
caeco-colic segment 30 chondroitin sulphate 151
flora 199–200 chromium 151
hypomotility 199 chylomicrons 59
starch fermentation 30–34 chymotrypsin 3
caecotrophy 1, 5, 6, 7–9 cimaterol 190
circadian rhythm 5, 9 citrinin 206, 207
nutritional implications 8–9 clenbuterol 190
pet rabbits 314 climatic environment 273–275
prevention 22 breeding does 284–287
stomach pH 21 growing rabbits 287–289
 Index 335

litters 284–287 meat quality 177

nutrient allowances 281–284 presentation 255–257, 328
thermoneutral zone 275–280 dietary crude protein (DCP) 134
clostridia, protein dietary excess 204 see also DCP/DE ratio
Clostridium spiriforme 201 dietary fibre (DF) 69
cobalamine 155 biochemical characteristics 71, 72, 73
cobalt 151, 154 buffering capacity 77
vitamin B12 164 caecal digestion 78–81
coccidia, diarrhoea 198 caecal pH 82–84
coccidiosis 165 cation exchange capacity 77
coefficient of crude protein (CPD) 41, 42 cell wall constituents 322–324
cold exposure 274 classification 72
cold stress deficiency 200
animal productivity 278 degradation in rabbit gut 77–84
pre-weaning mortality 285–286 degradation rate 79–80
responses 276 diet formulation 90–91
colon 2, 199 digestibility 80, 81
compound feeds digestion 200
maximum digestible fibre content 90 digestion rate 79–81
maximum fat content 90 digestive efficiency of pet rabbits 314
maximum protein content 89 estimation 74–76
pet rabbits 319–320 fermentation 77
concentrates, pet rabbit feeding 318 pattern 81–84
conditioning 227 grinding 323
copper 151, 152–153 heat increment 283
copper sulphate 153 imbalance 197
coprophagy 49, 147 intake reduction 200–202
crude fibre (CF) level effects on digestion 84
Angora rabbit requirements 302 long 91
digestibility 94 maximum content in compound feeds 90
estimation 74–75 meat quality 184–185
fat digestibility 64 nutrient requirements 249, 250
indigestible 90 particle size 76, 79
soft faeces 48 pet rabbit requirements 322–324
crude protein (CP) 41 precaecal digestion 77–78
body content 136 substitution for starch 242–243
caecal content level 47 total 75–76, 91
diet formulation 90 transit time 323
dietary level 141 type 80, 83, 243–244
digestibility 42, 98 VFAs 81–82
ileal digestibility 43–45 water-holding capacity 77
milk content 137 dietary fibre/starch ratio 200
requirements 134 dietary nutritive value, substitution rate 93
soft faeces 48, 49 digesta
cutin 69, 80 movement 6
cyanides 280 retention time 202, 218
cystine digestibility assays 91–92
Angora rabbit requirements 302–303 digestible energy (DE) 89
pet rabbit requirements 322 coefficient of variation 92
dietary level 11, 112
dietary modification for thermal stress
daily weight gain (DWG) 255, 256 alleviation 286
DCP/DE ratio 133 dietary protein ratio 245
rabbit diets 139–140 digestible crude protein ratio 139
deoxynivalenol 236 digestible protein relationship 133
diarrhoea 198, 199, 203 efficiency of utilization 114, 115, 116,
diet 117, 119
complete 91–92 energy 301
336 Index

digestible energy (DE) continued empty body gain (EBG) 112–113, 114
errors in determination 95, 98 energy
feed formulation 249, 250 balance
feedstuffs 98 lactation 119
intake and fibre levels of diet 242, 243 pregnancy 121
intake variation 108 reproduction 119
lactation requirements 120 comparative slaughter technique 115
maintenance requirements (DEm) deficit
109–111 lactation 124, 125
measurement 103–104 pregnancy 116, 120
milk production 118–119 dietary concentration 111–115
nutritional value of feedstuffs 280 efficiency
pet rabbit diet 324, 325, 326 temperature effects 281–282
requirements 116 utilization for growth 114
sugar beet 93, 94 feed concentration 245, 266–267
system for energy estimation 105 imbalance 198–204
voluntary intake 107, 108, 117 intake
digestible energy intake (DEI) 109 heat production 277
dietary concentration 112, 113, 114 stimulation 121–122
feed intake 123 lactation 115, 119
milk production 122–123 loss associated with urine (UE) 104, 105
digestible protein (DP) lost as heat (HE) 106
dietary energy ratio 245 maintenance 108–109
utilization efficiency 136 metabolism 107–125, 126, 127
digestive disorders 197, 198 pregnancy 116
caecum 199 nutrient requirements 249, 250
digestive efficiency, pet rabbits 314 partition 115
digestive reservoir, pet rabbits 313 pet rabbit requirements 325
digestive system of rabbit 1 rabbit meat content 145
age-related changes 2–3 requirements 107–125, 126, 127
anatomy 1–2 body composition measurements 107
disease symptoms 328 calorimetric methods of
does estimation 106
breeding and climatic environment comparative slaughter
284–287 technique 106–107
feed intake 264 estimation methods 105–107
feeding 261, 262–263 growth 111–115
dressing percentage 177, 180 long-term feeding experiments
dressing proportion 105–106
dietary fibre level 184–185 maintenance 109–110
growth rate 190 reproduction 115
drinking water units 103–105
acidification 165 utilization efficiency 108–109
equipment 265 voluntary intake 107
filtering 265 energy-demanding behaviour 275
free access 284 enteritis 198–199
pet rabbits 313, 321 water acidification 265
see also water intake enterobacteria 236
dry matter (DM) enterotoxaemia, Angora rabbits 305
digestibility 104 enzymes 2, 166–167
milk 117–118 feed additives 232–233
ergocalciferol 158
Escherichia coli 236
ears essential amino acids (EAA)
heat conservation 275–276 dietary requirements 246
heat dissipation 278 growth 185–186
efficiency of energy utilization 108–109 essential fatty acids (EFA) 56–57, 58
empty body balance, low-energy diet 127 pet rabbit requirements 324–325
 Index 337

ether extract digestibility (EEd) 60, 61 evaluation

fat level 61, 62 methodology 91–95, 96–97, 98
expansion 229, 230 units 89–91
extrusion 227–229 FCR 266–267
pellet comparision 256, 257 intake
process 20 capacity 185
starch effects 28 digestible energy intake (DEI) 123
hot environment 276, 282
intensive production 263–265
faeces voluntary 107–108, 122, 127, 313
differentiation between soft and hard 7 labelling 237
vitamin K content 160 management 261–263
see also hard faeces; soft faeces manufacturer 177
fasting metabolizable energy 281
Angora rabbits 306 mixtures 177
pet rabbits 311 number of diets 260, 261
fasting metabolism 113 nutritive values 92–95, 96–97, 98,
fats 280–281
dietary 59–60, 204 producer 177
dietary composition 191 rate of passage 11–12
digestibility determination 60 restriction 183–184
digestion efficiency 60 in Angora rabbits 304–306
emulsification 58–59 retention time 11–12
energy concentration of feeds 245 storage 260
feed incorporation 282 substitution rate 92–93
fibrous diet addition 245 weighing 219–220
level 61–63 see also additives
maximum content in compound feeds 90 feed conversion ratio (FCR)
melting point 57 diet presentation 255
pellet quality 223 environmental conditions 267–268
pet rabbit requirements 324–325 factors influencing 266–267
physical properties 55, 56, 57 feed characteristics 266–267
quality of dietary 190–192 intensive production 265–268
rabbit feeds 58 technical 266
source 61–63 feed formulation 241–242
storage composition 191 amino acid requirements 246–248
structure 55–56 energy concentration 245
unsaturation 57 fibre substitution for starch 242–243
fatty acids fibre type 243–244
de novo synthesis 60 nutrient concentration 248–250, 251
digestibility 62–63 protein to energy ratio 245–246
endogenous 191 feed manufacturing 215
long-chain 58, 59 conditioning 227
medium-chain 58 cross-contamination 221
non-esterified (NEFA) 59 double pelleting 229–230
polyunsaturated 55, 63 expansion 229, 230
saturated 55 extrusion 227–229
structure 55–57 feed presentation 233
unsaturated 55, 63 good manufacturing practice 234
see also essential fatty acids (EFA) grinding 215–216, 217, 218, 219
feed heat treatment 228
climate effects on digestibility 281 labelling 237
composition 96–97, 98, 241 liquid additives 231–233
performance enhancement 282, 283 liquid injection 221
dry matter content 260 microingredients 220
efficiency mixers 221
growth factors 190 mixing 220–222
open air systems 287 molasses 222
338 Index

feed manufacturing continued raw materials 257–258

particle size 218, 219 gross energy (GE) 103
particles 221 growth
pelleting 215, 222–225, 226, 227 allometry 179
process 28, 29 anabolism 184
processing control 237–238 compensatory 184
quality control 215, 220–221, 233–234 dietary fibre level 184–185
raw materials 234–237 efficiency 136
weighing 219–220 energy requirements 111–115
feeding essential amino acids 185–186
equipment for pet rabbits 312–313 liver function 184
guide for pet rabbits 311–312 lysine levels 186
level and meat quality 183–184 performance 191
management of Angora rabbits 304–306 protein content of diet 187–188
pattern and growth rate 189–190 protein requirements 135–136
regimes 261–263 rate
restriction and nutritional deficit 121 effects on meat 180, 181
systems for intensive production feeding pattern 189–190
255–268 relative of body components 178–179
fibre digestion 69 rules 178–180, 188
fines 224–225, 230 growth factors 190
flavophospholipol 267 growth promoters 166, 267
flavoproteins 162–163
flavours, dietary 192–193
fluorine 151 hair balls
flushing 261 Angora rabbits 306
folic acid 155, 161–162 pet rabbits 311
food consumption 107, 260 hard faeces
diet presentation 255 composition 8, 9
forage, nutritional value 280 excretion 5, 6
fructo-oligosaccharides 267 hay
fructose 17, 18 lucerne 243–244, 318
fructose-1, 6-diP aldolase/isocitrate pet rabbit feeding 313, 318
dehydrogenase ratio 190 health 197–198
fungi 205 heat
fur types of pet rabbits 313 conservation by ears 275–276
Fusarium 206, 236 dissipation 276
heat increment (HI) 275, 276
nutrition of does 286
α-galactosides 19, 71 roughage 283
galacturonic acids 203 heat loss
glucagon, body reserves 116 Angora rabbits 298
β-glucanases 167 total evaporative 278
glucans, mixed linked 73 heat production
α-glucans see starch energy intake 277
β-glucans 71, 77 enhancement with fibre 283
glucose 17 heat stress 274, 278
absorption 18 animal productivity 278
caecal input 201 feed intake 284–285
serum levels 29 reproductive effects 284
glucosinolates, raw materials for feeds 235 hemicellulose 32, 70, 71, 72, 73
glycoproteins, PCW 69 degradability 80
good manufacturing practice 234 intake 203
greens for pet rabbit feeding 316, 317 Holmen pellet tester 231
grinders 216, 217, 218 homeothermic animals 275
grinding 215–216, 217, 218, 219 hot environment
dietary fibre 323 adaptation 278
mills 215–216 feed intake 282
 Index 339

housing, pet rabbits 312 intake 126

humidity, ambient 273 loss 119
hydrocarbonase, microbial 77 output 117–119
hydrolases 167 requirements 115
faeces excretion 5
feeding 127
Iberia test 279 does 262–263
ICPD/CPD ratio 43, 44 nutritional deficit 121
ileal digestibility 10 phosphorus requirements 148
coefficient of crude protein (ICPD) 43 protein requirements 139–140
ileo-rectal mean retention time (i-r MRT) 78 simultaneous pregnancy 124
ileum, partial fibre digestion 77 milk protein levels 137
indigestible dietary fibre (IDF) 322–323 lactose 17–18
pet rabbit diet 324, 326 latent heat of evaporation 278
intensive production legumes
conservation of feeds 259–260 antinutritive factors 319
diet presentation 255–257 protein 40
double pelleting 258 levan 19
dry matter content of feed 260 lighting schedules 273
feed conversion ratio 265–268 lignification 76, 79
feed intake 263–265 lignin 69, 70, 72, 73–74
feed management 261–263 degradability 80
feeding systems 255–268 DF content 76
food storage 259–260 dietary 243
number of diets 260, 261 networks 74
pellet quality 258–259 see also ADL
pellet size 259 lignocellulose 201, 203
pelleting 255–256 lignosulphonates 258
raw material grinding 257–258 linseed 319
water intake 263–265 lipases 2, 58
intestinal disease diagnosis 198 lipids 55, 56
intestinal fermentation gases (GasE) 104 classification 56
intestinal flora 3–5 dietary 204
inulin 19 digestibility 61
invertase 3 liquids, thermoresistant 232
iodine 151, 154 litters, climatic environment 284–287
number 57 liver, growth anabolism 184
ionophore drugs 165 liveweight gain 289
iota-enterotoxaemia 33 locust bean 319
iron 151–152 lower critical temperature (LCT) 276, 277
drinking water 265 lucerne hay 243–244, 318
lysine
Angora rabbit requirements 302
Joules 103 growth 186
milk content 140
pet rabbit requirements 322
keratin 299 soft faeces 49
lysine hydrochloride 150

lactase 3
lactate in caecotrophy prevention 22 macrominerals 146–151
lactation dietary recommendations 149
body energy deficit 124, 125 magnesium 145, 146, 150
calcium 146, 148 maize 318
DE requirements 120 males, feeding 261–262
energy maltase 3, 22
balance 119, 126 maltotriose 18
excretion 117–119 management systems 260
340 Index

manganese 151, 265 energy concentration/output 118

mating interval 124 intake 2
meal diet 255 nutritional intake 34
meat production
age effects 180–181 protein requirements 137–138
ash content 145 rate 117
bacterial contamination 177 mills 230
body weight effects 180 grinders 216, 217, 218
energy content 145 weighing scales 219
growth rate 180, 181 minerals
growth rules 178–180 Angora rabbit requirements 303–304
hygienic properties 177 drinking water 207–209
organoleptic properties 177, 191, 192 maximum dietary levels 204, 205
properties 178 pet rabbit
protein content 145 diet 324
rheological properties 177 requirements 326–327
vitamin content 155 requirements 145–146
meat quality toxic dietary levels 204–207
definition 177–182 mixers, feed manufacturing 221
determination 177–182 mixing feed 220–222
diet 177 molasses 232
dietary factors 182–193 diet presentation 256
dietary fat quality 190–192 feed manufacturing 222
dietary fibre 184–185 molybdenum 151, 152, 153
dietary flavours 192–193 moulds 205, 236, 237
fat types in diet 191–192 feed storage 259–260
feeding level 183–184 muscle
growth factors 190 development 181–182
growth general rules 188 fibre types 182
nutritional 177 functional differentiation 181, 182
protein/energy ratio 186–190 growth 181–182
safety 177 lipid content 180
storage fat composition 191–192 metabolic activity 182
sulphur amino acids 186 metabolic differentiation 181, 182
metabolizable energy (ME) 89, 103 morphological differentiation 181, 182
Angora rabbits 302–305 muscle/bone ratio of carcass 180
calculation 104 muscular dystrophy 159
corrected to N equilibrium (MEn) 89 mycotoxicoses 205–206
feeds 281 mycotoxins 205–207, 236–237
intake (MEI) 106, 108–109, 277 myoblast fusion 182
milk efficiency of utilization 118
requirements 282, 283
for maintenance (MEm) 108 neonatal animals
system for energy estimation 105 heat production 279–280
value 104–105 temperature control 279
methane production 281 nephrotoxins 206–207
methionine net energy (NE) 89, 103, 105
Angora rabbit requirements 302–303 neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 202
pet rabbit requirements 322 caecal microbial degradation rate 79–80
soft faeces 49 caecal pH 83
methylclorpindol 165 CCW effects 79
microbiological analysis 236 digestibility 81
microingredients, feed 220 faecal digestibility 30, 31
microminerals 151–154 feed content 243, 244
microscopy 236 fibre type 80
milk lignification 79
caloric value 118 precaecal digestion 77
digestible energy of production 118–119 niacin 155, 163
 Index 341

nitrates 209, 265 shape 225, 226, 227

nitrites 209, 265 testing 258
nitrogen pelleting 215, 218, 222–225, 226, 227
bound to acid detergent fibre benefits 255–256
(N-ADF) 41 binders 225, 258
catabolism 321 costs 255
digestibility 280 die 224
metabolism in caecum 45–47 double 229–230, 258
non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) 59 fines 224–225
non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) 70, 72, 75, intensive production 255–256
76, 167 particle size 218
precaecal digestion 77 rollers 224
nutrients steam 258
allowances and climatic pellets
environment 281–284 extruded diet comparison 256, 257
imbalance 197, 198–204 feeding with fresh vegetable
requirements of pet rabbits 321–328 materials 256
utilization efficiency limitation 280 meal diet comparison 255
nutritional requirements of Angora pet rabbit feeding 319
rabbits 298–304 size 233, 259
nutritional value of feedstuffs 280–281 Penicillium 207, 236
pentosans 77
pentoses 203
ochratoxin 206, 207 performance
1,25-OH D3 146 enhancement by feed composition 282,
oil cake 319 283
oil seeds, protein 40 nutritional imbalance 197
oils, melting point 57 peripheral blood vessels,
oligosaccharidases 167 vasoconstriction 275–276
oligosaccharides 17–19, 71 pet rabbits 309–310
definition 18 caecotrophy 314
probiotics 166 diet specifications 327
organic matter digestibility (dMO) 84 digestive efficiency 314
osteocalcin 159 digestive reservoir 313
osteomalacia 149, 158 drinking water 321
oxalates, nutrient utilization efficiency fasting 311
limitation 280 feeding
oxytetracycline 267 equipment 312–313
guide 311–312
management 310–313
pantothenic acid 155, 164 time 310
parathyroid hormone 146 food presentation 328
particle size of feed 218, 219 fresh food 311–312
particles, feed manufacturing 221 fur types 313
pea haulm 318 hay feeding 313
peas, pet rabbit feeding 318–319 housing 312
pectic substances 69–70, 71, 72, 73 nutrient requirements 321–328
pectinase 77, 167 nutritional ailments 328
pectins 32, 70, 77 raw materials for feeding 314–315, 316,
intake 203 317–321
pellet quality 230–231 soft faecal pellets 314
cooling 258–259 voluntary food intake 313
defects 225 water quality 321
durability 230–231 phenolic acids 74
fines 230 phenolic compounds, protein utilization 84
hardness 225, 230–231, 258 phosphorus 145, 146, 147–149
intensive production 258–259 dietary levels 148
raw materials 223–224 excess 149
342 Index

phosphorus continued digestibility 39, 40–42

pet rabbit requirements 326 capacity 321
requirements 147, 149 feedstuff evaluation 94
utilization 147 first gestation 138–139
physiological state, fat digestion efficiency growth requirements 135–136
63–64 ileal flow 204
phytates 147 lactation requirements 139–140
phytohaemagglutinins 319 leaf 39
plant cell wall (PCW) 69 maximum content of compound feeds
composition 80 89
constituents 72, 202–203 nutritional imbalance 197
secondary 70 PCW 70
structure 73 pet rabbit
polypeptide chains 39 feeding 318–319
polysaccharides 17 requirements 321–322
PCW 69 pregnancy levels 138–139
water-soluble 71 quality effects on meat quality 185–186
see also non-starch polysaccharides rabbit meat content 145
(NSP) requirements 133–134
polyunsaturated fat, exogenous lipids 191 does 137–139
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) 55, retention 136
63 pregnancy 138–139
post partum (PP) mating 119, 124 seed 39
post-grinding 216, 218 sources 39–40
posture, thermoregulation 275 see also crude protein (CP); DCP/DE
potassium 145, 146 ratio; digestible protein (DP)
deficiency 150 protein–tannin complexes 280
pre-grinding 216 protein/energy ratio
pre-weaning mortality 285–286 feed formulation 245–246
pregnancy 115–117 meat quality 186–190
amino acid retention 138 purity evaluation for raw materials 234–235
body protein levels 139 pyridoxine 155, 163–164
calcium levels 146
concurrent lactation 117, 119, 124
energy balance 119 quality assurance, feed manufacturing 234
energy deficit 120 quality controls for feed manufacturing
milk yield 137 233–234
protein retention 138–139
simultaneous lactation 137, 139
premixes 220 rabbit feeds, fats 58
premyoblasts 181–182 raw material controls for feeds 234–237
probiotics 166, 267 chemical analysis 235–236
processing conditions 177 microbiological analysis 236
processing control for feedstuffs 237–238 microscopy 236
processor 177 raw materials for feeding
propionate 4 grinding 257–258
prostaglandins 7 pet rabbits 314–315, 316, 317–321
proteases 167 succulents 315, 316, 317–318
protein reproduction
Angora rabbit requirements 302 energy balance 119, 119–124
balance in does 138 energy requirements 115
denaturation 227–228 respiratory disorders 284
dietary deficiency 203–204 retained energy (RE) 106–107, 110
dietary effects dietary concentration 112
carcass/meat values 186, 187 retention time, digesta in gut 218
growth rate 187 retrogradation 20
dietary excess 203 riboflavin 155, 162
dietary level 133 rickets 148–149, 158
 Index 343

robenidine 165 pre-weaning mortality 34

roots, pet rabbit feeding 316, 317–318 terminal ileum 26, 27
roughage, pet rabbit feeding 318 stomach 1–2
origin of contents 10
pH 21
salinomycin 165 proteolytic activity 3
Salmonella 228, 236 weight of contents 9–10
selenium 151, 153–154 storage, feed 260
mixing in feed 220 strain of rabbit, FCR 266
vitamin E 159 straw, pet rabbit feeding 318
sepiolites 258 substitution rate
sieves 218 dietary nutritive value 93
silica 69, 74 feedstuffs 92–93
silos, feed 260 succulents, pet rabbit feeding 315, 316,
skin, vasodilatation 276 317–318
slaughter sugars
weight 266 digestion 17
yield 255 simple 17–19
soaps, faecal 60 sulphur 145, 146, 151, 152
sodium 145, 146, 150 drinking water 265
sodium chloride 150 sulphur amino acids (SAA) 140
soft faeces keratin 299
amino acid content 49–50, 140 meat quality 186
amylase 21 sunflower seeds 319
composition 8, 9
CP intake 49
excretion 5, 6 T-2 toxin 206
mucus envelope 7–8 tannins 74, 319
pet rabbits 314 crude protein digestibility 44
phosphorus recycling 147 nutrient utilization efficiency
production 8, 9–10 limitation 280
protein digestibility 322 protein utilization 84
protein reutilization 47–50 raw materials for feeds 235
recognition 8 temperature
starch 19–34 ambient 273
caecal fermentation 23, 27–28 humidity index (THI) 273, 274
consumption 202 lower critical 276, 277
determination methods 20 thermogenic activity of brown fat 279
dietary upper critical 276–277
for adult rabbits 23 see also body temperature
for young rabbits 24 terpenic hydrocarbons 192
dietary fibre interactions 202 thermal insulation, Angora rabbits 298
digestion 17, 21, 23 thermal stress 275
and caeco-colic segment 30 alleviation by diet 286
faecal digestibility 23, 24, 25–26 Angora rabbits 285
faecal losses 24 animal productivity 278
feed extrusion 28 protein/energy ratio 281–282
fermentation in young rabbits 32–34 readaptation 279
fibre substitution in feed 242–243 recovery 279
gelatinization 223, 228, 229 resistance prediction 279
granule 19, 20 thermogenic activity, brown fat 279
ileal digestibility 23, 24 thermoneutral zone (TNZ) 273, 275–280
intestinal digestion 22, 26, 27 thermoregulation, posture 275
nutrient requirements 249, 250 thiamine 155, 162
nutritional supply 200 threonine 140
pelleting ability 223 dietary level 246, 248
pet rabbit requirements 325 soft faeces 49
post-weaning mortality 32, 33, 34 thymol 192
344 Index

trace element requirements 250, 251 vitamins

transit time Angora rabbit requirements 303–304
caecotrophy 11 fat-soluble 155–160
dietary fibre 323 maximum dietary levels 204, 205
trichobezoar 306, 311 pet rabbit requirements 325–326
trichothecenes 206, 236 requirements 155–164, 250, 251
triglycerides 55 thermal stability 228
chylomicrons 59 water-soluble 155, 160–164
digestion 58–60 see also B vitamins
emulsification 58–59 volatile fatty acids (VFA) 4, 5, 81–82
synthesis 56 caecal 82
utilization 58–60 caecal content concentration 10–11
triiodothyronine 147 faeces excretion 7
trypsin 3 oligosaccharide feed
inhibitors 319 supplementation 166
tryptophan 163, 249 pet rabbit requirements 323–324
voluntary feed intake 107–108
pet rabbits 313
unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) 55, 63 vomitoxin 206
upper critical temperature (UCT) 276–277
urea recycling 46
urinary loss of metabolizable energy 281 water intake
intensive production 263–265
restriction 264, 284
vasoconstriction, peripheral blood see also drinking water
vessels 275–276 water quality 207–209, 264–265
vasodilation, skin 276 bacterial pollution 207
vegetable materials, fresh 256 chemical composition 208
vitamin A 155–158 chlorine purification 265
Angora rabbits 303–304 pet rabbits 321
pet rabbit requirements 326 water-insoluble cell wall content (WICW) 74
toxicity 156 weaned rabbits
vitamin B12 154, 220 feeding regime 263
see also B vitamins temperature effects 287, 288
vitamin C 155, 160 weighing feed 219–220
vitamin D 146, 155, 158
Angora rabbits 304
hypervitaminosis 304 xylanase 77, 167
pet rabbit requirements 327 xyloglucans 73
toxicity 158
vitamin E 159
deficiency 159 yeasts 166, 236
pet rabbit requirements 326
vitamin H 162
vitamin K 159–160, 228–229 zearalenone 206, 236
pet rabbit requirements 325 zinc 151, 153