8/27/2020

Presented in Eco Support Seminar,

Ruang Komisi Utama, Gd BPPT, Jakarta 19 Januari 2019 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Strategic Value of Oil Palm in Indonesia
Larges CPO Producer in the world (35 mill ton per annum) No Non Renewables Renewables
→ Largest Liquid waste Producer (Palm Oil Mill Effluent, 1 Oil → Fuel Sinar Matahari → Electricity
Introduction
POME) 2 Gas → Fuel Tenaga Angin → Electricity
→ Largest Solid Waste Producer (Biomass)
3 Coal → Fuel Panas Bumi → Electricity
National Oil Palm Industries 4 Peat → Fuel Tenaga Air → Electricity
POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF BIOREFINERY Oil Palm Tree 5 CBM → Fuel Energi Ombak → Electricity
Oil Shale → Fuel Thermal Samudra → Electricity
TECHNOLOGY IN PALM OIL MILLS Scenarios of Biorefinery Implementation on Oil Palm Industry
Not only CPO, biomass
waste (either on farm
6
7
wastes or palm oil mill Biomassa → Electricity
wastes) and liquid → Fuel
Dr Edi Hilmawan Analysis on Economic Potential of Product Diversification through Biorefinery waste (POME) of Palm
Oil Processing are
Pusat Pengkajian Industri Proses dan Energi - BPPT strategic alternative for
All of Fossil Energy is a Fuel Resources.
fuel resources in the
Concluding Remark future
Almost of Renewable resources are for Electricity Resources,
Only Biomass can be both of Fuel and Electricity

OIL PALM PROCESSING

DISTRIBUTION OF PALM OIL PRODUCTION (PRODUCTS & WASTES)
Palm Tree
Palm Oil Mill

National Oil Palm Productivity 1995-2016

PRODUCTS

Tandan Buah Sawit

Limbah
Kebun CPO

Batang Kayu (Trunks)

EMPTY FRUIT PALM FIBER PALM OIL MILL

Total Area (2017) Total Production (2017) Productivity (2017) TBS: 11,87 ton/Ha Palm Oil Production mainly in Sumatera and Kalimantan Island PALM SHELL BUNCH EFFLUENT
12.307.677 Ha CPO 35.359.384 ton CPO : 2,87 ton/Ha Production in Sulawesi and Papua is lowe KERNEL
PKO 7.071.877 ton CPO + PKO : 3,44 ton/Ha Jawa (except Banten) and small islands almost have no Palm Oil Production Pelepah (Fronds)
WASTE (diproses menjadi PKO)

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POTENTIAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT FROM PALM

UTILIZATION OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY READINESS LEVEL
Liquid CPO Plant Drying
Waste Syngas, MeOH, DME TRL : Technology Readiness Level (1- 9 Scale)
MECHANICAL
Size Reduction
PROCESS
Bio-oil Palm Based Biorefinery Technology
Densification Pellets, Briquettes
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) No Technology TRL No Technology TRL
Bio-H2 Solid
Wastes 1 Pellets dan Briqutte 8 9 Hydrogen & Syngas 4
Degumming, Decolorization, Direct Combustion Steam, Heat
Deodorisation Desaphonification 2 Bioethanol 4 10 Biogas 9
Neutralization Pyrolysis Fuel gas, Bio-oil, Char
Biogas 3 Torrefaction 4 11 Compost 9
Biomass
Plant Oil (RBDPO) HDO Power THERMO-CHEMICAL 4 BioChar 6 12 Food & Ruminants 4
Plant BIOMASS Gasification Synthesis gas
PROCESS 5 Fast Pyrolysis 6 13 Chemicals 3
Biohythane Pure Plant Oil Trans-esterification Liquefaction Hydrocarbons, Bio-oil
(PPO/SVO) Bioethanol 6 Bio-composite 5 14 Enzyme 3
Isomerization
7 Pulp & Paper 4 15 Phenol from Effl. 3
Co-Firing Steam, Heat
Biodiesel 8 Bio-Plastic 4 18 Electricity 9
Bio-CNG Diesel Oil Green Petroleum
Fermentation Alcohol A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes
PXX : X% of PPO in BIOLOGICAL
PX BY Mixed Fuels
and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals
PROCESS
BYY : Y% of Biodiesel Anaerobic Digestion Biogas, Fertilizer from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today's petroleum
Fuel engine with low RPM, Fuel engine with any in Mixed Fuels refinery, which produce multiple fuels and products from petroleum
Static (Boiler, Genset) RPM (i.e. Vehicle) Source : Kerdsuwan et al, 2011

PALM OIL MILL MASS BALANCE BASELINE (W/O POWER GENERATION) BASELINE (W POWER GENERATION)
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
100 ton FFB
Feed Stock : Oil Product: Oil
CPOProduct:
205.0 kg
FFB 100 ton FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL CPO 240 kg FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL CPO
Kernel 42.0 kg240 kg
Steam Condensate 37,9 ton Oil Product: Biomass Biomass
EFB 215.0 kg
STERILIZATION
CPO 24,0 ton EFB 210 kg Shell Electricity EFB
Fiber 35.6 kg210 kg
Water 600 kg Fiber
55,0 ton PKO 2,3 ton Water Steam POME Kernel 50 kg 89.4 kg 45 kg 22.0 kWh POME Kernel& lmpur
Losses 506.0
kg kg
POME: 78,1 ton Fiber 144 kg Evap water 667.0
Fiber 54.6 kg
kg
THRESHER EFB 21,0 ton 600 kg 550 kg 781 kg Steam 781 kg
Ashes 5.7 kg
Condensat 37,9 ton Shell 64 kg 550 kg Shell 19 kg
Effluent 40,2 ton
DIGESTER & Biomass: 44,5 ton
Water Press Cake 26,3 ton Water 1150 kg L P Boiler Treated POME 492.3 kg Treated POME 492.3 kg
EXTRACTION EFB 21,0 ton Wastewater L P Boiler Electricity 30.6 kWh Wastewater
60.0 ton Fuel Sludge 26.2 kg Water 550 kg Sludge 26.2 kg
Nut 11,9 ton Fiber 14,4 ton Treatment Steam Turbine Treatment
64,2 ton DEPRICARPER Shell 6,4 ton Evap./Loss 261.5 kg Evap./Loss 261.5 kg
OIL
RIPLE MILL Shell 6,4 ton PKM 2,7 ton
Effluent CLARIFIER Water Evap/Losses 66.1 ton
Electricity Electricity 5.5 kWh Electricity 14.1kWh
40,2 ton Kernel 5,0 ton 22.0 kWh Diesel 1.0 kg Electric
Utility
24,0 ton CPO 14,4 ton Fiber Water 55 ton
PRESSING PKM 2,7 ton
Steam 60 ton
Data diolah dari sumber : Hambali, et al, 2010 Electricity 2200 kWh
PKO 2,3 ton

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SCENARIO 1 BIOGAS POWER GENERATION SCENARIO 2 BIOGAS + COMPOST PLANT SCENARIO 3 BIOGAS + COGENERATION
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Oil Product: Oil Product: Oil Product:
CPO 240 kg CPO 240 kg CPO 240 kg
FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL Biomass
FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL Biomass
FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL Biomass
Shell Electricity POME
EFB 210 kg Shell Electricity POME
EFB -- kg EFB, Fiber, Shell, Electricity POME
EFB -- kg
Water 600 kg Fiber Water 600 kg Water 600 kg
64 kg 22.0 kWh 781 kg Kernel 50 kg 64 kg 22.0 kWh 781 kg Kernel 50 kg 418 kg Steam 22.0 kWh 781 kg Kernel 50 kg
89.4 kg
Fiber 54.6 kg Fiber Fiber -- kg 550 kg 25 kWh Fiber -- kg
Steam Steam Pretreatment
Anerobic Shell 19 kg 89.4 kg Anerobic Shell 19 kg Anerobic
550 kg 550 kg
Biogas Lagoon Sludge 13.1 kg Biogas Lagoon Sludge 13.1 kg 235 kg Biogas Lagoon Sludge 13.1 kg
17.45 m3 17.45 m3 Condenser 17.45 m3
L P Boiler Electricity 30.6 kWh L P Boiler Electricity
Treated POME 106 kg Steam
Water 550 kg Treated POME 474.7 kg Water 550 kg 30.6 kWh Water 550 kg Treated POME 474.7 kg
Steam Turbine Facultative Steam Turbine Facultative Sludge 13.1 kg 785 kg Facultative
Sludge 13.1 kg H P Boiler Sludge 13.1 kg
Lagoon El.
Lagoon Evap./Loss 261.5 kg EFB 210 kg Electricity 125 kWh Lagoon
Evap./Loss 261.5 kg Steam Turbine Evap./Loss 261.5 kg
27.6 kWh
Electricity 41.6 kWh
Fiber 144 kg
Electricity Electricity Shell 64 kg Electricity
5.5 kWh 5.5 kWh Biogas Dig POME 5.5 kWh
Electricity 41.6 kWh Electricity 111 kWh
Diesel 1.0 kg Electric Diesel 1.0 kg Electric Engine 381 kg El. Diesel 1.0 kg Electric
Fiber EFB 0.1 kWh
Biogas 54.6 kg 210 kg Biogas
El. 27.5 kWh Engine Compost 175.6 kg El. 27.6 kWh Engine
COMPOSTING Water 421 kg

SCENARIO 4 BIOGAS + PELLET SCENARIO 5 BIOGAS + PYROLISIS PLANT COMPARISON AMONG SCENARIOS, PLANT 30 TPH
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
2. Biogas + 3. Biogas +
4. Biogas + 5. Biogas +
Oil Product: Oil Product: Products Baseline 1. Biogas Compost Cogeneration
Pellet Plant Pyrolisis Plant
CPO 240 kg CPO 240 kg Plant Plant
FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL Biomass
FFB 1000 kg PALM OIL MILL Biomass
EFB -- kg EFB -- kg
CPO (ton) 34,560 34,560 34,560 34,560 34,560 34,560
Shell Electricity POME Shell Electricity POME
Water 600 kg Kernel 50 kg Water 600 kg Kernel 50 kg EFB (ton) 30,240 30,240
45 kg 22.0 kWh 781 kg 45 kg 22.0 kWh 781 kg
Fiber Fiber -- kg Fiber Fiber -- kg
Steam Steam Kernel (ton) 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200 7,200
89.4 kg 550 kg
Anerobic 89.4 kg 550 kg
Anerobic
Biogas Lagoon Sludge 13.1 kg Biogas Lagoon Sludge 13.1 kg Shell (ton) 2,736 2,736 2,736
17.45 m3 17.45 m3
L P Boiler Electricity
Treated POME 106 kg L P Boiler Electricity
Treated POME 106 kg
Fiber (ton) 7,862 7,862
Water 550 kg 30.6 kWh Water 550 kg 30.6 kWh
Steam Turbine Facultative Sludge 13.1 kg Steam Turbine Facultative Sludge 13.1 kg Electricity (MWH) 2,030 5,990 5,990 15,984 337 2,536
El.
Lagoon Evap./Loss 261.5 kg El.
Lagoon Evap./Loss 261.5 kg
27.6 kWh 27.6 kWh Compost (ton) 25,286
Electricity 2.34 kWh Electricity 17,61 kWh
Electricity
Dig POME
Electricity
Dig POME
Pellet (ton) 18,504 -
5.5 kWh Biogas 5.5 kWh Biogas
381 kg 381 kg
Diesel 1.0 kg Electric Engine El. Diesel 1.0 kg Electric EFB Engine El. Biochar (ton) 6,507
EFB 39.2 kWh 23.98 kWh
210 kg Biooil (ton) 8,856
210 kg
Fiber PELLET 128.5 kg Gas Fiber Bio Char 45.19 kg
54.6 kg Shell PELET PLANT 29.4 kg 54.6 kg Shell PYROLISIS PLANT
Moisture,dust 155.1 kg Biooil 61.5 kg Assumption: CF:80%, 6000 hr/year
19 kg 19 kg
Moisture,dust 147.41 kg

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ECONOMIC OF THE PRODUCTS CONCLUSION

• Transformation from Palm Oil Mill into Biorefinery Plant bring a opportunity for the
2. Biogas + 3. Biogas + factory to obtain additional revenue either from product diversification or process
4. Biogas + 5. Biogas +
Products Baseline 1. Biogas Compost Cogeneration
Plant Plant
Pellet Plant Pyrolisis Plant efficiency improvement
CPO 239,016,960 239,016,960 239,016,960 239,016,960 239,016,960 239,016,960 • Among selected scenarios, scenario of biogas combining with composting plant is
Electricity 2,131,920 6,289,920 6,289,920 16,783,200 353,808 2,662,632 the most interesting scenario due to good price of compost and cheaper installation
Compost of the plant.
5,057,280
- -
• For scenarios to sell electricity, application of cogeneration technology combined
Pellet 33,111,983
with biogas is the most electricity production scenario.
Biochar 65,073,600
Biooil 119,556,000
• Further advanced biorefinery technology need to be assessed to obtain more
Dalam Ribu Rp
products from the CPO or its wastes with higher added value

CPO : USD 532/kg, Kompos: Rp 200/kg, Listrik : Rp 1050/kWh, Pellet :USD 137,65 /ton, Biochar: Rp. 10.000/kg, Biooil: Rp 10.800/lt

REFERENSI
1. J.A. Garcia-Nunez et al.: “Evaluation of alternatives for the evolution of palm oil mills into
biorefineries”, Biomass and Bioenergy, 95 (2016), pp. 310-329,
2. Muhammad Ansori Nasution et al.:” Analysis of Palm Biomass as Electricity from Palm Oil Mills in
North Sumatera”,Energy Procedia, 47 ( 2014 ), pp. 166 – 172
3. Edi Hilmawan: “Energi Terbarukan dari Sumber Daya Hayati Indonesia: Teknologi dan
Tantangannya”, Indonesia Chemical Engineering Challenge (IChEC) 2017, ITB, 25 Februari 2017,
4. Pusdatin Kementan: “Outlook Kelapa Sawit” (2016)
5. Ditjen Perkebunan, Kementan: “STATISTIK PERKEBUNAN INDONESIA 2015 – 2017” (2016)

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