Proper (liturgy)
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The proper (Latin: proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies
according to the date, either representing an observance within the liturgical
year, or of a particular saint or significant event. The term is used in contrast
to the ordinary, which is that part of the liturgy that is reasonably constant, or
at least selected without regard to date, or to the common, which contains
those parts of the liturgy that are common to an entire category of saints, such
as apostles or martyrs.
Propers may include hymns and prayers in the canonical hours and in
the Eucharist.
West[edit]
See also: Order of Mass § Proprium
The proper of the mass, strictly speaking, consists of
the Introit, Gradual, Alleluia or Tract, Sequence, Offertory, and Communion -
in other words, all the variable portions of a mass which are spoken or sung
by the choir or the people. These are sometimes called the "minor propers" to
distinguish them from the collect, secret, postcommunion, and readings - in
other words, all the variable portions of a mass which are spoken or sung by
the priest or other attendants, such as a lector or deacon. In Roman
Catholic and Anglo-Catholic practice, there is a moveable portion of the
service that, strictly speaking, does not form part of the proper known as
the Accentus. Portions of the Accentus are often referred to as part of the
"proper" if they satisfy the criteria of changing by date (such as the Preface
and Epistle).
Eastern Churches[edit]
In the Byzantine Rite, the propers are numerous and are drawn from a large
collection of liturgical books, including
the Euchologion, Horologion, Octoechos, and Menaion. During the ten-week
period of Lent, propers are also drawn from the Lenten Triodion, and during
the eight weeks after Easter, from the Pentecostarion. There are certain other
books of propers as well for more specific applications, such as
the Theotokarion.
The Typikon describes how the propers are to be used—and when
commemorations overlap, how the propers are to be combined and which
propers may suppress others. Each local jurisdiction has slightly different
methods for laying out their services, but the following table outlines the basic
propers for the services of the Eastern Orthodox and Greek-
Catholic churches.
Service Variables
• Stichera (hymns on the verses) at Lord, I Have Cried (Psalms 140,
141, 129, and 116)
• Evening Prokeimenon (gradual)
Vespers • Paroemia (readings, usually from the Old Testament)
• Aposticha Stichera
• Apolytikion (dismissal hymn)
• Dismissal
• Canon to the Theotokos, or to the saint of the day if a
Compline commemoration was suppressed at Vespers
• Kontakion (hymn of the day)
Midnight Office • On Sundays, the Canon to the Trinity
Little Hours • Apolytikion and Kontakion
• Apolytikion
• Poetic Kathismata (hymns between readings from the Psalter)
• Patristic readings (monastic tradition)
• Megalynarion (Magnification Hymn to the saint of the day; Slavic
tradition)
• Anabathmoi (Hymns of Ascent)
• Prokeimenon and Gospel reading
Orthros (Matins) • Canons to the saints of the day
• Kontakion
• Synaxarion reading (the lives of the saints; Byzantine tradition)
• Exapostilarion (Hymn of Light)
• Stichera at the Praises (Psalms 148-150)
• Aposticha Stichera
• Apolytikion
• Dismissal
• Antiphons
• Eisodikon (Entrance Hymn)
Divine Liturgy • Apolytikion and Kontakion
• Prokeimenon
• Epistle reading
• Alleluiarion
• Gospel reading
• Megalynarion (Hymn to the Mother of God)
• Koinonikon (Communion Verse)
• Post-communion hymn
• Prayer Behind the Ambon (closing prayer)
• Dismissal
References[edit]
• Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Proprium" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York:
Robert Appleton Company.
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Mass of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church
Categories:
• Order of Mass
• Eastern Christian liturgy
• Catholic liturgy
• Liturgy of the Hours
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