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Experiment No: 02 EXPERIMENT NAME: To Study The Operation of A Pulse Position

The document summarizes an experiment on pulse position modulation (PPM). PPM varies the position of a standard pulse as a function of a sampled modulating signal, keeping pulse amplitude and width constant. The experiment uses a circuit with an op-amp, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and other components to generate a carrier signal, compare a modulating signal using a comparator, and shift the pulse position with a differentiator. Data is collected on the time period between pulse position and a reference point under clamping conditions. The results show increased pulse position shift with higher modulating voltage levels.

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72 views4 pages

Experiment No: 02 EXPERIMENT NAME: To Study The Operation of A Pulse Position

The document summarizes an experiment on pulse position modulation (PPM). PPM varies the position of a standard pulse as a function of a sampled modulating signal, keeping pulse amplitude and width constant. The experiment uses a circuit with an op-amp, resistors, capacitors, diodes, and other components to generate a carrier signal, compare a modulating signal using a comparator, and shift the pulse position with a differentiator. Data is collected on the time period between pulse position and a reference point under clamping conditions. The results show increased pulse position shift with higher modulating voltage levels.

Uploaded by

razu1234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT NO: 02

EXPERIMENT NAME: To study the operation of a pulse position


modulation.

THEORY: Pulse Position modulation (PPM) in which the position of


pulse is changed as a function of the sampled value with reference to a
standard position. Pulse Position modulation is a process in which the
position of a standard pulse is varied as a function of a sampled value.

In PPM system, the position of the pulses relative to zero reference


level, is varied in accordance with the instantaneous level of
modulating signal. Amplitude and width of the pulses are kept
constant. In this system, the position of each pulses is related to the
position of the recurrent reference pulse.

PPM is essentially the same PDM except that the variable edge is now
replaced by a short pulse. In practice this can be accomplished by
differentiating the wave form of PDM. This converting power over that
required on the PDM. The modulating on PPM wave may be recovered
by passing the wave through a low pass filter as in the pulse amplitude
system. The circuit diagram for pulse position modulation with
clamping is shown in fig-01.
Fig 01: Circuit diagram for PPM

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1. 741 IC (op-amp)
2. Resistors
3. Capacitors
4. Diodes
5. DC power supply
6. Bread Board
7. Dual Trace Oscilloscope
8. Connecting wires.
DATA TABLE: Data for time period between the pulse position and
reference point with clamping.

No Modulating Pulse Wave Shape


of Voltage(V) Position
Obs. Shift(ms)
1 0.51 0.12

2 1.6 0.28

3 2.7 0.52
4 4.4 0.65

5 7.2 1.05

RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS: In this circuit at first the carrier signal is


produced and then clamping circuit is used to keep this signal constant.
Comparator circuit compare the modulating signal. This comparative
signal is used as differentiator circuit for shifting the pulse position.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Before power supply make sure that the connections of the circuit
was made tightly.
2. Take the Reading from Oscilloscope very carefully.
3. Equip the oscillator circuit very carefully.

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