Chap 2.7 : Life Line of National Economy www.cbse.

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File Revision Date : 1 July 2019

CBSE Previous Year Exams Questions Exam 2019-2020
CLASS : 10th
CHAPTER 2.7
SUB : Social Science
Unit 2 : Contemporary India - II
For 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question Bank
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Life Line of National Economy

ONE MARK QUESTIONS b. They give employment to a large number of

people.
c. Railways also make it possible to conduct
1. What is a new arrival on the transportation map of multifarious activities like business, sightseeing,
India? pilgrimage along with transportation of goods
Ans : [CBSE 2016] over longer distances.
Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the 10. What is pipeline transportation? Write two merits
transportation map of India to transport liquids as and demerits of the same. [CBSE 2016]
well as solids in slurry form. Ans :
2. What is the major objective to develop Super Pipeline transport network is the new mode of
Highways? transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used
Ans : [CBSE 2015] to transport water to cities and industries. Now,
The major objective of developing Super Highways these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum
is to reduce the time and distance between the mega products and natural gas from oil and natural gas
-cities of India. fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal
power plants. Solids can also be transported through
3. Why was Jawaharlal Nehru port developed?
a pipeline when converted into slurry. Merits:
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
a. Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry
To decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub from far away locations.
port of the region. b. Subsequent running costs after laying down the
4. Why was the Haldia seaport set-up? network are minimal.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
c. It rules out transshipment losses or delays.
Demerits:
Haldia seaport was set-up as a subsidiary port to
a. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.
relieve growing pressure on Kolkata port.
b. Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to
5. What are known as lifelines of the national wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral
economy? oil, etc.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY BOOKS
Means of transport and communication.
For session 2019-2020 free pdf will be available at
6. What are the two major means of land transport? www.cbse.online for
Ans : [CBSE 2015] 1. Previous 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question
(1) Roadways, (2) Railways. Bank
7. Which term is used to describe trade between two or 2. Previous Ten Years Exam Paper (Paper-wise).
more countries? 3. 20 Model Paper (All Solved).
4. NCERT Solutions
Ans : [CBSE2013]
All material will be solved and free pdf. It will be
International trade. provided by 30 September and will be updated regularly.
8. What does favourable balance of trade refer to?
Ans : [CBSE 2012] 11. How do modern means of transport serve as lifelines
When the value of exports exceeds the value of of our nation? Explain. [CBSE 2016]
imports, we call it Favourable Balance of Trade. or
“Efficient means of transport are pre¬requisites for
the fast development.” Express your views in favour
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS of this statement. [CBSE 2016]
or
9. Elaborate any three advantages of railways in India. Why are efficient means of transport pre-requisites for
Ans : [CBSE 2016] the fast development of the country? Explain.
Advantages of railways in India are as follows: Ans : [CBSE 2014, 2011]
a. It is both convenient and safer to travel long Transport and communication are the basic arteries of
distances by railways. a nation’s economy because:

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Chap 2.7 : Life Line of National Economy www.rava.org.in

a. Economic development of a region or a country Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna.

very largely depends upon the dense network of c. Special provisions are made so that every village
transport and communication. in the country is linked to a major town in the
b. They link areas of production with consumption, country by an all-season motorable road.
agriculture with industry and village with towns 16. Describe any three features of waterways in India.
and cities.
Ans : [CBSE 2015]
c. They help the industry by providing raw materials
and distribution of finished goods. Features of waterways in India are:
d. They help in the development of all the three a. India has been one of the seafaring countries.
sectors: Primary, Secondary and Tertiary. b. Sea men sailed far and near; carrying and
e. They help in the balanced regional development. spreading Indian commerce and culture.
c. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport.
12. What are Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways? d. They are most suitable for carrying heavy and
Mention any two objectives of this project. The North- bulky goods over long distance.
South and East- West corridors join which terminal e. It is fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode
cities. of transport.
Ans : f. 9.5% of the country’s trade volume is moved by
a. The Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways is a sea.
major road development project linking Delhi- 17. Describe any three factors that accord prominence to
Kolkata-Chennai -Mumbai and Delhi by six lane airways as a mode of transportation. [CBSE 2015]
super highways. Ans :
b. The two major objectives of these Super Highways
projects are to (a) reduce the time and (b) distance Following are the factors that accord airways
between the mega cities of India. prominence as a mode of transportation:
c. The North-South Corridors linking Srinagar a. They are the fastest mode of transportation.
(Jammu and Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil b. They are the best means of transport for remote,
Nadu) and East- West Corridor connecting Silchar inaccessible and hostile areas.
(Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat). c. Airways play a vital role in the event of natural
and human-made calamities like floods, famines,
13. Describe three major problems faced by the road earthquake, epidemics and war by virtue of their
transport in India. [CBSE 2015] swiftness.
Ans :
18. Describe the significance of tourism as a trade in
Road transportation in India faces the following India.
problems: Ans : [CBSE 2015]
a. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and
Significance of tourism as a trade in India:
passengers, the road network is inadequate.
1. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the
b. About half of the roads are unmetalled and this
last three decades.
limits their usage during the rainy season.
2. Foreign tourist’s arrival has witnessed an increase,
c. The National Highways are inadequate.
thus contributing to foreign exchange.
d. The roadways are highly congested in cities and
3. More than 15 million people are directly engaged
most of the bridges and culverts are old and
in the tourism industry.
narrow.
4. It provides support to local handicrafts and
14. Explain the importance of railways as the principal cultural pursuits.
mode of transportation for freight and passengers in 5. Tourism also promotes national integration.
India. 6. It helps in development of international
Ans : [CBSE 2015] understanding about our culture and heritage.
The importance of railways as the principal mode of 7. Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism,
transportation for freight and passengers in India is: ecotourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism,
a. Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious medical and business tourism.
activities like business, sight seeing, pilgrimage 19. Explain the ways in which tourism promotes the
along with transportation of goods. related industries and services of the destination-
b. It is suitable for long distance travel. country.
c. Plays an important role in national integration. Ans : [CBSE 2015]
d. Railways bind the economic life of the country.
The industries cheek in jowl with tourism is handicraft
e. It accelerates the development of the industry and
industry, sculpture, sea-shell, regional handloom
agriculture.
among others. Indian handicraft and handloom in
f. Today the railways have become more important
particular, hold special attraction for the Western
than all other means of transport put together.
tourists. Hospitality in services sector is benefitted
15. Describe the rural roads in India. immensely by tourism.
Ans : [CBSE 2015, 2011]
Also, the transportation services reap the benefits
a. Rural roads link rural areas and villages with of tourism. Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India
towns. every year. For example, tourism contributed 14,000
b. These roads received special impetus under the
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crore rupees to the India exchequer in year 2000 Metalled roads are made of either cement, concrete
and generated employment for 15 million people or even bitumen of coal. Therefore, these are durable
directly engaged in the tourism industry. over unmetalled road. Unmetalled roads go out of use
in rainy season.
20. Why is a dense and efficient network of transport and
communication a prerequisite for the development of Border roads plays an important role in connecting
local, national and global trade of today? Give your strategically important difficult areas and helps in the
opinion. economic development of the area. National Highways
are the primary road system which links important
Ans : [CBSE 2015, 2012]
parts of the country.
Dense and efficient network of transport and
communication. 24. Explain any four qualitative improvements made in
a. We use different material and services in our daily Indian Railways. [CBSE 2011]
‘life. Some of these are available in our immediate Ans :
surroundings while other requirements are met a. Conversion of meter gauge to broad gauge.
by bringing things from other places. Movement b. Steam engines have been replaced by- diesel and
of these goods and services can be over three electric engines. This has increased the speed and
domains of earth. haulage capacity.
b. Today, the world has converted into a large c. The replacement of steam engine run by coal
village with the help of efficient and fast moving has improved the environment of stations and its
transport. surroundings.
c. Transport has been able to achieve this with the d. Railways routes have been extended to areas were
help of equally developed communication system. there was no railway lines earlier.
d. Therefore transport, communication and trade
25. Explain any three major problems faced by Indian
are complementary to each other.
Railways. [CBS E 2011 ]
e. Today India is well linked with the rest of the
world despite its vast size, diversity, linguistic and Ans :
cultural plurality. In India rail transport suffers from certain problems.
21. What is the importance of transport? Mention the These are as follows:
various means of transport available in India. a. Poor service offered by railways.
b. Thefts and damaging of railway property are
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
rampant.
Means of transport: c. The large population puts enormous strain on
a. Roadways existing infrastructure.
b. Railways
c. Pipelines 26. Explain any four advantages of pipeline
d. Waterways transportation.
e. Airways. Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Importance of Transport: The four advantages of pipeline transportation are:
a. Connects the people a. Both solid (when converted into slurry) liquid and
b. Sense of belonging in the people living at remote gases can be transported through pipelines.
places. b. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but
c. Helpful for business activities. subsequent running costs are minimal.
d. Helpful in the period of crisis. c. Transshipment of losses and delays are minimum.
22. Why is air travel preferred in the north¬eastern states d. It is economical to transport petroleum, natural
of India? Explain. [CBSE 2014] gas, fertilizers to interior places.
Ans : 27. What is the difference between personal communication
and mass, communication? State any two points of
a. Big rivers: Presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra
importance of mass communication. [CBSE 2011]
make it difficult to construct roads and railways.
Airways are suitable when rivers get flooded. Ans :
b. Dissected relief: Uneven surface—not suitable for Personal communication means a communication
the construction of roadways and railways which between two persons either through oral, letter or
can be a costly affair. Can be easily travelled by through telephone etc, while mass communication
airways. includes the use of radio, television, press, films etc, for
c. Dense forests: Dense forests hamper the wider public audience. The two points of importance
construction of roadways and railways. of mass communication are
International Frontiers: International borders of’ a. provides entertainment and
Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc. can be easily b. creates awareness among people about various
travelled by airways without much hassles. national programmes and policies.
23. Why are metalled roads better than unmetalled 28. What is meant by international trade? State any one
roads? What is the role of border roads and national feature of India’s international trade. [CBSE 2011]
highways in transportation? [CBSE 2011] Ans :
Ans :
a. Trade between two countries is called international

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trade. gas, fertilizers to interior places of the country.

b. One of the features of international trade of India 33. What is the meaning of road density? Describe any
is information technology. three major problems faced by road transportation
c. Trade in India.
d. International Trade
Ans : [Foreign 2010]
e. Favourable Balance of Trade
f. Unfavourable Balance of Trade The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known as
density of roads.
29. Define the following terms: Road transportation in India faces the following
a. Trade problems:
b. International Trade a. Keeping in view the volume of traffic and
c. Favourable Balance of Trade passengers, the road network is inadequate.
d. Unfavourable Balance of Trade [CBSE 2011] b. About half of the roads are unmetalled and this
Ans : limits their usage during the rainy season.
a. The exchange of goods among people, states and c. The National Highways are inadequate.
countries is referred to as trade. d. The roadways are highly congested in cities and
b. Trade between two countries is called international most of the bridges and culverts are old and
trade. narrow.
c. When the value of export exceeds the value of 34. What is the importance of railway 1 transport?
imports, it is called a favourable balance of trade. Describe any three major problems faced by Indian
d. When the value of imports exceeds the value of Railways.
exports, it is termed as unfavourable balance of Ans : [Foreign 2010]
Trade.
Railways are the principal mode of transportation
30. Explain four advantages of road transport in India. for freight and passengers in India. Indian Railways
Ans : [CBSE 2011] have been a great integrating force for more than 150
Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as years. It conducts multifarious activities like business,
such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas. sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation of
a. Road transport is economical in transportation goods over longer distances.
of few persons and smaller amount of goods over The following are the major problems faced by
short distances. the Indian Railways:
b. It also provides door-to-door service, reducing the a. Poor service offered by railways.
cost of loading and unloading is much lower. b. Thefts and damages of railways property.
c. Road transport also provides feeder service to c. Pressure of population puts enormous pressure on
other modes of transport such as they provide a existing infrastructure.
link between railway stations, airports and sea
35. Describe any four features of Indian tourism as a
ports.
trade.
31. Write any four characteristics of Kandla seaport. Ans : [Foreign 2010]
Ans : [Delhi 2010]
Following are the features of Indian tourism as a trade:
The following are the characteristics of the Kandla a. Tourism in India has grown substantially over the
sea port: last three decades with the bumper increase in
a. It is a tidal port. foreign tourists.
b. It was the first port developed soon after the b. It provides employment and financial support to
Independence of India in Kuchchh. local handicrafts and cultural pursuits.
c. It was developed to ease the volume of trade from c. India has become a popular destination for
Mumbai port after the loss of Karachi port to heritage, adventure, medical and business tourism.
Pakistan after the Partition in 1947. d. Indian tourism has achieved the status of
d. It caters to the convenient handling of imports maximum foreign exchange earner.
and exports of granary and industrial belt
spreading from states like Jammu and Kashmir,
Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
and Gujarat.
32. Explain any four merits of pipeline transport in 36. Explain with examples the conditions responsible for
India. uneven distribution pattern of the railway network in
Ans : [All India 2010]
India.
The following are the merits of pipeline transport in Ans : [Foreign 2016]

India: The distribution pattern of the Railway network:

a. Solids (when converted into slurry), liquids and a. The northern plains with their vast level land,
gases can be transported through pipelines. high population density and rich agricultural
b. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but resources provided the most favourable condition
subsequent running costs are minimal. for their growth.
c. Trans-shipment of losses and delays are ruled out. b. In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region,
d. It is economical to transport petroleum, natural railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or

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tunnels. e. Exchange of commodities and goods have been

c. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are superseded by the exchange of information and
unfavourable for the construction of railway lines knowledge.
due to high relief, sparse population and lack of 40. Define the term ‘Tourism’. Why is tourism known as
economic opportunities. a trade? Explain. [Foreign 2016]
d. It was difficult to lay railway lines on the sandy
Ans :
plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat,
forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Tourism:“The cultural, recreational and commercial
Odisha and Jharkhand. visit to internal places is known as Tourism.”
e. The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could foe Tourism is know as trade because
crossed only through gaps or passes (Ghats). a. Foreign tourists arrival in the country contributing
f. The development of the Konkan railway along 21,828 crore of foreign exchange.
the west coast has facilitated the movement of b. More than 15 million people are directly engaged
passengers and goods. in the tourism industry.
c. Tourism provides support to local handicrafts.
37. Highlight any five features of Hazira- Vijaipur-
d. Foreign tourists visit India for medical tourism
Jagdishpur gas pipeline. [CBSE 2016]
and business tourism.
Ans : e. Helps in the growth of national income and
a. This pipeline is about 1700 km. long. integrity.
b. Hazira-Vijaipur-Jagdishpur cross country gas 41. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of
pipeline links Mumbai High and Bassien with roadways with those of railways. [CBSE 2016]
the fertilizer, power and industrial complexes in
Ans :
western and northern India.
c. This artery has provided an impetus to India’s Roadways v/s Railways:
gas production. 1. Construction cost of roads is much lower than
d. The power and fertilizer industries are the key that of railway lines and construction time is also
users of natural gas. comparatively less.
e. Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) for 2. Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected
vehicles to replace liquid fuels is gaining wide and undulating topography which is a limitation
popularity in the country. in case of railways.
3. Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes
38. Why is air travel more popular in the North Eastern
and as such can traverse mountains like the
states of India? Explain. [Foreign 2016]
Himalayas, whereas the mountainous regions are
Ans : unfavourable for the construction of railway lines
Air Transport is considered as an important means due to high relief, sparse population and lack of
of transport in the North-Eastern part of our country economic opportunities Likewise, it is difficult
because: to lay railway lines on the sandy plains in the
a. Big rivers: Presence of big rivers like Brahmaputra deserts, swampy or forested tracks.
make it difficult to construct roads and railways. 4. Road transport is economical in trans¬portation
Airways are suitable when rivers get flooded. of few persons and relatively smaller amount of
b. Dissected relief: Uneven surface-not suitable for goods over short dis¬tances, whereas railways
the construction of roadways and railways which are suitable for transportation of large number
can be a costly affair. Can be easily travelled by of people and goods in bulk, especially over long
airways. distances.
c. Dense forests: Dense forests hamper the 5. Roadways provide door-to-door service, thus the
construction of roadways and railways. cost of loading and unloading is much lower but
d. International Frontiers: International borders of railways have not reached ‘ everywhere, still there
Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, etc. can be easily are places which are yet to be connected with the
travelled by airways without much hassles. railways,
39. What is trade? Explain the importance of international
6. Road transport is also used as a feeder to other
trade. [Delhi 2016] modes of transport such as they provide a link
between railway stations, air and seaports. On
Ans :
the other hand, railways work as a lifeline for the
Trade between two countries is called International economic growth of a country as they carry raw
Trade. materials and produced goods from one part of
Importance: the nation to another on a large scale.
a. International trade of a country is an index to its
42. Classify communication services into two categories.
economic prosperity.
Explain main features of each. [Outside Delhi 2016]
b. It is considered the economic barometer for a
country. Ans :
c. As the resources are space bound, no country can Classification of communication services in two
survive without international trade. categories:
d. Countries have trade relations with the major (a) Personal communication (b) Mass
trading blocks. Communication.

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Features: Justify the statement. [Foreign 2015]

1. Personal communication: Ans :
(a) Communication between two or more persons
Road Transport and Rail Transport:
at personal level.
The statement ‘Road Transport’ and ‘Rail Transport’
(b) The Indian postal network handles parcels as
in India are not competitive but complementary to
well as personal written communication.
each other are justified in the following ways:
(c) Cards, letters by posts and email.
1. Road transport is more suitable for short distances
(d) Telephone services like STD, ISD provide easy
whereas rail transport is more suitable for long
and comfortable network to a large number of
distances.
people.
2. Road transport is economical in transportation
2. Mass communication:
of few persons and relatively smaller amount of
(a) It is the communication through which one
goods over short distances, whereas rail transport
can communicate with several people at the
is more suitable for large number of people and
same time.
heavy goods.
(b) It provides the entertainment and creates
3. It is beneficial for perishable goods to be carried
awareness among people about various
by roads in short period of time, whereas non-
National programmes and policies.
perishable and bulky goods are transported by
(c) It includes print media like newspapers,
railways for a longer distances.
magazines, book etc. and electronic media
4. Road transport increases the efficiency of railways.
like Radio, Television etc.
5. Road transport links the rural areas with railway
43. Analyse the physiographic and economic factors that stations.
have influenced the distribution pattern of the railway 6. The deficiency of railways is compensated by road
network in our country. [CBSE 2015] transport.
Ans : 45. Elaborate any two important networks of pipeline
Rail transport is the most convenient mode of transportation in India along with their branches.
transportation. Though the railway network is not [CBSE 2014, 2011]
evenly distributed across the country. The distribution Ans :
pattern of the railway network in the country has
Commodities transported by pipelines: Crude oil,
been largely influenced by physiographic, economic
petroleum products, natural gas and even solids in
and administrative factors. Physiographic Factors:
the form of slurry.
1. The northern plains with their vast level land,
Network:
high population density and rich agricultural
a. From upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh),
resources provide the most favourable condition
via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has
for their growth of railway networks.
branches from Barauni to Haldia via Rajbandh,
2. The uneven terrain like hills, mountains, rivers
Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
with wide beds have posed severe obstacle in the
b. From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab
infrastructural development of railways like laying
via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It
tracks, construction of bridges and so on.
has branches to connect Koyali (near Vadodara,
3. In the hilly terrain of the peninsular region,
Gujarat) Chakshu and other places.
railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or
c. From Hazira in Gujarat to Jagdishpur in Uttar
tunnels.
Pradesh, Gas pipeline via Vijaipur in Madhya
4. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are
Pradesh. It has branches to Kota in Rajasthan,
unfavourable for the construction of railway lines
Shahjahanpur, Babrala and other places in Uttar
due to high relief, sparse population and lack of
Pradesh.
economic opportunities.
5. (a) It is equally difficult on the sandy plain of 46. ‘Advancement of international trade of a country is an
western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat, forested index to its prosperity.” Support the statement with
tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha suitable examples. [CBSE 2014, 2011]
and Jharkhand. or
Economic Factors: “No country can survive without international trade
a. There are several economic factors that affect the in the present global world.” Explain the statement.
distribution of railways e.g. state funding plays a Ans : [CBSE 2011]
vital role in the development of railways across a. No country in the world is self-sufficient in all
the nations. its needs. Goods produced by one country are
b. The state with flexible laws supports the growth required by the other country and vice-versa.
of railways. Hence, differences in resources, needs and
c. Along with this the places that are highly development among nations creates conditions for
industrialised attract the development of railways. international trade between them.
Since the growth of both is complimentary to each b. It helps in exchange of surplus goods with those of
other e.g. recently railways network is enhancing deficit countries through foreign trade.
along the industrial corridors. c. Foreign trade has helped India to improve its
44. ‘Road transport and Rail transport in India are productivity of manufactured goods.
not competitive but complementary to each other.” d. International trade contributed to India’s

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economic growth, raising income levels of people added to the vitality of its economy.
thus, increasing the foreign exchange reserves. g. It has enriched our life and added substantially to
e. International trade helps India to import advanced growing amenities and facilities for the comforts
technology of other countries to improve its own of life.
production. 50. What is mass communication? What are the
f. Thus, prosperity of a country depends on the different means of mass communication? What is the
advancement of the international trade and hence, significance of mass communication in a country like
it is called the ’economic barometer’ of a nation. India? [CBSE 2012]
47. “Indian Railways binds the economic life of the country Ans :
as well as accelerates the development of industry and
Mass communication: Means (like electronic media)
agriculture.” Justify the statement. [CBSE 2014]
which covers large number of people at the same time.
Ans : Different means of communication are radio, television,
Railways are the most important mode of transport in films and internet, newspapers and magazines.
India due to the following reasons: Significance of mass communication are:
a. Railways are the principal mode of transportation a. Covers more than 95% of India’s total population.
for freight and passengers in India, as they link b. Source of education and entertainment.
different parts of the country. c. Most instant means of mass information.
b. They carry huge loads and bulky goods to long d. Brings all classes of people together.
distances. 51. Explain with examples the changing nature of
c. Railways make it possible to conduct multifarious international trade of India in the last fifteen years.
activities like business, sightseeing, pilgrimage [CBSE 2012]
along with goods transportation over longer or
distances. Write a note on the changing nature of International
d. Railways have been a great integrating force for trade in India in the last fifteen years. [CBSE 2012]
the nation, for more than 150 years now.
Ans :
e. They have been helpful in binding the economic
life of the country and cultural fusion. There has been a change in the nature of our
f. They have accelerated the development of the international trade:
industry and agriculture. (Any five) a. Since 2004-2005, the share of agriculture and allied
products, ores and minerals, chemical engineering
48. Describe any five major problems faced by road
goods has been increasing.
transport in India. [CBSE 2013]
b. Exchange of commodities and goods have been
Ans : superseded by the exchange of information and
Five problems faced by road transport in India are knowledge.
given below: c. India has emerged as a software giant at
a. Volume of traffic and passengers is very large. international level,
b. Road network is inadequate. d. India is earning large foreign exchange through
c. Half the roads are unmetalled, which limits their the export of information technology.
usage in rainy seasons. e. Imports: Commodities imports include petroleum
d. National highways too are inadequate. and petroleum products 41.87% and Coal, Coke
e. Roadways are highly congested in cities and most 14.17%.
bridges and culverts are old and narrow. 52. Classify roads into six classes according to their
49. Transport and trade are complementary to each capacity. What is the role of National Highway
other.” Justify in three points. [CBSE 2013] Authority of India?
Ans : Ans : [CBSE 2012]

Transport and communication for local, national and Roads are classified as given below:
global trade: a. Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways reduced
a. Today, the world has been converted into a large the time and distance between the mega cities of
village with the help of efficient and fast moving India.
transport. b. National Highways connect the state capitals, big
b. Transport has been able to achieve this with the cities and important ports.
help of equally developed communication system. c. State Highways join the state capitals with district
c. Therefore, transport, communication and trade headquarters.
are complementary to each other. d. District Roads connect the district centres with
d. Today, India is well-linked with the rest of the the major roads.
world despite its vast size, diversity and linguistic e. Other Rural Roads which link rural areas and
and socio-cultural plurality. villages with towns.
e. Railways, airways, waterways, newspapers, f. Border Roads have increased accessibility in areas
radio, television, cinema and internet have been of difficult terrain.
contributing to its socioeconomic progress in g. Projects related to Super Highways are being
many ways. implemented by the NHAI.
f. The trades from local to international levels have

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Chap 2.7 : Life Line of National Economy www.rava.org.in

53. What is the significance of‘Border Roads’ ? explain. b. Reduced the volume of traffic on Mumbai port.
[CBSE 2011] c. Tidal port.
Ans : d. Caters to exports and imports of highly productive
granary and industrialised states.
a. Border Road Organization was established in
e. Free trade zone.
1960.
b. This organization develops the roads of strategic 58. Explain any five merits of Air transport. [CBSE 2011]
importance in the North and the East border Ans :
areas.
Merits of Air Transport are:
c. These roads have improved accessibility in areas
a. It is the most comfortable mode of transport.
of difficult terrain.
b. It is the fastest mode.
d. These roads have enabled the economy to develop
c. It is the prestigious mode of transport.
in the border areas.
d. It can cover very difficult terrains like high
54. Describe any two merits of railways and any two mountain and dreary deserts.
problems being faced by the railways. e. Dense forests and oceans are not problems for air
Ans : [CBSE 2011] transport. It covers them with great ease. •
The railways are the main artery of inland transport
in India: WWW.CBSE.ONLINE
a. Railways are the principal mode of transportation
for freight and passengers.
b. Railways are useful in conducting business, NO NEED TO PURCHASE ANY BOOKS
sightseeing, pilgrimage along with transportation For session 2019-2020 free pdf will be available at
of goods over long distances. www.cbse.online for
c. Railways in India bind the economic life of the 1. Previous 15 Years Exams Chapter-wise Question
country as well as accelerate the development of Bank
the industry and agriculture. 2. Previous Ten Years Exam Paper (Paper-wise).
The following problems are being faced by the railways: 3. 20 Model Paper (All Solved).
1. Poor service offered by railways. 4. NCERT Solutions
2. Thefts and damaging railway property. All material will be solved and free pdf. It will be
3. Pressure of population puts enormous strain on provided by 30 September and will be updated regularly.
existing infrastructure.
55. Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the
transportation map of India.” Explain. [CBSE 2011]
Ans :
a. Previously, these were used to transport water to
cities and industries.
b. Presently these are used to transport crude oil,
petroleum products and natural gas.
c. Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but running
costs are minimal.
d. It rules out delay and losses. Some networks are
from oilfield in upper Assam to Kanpur.
56. Name the longest National Waterway of India. Write
any three points of importance of waterways.
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
The longest National Waterway of India is the Ganga
river between Allahabad and Haldia. Importance of
waterways:
a. It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky
goods.
b. It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly.
c. More than 95% of the country’s trade volume is
moved by the sea.
d. It is the cheapest means of transport.
e. They are the natural routes which do not involve
cost of construction. (Any four)
57. Explain any five characteristics of Kandla Seaport.
Ans : [CBSE 2011]
Characteristics of Kandla seaport:
a. First port developed soon after India got
independence.

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