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Paper Reference(s)

6101/01 Examiner’s use only

Edexcel GCE Team Leader’s use only

Biology
Biology (Human) Question Leave
Number Blank

Advanced Subsidiary 1

Unit Test 1 2

Monday 4 June 2007 – Morning 3

4
Time: 1 hour
5
6

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers

7
Ruler Nil 8

Instructions to Candidates
In the boxes above, write your centre number, candidate number, your surname, initial(s) and
signature.
The paper reference is shown above. Check that you have the correct question paper.
Answer ALL EIGHT questions in the spaces provided in this booklet.
Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units. Calculators may be used.
Include diagrams in your answers where these are helpful.

Information for Candidates

The marks for individual questions and parts of questions are shown in round brackets: e.g. (2).
The total mark for this question paper is 60.

Advice to Candidates
You will be assessed on your ability to organise and present information, ideas, descriptions and
arguments clearly and logically, taking account of your use of grammar, punctuation and spelling.

Total
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Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

1. The table below refers to structures that may be found in bacterial cells or liver cells.
Place a tick (9) in the box if the structure is found in the cell and a cross (8) in the box if
it is not.

Structure Bacterial cell Liver cell

Ribosomes
Centrioles
Starch grains
Nucleus Q1

(Total 4 marks)

2. Read through the following passage about lipids, then write on the dotted lines the most
appropriate word or words to complete the passage.

Lipids contain the elements hydrogen, carbon and oxygen joined together

by ............................................... bonds.

Triglycerides are lipids that consist of three ............................................... molecules

joined to a ............................................... molecule. These molecules are joined together

by a chemical process called a ............................................... reaction.

Triglycerides that have double bonds between carbon atoms are known

as ............................................... triglycerides. Q2

(Total 5 marks)

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3. The diagram below shows some of the organelles found in a eukaryotic cell.

Ribosomes A
B

Golgi
apparatus

Nuclear
membrane

(a) Name the parts of the Golgi apparatus labelled A and B.

A ........................................................................

B ........................................................................
(2)

(b) Some of the proteins synthesised by ribosomes are transported to the Golgi
apparatus.

Describe what happens to these proteins in the Golgi apparatus.

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(3) Q3

(Total 5 marks)

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4. A student was given three unknown, colourless carbohydrate solutions labelled A, B
and C. She tested each one by heating it with Benedict’s reagent. The table below shows
her results.

Solution Appearance after heating with Benedict’s reagent

A Red precipitate
B Green precipitate
C Blue solution

(a) State two conclusions that can be made about solutions A and B.

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(2)

(b) Describe the process that the student would now need to carry out in order to show
that solution C contained a non-reducing sugar.

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(3) Q4

(Total 5 marks)

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5. The tips of three onion roots were cut off and each was used to make a root tip squash.

(a) Name a suitable stain that can be used to show chromosomes in a root tip squash.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The number of cells observed in each phase of mitosis was counted and these results
are shown in the table below.

Number of cells observed

Root tip
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
1 15 5 3 5
2 23 5 4 9
3 17 6 2 8

The number of cells observed in a phase is directly proportional to the length of that
phase. Using these results, put the phases in order starting with the longest phase and
ending with the shortest phase.

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(1)

(c) The appearance of the chromosomes from part of a root tip squash is shown below.

P2 P1

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(i) The cells labelled P1 and P2 are both in prophase. Suggest an explanation for the
difference in appearance between the two cells.

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(3)

(ii) Write the letter A on the illustration to label a cell that is undergoing anaphase.
(1)

(iii) Describe what happens during anaphase.

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(2) Q5

(Total 8 marks)

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6. (a) Describe the roles of protein molecules in facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Facilitated diffusion ......................................................................................................

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Active transport ............................................................................................................

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(5)

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(b) Experiments were carried out to compare the uptake by cells of a substance (substance
X) in the presence and absence of a respiratory inhibitor. A respiratory inhibitor is a
substance that prevents the formation of ATP.

In each experiment the cells were incubated in a solution of substance X for five hours.
The concentration of substance X in the cytoplasm was measured throughout.

The graph below shows the changes in the concentration of substance X in the cell
cytoplasm during the experiments.

14 ±

12 ± Cells incubated with

substance X only

10 ±
X ecnatsbus fo noitartnecnoC
3ÿmc g / llec eht edisni

8±

6±

4±
Cells incubated with
substance X and the
respiratory inhibitor
2±

±
±

0 1 2 3 4 5
Time/hours

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(i) Describe the changes in the concentration of substance X in the cytoplasm of the
cells incubated with the respiratory inhibitor present, during the five hours of the
experiments.

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(2)

(ii) Suggest an explanation for the changes you have described.

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(2) Q6

(Total 9 marks)

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7. (a) Protein synthesis involves the process of transcription followed by translation. The
diagram below shows part of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. It shows a
sequence of seven bases.

G A U C G U G

(i) Name the pyrimidine bases shown in this sequence.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Write down the sequence of bases on the strand of DNA that coded for this
messenger RNA.

................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) In some prokaryotic cells, the production of mRNA during transcription can occur at
a rate of 50 bases per second. Calculate how long it would take to produce a mRNA
molecule that coded for a protein containing 200 amino acids. Show your working.

Answer ....................................
(3)

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(c) Describe the process of translation.

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(5)

(d) In prokaryotic cells, a molecule of mRNA can be translated as soon as it is made.

Suggest an explanation for this.

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(2) Q7

(Total 12 marks)

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8. (a) Describe the role of proteases in biological detergents.

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(2)

(b) The graph below shows the effect of pH on the activity of three protease enzymes
(Protease P, Protease Q and Protease R).

Proteases P and Q will remove blood stains and Protease R will remove egg stains.

12 ±

10 ±

Protease P
stinu yrartibra / emyzne fo ytivitcA

8±
Protease Q

6±

4± Protease R

2±

0±
5 6 7 8 9
±

pH

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(i) Compare the effect of pH on the activities of Protease P and Protease Q.

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(3)

(ii) Using the information in the graph, suggest which two enzymes should be used
in a detergent that removes both egg and blood stains. Give an explanation for
your answer.

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(3)

QUESTION 8 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE

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(c) Explain how pH affects the activity of enzymes.

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(4) Q8

(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 60 MARKS

END

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