DRUG STUDY: NCM 106 PHARMACOLOGY Instructor: MR. IVAN CHRISTOPHER CRUZ Date: NOV.
22, 2O19
NAME: ANGENICA POLEENE O. DE LEON BLOCK and Year: 2A Group: (-)
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Stimulates alpha-adrenergic Mild to moderate Hypersensitivity to CNS: drowsiness, Monitor patient for
clonidine receptors in CNS, decreasing hypertension drug depression, dizziness, signs and symptoms
sympathetic out- flow, Severe pain in cancer Hypersensitivity to nervousness, of adverse
inhibiting vasoconstriction, patients components of nightmares cardiovascular
and ultimately reducing blood adhesive layer CV: hypotension reactions.
pressure. Also prevents (transdermal form) (especially with Frequently assess
Drug Classification:
transmission of pain impulses Infection at epidural epidural use), vital signs, especially
Antihypertensive
by inhibiting pain pathway injection site, palpitations, blood pressure and
signals in brain. bleeding problems bradycardia pulse.
(epidural use) GI: nausea, vomiting, Monitor patient for
Available Dosage: Concurrent constipation, dry drug tolerance and
Solution for epidural anticoagulant therapy mouth efficacy.
injection: 100 mcg/ GU: urinary
ml in 10-ml vials, 500 retention, nocturia,
mcg/ml in 10-ml vials erectile dysfunction
Tablets: 100 mcg (0.1 Metabolic: sodium
mg), 200 mcg (0.2 retention
mg), 300 mcg (0.3 Skin: rash, sweating,
mg) pruritus, dermatitis
Transdermal systems: Other: weight gain,
2.5 mg total released withdrawal
as 0.1 mg/24 hours phenomenon
(TTS 1), 5 mg total
released as 0.2 mg/24
hours (TTS 2), 7.5 mg
total released as0.3
mg/24 hours (TTS 3)
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Forms active metabolite, Symptomatic Severe coronary artery CNS: paresthesia Monitor supine and
midodrine hydrochloride desglymidodrine, an alpha1- orthostatic disease or organic heart CV: vasodilation, sitting blood
adrenergic agonist that hypotension disease bradycardia, supine pressures closely.
activates alpha-adrenergic Acute renal disease, urinary hypertension Report marked rise
Drug Classification: receptors in arteriolar and retention GI: abdominal pain, in supine blood
Antihypotensive, venous vasculature. This Pheochromocytoma dry mouth pressure.
vasopressor effect increases vascular Thyrotoxicosis GU: urinary Stay alert for
resistance and ultimately Persistent, excessive supine retention, frequency, paresthesias.
raises blood pressure. hypertension or urgency Monitor kidney
Skin: rash, pruritus, function studies and
Available Dosage: piloerection fluid intake and
tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 Other: chills, output. Watch for
mg increased pain urinary frequency,
urgency, or
retention.
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Stimulates alpha-adrenergic Mild to moderate Hypersensitivity to CNS: headache, Monitor ECG
phenylephrine hydrochloride receptors, increasing blood hypotension drug or its weakness, anxiety, continuously during
pressure and causing Severe hypotension and components restlessness, tremor, I.V. administration;
pronounced vasoconstriction shock Severe hypertension light-headedness, monitor blood
Drug Classification: in skin, mucous membranes, To prevent hypotension Ventricular dizziness, drowsiness, pressure every 5 to
Vasopressor, nasal and mucosa. Produces during spinal anesthesia tachycardia insomnia, 15 minutes until it
decongestant, ophthalmic mydriasis by contracting Hypotensive Angle-closure hallucinations, stabilizes, then every
pupillary dilator muscle. emergency during glaucoma nervousness, 30 to 60 minutes.
vasoconstrictor
spinal anesthesia Aneurysm (10% restlessness, giddiness, Monitor central
To prolong spinal ophthalmic solution) prolonged psychosis, venous pressure and
Available Dosage: anesthesia During intraocular orofacial dystonia fluid intake and
Injection: 10 mg/ml Vasoconstrictor for surgery when corneal CV: hypertension, output. Keep in mind
Nasal solution: epithelial barrier has palpitations, that drug doesn’t
regional anesthesia
been disturbed tachycardia, eliminate need for
0.125%, 0.25%, Paroxysmal
0.5%, 1% (ophthalmic solution) bradycardia, fluid resuscitation.
supraventricular
Ophthalmic solution: Elderly patients with arrhythmias Assess CBC; watch
tachycardia
0.12%, 2.5%, 10% severe arteriosclerotic EENT: with for evidence of
Nasal congestion
or cerebrovascular blood dyscrasias.
Tablets (chewable): Vasoconstriction and ophthalmic solution—
10 mg disease transient pigment Monitor I.V. site;
pupil dilation extravasation can
Uveitis Some low-birth- floaters in aqueous
weight infants humor; rebound miosis; cause tissue damage.
Open-angle glaucoma Assess for
For wide pupil dilation rebound hyperemia
(with prolonged use); symptomatic
before intraocular improvement in
surgery light sensitivity;
patients using nasal
Refraction photophobia; blurred
form.
Provocative test for vision; allergic
angle-closure glaucoma conjunctivitis; eye
burning, stinging, and
Retinoscopy (shadow
irritation; transient
test)
epithelial keratitis;
Blanching test
decreased IOP; with
Decongestant to relieve
nasal solution—rebound
minor eye irritation
congestion, burning,
stinging, sneez- ing,
dryness, local irritation
GI: nausea, vomiting,
gastric irritation,
anorexia
GU: urinary retention
(in males with
prostatitis)
Hematologic:
leukopenia, agranulo-
cytosis,
thrombocytopenia
Musculoskeletal: brow
ache (with ophthalmic
solution)
Respiratory:
asthmatic episodes
Skin: sweating, rash,
urticaria, contact
dermatitis, necrosis and
sloughing (with
extravasation at I.V.
site)
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Relaxes smooth muscles by To prevent and Hypersensitivity to CNS: dizziness, Monitor serum
albuterol (salbutamol) stimulating beta2-receptors, relieve bronchospasm drug excitement, headache, electrolyte levels.
thereby causing in patients with hyperactivity, insomnia
bronchodilation and reversible obstructive CV: hypertension,
vasodilation airway disease palpitations,
To prevent exercise- tachycardia, chest pain
Drug Classification: induced EENT: conjunctivitis,
Bronchodilator, antiasthmatic bronchospasm dry and irritated throat,
pharyngitis
Available Dosage: GI: nausea, vomiting,
Aerosol: 90 anorexia, heart- burn,
mcg/actuation,108 GI distress, dry mouth
mcg/inhalation Metabolic:
Oral solution: 2 mg/5 hypokalemia
ml Musculoskeletal:
Solution for muscle cramps
inhalation: 0.083% (3 Respiratory: cough,
ml), 0.5% (0.5 and 20 dyspnea, wheez- ing,
ml), 0.63 mg/3 ml, paradoxical
1.25 mg/3 ml bronchospasm
Syrup: 2 mg/5 ml Skin: pallor, urticaria,
Tablets: 2 mg, 4 mg rash, angioedema,
Tablets (extended- flushing, sweating
release): 4 mg, 8 mg Other: tooth
discoloration, increased
appetite,
hypersensitivity
reaction
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Stimulates intracellular Maintenance Hypersensitivity to CNS: headache, Assess pulmonary
salmeterol xinafoate adenylate cyclase, an enzyme treatment of asthma; drug or its nervousness, dizziness, status and vital signs.
that catalyzes conversion of prevention of components tremor
adenosine triphosphate to bronchospasm in Acute asthma attack
cyclic-3’, 5’-adenosine patients with CV: palpitations,
Drug Classification: hypertension,
Bronchodilator monophosphate (cAMP). reversible obstructive
Increased cAMP levels relax airway dis- ease; tachycardia,
bronchial smooth muscle and maintenance arrhythmias
Available Dosage: inhibit release of mediators of treatment of GI: nausea, diarrhea,
Powder for immediate hypersensitivity bronchospasm in abdominal pain
(especially frommast cells). patients with chronic
inhalation using
obstructive
Metabolic:
Diskus delivery hyperglycemia,
system: 50 pulmonary disease
(COPD) hypokalemia
mcg/blister (60
blisters) Prevention of Musculoskeletal:
exercise-induced muscle cramps and
bronchospasm soreness
Respiratory:
paradoxical
bronchospasm
Skin: urticaria,
angioedema, rash
Other: hypersensitivity
reaction
DRUG NAME MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING
ACTION INTERVENTIONS
Generic Name: Relaxes bronchial smooth Bronchospasm in Hypersensitivity to CNS: tremors, Monitor vital signs.
terbutaline sulfate muscle by stimulating beta2- reversible obstructive drug, its components, anxiety, nervousness, Assess neurologic
adrenergic receptors; inhibits airway disease or sympathomimetic insomnia, headache, status.
release of hypersensitivity amines dizziness, drowsiness,
Drug Classification: mediators, especially from stimulation
Bronchodilator mast cells CV: palpitations,
chest discomfort,
tachycardia
Available Dosage: GI: nausea, vomiting
Injection: 1 mg/ml Skin: diaphoresis,
Tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg flushing
