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pt6 Pilot Familiarization

training documents for pilots of pt6 engine

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Morgen Gump
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1K views76 pages

pt6 Pilot Familiarization

training documents for pilots of pt6 engine

Uploaded by

Morgen Gump
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A PILOT FAMILIARIZATION August 2003 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA. (©1998 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA, ING. Prnteda Carada PREFACE! PRATT & WATTNEY CANADA Semon “is manual sued by ha Prat and Whnsy Canada PAG) Gustner Tring Department, Languoul Quebee, Ga {and should bo used lr TRAINING PURPOSES ONLY. Tho dala contains horn doos not oplacs or supereodo the ‘orn contanad tne npppnate atime or one matananes manums oreo! pubiesbens Forifoeston concarning tis manual, cots he PAWC Customer Ting Dparimant ‘at 490-468-7774 Fax 1-450-4067854, 6 Ema ainng manager Spc Fortecical quores, contact he PAW Help Dea (2 Hour Sone TaLUSA & Canada'-800-268.8000, Ieternatenali AC") 0000-268 8000 (Over 180.647.3000 Parc -450 8472608 * oration! terass Code Vist the PRWC we sto ot mtpsupica (From he name page, slet Custamor Suppor and han sect Customer Ting onthe lean margin} FraxrccrFAmnEATON “anmuae ON PREFACE ‘TABLE OF CONTENT Prat & Whiteoy Canada PREFACE. OH BO. wine DIRPHRAGR 29 PRATT 8 WEY CANADA, otD seoTION TAOUBL=SHOOTING 310 "ABLE OF CONTENT. INTRODUCTION. (COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION a4 score ‘CoNBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION 32 ABBREVIATIONS. COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION. 33 Counse svivasis HOT SECTION TROUBLESHOOTING. 34 PROT PAMILIARZATION TRANG ceansoxes a4 ENGINE OVERVIEW. (GEARBOXES 243 FEATURES. ‘GROSS SECTION pcs TEAS) Soros Large). ousysreu 51 MAJOR COMPONENTS- POWER SECTION ousvsrem 52 MAJOR COMPONENTS .GxS GEN. SECTION ENGINE LUBALATION SYSTEN (GENERAL TUABOPHOP OPERATION {eau and lg 89). 53 TURBOPROP ENGINE TYPICAL STATIONS SEOONDARY AIR SYSTEM. eo nam Srarions SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM 62 FLANGES @ BEARINGS ‘TURBINE COOLING AND AlfiLEED SVSTEM FLANGES & BEARINGS. (PTOA Smal. 63 FRIGHT FaONT View, Prox SERIES FIGHT REAR VIEW, Pron ao SEFIES ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM 2 LEFT REAR View PToAdO SERIES. ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM 72 LEFT FRONT VIEW, Prbact@ SERIES. ‘TENPERATURE INDICATING SYSiEM ta TENPERATURE INDICATING SYSTEM. rs Compressor section 21 TORQUE SvsTeM 78 INERTAL SEPARATOR (AiaPAANE), 32 TORQUE SySrEM 7 INERTIAL SEPARATOR (TYPIGAL) 33 COMPRESSOR ROTOR ASSEMBLY 24 \GNTON SYSTEM as Coun nOTON ASS YiPTENSASHT). "23 IGNITION SYSTEM. a2 Cour BOV.INOT rom AtunseanT MODELS).26 SPARK IGNITER SYSTEN 383 Coup 80. WITH DIAPHRAGM. ar Cou BO. FOR ASuosING HODES). 28 FrenaRaTTaRCRERTON Taam oSEoUY ‘TABLE OF CONTENT ‘TABLE OF CONTENT Saha Seco Cnet PERFORMANCE. = 91 PROP UNFEATHERING AND HIGH DLE,...124 PERFORMANCE CHECK 32 TAKEOFF (70) AND CUM 125 ENGINE PERFORMANCE GHAET(TVPIGAL} "93 CRUISE AND APPROACH 128 ENGINE CONDON TREND MONTORING "84 REVERSE: 127 ENGINE CONDITION TREND MONITORING PROPELLER FEATHERING AND (corenue) 98 ENGINE SHUTDOWN. v8 Form. pRaaveTEW EARORS 97 POWER MANAGEMENT, OPERATING LTS, 83 COMIVON SENSE APPROACH wen Prono OPERATING LiviTs 33 POWER MANAGEMENT. COMON SENSE APPRONCH en FueL sysTEM 2) ENGINE RATING PHLOSoPnY W212 POWER MANAGENIENT (pic eiaision) "82 METAL VERSUS TEMPERATURE 1218 POWER MANAGEMENT (pa! saison... 8.3 SEECIAL APPUCATION 491 rust syste 104 SPECIAL APPUCATIONS. 32 FucL sysem Sciiewatic 1a8 FUEL CONTROL UNIT MANUAL GveiiaibE 108 FUEL CONTROL UNIT MANUAL OVERRIDE "107 (OVERTOROUE LIMITERCONTAOLLER no 108 PROPELLER SYSTEM. a PPROPELLEA SySTEM ne PITCH CHANGE MEGHAN us PROPELLER GOVERNOR (TYPICAL). na PROPELLER GOVERNOR TYPICAL) ns PROPELLER AND POWER TURBINES) (OVERSPEED PROTECTION. ne PROPELLER & POWER TUFBINE(S) ‘OVERSPEED PROTECTION ny ENGINE OPERATION 121 ENGINE OPERATION 122 ENGINE STARTING 123 eanioreomnazaron —transusrausy TABLE OF CONTENTIV wrropucTioN Grete nine canace INTRODUCTION eanuTemuamenas SCC —SCSCSCSCSSCSCUNT RUIN ‘SCOPE ‘This valnng manual conaing lfoemain parang toe epocieopraton ol he PTOA engine. “This manuals tended for eassroom use ony. The floming wormabon los al at can Be done on aot evel © “ston the engine le and recuce martonane cots, PAW understand tat he ls camnct aus vs al pe ‘otima, Thalfomaton 'provisnd asa gue ont a cost eoctve operation. The lol sts erganzaton ac ‘esponsiboor evaluating wich recormendatons ae ppleaboto th speraon, A asi unorsanaing ot lenge ‘prcpes recommended to atond cours. Fiamorraamnianen ——_anmgvscouy INTRODUCTION VI ABBREVIATIONS ‘ag Agicutural[PTEA5AQ) Prosure aude AGB Accessor, Goarbox ‘amir i ress ‘utd Aisrame Msrterance Manus Primary Blade Ange 80v Bleed OF Vahe Power Lever Ama CCW Countsreioowine PH Pound po Hour) {©SU Constant Spoed Una (orepsler gover PSI" Pounce per Square neh CT Compreacor tine SIA Pounce pa Square ach Absolute cw Giocnwise SIO Pounds per Square lich Dire CIM Engine Conon Tens Montoring PSIG Pounds por Sauars Inch Gauge ESHP —Equnalore Shak Horsponsr PT Power tabine CU Fun! Conral tna Px Pa pressure masiad by eesti Fre Fight ight) Py Pxprossur mode by a ostitor FOO Foreign Object Darape RGB Reaucton Gearoox Gt Ground tle ow ie) SN Soe! unter Rig HorSecton napocton 58 Senice Buln TAS ndcated air Spe SIL Sones ntrmaton Letor TBR rograly Bacoa Rotor SEC Spool Fual Coneurpton ISA Itematena Standars Aamosphare SHP Shall Horsepover ITT rotating Tempera (15) SUTO Sea Low! Tako Ot mt Maintenance Mana! TO Tako-Or MOP Man Ol Prossure TS tet Temperature (TT) MoT Man Ol onparatre TBO Tine Batwean Ovrnaul Nt Freewuine speed Tq Toms Ng Gas Generator specs Wh Remass ow Np Propo space Wh Fact tow Ger Gusie Ai fonparatre (086 Overspeed Governor fo Sytem free Pr Ribas anor asse fe owladelpcotie Fas Gonreu el se dechrge pesare aes) pe Schaar dectage pression} rewire ara ION ‘COURSE SYLLABUS GS Peteumer cana 'PTGA PILOT FANILIARIZATION TRAINING ‘Course durtion 2a)5 (12 hous) Gases S510 1530 Breaks 1 rns (a 1000 8 18:00) inch period 1200t0 2s APPLICABLE TO Prea risa ee/ewasoa ian ana43s Preaavaanseo Prexcastevestose7 ‘STUDENT HANOOUTS ‘Te appropato taining manuals gven to each student. ‘course oBuEcTIVE Pro pits with isomaton ogacing nema ana ‘absormal engine operaton,cporatonel recedes and ‘ps onnow lo operate engnein s costatecive manne. NUMBER OF STUDENTS mas —rasaiaecuy SINR TION VE ‘COURSE SYLLABUS PILOT FAMILIARIZATION TRAINING Introduction Fealsaton entation, vido pasoration Genera information Arawaton| jr Comonans CGenoralTueoprop Operation Engine Stations Flanges and Boarngs Ene vews (yal PTSA-40) Engine Construction ‘Compressor Section peril Sopraton Compress For Assent “oampressor stead vane [Gaia Seton Towsaerootng ~ "Hot section = Camustion and Turbine Seaton Nat SectonouBlesnootng Gearboxes 01 5ystom ‘Secondary Ai System Engine indleting System “Temperature ndeang Systm (17) Torque System ar Ignition System Perormance Porfomance Check Eng Coaon Tend Nontoring Sloparating Lite Fuel Systom power management Fool Sytem Schemas Fue Coral Manon Ovo “overrque ir Conatr Propel system "Peropele Pitch Mechonem Propel Governor “ropaler and Powor Turina) Onrepoed Potton Engine Operation Cocke vor stings “Power Menapement Common Sans Apprasch "Ege Rating Phioaopty Mea Versus Tempest ‘Special Application exam Tha sno examination requir plo amiaizaon ara Ue ORT INTRODUCTION BLANK PAGE Tania Ow TNTRODUCTIONX (CROSS SECTION TYPICAL PTA-60 SERIES (LARGE) FreAnuOT FoTe oe ENGINE OVERVIEWT3 MAJOR COMPONENTS - POWER SECTION 6 POWER TURBINE NG owen TURBWE SHAFT HOUSING a POWER TuRSWe POWER SECTION nosnse AC gi ss srace Powea Tuning ‘ieamiorraaanaen——~—~CSSCSCSCSC OY “ENGINE OVERVIEW 18 GS Fete wniey canada ENGINE OVERVIEW CHAPTER 1 ENGINE OVERVIEW ENGINE OVERVIEW Gm FEATURES 500 1650 a ry “send ore east Sem ‘Pneumatic Fool Cont! Unt oreo Contin Liming Device = TReeane Power Capaaly * Tne PTBAG8 on ho Piaggio Ava has thd ‘rosin whois tho Reson Gear Mose, ~Gncorain mods oy Fanriaramnmanton ENGINE OVERVIEWT2 MAJOR COMPONENTS - GAS GENERATOR SECTION couPaesson sa SE cxssrr cagatverron sesso coves owPREsson —cowrnesson col ‘rene rene" Goer ‘ae iG GAS GENERATOR SECTION Farmar rman aa OT ENGINE OVERVIEWTS GENERAL TURBOPROP OPERATION Tha PTSAs alghwaighturbne ongrearung a propeller ‘semi conse othe compressor and the compressor {atin the aor con fons or wo power rine and {he power turbine chat. The bo sar are nat sonnested ‘opener and oat t dierent sece and ope ‘recone. Ths ceign ie relred to as Fre Turbine Engin’ Ths configuraton stows the pe vary propaler speed independently of hs comprasor spat ‘Starter earn toque ow since ony he comoreatrie ial rtatec on start. Ativan the sar mourted on the ancessory gearbox stars the engine. Ihe sompreaece “tans aroha engin via an sri plenum chamber (iret case, increases is pressure areas tne ti stages {S.oe4 dopensing onthe mada) snd one conn’ tnpller and deters aun he combustion cnamber Airentors the combustion chamber Ws eal hoes anc at the cone compressor spood, els necuceairia he ‘ambuston chamber Tao spar igntr octet canbusten chart ig he mitre Theta gases re thon dees tutine aoa [Ath pin the gion aster ave ured of since 3 Continous fame now evs nthe combustion chamber. ‘There expanding gases accalarata tough he camgressor urine vane ing andthe tine Hades ‘then estes otaonel movement ol te compressor {ine odrve the comronsor The euparng gases evel ‘scrote the power turbines) tea and pravdertatonl ‘Soegy toe he propa sl Pratt & Whitney Canada "The reduation gearbox reduce the power ania) speed (coprorimaey 20.000 APM) Yo one saber popaler {peraion rom #210 02200 RPMI depenaing on Ne ‘engine mee. (ca20s leaving tbe power writs) ar expat cut the ‘smoapor bythe exaust dick. Engin shutown s accomplice by cuting fl gg to tne contution camber, ‘An ito tank neat ben te ist ase ae he scceseny gearbox proves otto bentnge and ther Various eyotome, out aa propor and torus estos. | tyko-mechanical uel contol ust mented on the ‘aacosoory geatox rogues luel few fo uo nozaleb in responce 'o power faquvements 2 ight condone “Te propetor governor {CSU}, mounted on th rodustion (gzarbor,corsfols the specs of he proper by varying ‘Bade angie cepending on omar roquromont, pat oped [sistem and ight conor ENGINE OVERVIEWTS TURBOPROP ENGINE TYPICAL & Ton ENGINE MODEL Pratt Whitney Camada compressor TURBINE 2NosMGe 1sTstAce ‘eoucTION REDUCTION owen ‘AccESsoRy SEAR GEAR TORRES couPREssor ‘GeaROK PROPELLER ‘SHAFT franoreatianzanae SSCS ~—~CCSCSCS*SCSC*RNINE OVERVIEW STATIONS. ‘STATION ‘Loearion TEMP. 6 PRESS. PSA T om = aT 2 ‘Gomoresaorrict = 147 2s Torsiage compressor cy a 3 Compressor dscharge 0 108 a Tine int ae 101 3 Intertine wr 3 é Tin eat =e 16 7] 7 Baus =r ss 1 INOTE:Tomporaurcs and pressuos at ke-o power (18°Cand atc ov fra small PTA ‘ranorinmananioy —__~taanguscomy ENGINE OVERVIEW 18 MAIN STATIONS + aR TAKE 2 COMPRESSOR INLET 2.5- COMPRESSOR INTERSTAGE 2 - COMPRESSOR DISCHARGE PRESSURE {COMPRESSOR TURBINE NLET S-INTERTUREINE 6 TURBINE Beau 7 -exnausr OUTLET Pratt & Whitney Cana Fannacrrannain Tarmac ou ENGINE OVERVIEWTS FLANGES & BEARINGS rainy canada LANGE Beans Maing face where components ao jned gener. A _tachos the Radiction Gosrtox (AGE) ont & ear ousnga ome exhaust ase 2. _tachos he AGS rearhowsing tthe Ne, 3 beating housing _Atachos the east eae othe gas generator case, 1. _Atachos tha Power Trine vang assem tthe FAG ver housing othe aha E. Joins be CT vane asombly together. FF Ataches he inet case to th gos generator case G._Atachos the AGB othe inet cas. ‘hoy uppor na majoring assomies. Ther aro six tseven for AS01656 medal) main baangs onto PTA ein: feo (or four rer besrnge and thee Oa Baannga, Tha ball bearings wittaed tho flowing frosts: “Net bearing Compressor trust (2arare) Tho. beating Power tin ust fawars) No.6 bearing Propel tt forward) ‘Bearings number 2 5,5 andar olor barge. They suppor ada faci ad per ail or movement ‘quedo ermal xpantion ‘SUPPORTED BY ROTOR empresa sha Tatar Pawar turine dal Ne SRoler No.4 Bal Prpalrshat To § Role Ne 6 Bal Ne 7 Rotor (applicable) Malotenance: None onthe bearings. Prvantve msntonare consists oh arog ol evel checks an Inspection ait. Ensure ot proseurais kept itn mis ENGINE OVERVIEWT.10 FLANGES & BEARINGS srmnorramumaanx Susy —~SCSCSCSCSC*CNGINE OVERVIEW TT RIGHT FRONT VIEW, PTSA-40 SERIES Fraror ramon Tana UeON (Gini EWI AD RIGHT REAR VIEW, PTEA-40 SERIES mace ‘Frararramnninton ———————riecnay——SSCSCNGINE OVERVIEW TT LEFT REAR VIEW, PT6A-40 SERIES Ganarrmaeen __taanneusecay STSCI OVERVIEWTTE LEFT FRONT VIEW, PT6A-40 SERIES Frarcorranmcnen —Taauazauy ENGINE OVERVIEW 1.18 BLANK PAGE See ‘rear manaenTON TARE UEEOR VIEW 116 COMPRESSOR SECTION CHAPTER 2 COMPRESSOR SECTION INERTIAL SEPARATOR (AIRFRAME) Function Preectne ene tomingaing gn cect sch as Operation Desoymant of he nari separstor poston orce ain he nal to exer betes orerng ect ro org Fignvelcty pan and are charged ovvoan tough ‘ho soparator bya duc, Notes ne mera separator isan atame-aupptod tam. Not boton rfert tne Arama Mrtonanes Mar wen caring out pevtormance cree, sways tsar that th ner apart doors ae inte ‘CLOSED poatan(nancng). arta copaatr doors leh tne open poston wt cause an case Ng. Tran Win cot bo inerreted as 8 steroratod compressor ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION21 ree “is very important usa the PS eral parte sop- brestorcomponants OD). No using wl ad 16 Inland cory ropa. Use nora separtor ug ax operation andcng hive drop soley we ols athe = Dorota rovorse thrust tow ground = iat cages re popetr apes compreste ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION22 INERTIAL SEPARATOR (TYPICAL) Prat whitney Canada ‘COMPRESSOR ROTOR ASSEMBLY orm, Postion ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION23 Funeton Prowse the combustion cambarwth he correc ast th equred persue and supplies pessuraed aor ‘erat proumate needs CConstrvetion "Thr tur all eto, wrch may be bladed asters (nium ante et age ard stan ‘Sol on he oor} or BF’ (eroray lade roto {anim anda contfugalimpeter (am) ~The oles are hain pare wis Us roe tal lend ‘trough the compresuo loge ~Bllorvanes are mounted aor each wi tor. Operation ‘To ail stage accaleratas the alg whic then decorated through cvorgo stator vanes, hue crossing the ai prescur. Tho same proces is repeated throgrout A compressor anal stages ‘Tha dynam pressure (er vec) generate by tne cinfigal ptr epood is vansormod ie state prossur by ho gas ganeratr case user pas {divergent shapo} wien oaice tho ai epose rd increase ‘he compressor dacrarge pressure (3) ‘The pumbor 1 and2 beeings support ihe compressor oe "Casco a stage lads for FOD everytime the ‘not seroonieorovea Refer one Engine Maintenance Marval for soceplble lade damage and bending ints, ~ Cary out compressor nachos per he Eng Mairtnarca Manus, Chapt 7-00-00, Czering ~The Daualeion Was so remove sal Sopoas ond ight Sapeas em the comprosecr secon ‘Feud be dove dyin a contmuousy eat ladon ‘ronmont and woeky nan ooeasknaly cat Indon anvronment, ~The Bariamance Recoury Wl is equied to ‘amor subbom ot rns cep: ga Pt sing chomial leaning agent owe by 1 rmore water sos, Ths aaring out Be Jone ‘ny when enginapaomance ose eceasle or trendimentonng dates ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION24 COMPRESSOR ROTOR ASSEMBLY (PTSA-64/55/6567) Orne BLEED AMAL VALVE STAGES io, 2 RG, CENTRIFUGAL, Piccouo TWPELLER LES fit No.1 BR. Fannin Tanmayerensy COMPRESSOR SECTIONS COMPRESSOR BLEED VALVE (NOT FOR A‘oWesI60I57 MODELS) _& Pmt EMntner Sonata Purpose ote Pron comorestor stats tow Ng speed th isaac be ae and are to opaceabe ulas spaces tb Enge Description Matenanes era ose operated itn aiding on a de pa "Paso dechgee 2 tomes atlow Na Plo Sed ote back conus corres ues = King daprragm mountontre ve pston serosa rowan lakagetetwoonP.s andthe PEcmamber. -Aeelontalawy fan angele pronto se. Stage may damage the compressor an hs 0:%0n Opera ave te engnelbioe val checked ‘Te ore (3 mod) pressure pushes to close the ve Bee, em toa comeesa Pow hough a primary maton tee ard is ‘roto to th lop a he ston ae to soap a 8 ‘crvorget dergont alo Tho valve dosing pots Scheved dung angie azolevaton when ta pressure ‘ang on he ve dapragm (P3 mo) sufcon to ‘rerme the comprescarinarstag pasar (25) ‘As he compressor spend increases, P3 se faster than P25 ahs nweasieg he preasre acting on he pita > gadualy close The speed (Na) a whch the valve Cones ‘S.atanconof he primary anc convent herent ‘aces sce A tage pay ectce eure as 8 “peed fuss P3 poseut| to dose be vale Fansiarrancnsoavon Tiann@iatoay COMPRESSOR SECTION26 COMPRESSOR BLEED VALVE WITH DIAPHRAGM Prat & Whitney Canada TYPICAL SMALL PTCA stow sueeve eran oarce coven convener Since COMPRESSOR BLEED VALVE (FOR A-64/65/66/67 MODELS) (CLOSED PosmiON ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION27 Pratt Whitney Canada Provons compressor sas at ow Ng speed Construction Nomtones ype piston sizes on aqui gn nde a housing Sealing on te piston maim Palak “ineatbvated teat sontotshe closing po (Ng) fhe ood ate Operation ‘ho oe act on he lees wake piston Px air preesure fishes to dose the blood valve ard 2. a possum {he mterstage compressor arc, pushos open. ‘Pris denved rom P3 ai passes troup a restcton ‘ahonatons oatvaen thane 2 bashing htsing an he ne 2oeaing cover A ow power soting, Pxislowor tn P25 ‘eeping the ood vate cpen nh poston, P2S aa (Srectd into the plonum charbor an roth it case ute. han ne compressor speed nereaes, Px ses tester man P25, thus nereasng te rescue acing oop te piston to gradu los Tha spoad (Nol a which ‘th ve sea = fancon f2 vaabies, One tna P resturant the eocod ithe suc area on ich P28 [Sroressre pushing on ho paton Px pressure depends on tho escion at he out te Eau whores dem Thi “oteson scott bythe iridocaretr othe compressor rine stator arse 'S612117 inredcos a leetod stator sr se5 om corse lenge modelo improve contel of Px pressure Some [RES models (Post 36-1808) aloincofpraia a dasaod “ha suaoe ares on whienF2 5 pushes depends on he Inside diamotr af th loo ve estates saat. Foret lasses of seats ar svasablo fr bless vale closing part ‘adusnent “Tae care oto drop he piston wan the led vaho Sea removed Pitot ote tack continuous compressor sug ie = Beeeerate Sony i an engine spre to surge Shige mey mage the compressor an ho secon. Have te engineltoedvave checks, ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION2S COMPRESSOR BLEED VALVE WITHOUT DIAPHRAGM COLD SECTION TROUBLESHOOTING Pratt & Whitney Cant SEALING RETANING BING ETAL A BLEED VALVE ‘coven ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION29 Ge Mets nmin canst PROBLEM SYMPTOMS AT CONSTANT POWER ‘ACTION REQUIRED Na % wr Ficsiced inet sereon © ° © (Goan andor Tenove obtain Diy compressor w © w Prom compressor wash /revse tveshsthedul Damaged compressor Bases | up cs © ‘Return oan authored overs Tack fy tazmage fe Doyon ent ‘Bleed vale suck open rs w w ‘Ensue Ba nealing between ‘aed vaio and gas genet ease Fplace ood va, Eemal PS areas wareorup [up @ ‘Chock for etal eae on gas poner ‘tr Von seaing suracas ano ca Tread eparaar i byps posiion | up 2 Ran spa ares romalposr Bod vane doang pont aui limi | Oomprssa’ sale place bood vai ound deat. Fanaa nactng nse ‘Gompcessorwibalance Vibration or harming ne inapoat Wat stage compressor Blades terFOD "Not: Cold section problems are alnayscheactataed by a higher TS and Wt Ne usualy eoos wo. ‘COMPRESSOR SECTION210 COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION Pratt Whitey Canada CHAPTER 3 COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION ‘COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION Pratt & whitney Canata netion Grate c oat ra fom na ot exgaog ges {wae ne cergrostor tin, compressor and Aa ‘Eotoes Ato sore tive ne pone toe) ‘rd propete to provide tat or the aera Constretion ular reverse tow cambuston chamber Comoressor tran vane rg assemby Cemprossor ae os habs assem Bower tries housing Tesmavat duet Operation “The he econ ofthe engina is comprised a the components gown err te compressor Hot ‘xpanaing gases lesng the eombuston chamber ae dct tmards me compressor rine Sade bythe ‘omoressr urine vane rng and dive the compress. ‘Gases then ave across th 1 stage powor tune vine ‘ng nc ave tne 1 stag power tne (and again across ‘ha stage or A's enlarger engines). Tune olan is torsmadto the propel vis the power tues Sat and he veaseton gearbox ‘Gasos loving the power tubin(s) a0 explo tothe ‘snoaphars tough he esas oct The exhaui gases ‘28d some el nat onl okt Same exh ‘be “The compressor tutine vane rings suactas tthe ghee! bmperatres wehin tho engine and 3 a taveing "nso th vane afc provide coxung (na cooing on te ‘Re21/27128. te oath the ae cles nto 9s pth “The compressor ubne an he 1! stage power using ve ings ae casiod and mates angina tet stare hat Ng and Ts ara win spat ins ‘Shroud sogmans, pao he Compressor Turina Vane fing Asse, come in store cases (kee) ott lores cemossoc turbine Samos acd mata the (989 between ho compreceer tune Bagea and ne Sognonts tp eearanoe| win spcohed mi, Maintenance: ~Cery out ne compressor turtine wash perth Engine Mantnanee Marua,Chaptr 7100-00, zanna Tho Taina Wash 9 remove salt depoats fo he ‘ones sat aon onitonmont ans weedy han ‘seasionaly sl laden envtonment ote ‘When caning ovt compressor and compressor une ‘esalnaonwashos, tis essen athe compressor ‘waon be done is. ‘iexraarramnnanan _~—Tiwpanunconsy COMBUSTION & TURBINE 32 COMBUSTION & TURBINE SECTION Sekaceee Genet Powen. TyRBiNe POWERTURBINES POWERTUREIE STATOR HOUSES TS comusnonnes Be commesicn ua oy VANERING RSS Fs, coupressoaunane SL DSK RING ASS Hie Rene n eons Foun POnER URINE Waves Paneer "tara oar COMBUSTION& TURBINES HOT SECTION TROUBLESHOOTING © eters PROBLEM ‘SYMPTOMS AT CONSTANT POWER | ACTION REQUIRED ue | ow [we Saaem cane] we] we | Repotion oop sal ang fal poor and reps shoud : fusing ncenary. ‘asialage aunciontawom | same | w | wp | tapsealing es. esiace pane res ctat ondvene Sone Tartare wo faperieed [dam | ww | ww | Rolce vane na ee) {sgn CT sears down | ww | wo | Relao rout searant rex Garren Rela rte Trotedconpresorwitne Bades | down | wp | Ww | Sontersenoy oan auoraed ay fle pean Note: Hot sscton problems ate says characteraad by higher TS an WN usu doe down o remains constant iraarorvamaanaarn ~~ vawongusexsy COMBUSTION & TURBINE 34 Pratt a Whitney Canada GEARBOXES CHAPTER 4 GEARBOXES GEARBOXES onacea sun gear moaning wi toe planet gear ‘mouniedn cars Th thas planet gears mash on he ‘uta wi arg gear nt he reauclon gear cag. “no tet tage gea! camer ares the second tage sun gear cagh ae coupling rangement Pawion to oasis org provide by to frat tag roaucton System ‘The socod stage recucton eystem senate fest Sago bt use ve plano gears retcad of tree. Tho ‘Second stage coi spd oto te propor shat ‘bevel gos on the popste shat prove ives for RGB mounted secossonas ~ Proper Governor! Constant Spend Unt (SU) = Prapoler Oversee Governor (Artara fsaled ‘except for A878) Np tach goerator except A678) ‘On ypc engines a magnet cip detect is mounted on {he Solem on the RGB to provide sm tion fa arbsle casaminaton of ra engine ot eytem, GEARBOXES a7 ‘Accessory gearbox ‘Te accessory goarbox ie a tanta inoarructon loca at thera ef the engine and provides roan for ‘he ongne and alam aossoro suc a: oo pump and Fuel Gn! Unit {State Ganersto [Of presse and soavengepumpe ache generator once 673) "Optaral arama sccosearas Cenirga breather impeter to separate hea Fom the ol inthe accessory gearbox. the impels ‘movnted onthe stare generate goa ‘he accessry gearbox also supp the i er neck ae ips aed Srme the bac wal oxo an “GEARBOXES 2 GEARBOXES Gremio ‘AcoESsORY PROPELLER Goveanon sramten CENERATOR Paope.ier ‘VERSPEED Fue, Governor PUWBIFCU ‘oproNaL AccESSORY ipTaCKO aE scavence => NgTACHO 8 AVENGE 2 Puls staves ‘A VeWED FROM FRONT AS VIEWED FROM REAR ‘rears vancnoenron THAR ISEORT GEARBOXES 43 BLANK PAGE GEARBOXES 34 om sysTEM CHAPTER 5 OIL SYSTEM ow system ‘OM SYSTEMS esr ‘The PTOA engin ol sstom consists ofa possu, a Zovenge anda beater sytem. The beaten sytem provide aconstaresuppy ot oan ot the angina Barnes, rducion gear accessory ste, ou meter tom ang propetergovernar (or propal pen sn. spoad conto} ‘The lank etogrtesin the engine aint casing. The co ubncats and cools a bears and eames ony fextransous mata he ol iter wheres precuoed rom {ura easton. £ ep detectors oeatedin ne ‘aduclon gears (on em engine mod, may alo be Toeated on to AGB or une tha et esa) oat tal parilos and warm oporaors of mts centunination On Eomo aoplosns, he chip aetcor lo soaneetod to @ ookpe wang ih Pilot's ti ™ Anas feather tne propete rot shutng down he tng, th il alow he rom te proper a RGB aoa to make ts way back to theo tan. Tis Weil gve you moe consent lve Operating Sn engin wah the ol proesur alow he rocommendod vase may cas severe eemal damage Ratt tho POX tthe omergoney procediasto be folowed unser om 0! posture orton tor aol evel check, aways make sure he lceng (cap b wal secured, (01 Systm Servicing “se approves synth sisted par the apoteats serve bola = Ne intermsng at ditaen ol brands or coos in sn engine = Chock theo eel 18 o 20 cuts afer hut down, “ithe engine hae ben ent down or more tan 30 ruts 0 the Spates ato ha ol naod, un engin at grou for 8 mines Boore Fecnesking ive = Ensure the he of pressure itn nts. Dipstick and ot sight glass: Shows the of guar) noose to keep ta tank, oral oosot evs MAK COLD’ or wthin na geen and forthe engines equpped wih ssi glass. nore Fang the cto MAX COLD’ may rast high al ‘consumption {1 ol eng the AGS breuon, Tis tay ato ccvur wh ves cna to US ua Bol MAK COLD’. Operators are avisea 1 sovco the ot te ov tat san acceptable ‘conumptn, dawnt 3 gusts below the max, eceosay. Locking Cap: Saas th lank when coaed by teh, Rem sve ler neck tha bal chock ae that rests he oho ot of hoo tank case ‘wreng)yrsaa tock cap has on rodeo Undorthe flaming SB: 1001 18, S378. 12105, 13940 8 4901 ‘OIL SYSTEMS on. FB} prove. seo ox presse FreareoremaeTeR ran vse ou ow sySTEWS3 BLANK PAGE © fee FaamoTeamnaznton aac yi STEM Sa ‘SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM CHAPTER 6 SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM ‘SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM ‘SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM General “Turbine section cooling and aibioed system The sacodary ar system consi of angine sifow used intemal passages nthe engine dsrbuto Pir to provide {bteier means an reauciny pow cooing fo the comtuston camber ttn ara vane Regs, ‘ator cooing, he ars ovacusadn tha gas path Using ne samo tribution passapse, P28 and PS alr aro froided tothe no, 2and beating lebrinn sos. Tha ‘Sows eta the beating compartments ands evacuate ‘athe olseavenge system and daehorge overboard Through the cantfuglbrenthr pall vata nthe accessory gearbox Teoping on tn gas generator cas provides P25 andlor PO site err systems sus as cab envronnta con tol stam, 300m sytem, door ~Qparaton ol he tal page va pat of he tel onl unt (CU) “Te to sources of ir used inthe Secondary Air System ae “P25, Comraseor interstage a presaue =P3, Compressor clvery peste miariarranmaaion —__yuananguacoray _ SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM62 ‘Pratt whitney Canada ‘TURBINE COOLING AND AIRBLEED SYSTEM (PTA SMALL) GS caer cosa rg Fiano Taaicavon —____uanasiscay SECONDARY AIR'SYSTEM63 BLANK PAGE Peers ‘rararamaranton Yiarauzouy SECONDARY AIR SYSTEME4 ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM whitney Canada CHAPTER 7 ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM ‘recor Pammenvon a ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM71 ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM QS Matte nnitney comes Purpose ‘Typical Cockpit Indicators ye Provic ha po wih inseatons concerning the “Yellow: Taraiont oprang ran ‘gin paramoters curing ight Treen: Normal aporating ange Provide he roqulred data for EOTM (Engine Condon Red.” ulside of alone vance “ona Mentone) and paformance check oa he Description Dire systems are designed into the engno to vanemit ‘Sgt suchas torque, propollr speed. tarursne tomperaur,comprastor speed, st Al esa signals are ‘ontelectnaly the neurone palin he cod ‘Typical srrame inleston esau aston forune temperature system (T5017) dotectoefption) Indicating systems bul into the engine intrtrtce temperatre sytem (79), Torus ination etm Ship detoeor aauar vanes TaN OY ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM 7.2 ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM ‘TEMPERATURE INDICATING SYSTEM Purpose Prove the lot wih an ination ofthe agin tempera {ure betwopn the compressor bine an ees age ower urna vane ing (tation 5 Description “lo 1 aida! mermocoupie env ake) {Comber of thermocouple wil vary by engine model Sod also by $8) postive Qu Bar (crore - smal ia enacts) 1 hogatve bs bar fame! lage sao cannon) Ti robe (maybe be acta eo clas ype opening on 88) 2178 wring names Operation 1S Tompaatu ineases, an neoasng weage fe Senomtod at the cemotaluma!uneson a ath fhermecoupe, ‘Uneven heat istibuton within he gas path causes Inaidualthormocoupios to so doom loners and (generate aterantvollages ‘obiain an average reatng, th thermocouples ae connected npaate Ais, aban probe, ete ver ho Ina az connaosn paral th ho probes to coreck ‘er eampting errors ana bas the avragetamerstre The "sutantcorectd tompartiais Yea nha cockpit ou reurenaune ©) ‘oveEsCme Pe) rorewen sre ‘ei ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM73 Prat & Whitney Canada saa Burst Probes TS rope duo o ose of probes Ina pets typi Sheri Gweuit To | | Tedops de wo compels or Ground Pata bos of 75 alana Tr Probe Open” | TSineessns dv to ione oF ire timing ono gh Resietanece 09 | Te crs doe w rouucion ot TSereutBerwoen | TS signa tthe coop gege Engine Ana Aerat. ase Tim Probe Resltance | TS reases wn eaianee be increases and vice versa ‘Maybo duo o ne now 8 ene der ena ‘Mayba mher on ona engine 17 [natch Hor Star” Pit tip: ‘Operaing ne gine ay of above Maximum | temperature may damage or shorten hot section component ie tot into: avium TS (TT Sri nd nota get ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEMT.4 TEMPERATURE INDICATING SYSTEM Prat ney Canta 1G Mtn canae ‘TERMINAL BLOCK OR BRACKET (SPN OH cae )~) {Ft PROBE (WARABLE OR FED CLASS) TORQUE SYSTEM Purpose Provide an onboart power tarence for tho pe. Description ‘Tho orquo ystoris a hyke-mecanical system “ig it pe ng gir wt oe ses finder Spring ieaded ot conte ave persion ‘Torque appt th prpsto induces a smal ettonl nd rearward movant othe et stage ang goa Ts ‘moverantis de oe seal spines on hag goat The eg goer pusos the piston ard th conta vv. Maung th conta valve oto ear ops soi ad allows, rove presour to purh ont ston apt he ng (ear mechancal ico ‘Th movement of the ng oar or a given ogy sts when meted ot presse n he fraue met chamoee {tach balaraoy tho roaraar oc a he fo See ‘Sate a proseur inside he racucton geathx aes onthe torque meta plton ard woud eae errno oreo ‘reading, For is reason abe pressure sort tthe tranecucer and sutactd om the torque rasan, CK GAGE — Mi ye ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM7S “Troubleshooting radian Are ‘Control Veh ‘tuk Open ‘Worn Piston Seal ings. Detective TranaduestiGage ‘oilin RGB ‘Slate Ling | "era indeaton ow Seta pressure tthe max eit Torque ay ndleale gh oro “Torque fuctuation Pitot tip: When reporting a problem make sur th roltonship betwoen Ng, Nb ad Tals noted Pitot tip: * uly toraue tranesucer may cause he engine _arsmaters fo ncicale ger or Iver tan noma ‘This sy to uncorstand as ho pt sot ongine ower using iorue as relerence. ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM TORQUE SYSTEM rae suncan renege romt CTE ToRouE raessine sesucnonceanaor ‘Somers Yoav ot resi ‘ane ane on nessune TonoueAsron — cnutoen —werchnaonIrce Low POWER HiGH POWER SiNFLSTTanuanascn”——trunnsusreacr ENGINE INDICATING SYSTEM7.7 BLANK PAGE (DICATING SYSTEM7S IGnrTon system Pratt & Whitney Canada CHAPTER 8 IGNITON SYSTEM IGNITION SYSTEM TeniTion svSTEMaaT Pratt a whitney Conada Prowge he enargy source nacasary oignte the hie on syst yp can be uses on the PTEA ‘1oW plug a spark igniter = Glow plug system: ‘The glow pug sytem consis oa curenrogulat, {ho fonsion Isa and wo glow page ‘This ystom usa he raat produced at thet a the gow plug incandescent ign the airtel itr, “stipe ea bo ound on ho 820 [re S81 429) 28 wo as on th 82172728473 pre SB-*708). ~ Spark igniter system “he spar gor syetom casi fn gion axcter {wo High tnsion cable and two spark nto. Tha sea a high enty spa produced a the tp park ger toignte the aa mtr When starting an engine with glow plug syer ‘wnt en addona seconde afar ig hae paesed Through ora sttzed above tbe minum hgh ‘Speed, blo advancing the Fol Conditon Love ‘This il alow ho pugs to reac hi glow port (GNITION SYSTEME ‘SPARK IGNITER SYSTEM owen Tuna STATOR HOUSE caseers ions 5 ‘ » von Chetes Faapuorranuanonicn ~~ asmeuscouy IG NITTON' SYSTEMS BLANK PAGE jurnauouy IGNITION SYSTEM.@ PERFORMANCE Whitney Canada CHAPTER 9 PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE CHECK PERFORMANCES Purpose ‘Anau PTEA wl poduce the quod powor wih obsenes [rng peed ana Wt blow he rpoctve amis by 2 oii amount en ial te margin, Margin ua into ory naw PTEA,peredeally an engine eas 8a nin and hacked agaist he armors posormance chats ‘aha vena ots margin “Theaters perormance curves exabishes th engine Berane ims an accoptase ang rere {Emogpheieontons whch parma verano he rains conson ovr a wide angueamert mbes ans pressure ates nino exceed forme, Ng or TS ima " The chek i pavomod at a given poner where engine torque pressir (Ta) ae propotr sped (Np) are constant rd valves canes for Ng. TS ana Wf te conpared 0 ‘he cha ints ‘Te inervaie at oporators dlereon ott ~ Ar engine tat exceeds the perrmance ena mts, [Rk Saye under the gage rene, does not mean fe npn good but eprcont an erga tat has elon ‘aay ts arg an shuld be repaed = Ailongine alge used dung gt ore dette bya POH Operang ne angne beyorane requted power may not exceed any ofthe mecharica tras but ray coset he engine ging process and load pre ae pars. ~ Altorms of engine cetrioaton ave accomsaried by Snincrase in 13 and Wat a gan power Compros- Ser deteeraion In moat cases, veto dit copes Sndeautas an noroaeoin Ng st gen power seiog ‘his torm of deteroaon canbe romesed by fxs Cleaning Hot Seeson dear, In moa aces fauses decrease n Ng ata ghen power seting. Devsatons tom the preted values inte Aiea Maintenance Mara arent cauee by thomesives fr {engne ejacton, Le ruteshocting an sivas! testing as eared ‘io, a ing pacormanco parameter euside the fxpecied vlue usualy mean atau nt ting Syste An ergo ft oly inetd by 9 oF ‘ore pettrmarce pmo ousie ha expeiod PERFORHAN ENGINE PERFORMANCE CHART (TYPICAL) Pratt Whitney Canada | INTERTUNANE | GaseveRaroR | FUELLOW | TARGETTOROUE Teipgrarine | “SDnge wear) Fr3) o_o | mm | ox so oe 0 no_amn T T T T 1 1 1 1 t 1 A A A 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 Hl ' i ! 1 on 1 w “aRGeTTOROUE v see bat = me oo] 2 ao Swvopnesume "| Stromesune ft oro) tps 100 EiMMPLE: ont = wc We = 1 sao = 2381 NH Wr > Ss0.anA ENGINE CONDITION TREND MONITORING MTT = Fave TARGET TO = 2000 FEL PERFORMANCES (Gp Patan canata Purpose ECT is a process which alows the ueorto moni the tngin petrmance and = Pormit cary detstion af engine detateraion “Redueswoublesnooing tne by Sct the teeing fo the general ares roquiong atantion on tho onan = Redios operating and maintenance costs “increase dpate rladaty “to or ops to Be porormed a the most feancrncal ie on for"On- Condition Hot Section Inpection” ‘Adkstional information is avilable under the flowing ‘SIL GEN-010: forthe System Vilomaton, harduare fequromens and ace ‘SIL GEN-011: forthe Dcigntod Analysis Centers (OAC) SIL GEN055: or gona normation regarding ECTHT™ SIL GEN-PT6.021: fr Ata Avionics Corporation, wc fle the possibly of ncoporaing an automate cording Syston forthe aera poametre Description ‘Tho Engine Condition Trend Monitoring sessenaty a ‘href pocens 1) The folowing inh cack ta maybe gathered by the lot by an aomateooarder, TTereue “Propeller Specs = Compressor Spood inter rine Temperature TF Fo “indeated Ouse Ar Temperature “Pressure Atte Ineatoa Arepood 2) The daa is mathematcaty converted to standart Candons (eo lov!) an fron comparad oa nominal ‘Sng (a matnonascal melo prosuc deta, Wrch ‘ge pesoriad apically o par Wend analysa. The ‘trary tation ofthis program to ako tho data {routs 2 produce a gaphea ouput Tho ouzut can [e eicoy ower on tho steer or ete tor tale cays, 3) The last, and saul important parts the anys of the vende Ths org he oa or the “On-conation Hr concept at Secon Iepecions ae well as OF Shading othormntonanea sven 3s compressor vwaanes, Sabument carson andr rpavoment PERFORMANCES ENGINE CONDITION TREND MONITORING CHART (TYPICAL) tt 4 C 2 8 ALA 5 LIN 1 Ih | of 4} BY S| Raf — ; — TE PCO anor ramamamiae —___finnnsaszousr PER FORANCE DS ENGINE CONDITION TREND MONITORING (CONTINUED) Minimum requirement or vals ECTAR™ data ‘Sources ot eror “Record deta once dy ov evry 61 8 hous ‘Mana ecocing ol EOTM dala Soler ght wth ho ngosteuice porton Engin nt sabod (sabe for Soe minim Remain whine same a Bare 0 wane cock ever movement) Sel poner for rice aspera! (POF) -Tansenecni nich causa sataron he end raph No tote opp spees aghusiont ors mints ge ears shit he da pots op or down hay power exetion iste repeated ‘aponding onto oro (eae boton page). 7 Sotalimetert 29.02°Hg fo getthecorect pressure -Inlerretaon of eadngs cn mal analog instruments ‘tude “iratarent maura contro to nreaca ne =!Mboth the Total Ae Temperature (TAT) and State ie ‘Sater on he tens grap “amporatura (SAT a avalablo, so TAT sco he = THO ECTM program compris for mismaich ECTM program uses Spood ior conscten Daremtars baer ns two engines as ong as ~Analae data win 2a Socuratesovamatere are prone ‘The Precision of vecorded parameters is important: ullary power Targoting Ta and Np "Vanabl oad oxo rom hangin sun as: “eco dat win mints ganeratoritornator.rycraul it cenaing ans ie decid aocuray is ona decimal pan when Bod aiatet ts total engine ouput recording hip (6° N2) and Ng for Nor TPS, = ory powor lent measurable then ore) Vaan ine engine load atlas the trend accuracy = Dentaung tho numbars up or dawn {The engin load conden must be repeated Bory nS prefetle at the same gages are epeatety time ht ECTM parameters ae recoded ‘ood la. plots) = oi paralie aoe racniortauuanenion anmisuseayy PERFORMANCES 6 ECTM- PARAMETER ERRORS & messmo ee LA! “LL “| AW. + r AAI I! LA A caret Tqwotle —NpstoRPM—saciay US OK nvenin Teolw tak hgh Tool a Toonah Weorr OPERATING LIMITS, PERFORMANCE 97 Operating mits eter the Pct Operating Hanabook (POM) ortho ‘Arar Wainteraneo Mena or eis —PAWC phosophy esses thal he POM power Specteaon, fra ange, be manned ihrugrout tho io ofthe engine “Tha angina deign adler his perfomance Lunt normal wear sesesoe that 2 Het Stn Inspection Hi or complete overaul i Yeaueed when tr eng can no longer chavo to section war winout exceeding operating tents) = Except rile, a power songs re sto torque. 5 ‘3nd Ng ate to be check or encosdance ony Take-off (TO) ‘Take Of power alows hear to sally tt and cmb ata rodtormine rat ae show no! be assole wt Faximum powar or maximum Ng W's schnly a power sting dato by wares maruletrer wenn ne nai’ rates poromanco, Tis sting foun he OH and shoud not be devitod fom, Take-Ot i usualy Tiedt smi, time {Cimb power i usualy sata torque btn alin “uation nominal TS becomes the prvaton factor Ashe acral ree, to engine is cubated to aranshing “mounts of iwc ower vats per The pl may ‘Stamat to baing the po up has raking the TS nee ‘accordingly. Arts port, tre cme shuld be targeted to @ ‘omina! 13 Crs Diflornt cus setings canbe foun in te POM ane aro Ssottoa lngat toque, Ave seting such ne menu use of arora enc wl optniae oho epood or {el econory ora comoinaton of bath PARAMETER EXCEEDANCES ~ Overiomperatzo,ovrorque and verspaad cond fens srecumuatve Several smal excursions above he operating kas seas damaging as lrg oxcodane is erportat fo report tre exesedanos nesta + Record ho peak value ardufeton fhe wresodare 5 oceuaely es possi. Foor an excursion beyond he operag es, you must eary ou the cooaponsng inspection Togutemonts ns found he Engine Maintenance Manual (eo 7200-0, ispodtion, Unscheduled Inspeation section fr aaa) PERFORMANCE RELATED TERMS Main ‘Ameurt of unadvartsed porormanco, which used a the ngina gels olde to mautln hs rated power ‘Transient acceleration pot hat you pase rough but never dal PERFORMANCE 93 PT6A-65B OPERATING LIMITS Power ‘SHE ‘Maximum | ol oil setting | @oar | Tove oT te (NP Pressure | Temperature | If PSt) °c RPM /% | RPM/% Psi ee Taree [Te] aes] ase ame oa] roDTIOD | SORE | Tow TO | Maximam 1100 3625 810 | 38,000/ 104 | 1700/100 | 9010 135 1010110, continous Maximum | 1000 | 3885} oop |SOODDTIOR | Wo0TIO | Gow | Tove Tee ‘Sales Normal eriee! | 100 | 0605 | —T60 | e9at0 Tor] 17007700.) cove 788] Tow ‘na cin Wine wa | Br ra | vw Saring | toon ele 7 ite |= ae sco | aro~ ]sac00/s04| 18707 110 [aw200™| —~0.TTO | Wax Revere | mf >| 700 > [raerar | meres | to Tor Time it TTS accords “Setteconde Fepuor ramen ~Thannause uy PERFORMANCE 99 BLANK PAGE aecar rawcanaen Runaase ON PERFORMANCES0 FUEL SYSTEM Pratt Whitney CHAPTER 10 FUEL SYSTEM POWER MANAGEMENT (TYPICAL INSTALLATION) FUEL SYSTEMIO7 & Natta wntaeycanaee “The PTEA ongine operation is aecompliahed with tree lovers in to cockpit. 1) Power Lever (PLA or tot) ‘The power iver use Yo conto tha compressor speed and to contol the propeller pich mre. The evo connected to aca custo cama leat on ‘ho accossory gearbox. Tro cam vanamis te power lover movement tothe ue contrat ult which moos ‘Mo uel ow otha angie and Ng spe Inte foward operation modo, the poms ver cortoa [Ng speed only an has ne eflecontna propeller system (es beu vate} From le (inka power positon tthe ul vere potion, the power lover inerases Ng and sa moves {ho bea valet carga he proelarHode angie {nar he rverce positon. Ths range of eperaion Folonoato as be ground toa range Taxing ofthe ‘reratisaccempshodin is range. 2) Fuel Lever (Fuel Condition Lever): “Ths ul oar, inthe shut poston stops ful tom to the comauston chamber and auses an engine to shut ‘down. Al engin sa, he ow il postion sows the Plo send loth combustion chamost when the rect Ng speed racnad (2% oF 3% mini ‘dapanang ante engine moda, ‘The High poston (optional i he inmum Ng {compressa speed) alowed fer fight operation and is foo utes fr cose ganeraor tarts (wran appa), 3) Propeliar Lever ‘The propo lvelis connected a he speed lever on tholgp of the Provalr Governor (Constant Spocd Unit (FCS. ts uso or wo purposes: “cena the proper spe nthe Governing Make (crise) ~ Alou tho plot to feather te proper on he ground orto enge sn down or og igh, ne event ‘Stan engine matneton. Notes Engines opaate wth to levers combine te Ful andthe Propel Spe Love fonctions. Sing ngin aera may so nave 3 Manual ‘Owamide caver sy be clled tne WO. Emergency Lever, ot) whi tobe used ony inte ewe of loss ofFCU pneumate presauro. The cworio eer provides manual coro fhe Fuel Contes Units fst Fretring viva Dua toto sonst ee lv, [pert slony fo prevent engine surge, ‘rerenperature,overepood o veto condtons FUEL SYSTEM 02 POWER MANAGEMENT (TYPICAL INSTALLATION) Pratt & Whitey Canada tn owen an rower Fane, evense ANGE sci —p ron anu rearieg PONE ou PROPEL AMASSY even PROPELLER GOVERNOR towne sHuFORg ae eve cna ne i omy ee eeezeezeVEL GY STEMI AGS FUEL SYSTEM Purpose Protiges the engine wih clean uo at ho roqured prossure ‘and owt parm eartol of engine power: ‘The ul estom components conte! he folewtg esr: Proper low at mmm fs rast specs + Seater katona he opens during ta ~Contosing oun ale speed =Provsng aatong supe fe accetraton “Limranga maximum compressor sped (No) “Proving a ania deceleralon wheat exinguchog = Providing fl shutoff an dump aftr shut own ‘Components Foe nesiar Fue pump et sent unt Fon cider or tart low contol “bust mans eaaoirs Fel nazis (simple: dupes) Fuel din vee Fuel contel marua vere ever (ertan mls) “Fuel cntlgouarrocovery sytom estan modes) Overtraue liter o”oruo oat (aan rede) Fuel end adatves Relea ne Service Suton of yout spect engine mode ‘Erte complete Ising of approved, ested and ‘omergoncy Wels as wot ae nave (or example: an ovesten, art tong ant-mcrebal. st). Note Use of Aviation Gasaine(AVGAS) I mite to 150!hour per engine beeen oveval periods (THO). escipion Pat rom the ara ark is san otha ue estar oe cxmere ata boost puns From te ual haat, ua (Greed ote al pam “The uo pump sone igh pressure fue othe ful conto in wl termine the corect uel shasta fore ‘aque power and ambient centens dopening onthe Power Lever positon (PUA), he engne Ng and Psgras. Tho els an reco tthe ow dior or tart ow orl when wl operate ho stareng fow For te oval ring How bel i's dlvered ate fo Imanoide nd hon he fol noses Th ol nosis wil mae te ol nse the combustion ner “Te ul tain valves ocated under ne gas generator ce, fr uate dai sida hs, Pitot tip ‘or rain shutdown, vary fre proper operation of 72 Fuel Hester for acessve operating tomperatures.Roler {othe Engi Maintenance Warval (71-000, Post ‘Shutdown check} ter data. FUEL SYSTEMT08 eee G ratesmimeonte oo oe fear Sitges sme an fo FUEL LEVER ae FUEL DISTRIBUTION pone COMBUSTION ’ eee im opens Ro, re enue famone OTE ENGRES WTA FLOW ODER VALVE FUEL CONTROL UNIT MANUAL OVERRIDE Purpose “The nasal over fotos foundon most single aging PTCA povored area ac part of ha Fuol Camel Unt (CU) alos the plato area coral the FCU Feumete secon nthe evo a ls of FCU poumac prossur@ (3 ory) Description Int event ofa Pa Pyairloss ora FCU poaumate secon rmafuncten, he pt can manzsly corel the below ulate the FOL wrkag a pressure (SP) an cota engine power A specs lever x prvi inthe coco that oe. Operation ‘Movemnt ofthe manual over lover the cack wit ‘oats he manual waide coral lever ante PU. Te ‘overall aston ne FCU belows saan Tne ale o! scceoraon stablshed by ho speod at whch the pl ‘movos th lever, Any brut eetng change can cause Compressor sini o oreste an cvorspaed,ovtorgue or ‘veromperture contin on to angio. Pit tip “Some movement lhe Manus verse Conover Fesuling no incre i engre power normal ~Tho untn es echeduo ana naeucone may Be batt te Atame Naetensnce Male POF ‘ho PAVIC Engine Matonance Manu FUEL SYSTENTOS Pratt & White ‘unetion Test (plea Fling an FOU a engine change os part of an anal frame tone wepocien sto tbe Auer Maltorarce Mania), check ne seraeeabaty of he manual ovrrdo ‘jor as flows: 1a out he state check wth he angine shutdown pet the Engine Mairtonance mara! 2, Sat she Manual Overide Cntr lover tothe OFF postion 3 San he engine 4 Alow he engine to warm upto apeating temperatue 5. Keep tre Fuel Contin Iver at GHOUND-DLE postion. 6. Koop the Power Cont ve a GROUNDOLE postion 17. Stouty2evanso the Manual Overge Control oa" wie cheering IT. emu and Ng tal es Keep Ng ‘maxima ieeace under (por second 1 Stowiyincroase Ng nl a 15% inareace above grune ‘le speeds ostaned.Thisindeates prope tuneboneg ‘ofthe Manual vera Sytem | 9 Stowtyresuce the Manual verde Cates lever to OFF positon, aeping Ng decroaso under 4% Ng er second Fancormaatnaain———~SCSCSCSCSC RORY ——CSCSCSCSCSC*R SYSTEMS FUEL CONTROL UNIT MANUAL OVERRIDE " owen RECOVERY LEVER METERING VALVE ee10% OVERTORQUE LIMITER-CONTROLLER Function: 2 baccup unit wien prevents agaist excessive engine ‘retrgie sonatn dng arse operaton. escipion: caletalons wei songs he 1orqsomen pressure ands ke 68 Py bles ace Itcan found on ho ftowing engine modes: ‘AV/42/¢2A1AIOGAITAFipost SB 14050) A078ipast SB Sash erqvemetor chamber pases though 9 raster beore anlorng fe bebows. Th roster dampors rue procsurefuctuton and prveris mage toma patows ausemty ithe engine tora pressure reaches spect iit bore the maxim ported tora, bo betows exoands 4nd comprassoe tho sping ho agar vave wi fan ‘move alow Py a preaur trom ne us ental ut 6 Bleed to atmesprore and thorofre lt he el SUPP 0 moongne. ‘enolase aro mounted on te ering to commponste forvaratons of png fonsion ease by eranges the anbinttomperatre. roan @| Le SPRING ‘wooowaRD FUEL SYSTEM 107 Pratt & Whitney Canada ‘On some modes, a solenoid valve may used te cisabe the ‘Sr itor taco nn he sits reqazes Te ‘ono wae logo when bocomes do powered to rovort Pyar reacting th ora loro cover Pilot in: The lis always responsible for operating Ihe gro wv lis aven fia engine equbped wth Shoverorque miter orcontoter unt ~The austen valu ortho unt usualy say Inghorthan ho Take Ot oe imo torque values sate Inthe POM ort Engine Maintsnancs Manual operat regs FUEL SYSTEMI08 ‘OVERTORQUE LINITER-CONTROLLER ———- ‘ADJUSTMENT: a . 7 peattae? Biers eras) awetaLuc | | sx ot reSrRIcToR NoawaL, Posi ‘OvERTORQUE Postion. Franpucir amanaaron saan en "FUEL SYSTEM 103 BLANK PAGE Grama Frearoreaninnaiton —__tramervarousy FUEL SYSTEM070 PROPELLER SYSTEM Gp Paes wminey cansss CHAPTER 11 PROPELLER SYSTEM PROPELLER SYSTEM PROPELLER SYSTEMTT] Gite Whitney Canada {Chango the powar produce bye engine in ust in ler to propel ha srl tough hes Description "The popes use on PTSA engines vary fm one Aarne model the next wlhave fem Bre to sxados And va mado of metal or composte materi. ‘Tey aw ofthe vale pening acting pe. A Proper Govern (Constant Spazd Une CSU), rmowrtes on tha reduction gaarboe, aust th amount of Sigaing:o na proper wach wil ary the Hae ange ‘bmanzan ha proper speed sels bythe ‘men more power appig the angle o tack othe Dado isrerease automatealy to alow the propeller to abso the aationel aneray wthou an ior nthe proalr speea Operation (Of pesto rom tha propstor governor tows trough ne Dopaler chat saove rth popala sat and then fo ‘he propetar san ton, ‘As the propel hub ol pressure nceases, the sone Doon 6 pushes ward and heather epngie ompreseea Tho servo paton movements tanemited to ‘ha proper bie cosa via sytom of levers wich ‘ing ha ade toward ana ten poston. When the propeller a pressure is decreased te propstor fearnecng spring and dla courterwsghts fore thao out te servo pston and orange te Hada pte Towards & Pitot Tp “PTEA propos aoe singe acting ype meaning you ‘ned i pressure fo gel he propel eu ot ater, no ‘ipresere sna tha progssar stays fetes Law a ‘rose ll mean mor mse get the poplin [tthe eatha postion lta ier pe) at al! Wen deing te Popeter Osorspaed Governor check, ‘make se power lors are malnasediw faved a ‘verorquo oho angine = ¥en reocng snags on prover system make sure lalcerparancier movements (TT Nes 9 ~The osclatng Beta ight ted, when esting he ‘ou ach sop, means the prooeteis wing © 9° boow to Primary Slade Ange postcn (PBA, Low Pen tp, Fight Fine, lc) tnaras te rovers peh psion but te low pin eystom i cucoostuly| Provoring trem aang 0! PROPELLER SYSTEM TZ PITCH CHANGE MECHANISM PaOPELLER GGoveRNon (csu) WOVES FORWARD — FROM PEATO REV PROPELLER GOVERNOR (TYPICAL) Purpose ‘Cott ne arount fo ging ote repli tallw or ‘ropeier speed conta and fasterng. Seed pt Socon fos with governor figs wich ‘act aginst a speeder song. Movement ofthe fyweghs tellmave he pt vane to conte arnout oof9095 ‘he propetar io agus te Base ane Modes of Operation {The Propeler Governor has four medes of operation 1. Governing Mode: range of operation wnace he angina erie ulcer io maintain te repr epee feleced byte plot ny varying tho oide angie. This ‘ange of operation's typialy betwen 75% and TOO Np ara i corto by he Powor Laver 2. Beta Mode (onward): ange engine o operation whore the dade ange lsat ha Prinary Blade Angi atin (PBA, Low Pith stp, Pgh Fie, ele}. The propel Beh stop sion a diol faton ol he bat ae stan Thi range of operation sedan he proons Er ow power gh wih Ie PLA tho le stop gate PROPELLER 7 seamen 7 SPRING: BLADE ACTUATING LEVER PROPELLER SYSTEM 13 Pratt & Whitney Canada {3 Beta Mode (revere) tha ange of apeaton where the ‘Base ange lebetwetn te Privary Sage Ange nlon and rowree. To pepolar pach ea doc {unction oho Bt! va potion. This range ‘peration's used one ground wth the PLA boom lo eoo gate poston revere secon on he cook Power Lover quadra), also brs ho ange power ‘verse by Bain a From he FCU preumate bacon, 4) Feathering: people lesteringisschaved oy ‘elarting tre Propolor Spee Laver tothe eater poseon.Thsvilatbw dump eco om th propeller Ecko te educton geartoe Do nt move tha Cock Powor Laverna th proper revore ston (Le bolow the la gate o dele. tent engin stopped. This is to peovet damage tte pepe rovers nkage Reverso may ony 0 Salocod wth he agin runing ar tho proper turnng PROPELLER SYSTEM TT PROPELLER GOVERNOR (TYPICAL) ‘SUPPLY PRESSURE | RETURNTO PUMP [i PROPELLER SERVO PRESSURE PROPELLER AND POWER TURBINE(S) OVERSPEED PROTECTION ko tae reesare 8 siuTorr VANE [- ooxiron LENO wave | Nowovenen Pratt & whitny Canada yoRA, Lowrey aoa. PROPELLER SYSTEMTT5 Pratt & Whitney Canada Purpose ‘Toprovie for protection spans proper an power utils nape. Tae ar sts on fe ‘eaueton goa IN Governor (preumat, part Proper Govern = Propeler Overpeed Governor (ha, Arm) ‘Governor Purpose In orwar proper aperaten, wil prove a ack up tothe Proper Overspeed Govemar (AF) Il Ira Np to ‘anproximatly 6% abava selected propeller speed, In veers proper operation, wil it propeter peed (reverse tus by loading Py tom the -CU, us ting ‘engine pomer il cata Np to approdnataly 5% below selected propaler speed Description ‘The NI governor sostion consis ofa Py Bead a eset post arecet arm anda essiev actos ty be speeder orig up Into ovnt ta proplacverpocd not canted by the governors yrsts nthe CSU wl mov curd nl fe pede spring cup eonact the eet aver, “Tee movement of he rosa ver arcund e pot ops the Py arpocsage to bad intone recuehen gearon Ths roaucee ts fal supp toe srgne. the the proper Speed ‘PROPELLER OVERSPEED GOVERNOR (typical Purpose raves back upsrotecton agains rope and power tufine cverspaed Tas on astrame proved ston {@2copt ont PTB 678 mode) wil omit Np ‘anproximsely 4% auove the maximum propel seed. eserption “The goremor hess asa of fywsight connected a speed input section. The ywoiht'seentugal ce {ctng agate soangs a speeder sping and a rset Spina, whan the proper spd reachos a specie kit shove ‘hamanimumn Np the governa lywses ub cont ‘ate and Bid a proplor sera mothe eduaton (garter sump, casing th ado angit Ineease. An ierease m ble pc pus more oad en tha engne and ‘Sows down ne ron “Totes the un. a spaed rect slonois ie enorizd and seg ol prossure pushes agains a fesel ton to cance, ‘he fet of he raat sping Wh ess seg ondon acting ‘onthe ywoigt, he everpecs govemor con bo tests pea lower then maim PROPELLER SYSTEM TT PROPELLER & POWER TURBINE(S) OVERSPEED PROTECTION Py s1ez0T0 IINOSPHERE speeven SPRING CUP Frou PROPELLER Foreign Objet Damage (FO) othe propor and mrariorramanaios —_yassiguseuy ~~ ENGINE OPERATION 27 PROPELLER FEATHERING AND ENGINE SHUTDOWN G& rate cme PROPELLER FEATHERING Moving th Proper Lovet th Feather positon wll featner ho proper by woutng tho rom the propel hub nto te Reaucton Gearbox Pilot tps Alay eater te proper pir shutng down the engi, he wt aon theo rom he propor an. FIGBareato ako to way back othe ol tank Thi wi (v0 you mors eonaetot os teva mize engine operation with the propor neater ‘hs ang hgh ll worperture igh TS and igh racele tompeatu. ENGINE SHUFOOWN [Moving Condition Lover om ta Low-ldlegoston tonaras re Fuel Cu Of postion al stop the Wl devory ange Pitot ip ™ Allow angie tb20 fr @ minimum a one 0 ‘nuts el mina obiainble TTS (2 mnt or {ne A-608465166167 engines) pear nuting down, Avid propel wining by retaining to propoter ‘Sar engin naa boon srt doar or won to astra ‘Stnanended ‘ieneuoreanunnanon —~wwzuseouy ENGINE OPERATION 728 POWER MANAGEMENT, COMMON SENSE APPROACH Grn Use conservative power managernt Corinaous stort o reduce cporatng costs fe curate STARTING and SHUTOOWN ™Reprocant the argos eporture change hart jing) and ha urbines se moa alts. ie lade ipa coeur during ge arma gacient He Star += Sheu yeu toe the enano runing ot? Wa ‘oct ne eyia coun oe resogcompanerts Baty str and cross generar start may rete ator starts = Cad weatre satng- TOLD. i re minimum starting temperature Preheat neo enk and OU east ambit tomperture. Bonomi, the oor he start the botor Rs ‘THROTTLE TECHNIQUE Move te tet slowly and toquonty “isep puling levers back not rnd. Dow Rev othe orem Warm up te ange bere using high power sting (or example: acceleration cha). Readies thermal shack as uch poset SURGE and STALL Sots boc ¥ continuous surge e encountered. Aacalorate sony 1 an engine pre fo sg Stigo may damage the compressor and het econ. “Have te grained vave checked POWER MANAGEMENT COMMON SENSE APPROACH eum ua har DETERIORATION MARGIN POWER SETTING Set Guo ately to the POH eran “Dore "Aeaine he ange TTgot Torque fe ake ass Tor ln Reducad power setbng copending 09 ight conan {fake clm, cuba). fey fons ims) eis oy tre = Shot fights versus og fights means thar is moro ‘ime Is pant at high power {LOW olL PRESSURE SITUATION ‘redica the power oF shadow the engin fhe ol pressures blow he groon bard wih th engine ‘ove 72% Np epee). ~Erampe akon from the PTEA-GOA Malnsnance Narual Crater 1-00-09, Opratng Lint. ‘Normal ol pressure (Ng above 72%) 8010195 sig hemo pre at ale 60 pig Unser emergency constons 80 p39 is pemicsble below 000 af torque ~Balow 60 pl unsafe and vequtes te engin tobe ‘Shutdown, oF larding be made as son as possible ‘Sing mnimom pow requried to sustain ght SHUTDOWN =Cool down the engin prior to stow (2 rarutes mnrgm at owes achat T3) f9rinmize thermal shock ar wellas mime al oeking fhe ENGINE OPERATION 129, Pratt 8 Wi comraur ENGINE OPERATION 12:70 POWER MANAGEMENT COMMON SENSE APPROACH Pratt whiney Canada eux wn Cs ToROUE os ona arr ranTON annoueou) ENGINE OPERATION 277 ENGINE RATING PHILOSOPHY ome ‘ew ornariyovorauid engine acraptinoe sare designed to alow eiiclont margin cay he engine trough ho ext overeat pois = Provides the acrat marutacturr witha sees of power curves “ined fo prot and evausta engine and srs perormance under vasa ight conden, Grass and abies und in he ll apertng andbook (POM) ro dared om these power cues Power vartusoutsido a tomporatur and presouro att or barometric prssure, =Fatraing Temperature marge, —saamaliseouy ENGINE OPERATION 72.12 IETAL VERSUS TEMPERATURE Tht eno 00% gk TM ifeough ore appa, detonation wa accu 1 Tempesturecniyincreses lomo, = cree Sitching of a part caused by aoe pig on {conta fore),

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