POINTERS FOR LICENSURE EXAMINATION FOR CRIMINOLOGIST

100 ITEMS: LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION

ARegular Promotion A uniformed member of the PNP shall not be eligible for promotion to
1 a higher position or rank unless he or she has successfully passed the
corresponding promotional examination given by the Commission, or
the Bar, or the corresponding board examinations for technical
services and other professions, has satisfactorily completed the
appropriate and accredited course in the PNPA or equivalent training
institutions, and has satisfactorily passed the required psychiatric or
psychological examination, and drug tests. In addition, the institution of
a criminal action or complaint against a police officer shall not be a bar
to promotion.
B Special Promotion Special promotion may be extended to any member of the PNP for
acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at the risk of his life above
and beyond the call of duty or selected as such in a nationwide search
conducted by the PNP or any accredited civic organization.
C Promotion by Virtue of Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is
Position lower than that which is required for such position shall, after six (6)
months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment
corresponding to the position. Provided, that the personnel shall not be
reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2)
years from the date of such rank adjustment.
A Optional Retirement Upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory active
2 service, an officer or non-officer, at his own request and with the
approval of the National Police Commission, (NAPOLCOM), shall be
retired from the service and entitled to receive benefits provided by
law.
B Compulsory Retirement Compulsory retirement for officer and non-officer shall be upon the
attainment of age fifty-six (56). Provided, that, in case of any officer
with the rank of Chief Superintendent, Director, or Deputy Director
General, the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM) may allow his
retention in the service for an inextensible period of one (1) year.
C Permanent Physical An officer or non-officer who is permanently and totally disabled as a
Disability result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the performance of
his duty as duly certified by the National Police Commission, upon
finding and certification by the appropriate medical officer, that the
extent of the disability or sickness renders such member unfit or
unable to further perform the duties of his position, shall be entitled to
one year's salary and to lifetime pension equivalent to eighty percent
(80%) of his last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under
existing laws.
A NAB & RAB The formal administrative disciplinary machinery of the PNP shall be
3 the National Appellate Board (NAB) and the Regional Appellate
Boards (RABs). The NAB shall be composed of the four (4) regular
commissioners and shall be chaired by the executive officer. There
shall be at least one (1) RAB per administrative region in the country
to be composed of a senior officer of the Regional Office, NAPOLCOM
as Chairman and one (1) representative each from the PNP, and the
Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC) as members. It shall
consider appeals from decisions of the regional directors, other
officials, mayors, and the People’s Law Enforcement Boards (PLEBs).
B PLEB The PLEB shall be the central receiving entity for any citizen’s
complaint against the officers and members of the PNP. The PLEB
shall be composed of the following: (1) any member of the
Sangguniang Panlungsod (SP) or Sanguniang Bayan (SB) chosen by
his respective Sanggunian; (2) any Barangay Captain of the city or
municipality concerned chosen by the Association of Barangay
Captains (ABC); and (3) three (3) other members who are removable
only for cause to be chosen by the local peace and order council from
among the respected members of the community known for their
probity and integrity.
 C NAPOLCOM The constitutional mandate of the NAPOLCOM is to administer and
control the PNP.
A IAS It is an organization within the PNP, and one of its tasks is to help the
4 Chief, PNP institute reforms to improve the image of the police force
through assessment, analysis and evaluation of the character and
behavior of police personnel. It is headed by an Inspector General.
B C, PNP The command and direction of the PNP is vested with the Chief, PNP.
The Chief, PNP shall be appointed by the President from among the
senior officers down to the rank of chief superintendent in the service,
subject to confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.
Provided; that the Chief of the PNP shall serve a tour of duty not to
exceed four (4) years. Provided; further, that, in times of war or other
national emergency declared by Congress, the President may extend
such tour of duty.
C Civil Service Commission It is a government agency that has the attestation function over
appointments of officers and members of the PNP.
A Attrition by Relief A PNP member, who has been relieved for cause and has not been
5 given an assignment within two years from the effective date of such
relief, shall be retired or separated.
B Attrition by Demotion A PNP member who is relieved and assigned to a position lower than
what is established for his or her rank in the PNP Staffing Pattern and
who shall not be assigned to a position commensurate to such rank
despite the existence of a vacancy within 18 months after his or her
demotion in position shall be retired or separated.
C Attrition by Non- A PNP member who has not been promoted for a continuous period of
Promotion ten years shall be retired or separated.
A Employment Refers to the utilization of units or elements of the PNP for purposes of
6 protection of lives and properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance
of peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest of criminal offenders
and bringing the offenders to justice, and ensuring public safety,
particularly in its suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness, violence,
rebellious and seditious conspiracy, subversion or other related
activities.
B Deployment It shall mean the orderly and organized physical movement of
elements or units of the PNP within the province, city or municipality
for purposes of employment as herein defined.
C Operational Supervision This pertains to the authority to direct, superintend, and oversee the
and Control daily performance of police functions at the local level to ensure the
effective conduct of crime investigation, traffic control and crime
prevention activities.
A PO1 to SPO4 Appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel, Director,
7 NSU for NSU personnel, or by the Chief, PNP for the National
Headquarters personnel, certified by the NAPOLCOM, and attested by
the Civil Service Commission.
B INSP. to SUPT. Appointed by the Chief of the PNP, as recommended by their
immediate superiors; certified by the NAPOLCOM, and attested by the
Civil Service Commission.
C SSUPT. to DDGEN. Appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief of the
PNP, with proper endorsement by the Chairman, CSC, and subject to
confirmation by the Commission on Appointments.
A Minor Offenses It shall refer to any act or commission not involving moral turpitude, but
8 affecting the internal discipline of the PNP, and shall include, but not
limited to: (1) simple misconduct or negligence, (2) insubordination, (3)
frequent absences and tardiness, (4) habitual drunkenness, and (5)
gambling prohibited by law.
B Citizens’ Complaints It is a complaint made a natural or juridical person against officers and
members of the PNP.
C Forum Shopping It is the multiple filing of a complaint or offense against officers and
members of the PNP.
A R.A. No.. 6975 An Act Establishing the Philippine National Police Under a
9 Reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government and for
Other Purposes.
B R.A. No. 8551 An Act Providing for the Reform and Reorganization of the PNP,
Amending Certain Provisions of RA No. 6975, and for Other Purposes.
 C R.A. No. 9708 An Act Extending for Five (5) Years the Reglementary Period for
Complying with the Minimum Educational Qualification for
Appointment to the PNP and Adjusting the Promotion System Thereof.
A R.A. No. 4864 It is known as the “Police Act of 1966,” by virtue of which, National
1 Police Commission was created, and vested with the power to
0 supervise and control the police forces all over the country.
B PD No. 765 The PC/INP Law of 1975.
C Sec. 6, Art. XVI, NPC The state shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and
controlled by a National Police Commission. The authority of local
executives over police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided by
law.
A BG Henry T. Allen He is a regular captain but then a Lieutenant Colonel of the U.S.
1 Cavalry Volunteers in the Philippines was officially designated and
1 confirmed by the Commission as first Chief of Constabulary on August
8, 1901.
B BG Rafael T. Crame He was appointed first Filipino PC Chief in December 1917; hence, for
the first time in 16 years of existence, the Constabulary was placed
under Filipino leadership.
C Col. Augusto Torres The first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department
A Priority in Waiver The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the PNP may be
1 Program waived only when the number of qualified applicants falls below the
2 approved national/regional quota. The Commission en banc may grant
age, height, and weight waiver. The NAPOLCOM Regional Director
may grant height waiver to a member of indigenous people.
B Indigenous People The application of a member of an indigenous person for height waiver
shall be processed regardless of whether or not the number of
applicants falls below the annual quota. Provided, finally, that a waiver
for height requirement shall be automatically granted to applicants
belonging to the indigenous people.
C 21 to 30 years It is the age requirement for appointment as Police Officer-1 in the
PNP.
A Number of Directorates At present there are sixteen (16) staff directorates in the PNP, and the
1 latest is the Directorate for Information Technology and
3 Communication Management (DITCM).
B Number of OSUs At present there are twelve (12) operational support units in the PNP,
and the latest is the Anti-Cyber Crime Group (ACCG).
C Number of ASUs At present there are eleven (11) administrative support units in the
PNP, and the latest is Retirement and Benefits Administration Service
(RBAS).
A Spanish Era By the coming of the Spaniards, the country’s police system started.
1 The police were then called “Guardillo,” later the function of law
4 enforcement was assumed by the “Cuerpo de Carabineros de
Seguridad Republica.” In 1852, “Guardia Civil” took over the peace
keeping duties in the island under a Royal Decree.
B American Era After the Spanish Era, another master arrived, the Americans came to
the country to conquer and rule the Philippine Republic. While the
American soldiers were busy fighting the tug army of Gen. Emilio F.
Aguinaldo, Gov. William H. Taft, established a police which should
maintain peace and order. On January 9, 1901, Manila Police was
formally organized by virtue of Act No. 175 of the Philippine
Commission. Thereafter adjoining places followed.
C Administrative Code of This provided for the constitution of police forces in all cities and
the Philippines dated municipalities with the officers and members thereof being appointed
September 10, 1955 by the mayors with the consent of the city or municipal council. Under
this set-up the police are primarily a political entity that tended to serve
the wills of those in power.
A Monthly Retirement The monthly retirement pay shall be 50% of the base pay and
1 longevity pay of the retired grade in case of 20 years of active service,
5 increasing by 2.5% for every year of active service rendered beyond
20 years to a maximum of 90% for 36 years of active service and over.
B Longevity Pay Uniformed personnel of the DILG shall be entitled to a longevity pay of
ten percent (10%) of their basic monthly salaries for every five (5)
years of service, which shall be reckoned from the date of the
 personnel's original appointment in the AFP, or appointment in the
police, fire jail or other allied services prior to the integration of the PC
and the INP: Provided, that the totality of such longevity pay shall not
exceed fifty percent (50%) of the basic pay. They shall also continue to
enjoy the subsistence allowance, quarter allowance, clothing
allowance cost of living allowance, hazard pay, and all other
allowances as provided by existing laws.
C Computation of Accrued The computation of accrued leave amount, are as follows: basic pay +
Leave Amount long pay x number of days leave x constant factor of 00.0478087.
A Regular Recruitment The regular recruitment quota given to any of the National Support
1 Quota Units (NSU) shall be based on the actual demands of the functional
6 area covered. Within five (5) working days from receipt of the
proposed annual recruitment quota, the Commission shall grant the
Chief, PNP with the authority to recruit through a Resolution which
shall contain the approved quota distribution and supplemental
guidelines peculiar to the particular recruitment.
B Attrition Recruitment Upon receipt of the attrition recruitment quota, the Mayor as
Quota Chairperson of the Local Peace and Order Council (LPOC) shall
create an Ad Hoc Body composed of four (4) members, namely: Vice-
Mayor, DILG-CLGOO or MLGOO, POC Member, and City Director or
Chief of Police. The City Director or Chief of Police (CD or COP) shall
serve as the Secretariat for this activity. He shall publish the list of
applicants in public places and through the local media, if any, to
encourage the public to report any information relative to the
worthiness of the applicant to become law enforcer in their community.
C Field Training Program This is the required training program for the issuance of permanent
appointment to the newly appointed Police Officer-1, which requires
twelve (12) months actual assignment and experience in patrol, traffic
and investigation.
A 1:500 On the average nationwide, the manning levels of the PNP shall be
1 approximately in accordance with a police-to-population ratio of one
7 policeman for every five-hundred persons.
B 1:1000 However, the minimum police-to-population ratio shall be one
policeman per one thousand persons.
C Prescribed Ratio Highly urbanized cities - 1:500 to 1:700, component cities - 1:650 to
1:800, and municipalities - 1:750 to 1:1000.
A Physical Agility Test It is given to determine whether or not they possess the required
1 coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary in the police
8 service.
B Merit and Fitness The appointment and promotion of officers and members of the PNP
shall be based on merit and fitness to be determined as far as
practicable by competitive examinations, or based on highly technical
qualifications, and as provided by Section 5, P.D. No. 807, otherwise
known as “Civil Service Decree of the Philippines.”
C Prescribed Eligibility NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination, R.A. No. 6506 - Licensed
Criminologist, R.A. No. 1080 - Board and Bar Examinations, and P.D.
No. 907 - Honor Student.
A PPSC It is the premier educational institution for the training, human resource
1 development and continuing education for all the personnel of the
9 Philippine National Police (PNP), the Fire and Jail Bureaus.
B DHRDD It is a directorate in the PNP, which is taking charge with the unit and
individual training of the PNP.
C Crime Laboratory Group This shall provide scientific and technical investigative aid and support
to the PNP and other government investigative agencies. It shall also
provide crime laboratory examination, evaluation and identification of
physical evidences involved in crimes with primary emphasis on their
medical, chemical, biological and physical nature.
A Municipal Police Stations Type “A” for municipalities with population ranging from 75,000 or
2 more, Type “B” for municipalities with population ranging from 30,000
0 to less than 75,000, and Type “C” for municipalities with population of
less than 30,000.
B City Police Stations Type “A” for cities with population ranging from 100,000 or more, Type
“B” for cities with population ranging from 75,000 to less than 100,000,
and Type “C” for cities with less than 75,000 population.
 C Rank Classifications Director General-General; Deputy Director General-Lieutenant;
General; Director-Major General, Chief Superintendent-Brigadier
General; Senior Superintendent-Colonel, Superintendent-Lieutenant
Colonel. Chief Inspector-Major; Senior Inspector-Captain; Inspector-
Lieutenant; Senior Police Officer IV-Master Sergeant; Senior Police
Officer III-Technical Sergeant; Senior Police Officer II-Staff Sergeant;
Senior Police Officer I-Sergeant; Police Officer III-Corporal; Police
Officer II-Private First Class; and Police Officer I-Private.
POLICE PLANNING
A Extra-Departmental Plan Extra-departmental plans include those that require action or
21 assistance from persons or agencies outside the police organization or
that are related to some form of community organization.
B Operational Plan Operational plans include the work programs of the line divisions.
These refer to works to be done to accomplish the process of patrol,
investigation, traffic, and juvenile-crime control, and must be analyzed
from the point of view of the nature, time, and place of the component
tasks, and measured in terms of human and material requirements.
C Tactical Plan Tactical plans also affect all members of the police organization, but
they are restricted to methods of action to be taken at a designated
location and under specified circumstances.
A Police Planning It is a systematic and continuous process of preparing a set of
22 decision for action in the future, directed in achieving goal by optimal
means and of learning from the outcome about possible new sets of
decision and new goals to be achieved.
B Strategies It is setting of goals and objectives for three years or more in the
future, it is also being called as long range plan.
C Ranges of Police Plan Short Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a life
span of one-year; the typical examples are those plans to meet special
incidents encountered by the police.
Medium Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a
life span of two-years; the typical examples of plans falling under this
type are standard operating procedures and auxiliary plans.
Long Range. This is a type of police plan according to range with a life
span of three years or more; the typical examples of plans falling
under this type is the strategic plan.
A Steps in Planning First - recognition of the need for plan; second- formulation of the plan
23 objectives; third - gathering and analyzing relevant data; fourth
-development of the details of the plan, and fifth - obtaining
organizational concurrences.
st
B 1 Question in Planning Normally, the first planning question is “what needs to be
accomplished” or “what is the desired future step.” The obviousness of
the answer may depend on the kind of police planning being done and
would-be implemented.
C Selling the Plan A plan to be effectively carried out must be accepted by all personnel
concerned at the appropriate level of the plans development.
A Crime Statistics It is a science which deals with the collection, presentation, analysis
24 and interpretation of quantitative crime data useful in police
operational activities.
B Formula in Statistics PD = P/C, CD = CV/PD, MCR = CV x C, CSE = NCS x 100
POP NCR
FOC = NOD , AR = PA x 100 , %I = d x 100, and %D = d x 100
NOI WR HF LF
C Wedge Formation This is a civil disturbance management offensive formation that is
used to penetrate and split crowds into smaller groups.
A Establishment of CP This is the most important considerations during disaster operations.
25 B Terrorism In its broadest sense, describes the use of intentionally indiscriminate
violence as a means to create terror, or fear, to achieve a political,
religious or ideological aim.
C Wall Search It is the safest type of search, the purpose is to place the suspect in an
off-balance position; it is also being called as spread eagle techniques.
POLICE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
A Intelligence Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, evaluation,
26 analysis, integration, and interpretation of all available information, and
which concerns one or more aspects of criminal activity, which is
 immediately and potentially significant to planning.
B Information Information is an evaluated material of every description including
those derived from observation, reports, rumors, imagery, and other
sources from which intelligence is derived.
C Intelligence Collection It is any person, activity, or unit that collects and/or processes
Agency information by research, surveillance, or the exploitation of the
different sources of information.
A Strategic Intelligence These are intelligence data that are not of an immediate value.
27 B Counter-Intelligence It is an intelligence activity which is concerned principally with the
defending of the police organization against penetration by individual
and various groups who are inimical to the best interest and general
harmony.
C Line Intelligence It involves both a process and an immediate product.
A Surveillance This is the observation of persons, places, or things, generally, but not
28 necessarily, in an unobtrusive manner.
B Casing It is the visual inspection of an area, installation or building to
determine its suitability for operational activities,
C Sources of Information These are persons, actions, or things from which information about
criminals, or subversives, weather, and terrain is derived.
A Technical Surveillance This is surveillance involving the use of technical and scientific device
29 to enhance hearing or seeing the subject’s activities.
B Tailgating It is a form of open surveillance in which the subject’s motor vehicle is
closely followed.
C Stakeout It is also called a plant or fixed surveillance; here the surveillant
remains essentially in one position or locale.
A Top Secret This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
30 which would cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation,
politically, economically or from a security aspect.
B Secret This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
which would endanger national security, cause serious injury to the
interest or prestige of the nation or of any governmental activity or
would be of great advantage to a foreign land.
C Confidential This refers to information and materials, the unauthorized disclosure of
which, while not endangering the national security would be prejudicial
to the interest or prestige of the nation or any government activity, or
would cause administrative embarrassment of unwarranted injury to an
individual or would be of advantage to a foreign nation.
A Purpose of Intelligence Fundamentally stated, the purpose of the intelligence unit is to
31 increase the probability of accuracy, and reduce the probability of error
in police operational staff decision-making by gathering the
appropriate information or intelligence.
B Intelligence Personalities Moses. One of the first recorded formalized intelligence efforts with
format can be found in the Holy Bible.
Alexander the Great. He ordered the letters quietly recalled and
proceeded to investigate all the letters that they carried. Malcontents
were detected, legitimate causes of grievances exposed.
Akbar. This sagacious master of Hindustan employed more than four
thousands agents for the sole purpose of bringing him the truth that his
throne might rest upon it.
Genghis Khan. He has sent a force of cavalry to fight beside the
Cathayans while closely observing the riches of their land. Espionage
and artifice had a vital part in the Mongol conquest of China.
Frederick the Great. He is the father of organized military espionage.
C Convoy This refers to a counter-measure to detect surveillance; a convoy,
usually a person, is employed to determine whether or not a subject is
under surveillance.
A Social Assignment This requires the undercover agent to frequent places of social
32 entertainment and amusement known to be habitually visited by target
personalities and their associates.
B Work Assignment This places the undercover agent in a type of work or employment
where he or she can fully observe the activities of the subject at his
place of work.
C Dwelling Assignment It is a type of undercover assignment, wherein the undercover agent is
establishing residence, at or near the premises or dwelling which
 houses the subject.
A Informants These are individual who openly or secretly obtains or assists in
33 obtaining information for intelligence and counter-intelligence purposes
in exchange for some recompense, monetary, or otherwise.
B Double Agents These are individuals who are simultaneously employed by two
opposing intelligence agencies with one of the agencies aware of his
or her dual role.
C Dual Agents These are individuals who are simultaneously and independently
employed by two or more friendly intelligence units, and who do not
show preference for either, and normally motivated by material gain.
A Compartmentation It is the granting of access to classified document or information only
34 to properly cleared persons when such classified document or
information is required in the performance of their official duties, and
restricting it to specified physical confines when feasible.
B Elicitation It is often used in normal conversation where the subject is
encouraged to speak. Once talking, the intelligence operative listens
enthusiastically and stimulating the subject to continue.
C Need to Know It is the term given to the requirement that dissemination of classified
document and information be limited strictly to those persons whose
official government, police or military duty requires knowledge or
possession of information or intelligence.
A Intelligence Collection Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is for United States, Komitet
35 Agencies Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB) is for Russia, Geheime
Staatspolizei (Gestapo) is for Germany and Mossad is for Israel, while
the secret police in France are the Mouchards.
B Intelligence Indicator These are generalized theoretical actions that criminals and/or
subversives might be expected to take preparation for aggressive
actions, and that are things and/or events that transpired in the past or
things and/or events that are presently occurring?
C Security Officer It is a properly trained and cleared individual who assists the head of
the department in discharging the responsibilities of safeguarding
classified documents and materials.
A Self-Serving Reasons Cutting a Deal. A deal is cut when a defendant agrees to impart what
36 he or she knows about criminal activities in exchange for a promise
that a recommendation for consideration will be made to a judge in a
pending prosecution.
Elimination of Competition. In specialized crimes, particularly
dangerous drugs and illegal gambling, one law breaker may, most
often anonymously, betray a rival to eliminate competition.
Building a Line of Credit. Uneasy pawnbrokers and second-hand
dealers worry that police may one day discover stolen goods in their
shops and accuse them of being a fence.
B Classified Matter It is an information or material in any form or of any nature. The
safeguarding of which is necessary in the interest of national security.
C Burnout It takes place when the surveillant’s behavior has caused his or her
subject to surmise or knows that he or she is under surveillance.
A Classify It is the assigning of information or material to one of the four security
37 classification categories after determining that such information or
material requires security protection as prescribed by the PNP
Regulation 2000-012.
B Upgrading It is the changing of the classification of classified matter to a category
higher than that previously assigned to it.
C Declassify It is the act of changing the assigned classification of a document or
material, and as part of the process, it involves notification of
cognizant authority.
A Incidental Informants These are individuals who furnish information with no intention of
38 repeating their services of furnishing information on a continuing basis.
B Penetration Informants They are those who are assigned with the mission of obtaining
information within a specific target.
C Recruited Informants These are individuals that are selected, trained and utilized as
continuous and covert sources of information concerning specific
intelligence targets.
A Undercover Assignment It is an investigative technique in which an agent conceals his or her
39 identity in order to obtain information from the target organization.
 B Cover It is a means by which individual, group or organization conceals the
true nature of its activities, and existence from the observer. It is also a
device or stratagem by which the intelligence operatives conceal his or
her identity, and his or her relationship with the intelligence collection
agencies.
C Ruse or Dodge Ruse. To dodge and get out of the way, or a trick. This is a specific
type of deception measures to prevent the adversaries in counter-
intelligence profession of detecting the presence of the operatives
within a given area of operations and intelligence and counter-
intelligence interests.
Dodge. To avoid detection by suddenly moving side. This is a specific
type of deception measure employed by the counter-intelligence
operatives or counter intelligence operating units by allowing the
opponent to take his or her place, taking into considerations the
procedure for safe departure.
A Personnel Security This includes all the security measures designed to prevent unsuitable
40 individuals or persons of doubtful loyalty to the Philippine Government,
from gaining access to classified matter or to any security facility, and
to prevent the appointment, employment, or retention as employees of
such individuals.
B Security Clearance It is a certification issued by a responsible authority, and that the
Certificate person described is cleared for access to classified matter at the
appropriate level.
C Personnel Security It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of
Investigation. the individual to determine a person’s suitability or access to classified
matter prior to the granting of clearance.
A Intelligence Journal It is the permanent official chronological record of the operations of the
41 intelligence section, unit, or agency. It includes all incoming and
outgoing messages and significant incidents concerning the operation
of the intelligence section, unit or agency.
B Intelligence Workbook It is a device which provides a means of systematic arrangement of
information or intelligence by type or subject, so that items concerning
a particular topic maybe grouped together for ready reference and
comparison.
C Situation Map It is a graphic representation of the current enemy situation.
A Police Intelligence The PIG is under the auspices of the Directorate for Intelligence. Its
42 Group function is to serve as the intelligence and counter-intelligence
operating unit of the PNP.
B Directorate for The mission of the DI is to assist the Chief, PNP in attaining
Intelligence intelligence objectives through staff direction, planning, coordination,
control and supervision of all intelligence and counter-intelligence
activities of the PNP.
C Reconnaissance It is a survey or close examination of an area for obtaining useful
information regarding enemy troops, including their activities that are
of important value to the counter-intelligence operations spearheaded
by the police, other law enforcement agencies, and armed forces or
the government.
A Background Investigation This is a much more comprehensive investigation as compared with
43 National Agency Check (NAC) or the Local Agency Check (LAC).
B National Agency Check This is an investigation of an individual, and is made upon the basis of
written information supplied by him or her in response to official
inquiry, and could be used as a reference to appropriate national
agencies.
C Local Agency Check This type of investigation consists of written inquiries sent to
appropriate local government agencies, former employees, character
references, and schools listed by the person under investigation.
A Intelligence Cycle Intelligence cycle is a repetitive process used to produce intelligence
44 from information.
B Phases of Intelligence Collection Phase. It is the systematic exploitation of sources of
Cycle information by collection agencies, and the delivery of information
obtained from the proper intelligence agency.
Processing Phase. It is in this phase in the intelligence cycle where
information becomes intelligence.
Dissemination Phase. It is the timely conveyance of information or
 intelligence in an appropriate form, and by any suitable means to
those who need it.
Re-Direction of Collection Phase. The collection effort should include a
systematic exploitation of all sources of information. This exploitation
must be continuous, methodical, and carefully controlled.
C Information Evaluation Reliability of the Source Accuracy of Information
Rating A - Highly Reliable 1 - Confirmed Information
B - Usually Reliable 2 - Probably True Information
C - Fairly Reliable 3 - Possibly True Information
D - Unreliable 4 - Doubtfully True Information
E - Can Not Be Judged 5 - Can Not Be Judged
A Liaisons Program A liaison program is one of the principal activities of police intelligence
45 operations. A limited liaison program will usually produce a limited
intelligence product.
B De-Briefing The intelligence operatives will be asked about his personal
experiences and observations while conducting intelligence and
counter-intelligence operations.
C News Clipping Clipping articles from newspapers in accordance with an existing
format is an important method of gathering intelligence data.
POLICE PATROL OPERATIONS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
A Omnipresence In “omnipresence,” the patrol officer has to make his or her presence
46 psychologically be felt despite of his physical absence.
B Elimination of Actual The basic purpose of police patrol is to “eliminate the actual
Opportunity opportunity” for misconduct from among the criminal elements of
society.
C Crime Prevention Some authorities have even defined crime prevention as the “core
mission” of the police.
A Shifting in Patrol Morning Shift. The morning shift, from 7:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m., is
47 usually a shift devoted to service activities.
Afternoon Shift. The afternoon shift, from 3:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m., is
usually the busiest and offers the greatest variety of activities.
Midnight Shift. The midnight shift, from 11:00 p.m. to 7:00 a.m., is
dubbed as the “dog watch shift,” which suggests that it is the penalty
box of police work. It is also being called as the “graveyard shift” to
denote lack of activity during this time.
B Patrol It is the act of moving about on a geographical area or beat, and it also
means an inspectional activity, whether carried out on foot, mobile or
otherwise.
C Observation It is the function that completely describes the patrol officers’ jobs and
most of their duties depend on what they have observed.

A Attractive Nuisances It is a known doctrine of the law wherein an individual is said to be

48 maintaining on his premises an attractive nuisances, machines, or
other tools that are dangerous to young children because of their
inability to appreciate peril.
B Patrol Hazard This term is frequently used to describe a specific condition or place
that requires the patrol officer’s special attention because they pose
danger to people.
C Split Force Patrol It was developed as a means of satisfying the needs of both
preventive patrol and demands made by calls for service.
A Bicycle Patrol The bicycle patrol has been used in many countries as a simple and
49 inexpensive means of transportation. The versatility and stealth of
bicycle make them indispensable for covering crowded areas and
places
B Motorcycle Patrol Primarily used for traffic law enforcement, the motorcycle’s speed and
maneuverability make it an indispensable police vehicle.
C Mobile Patrol It is the most extensively used and the most effective means of
transportation for police patrol. Because of the combined advantage of
mobility and speed, it can patrol larger areas in less time.
A Foot Patrol Its method consists of the fixed post, line beat, and random patrol. It is
50 used where there is considerable traffic, high crime occurrence, patrol
hazards and places where there are many multiple family dwellings.
B Helicopter It is also useful for rescue and relief operations, medical evacuations,
general patrol, criminal apprehension, crime prevention and
 repression, emergency transportation, surveillance, and other related
activities.
C K-9 Patrol They are of great assistance in search and rescue as well as in
detecting dangerous drugs, and they are used extensively in airports
to detect contrabands, dangerous drugs, and explosives because of
their keen sense of smell.
A Clockwise The objective of the clockwise patrol pattern at the start of the eight-
51 hour tour of duty is for the patrol officer to survey the situation and
condition of the boundaries of his area of responsibilities.
B Counter-Clockwise This technique is simply the reverse of the clockwise pattern. It is
observed before the end of the eight-hour tour of duty in order for the
patrol officer to be sure that no untoward incident transpired in his area
of responsibilities.
C Zigzagging/Freewheeling This is done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beats,
not at random, but with a definite target location where he knows his
presence is necessary. This is based on the situations and conditions
of the beat.
A Low Visibility Patrol The idea is to provide a police presence in an area where selected
52 crimes are likely to occur without the presence of the police being
detected. It is also crime detection or apprehension oriented patrol.
B High Visibility Patrol It is intended to deter street crimes, while low-visibility patrol is
designed to increase the rate of apprehension. It is also crime
prevention or suppression oriented patrol.
C Directed Deterrent Patrol Directed deterrent patrol or aggressive patrol meshes well with
community policing and focuses on preventing crimes on high-crime
areas of specific offense types.
A Field Interviews Field interviews are the brief detainment of an individual, whether on
53 foot or in a motor vehicle, based on reasonable suspicions for the
purpose of determining the individual's identity and resolving the patrol
officers’ suspicions.
B Politeia The word police originated from the Greek word “politeia” meaning
“government of a city.
C Politia The Roman has changed the word slightly to “politia,” and it applies to
civil officers and not necessarily to policemen.
A Primary Responsibilities The primary responsibility of the patrol officers when responding to a
54 of Patrol Officers crime incident is “to maintain and preserve the original condition of the
crime scene when it was left by the perpetrator.”
B Preliminary Investigation The investigation made by the patrol officers must be correct because
it does not only serve as the foundation of the continuing investigation,
but also a basis in police pursuit operations.
C Habit of Jotting Down The patrol officer has to develop the habit of jotting down the facts and
circumstances as he or she has observed at the crime scene.
A Police Visibility It is the physical presence of uniformed patrol officers and marked
55 vehicles, especially in crime prone areas.
B Constant Availability It is important because time is of the essence in most police work.
C Field Observation It is the inspection of, taking note of, to watch and pay attention to, the
act or practice of taking notice, the act of seeing or fixing the mind of
anything; to notice closely, to scrutinize with the view of discovering or
determining everything, and to perceive knowledge through patrol
officer’s senses.
A Coding It is changing of plaintext into codes and ciphers.
56 B Decoding It is the process of translating received messages into code words of a
given code.
C Cryptography It is the art of using and solving codes and ciphers.
A Targeted Oriented Patrol Are those that, as the name implies, are targeted or directed toward
57 specific persons, places, or events.
B Reactive Patrol This is a patrol activity which consists of driving around the districts
and waiting for something to happen.
C Proactive Patrol This is an alternative patrol system which undertakes the fielding of
the patrol units in their respective area of responsibilities and tour of
duties with prescribed objectives and verifiable tasks schedule of the
day.
A Police Pursuit Operations It is an immediate reaction or response made by the patrol officers
58 after the commission of an offense, more particularly with the use of
mobile patrols cars, and with the aim of arresting a fugitive or placing a
person under custody in order for him to be held liable for the offense
committed in violation of the law.
B Calls for Service This generally refer to assignments that are typically delegated to
patrol officers requiring their presence in a given place to resolve,
correct or assist in a particular situation, usually non-criminal in nature.
C Police Patrol Strategies This refers to a plan of action designed to achieve the police patrol
objectives of not only preventing and controlling crimes, but also
protecting and serving people.
A Police Patrol Hazards This refer to the not so obvious physical hazards that threaten the
59 safety of patrol officers on a regular basis, but to the psychological and
environmental hazards that can ultimately take a toll on the patrol
officers’ lives.
B Comparative-Statistics This provides information and intelligence to direct police resources to
the exact problem area, be it a crime hot spot or a developing crime
pattern through crime mapping.
C Communication System This refers to the system built or used by the police organization to
provide communication to police officers in the field, whether on patrol
or in any other types of police intervention through the use of any
forms of communication.
A Proper Semantics It would be the transfer of thoughts or ideas between people through
60 communication without a loss of the original meaning or intent.

B Phonetics It is the science of sounds, and it is the understanding of information

through the proper sounding of words.
C Code-3 Call This means “emergency,” and like Code-2 is to be answered
immediately by driving to the scene as quickly and as safely as
possible. In this case, the red lights and the siren are to be used to
obtain the right of way.
INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT
A Private Security This includes those self-employed individuals and privately funded
61 business entities and organizations providing security related services
to specific clientele for a fee, for the individual or entity that retains, or
employs them or for themselves in order to protect their persons,
private property, or interests from varied hazards.
B Security It has been defined as the use of measures designed to safeguard
personnel, to prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities,
materials, and documents, and to safeguard them against espionage,
sabotage, theft, and fraud.
C Comprehensive Security Briefly, is an approach that brings to bear, in an organized manner, all
of the security components and resources concerned with loss
prevention, protection of employees, physical assets, personal
integrity, business reputations, proprietary information, and other
intangible assets.
A Physical Security It is the broadest branch of security which is concerned principally with
62 the physical measures adopted to prevent unauthorized access to
equipment, facilities, materials, and documents, and to safeguard
them against theft, damage, sabotage, or espionage.
B Industrial Security It refers to physical security applied to business groups engaged in
industries, like manufacturing, assembling, research and development,
processing, warehousing, and even agricultural complex.
C Document Security It also refers to physical security involving the protection of documents
and classified information from loss, access by unauthorized persons,
damage, theft, and compromise through disclosure.
A Security Barrier Are medium or structure which defines the physical limits of an
63 installations, or area to restrict or impede access thereto. It is any
barrier used to supplement the protection of an inside or outside
perimeters.
B Natural Barrier These are natural lay-out of the land, which include mountains, cliffs,
canyons, rivers, seas, marshes, deserts, or terrain difficult to traverse.
C Man-Made Barrier These are structural constructions of man, like fences, walls, floors,
roofs, grills, bars, road blocks, or other physical means to deter or
impede penetration.
 A Security Hazard It is an act or conditions which may result in a situation conducive to a
64 breach of the protection system, and the subsequent loss or
compromise of defense information, company secrets, or damage to
personnel, property, facilities, or disruption of the objectives of the
installations.
B Natural Hazard These are caused by natural phenomena which produce damage,
disturbance and problems of the normal functioning of human activities
including security.
C Human Hazard These are the acts or conditions affecting the safe operations of the
facility caused by human action, accidental, or intentional.
A Security Lightings In the field of physical security, they are often used as a preventative
65 and corrective measure against intrusions or other criminal activities
on a physical piece of property.
B Security Alarm These are found in electronic form today; and they are connected to a
control unit via either a low-voltage hardwire or narrowband signal,
which in turn connects to a means for announcing the alarm, hopefully
to elicit some response; the most common is via passive infrared.
C Security Locks These simple type of detachable locks with a hinged or sliding shackle
designed to pass through a ring, or staple on a door, chest, etc.
A Top Guard A top guard is an additional overhang barbed wire placed on vertical
66 perimeter fences, facing upward and outward, with a forty-five degree
angle, and with three to four strands of barbed wire spaced six inches
apart.
B Guard Towers Guard-towers are house-like structures above the security barriers. As
the height of the tower increases, visibility, likewise improves.
C Clear Zone It is an unobstructed area that should be maintained on both sides of
the perimeter barriers. A clear zone of 20 feet or more is desirable
between the perimeter barriers and exterior structure, or from natural
covers which may provide concealment or assistance to a person
seeking unauthorized entry.
A Relative Criticality It is the importance of the firm with reference to the national economy
67 and security.
B Relative Vulnerability It is the susceptibility of the plant or establishment to damage, loss or
disruption of operations due to various hazards.
C Relative Probability It is the condition or a set of conditions that will worsen or increase
assets exposure to hazard of loss.
A Casual Pilferer The casual pilferer is one who steals due to his inability to resist the
68 unexpected opportunity and has little fear of detection.

B Systematic Pilferer The systematic pilferer is one who steals with preconceived plans and
takes away any of all types of items or supplies for economic gain.

C Security Officer This personality in the Private Security Agency (PSA) is in charge with
the directing the work and observing the behavior performance of the
men under his unit.
A Company Guards Those who are hired directly under the payroll of an employer to
69 protect the employer’s property are called company guards, or “in-
house guards,” and they are considered employees of the company.
Government security guards are also included in this category.
B Contract Guards The other type of security guards is the contract service guards or
“proprietary guards.”
C Private Detective These are any person who is not a member of the AFP or PNP, but
involved in detective work.
A Vital Records These include records that are irreplaceable; records wherein
70 reproduction of which does not have the same value as the original,
such as records needed to recover cash to replace buildings,
equipment, raw materials, and finished products; and records needed
to avoid delay in restoration of production, sales and services.
B Security Vaults It is a heavily constructed fire and burglar-resistant container usually a
part of the building structure used to keep and protect cash.
C Doppler Effect A term applied to a device or system that in the event of failure of a
component, the incapacity will be signaled.
A Security Survey It is a fact-finding probe to determine the plant’s adequacy and
71 deficiency in all aspects of security, with corresponding
 recommendations, and it is also coined as the first detailed “look-see.”
B Security Inspection It is the term used for succeeding surveys after the conduct of initial
security survey. It is also termed as a “follow-up survey.”
C Entrance Conference It is a dialogue between the survey team, the management, and
officials of a plant before the security survey is conducted.
A Security Education It is primarily designed to enable the office or unit to achieve and
72 maintain a sound and effective security.
B Security Orientation This consists of initial briefing made upon to the new personnel and
employees on security and its various aspects, and its importance.
C Emergency Planning It is one of the most important interrelated functions in a plant security
system. It is as important as in a business organizations as physical
security, fire protection, guard forces, security of documents, and
personnel security.
A Circuit It is the communication channel that conveys the information from all
73 sensors in the system to the signal by means of wire, radio waves,
existing electrical circuits, or a combination of these.
B Sensor This range from simple magnetic switches to sophisticated ultrasonic
“Doppler and Sound Systems,” and the simplest sensors are electro-
mechanical device in which an electric circuit is broken, including
switches, window foil, and screens.
C Signal This may be audible or silent, a bell, buzzer, phone ringing, or flashing
light. Opinions vary as to which signal is more effective; this is due to
the fact that an audible alarm system may frighten an intruder, or it
may simply hasten his activity.
A Continuous Lightings This is the most common security lightings system, and it consists of a
74 series of fixed luminaries arranged to provide lightings of a given area
continuously during the hours of darkness, and with overlapping cones
of light.
B Movable Lightings This type of lightings system is consisting of manually operated
movable searchlights which may either be lighted during hours of
darkness or lighted only as needed.
C Standby Lightings The layout of this system is similar to continuous lightings. However,
the luminaries are not continuously lighted, but are either automatically
or manually “turned-on” only when suspicious intrusion is detected or
suspected by the security force or alarm systems.

A Warded Locks In this kind of locks, there is a set of obstructions, often consisting of
75 concentric plates protruding outwards; this blocks the rotation of a key
not designed for that lock.
B Pin Tumbler Locks This is commonly used in cylinder lock. In this type of lock, an outer
casing has a cylindrical hole in which the plug is housed.
C Wafer Tumbler Locks It is a series of flat wafers that holds a cylindrical plug in place. The
wafers are fitted into vertical slots in the plug, and are spring-loaded
causing them to protrude into diametrically opposed wide grooves in
the outer casing of the lock.
A Vehicle Control This can be restricted in several ways. The simplest is to have only
76 one gate, with a card-key system or a guard to check identities and
allow or refuse admittance to drivers seeking entrance to the
premises.
B Check In-Check Out A check-in and check-out register can be used with employees, as well
Register as with vendors and visitors. This requires the person seeking
entrance to sign, present identification, state the purpose of the visit,
and sign out before leaving.
C Access List It is an authenticated list of personnel given to security allowing entry
to a compound or installation thereof.
A Exterior Control The first line of defense for some facilities is the building exteriors, also
77 called the “exterior control,” developed by some architects and security
planners.
B Interior Control This include locked doors, desks, and files, safes and vaults, internal
alarms, lightings, concave mirrors, bolt-down equipment, dogs,
guards, and surveillance system.
C Wire Fences These are types of security barriers that are made of chain link fence
designed with mesh openings of not larger than two inches square,
and made of #nine-gauge wire or heavier, twisted and barbed selvage
 at the top, and at the bottom.
A Key Control It is another important procedure in controlling access to restricted
78 areas is adequate key control, and the greater the number of people
having keys, the greater the security risk; therefore, a written record
should be kept of all keys in use.
B Access Control In the field of physical security and information security, access
control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or
other resource.  The act of accessing may mean consuming, entering,
or using.
C Dry Runs It is a practical test of a plan or any activity to test its validity, and it is
also an operational readiness exercise.
A 200 to 1,000 This is the required number of security guards for the issuance of
79 regular license to operate private security agencies, and that is good
for two years.
B RA No. 5487 This is an Act to Regulate the Organization and Operations of Private
Detective Agencies (PDA), Private Security Agencies (PSA), and
Government Security Units (GSU).
C 10% HFAs The prescribed number of high-powered firearms shall not exceed
10% of the total number of firearms, particularly in areas of operations
where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and criminalities.
A PADPAO, Inc. It is the umbrella organization for Private Detective Agencies (PDA)
80 and Private Security Agencies (PSA), and serving as the consultant of
the Chief, PNP with regard implementation of R.A. 5487.
B SOSIA It is a government agency involved in the personal supervision of the
internal affairs of the Private Detective Agencies (PDA), Private
Security Agencies (PSA), and Government Security Units (GSU).
C SEC Private Security Agencies (PSA) and Private Detective Agencies
(PDA) must be registered in this government agency.
POLICE PERSONNEL AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT
A Personnel Management It may be defined as the function of management concerned with
81 promoting and enhancing the development of work effectiveness and
advancement of the rank and file of the police organization.
B Records Management It is the practice of identifying, classifying, archiving, preserving, and
destroying records. It is also defined as the field of management
responsible for the efficient and systematic control of the creation,
receipt, maintenance, use and disposition of records, including the
processes for capturing and maintaining evidence of and information
about activities and transactions in the form of records.
C Unity of Command In addition to providing a logical arrangement of work, organizational
structure should provide clear-cut channels of authority. The principle
of “unity and team work” should be practiced in every organization.
This principle requires that every employee should be under the direct
supervision of but one manager.
A Hierarchy of Needs The best known theory of motivation probably is hierarchy of need
82 Theory theory. It is hypothesized that within every human being there exists a
hierarchy of five needs.
B Scientific Management It is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows.
Theory Its main objective is improving economic efficiency, especially labor
productivity. 
C Administrative Mgmt. This attempts to find a rational way to design an organization as a
Theory whole. The theory generally calls for a formalized administrative
structure, and a clear division of labor, and delegation of power and
authority to administrators relevant to their areas of responsibilities.
A Case Record The case record is the heart of any police records system. It is the
83 basis for an analysis of offenses and the methods by which they are
committed.
B Records Cycle The life span of records from creation to final disposition is called the
record cycle. All types of record follow these steps.
C Investigation Report This type of report is prepared as written report on the findings of the
investigator.

A Organizing This is the establishment of the formal structure of authority through

84 which work subdivisions are arranged, and coordinated for the defined
objective, goal and purpose.
 B Staffing This is the whole personnel function of bringing in and training the staff
and maintaining favorable conditions of work inside and outside of the
organization.
C Planning This is the process of working out in broad outline the things that need
to be done and the methods for doing them to accomplish the purpose
set for enterprise.
A Modus Operandi This consists of photographic records on modus operandi of known
85 criminals. This shall describe the method of operations of a criminal
classified and filed in such a way as to aid in identifying the crime as
one committed by a known criminal.

B Span of Control The principle of “span of attention,” was initially adopted from
psychologists, which refers to the number of subordinates an
individual supervisor can manage effectively.
C Wanted Person Report Information on persons who are wanted by police shall be flashed by
means of the “Notice on Wanted Person,” accomplished in
quadruplicate, one copy to be sent to the NHQ, PNP, one copy to be
sent to the NBI, the original to be placed in the “Wanted Persons File”
of the police unit concerned, and the fourth copy to be displayed in the
rogues gallery.

A Records Control It is a process of regulating the behavior of person or groups of

86 persons involved in all the other phases in the records management
system, particularly the control of police, military or government
records.
B Police Record These are a tool upon which the police managers rely in deciding
questions of policy in the employment and deployment of personnel,
and in eliminating wasteful administration and operations of the police
organization.
C Organizational Structure It is a mechanical means depicting by an arrangement of symbol the
relationships that exist between individuals, groups and functions
within the organization.
A Performance Evaluation It shall be administered based on rules and regulations and a Code of
87 System Professional Conduct and Ethical Standards approved by the
NAPOLCOM in order to assess and measure individual efficiency,
competence and effectiveness.
B Personnel Motivation It may therefore be defined as a willingness to exert effort to achieve a
goal or objective for reward.
C Decision Making It is the process of choosing a course of action from two or more
alternatives. A decision is a conscious choice to behave and to think in
a particular way in a given set of circumstances.
A Line Type It is the oldest and simplest from the different types of organizational
88 structure, and it is being called as individual, military or departmental
type of organizational structure.
B Functional Type A functional organization is a common type of organizational
structure in which the organization is divided into smaller groups
based on specialized functional areas; however, this violated the
primary principle that subordinates performs best when he or she is
under one supervisor .
C Line and Staff Type This is the combination of the line and functional types of
organizational structure.
A Autocratic The autocratic leader is highly authoritative. He makes decisions
89 without allowing subordinates to participate. They do, however, know
where they stand because he goes by the book.
B Democratic The supervisor who leads democratically, and seek ideas and
suggestions from his subordinates and allows them to participate in
decision making that affects them, and secures the best results as a
leader.
C Free-Rain The leader who plays down his role as such and exercises a minimum
control, seldom gives his subordinates the attention or help they need.
A Leadership It is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others
90 to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the
organizations of which they are members.
B Police Management This denotes the process of directing and controlling people and things
 so that organizational objectives can be accomplished
C Supervision It is as part of the management process, which refers to the act of
overseeing people in the police organization. It is the process of
overseeing subordinates and line officers.
COMPARATIVE POLICE SYSTEM
A Tun Policing It is a system of policing which emerged during the Anglo-Saxon
91 period whereby all male residents were required to guard the town, or
the then called “tun,” purposely to preserve the peace and order and
protect the lives and properties of the people.
B Shire-Reeve System It was the policing system during the Norman period when England
was divided into fifty-five military areas, called the shire, and each
headed by a ruler called the “Rieve,” and it is the forerunner of the
word sheriff.
C Bow Street Runners It has been called the London's first professional police force. The
force, originally numbering six men was founded in 1749 by Henry
Fielding.
A Police It is now used primarily to denote a body of people organized to
92 maintain peace and order, to ensure public safety, to enforce the law,
and to investigate violation of laws and commission of crimes.
B Home Rule Theory The police officers are regarded as servants of the community, who
rely for the efficiency of their functions upon the expressed needs of
the people
C Continental Theory The police officers are regarded as state, or servants of the higher
authorities.
A Robert Peel He is regarded as the father of modern British policing and as one of
93 the founders of the modern Conservative Party, and the founder of
modern professional policing in England.
B Olive Cromwell He is an English soldier and statesman, who led parliamentary forces
in the English Civil Wars and was lord protector of England, Scotland,
and Ireland (1653–58) during the republican Commonwealth, and after
returning from war, he was appointed as the commissioner of the
world first acclaimed police organization.
C Saxon Frankpledge It was a private system of social obligation in which all adult males
were responsible for the good conduct of all others.
A August Volmer He considered the police in US as the vanguard for socializing
94 America’s youth.
B Philadelphia It has established in 1905 the first modern state police, and formed
with the purpose of fighting rural crime, it was used primarily to
circumvent corruption and control labor strikes.
C Pinkerton National It is the most famous independent police force, and which was
Detective Agency founded by Allan Pinkerton in the 1950s at Chicago, Illinois.
A Todo Fukeu Keisatru The dual system of municipal police and rural police was later
95 abolished and the two forces were integrated into a central police force
under the name of Todo Fukeu Keisatru or Prefectural Police.
B Kaitsa Seido The police system in Japan generally enjoys wide community support
and respect, and the system is being called as Keisatsu Seido.
C Junsa It is the lowest rank of police in Japan, while the highest rank is Keisei
Sokan, he is the Superintendent General of the Tokyo Metropolitan
Police Department (TMPDD).
A HB Longworthy He is the first chief of the civil police affairs office in Malaysia.
96 B Rakan Cop Or “Friends of Cops” is the Malaysian community police corps which
was launched by the RMP in Kuala Lumpur on August 9, 2005 to help
combat the crimes in the country.
C Polis Diraja Malaysia Or the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP), is part of the security forces
structure of the country’s police force.
A Phon Thamruat It is the lowest rank in TNPD.
97 B Boys in Brown The police in TNPD are also called as “boys-in-brown” because of the
color of their uniform.
C Keepers of the Peace Or the “Constabuli” were appointed to each village to aid the “Rieve” in
his duties, and it became the source of the word “Constable.” It is in
response to the study made on the works of the “Shire-Reeves” or
“Sheriffs,” which was inefficient in policing.
A Kepolisan Negara The Indonesian National Police (INP) or Kepolisian Negara Indonesia
98 Indonesia (KNI) is the official police force of Indonesia. It was formerly a part of
the Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) since the country’s
independence from the Dutch.
B Kamra The Indonesian National Police (INP) or Kepolisian Negara Indonesia
(KNI), is also enlisting the services of Kamra, meaning peoples’
security.
C Bayangkara Dua It t is the lowest rank of police in the INP, while the highest is Jenderal
Polisi.
A William Caine He is the first Chief of Police of the RHKPF, and also served as the
99 Chief Magistrate.
B Commissioner of Police It is the highest rank of police in the RHKPF, and the lowest is
Constable.
C Royal Hong Kong Police It is the largest disciplined police service under the Security
Force Bureau of Hong Kong, and it is the world's second and Asia's first
police agency to operate with a modern policing system.
A Francis James Bernard The SPF has a heritage almost as old as that of modern Singapore,
100 having been formed in 1819 with a skeleton force of eleven men under
the command of Francis James Bernard, son-in-law of William
Farquhar.
B Pasukan Polis It has been ranked consistently in the top five positions in the Global
Singapura Competitiveness Report (GCR) in terms of reliability of its police
services. The SPF or the Pasukan Polis Singapura is the main agency
tasked in maintaining law and order in the city-state.
C Mireelli Ballistrazi She is the former Deputy Central Director of the French Judicial
Police, and the present President of the INTERPOL, based in Lyon,
France.