i

EFFECT OF PARENTAL SEPARATION ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AS

PERCEIVED BY THE GRADE 12 STUDENTS

A Quantitative Research
presented to the Senior High School Department-Academic Track
BENGUET NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL-MAIN
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Inquiries,Investigation and Immersion

Bugnay, Elaiza
Mamaril, Rachelle Joy
Polon, Keanu Bjorn
So-oc, Ereca

LEA C. OLANTE
Research Teacher

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers greatly acknowledged the following whose continuous support and

valuable efforts have contributed a lot in the realization of this study:

Ms. Leo O. Olante, the practical research teacher, for her continuous

encouragement which inspired the researchers to finish the thesis and for her efforts

in checking the preliminary versions of the paper;

The faculty and the administration for their willingness to strengthen the

research program of the school through encouragement and guidance they offer to

the researchers which made this study possible;

The advisers and staffs who has the kindness to allow the researchers to

conduct the study on their classes.

The families, friends and classmates of the researchers for their inspiration

and extended support; and,

The Almighty God for the gift of life, wisdom, good health, and the guidance

that He gave to the researchers from the start up to finish of this study.

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ABSTRACT

EFFECT OF PARENTAL SEPARATION ON THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE AS PERCEIVED BY THE GRADE 12 STUDENTS. Polon, Keanu
Bjorn ., So-oc, Ereca ., Mamaril, Rachelle Joy ., & Bugnay, Elaiza ., 2019-2020:
Benguet National High School-Main. Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet.

This study sought to know the effects of parental separation to the students, to know

the main sources based on their responses, and for the researches to give advice to the

students .

1. What is the perceptions on the relationship of parental separation and academic

performance of students?

2. To what extent does parental separation affect the grade 12 academic students on

adolescents?

3. Is there a significant difference between the perception of parental separation between

the male and female learners?

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Title Page i
Acknowledgements ii
Abstract iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vii
Introduction
Background of the Study
Conceptual Framework
Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis of the Study
Scope and Delimitation
Significance of the Study
Methodology
Research Design
Population and Locale of the Study
Data Collection Instrument
Data Collection Procedures
Statistical Treatment of Data
Results and Discussion
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
References
Appendices
A Communication letter
B Reliability Analysis
C Questionnaire

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LIST OF TABLES

No. Title of the Table Page

1 Distribution of respondents
2 Profile

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LIST OF FIGURES

No. Title of the Figure Page

1 Paradigm of the Study

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Parental separation is one of concerned issues in terms of the education of

the student that may affect their academic performance in school. In the Philippines,
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we all know that family is important and one of the pillars of our society. However at

present, a lot of Filipino family have encounter problems that may cause separation

of parents. It is one of the major problems of the Philippine society that need so

much attention of the government. It affects the social, economic and political aspect

of the country. Not only in our society but most important it affect the child growth. A

broken family is not a good example to the Filipino as it has a negative impact on

each individual knowing that you came from a broken family. In the Philippines

traditionally it is the family that keeps us strong and give us the courage to do what

is right and family is our first priority in our life. However, even if we don't want to

have a broken family we can't stop our parents to separate their ways if they really

not in a good relationship.

Family plays a crucial role in molding one's personality, belief and capability.

Everything about a man mostly relies on the state of the family he belonged. The

way he acts towards other people could be accounted to the people whom he often

mingles with. Living under the same roof might as well add to the reasons how

dependent he is in his family. Even so, since every individual has this reliance

towards his family, any adversity would definitely affect his whole-being. Such

devastating matters regarding family relationships like parents separation could give

a severe impact to the people concerned, the children (Eshica, 2010). Nowadays,

many are involved in a broken family. It is very usual for people to think that

teenagers doing such nasty acts are rooted to family disorientation. Even countless
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studies show that child's mislead life is blamed to separated parents. According to

Eshica (2010), children with separated parents do not perform well in school which is

a very terrifying incident because a school that is an institution for learning is failing

to deliver education. Thus, it merely become unproductive. Moreover it is said that

children, being part of a broken family are suffering five times than their parents do.

Parental separation really causes problems in emotional, behavioral and academic

aspects. Studies also say that those teenagers are worse off than those with

continuously married parents in terms of academic success, conduct, psychological

well-being and peer relations system . Thus, it appears like adolescents are the

innocent victims of their parents' inability to maintain harmonious and stable homes

(Amato 2007). Parents cannot afford to buy consumer goods in order to give their

child status among their peers. It results to juvenile delinquency of teenagers.

Juvenile delinquency is defined as a violation of the law committed by a juvenile and

not punishable by death or life imprisonment. Adolescents belonging to a broken

family are exposed to more stressful experiences and circumstances than those who

are living with continuously married parents. It builds up cognitive social and

emotional standpoint. A family is one of the most influential factors in the society.

The Filipino parents are important to every child and it helps the youth to develop a

good behavior which affects the outlook of their future of every Filipino child. In the

Philippines, morality is important in every Filipino. However, nowadays a lot of

Filipino imitate foreign attitude when it comes to having a relationship. Based on the

researchers' observation, some adolescents who are studying at Benguet National

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High School -main are products of broken families due to parental separation or

abandonment of spouse.This situation prompted the researchers to conduct a study

on the effects of parental separation to the academic performance of senior high

learners.

Conceptual Framework

Student academic performances can be affected by many factors such as

gender, age, teaching staff, father/ family economic condition, family social status,
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total study hours and accommodation of them as hostelries or day scholars

(Pritchard, 1996).

A study suggested that student’s educational performance and achievements

relies heavily on social status of parents and guardians of them (Graetz, 1995).

Researches also indicated that employment is one of the factors that affect the

academic achievement of students. They resulted that employment affects

negatively the performance of the students as the more the number of hours they

work they are more distracted from academic issues. Pritchard (1996) also

mentioned that more working hours will decrease the probability of being an

achiever student. According to Steinberg & Dombusch, (1991, p. 307), it is not about

doing the jobs that creates the problem in managing the work load of studies. It is

about the amount of work done as the students who work more spend less time on

their studies and also pay less attention during their classes.

We can resolute the student academic achievements by their performances in

their institutions, their activities and assignments done in classes, presentations they

give and results of their exams (Ong, Bessie, and Cheong, 2009). Students

complained about the stress they feel while giving their exams, competitions

regarding their grades or in a case when they have so much to study and less time

to do it. They say that it really effect on their performance work (Carveth, Gesse, &

Moss, 1996). A research found that student’s attitude towards the learning of
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working ethics is related to the academic performance and achievements (Conard,

2006; Jan-sen & Bruinsma, 2005). According to Richardson, (2011) & Yip, (2009),

that confidence level of students in themselves in terms of academics and their

management abilities as how they manage their academic work load affects their

academic performance.

Reddy et al (2018) in their study concludes that stream wise difference a

stress does exist in students. To deal with stress is very important at personal,

social, and institutional level. The remedies have been found to be useful to deal

with stress such as yoga, life skills training, mindfulness, meditation, and

psychotherapy. The integrated wellbeing of students is important for the institute not

only for an individual. Dimitrov, (2017) in his study claimed that stress can be

addressed by ensuring that the students give importance to their welfare. He also

concluded that the education system is more to do with the academic qualification

and does not contribute enough to the holistic development of students. According to

the Prestige e-Journal of Management and Research Volume 4 Issue 2 (October,

2017) and Volume 5 Issue 1 (April, 2018) ISSN 2350-1316, 62 students are usually

conditioned in a way that makes them fearful to take up upcoming challenges as the

focus is on the academics and not the development of a go gather mentally. The

students from private schools are more pressurized as compared to students from

government schools due to the excess of homework and other academic related

assignments.
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Butane, (2013) in his study measured the academic stressors experienced by

the students. The result of the analysis showed that there is an unreasonable

academic overload, not enough time to study due to the vast course content being

covered, high family expectations and low motivation levels are some reasons for

the stress. Fear of failure is also the prime reason of stress. Therefore, there was no

significant difference found among the students from different specializations.

Stress, for sure, affects the student’s ability to study efficiently and it helps reduce

the academic pressure and helps them fulfill their goals. Bursary (2012) found that

stress was leading to depression among secondary school students and is linked

with effects on academic achievement.

Stress is not an extra-ordinary things, it is just part of our daily life. It can

improve our motivation and help us to improve our productivity (Centre, 2010). It

depends on how we perceived about stress and how we react against it. It can affect

as negatively as well and if we always react or respond negatively against stress it

also could affect our health and happiness (Robinson, 2010).

Paradigm of the Study

Teenage Pregnancy Home as a factor affecting

student’s academic
performance
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EFFECTS OF
PARENTAL Academic Performance
SEPARATION

Students perform well Students educational

when their parents cater attainment could suffer
for their basic need on time if their tuition fees are not
paid promptly

Figure 1. Paradigm of the study.

Statement of the Problem

This study sought to know the techniques in dealing with the effects, to know

the main sources on their responses, and for the researches to give advice to the

students experiencing stress.

 What is the perceptions on the relationship of parental separation and

academic performance of students?

 To what extent does parental separation affect the grade 12 academic

students on adolescents?

 Is there a significant difference between the perception of parental separation

between the male and female learners?

Hypothesis of the Study

Hypothesis are formulated based on the research questions:

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H01: There is a significant relationship between the perception of parental

separation between the male and female respondents.

Scope and Delimitation

This study seeks to find out the effects of parental separation on the student’s

academic performance. While the study recognizes the parental separation have

effects on the students and as such as this study will limit itself only to the Grade 12

Academic Track Students of Benguet National High School-Main .

Significance of the Study

As the research is intended to be useful in the future, it is conducted to

benefit the following:

Grade 12 Students of Benguet National High School-Main. This study will

help them to become aware of some of the effects of parental separation to the

students academic performance.

STUDENTS. The result will provide the students with some tips and knowledge on

committing suicide and how can it be avoided. The students will realized that

committing suicide will not give satisfying life.

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SINGLE PARENTS. The given data would guide the singlr parent on what might

happen to their children and future grandchildren. The single parents would properly

give advices and discipline to their children.

TEACHERS. The data provided will be of a great help to the teachers to understand

why their students failed in their grades and not actively participating in class. They

will also encourage students to be more inspired despite the problems they are

facing and the parents to be strong enough to give advices and disciplinary

measures to their children.

COUNSELOR.The data will of a great help to the counselor to know what was

happening to the students in the school and why are they like this and like that. They

will be the one to counsel those students about their psychological, social, emotional

problems.

METHODOLOGY
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This section discusses the methodology of the study, which includes the

research design, research locale, instrument used, data gathering procedure and

treatment of data.

Research Design

This study is quantitative in nature. The researchers used correlational

research design in order to find the significant difference between the students and

school related activities. Correlational design aims to show the comparison of more

than two groups in terms of outcomes (Creswell, 2014). In this study, it was used to

find the comparison of the effects of parental separation to the academic

performance of the students.

Locale and Population of the Study

The populations of the study are the Academic Track specifically Grade 12 Senior

High of Benguet National High School-Main, School Year 2019-2020 at Stockfarm, Wangal,

La Trinidad Benguet. This students belong to different strand of Senior High Program,

namely; ABM (Accountancy and Business Management), STEM (Science Technology and

Engineering Management), And HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences) with a

population size of 278 students. Through the help of Slovin’s Formula, the researchers

found out the exact population size of every section of Grade 12 Academic Track as a

representative in answering the questionnaire regarding to the difference of the Stress Level

of Grade 12 academic track between school related activities. According to the result of the

Slovin’s Formula, the population size of every strand and sections are:
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Table 1: Population size of the respondents

STRAND SECTION POPULATION SIZE
HUMSS A 19
B 23
C 24
D 24

E 23
STEM NONE 23
ABM NONE 29
TOTAL 165 REPRESENTATIVES

Data Collection Instrument

This study shall make use of Pilot Testing to find out if the questionnaire will

validate the questions encoded and if the questions will help the researchers to find

out the difference between the effects of parental separation to the academic

performance of the students.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers personally go to the respective classrooms of academic track

students especially grade 12 Senior High learners. Before the researchers will give
the research questionnaires to the students, the researchers will ask permission to
the subject teacher who handle the class. If the subject teacher allows the
researchers to conduct the survey, the researchers will give the instructions and
distribute the questionnaires to the students that are included in this study. The
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researchers also roomed around the classroom to facilitate the respondents in

answering the questionnaires. After that the researchers will collect the
questionnaires answered by the respondents and give thanks to the teacher who
allow the researchers to conduct the survey and to the participation of the students.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In order for the researchers to conduct responsibility, the researchers need to

understand how to treat the data correctly. At the beginning of the study the researchers

began to test the questionnaires if it is applicable to find the difference in the perceived

effects on having parental separation that the respondents experienced .

After the researchers fixed the errors of the questionnaires, they already conducted

the final survey of BeNHS-Main, specifically the Grade 12 Academic track in order to

determine the difference in the perceived effects on having parental separation of the grade

12 Academick Track students.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter of the paper presents the data gathered from the 165 Grade 12

Senior High School particularly Academic Track of Benguet National High School-
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Main at Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet who served as respondents of this research.

The data were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, Correlational Analysis.

The summary of the results was;

Table 1. Perceptions on the relationship of parental separation and academic

performance of students.

INDICATORS MEAN
1. Student perform well in school because they live with their 3.22
parents
2. Students cannot pay their tuition fees because their parent has 2.59
separated.
3. Student performs well academically because they live with 2.37
their father and not my mother
4. Student does not perform well in school because they stayed 2.05
with their mother and there is no bother about their education.
5. Children from separated home don’t take their three square 2.30
meal in a day.
6. Cannot comprehend well in school because they don’t take 2.53
their breakfast before going to school.
7. Children from separated home don’t always punctual in school. 2.45
8. Children from separated home don’t pay their school fees 2.50
regularly.
9. Students feel happy and motivated when their parents discuss 3.20
their academic career with them.
10. Children perform well academically when their parents cater 3.23
for their basic need on time needed.
11. Home has been identified as greater factor affecting students’ 3.22
academic performance.

Summary

The study examined the effect of parental separation on academic

performance of the grade 12 students of Benguet National High School-Main. The

first chapter of the study dealt with the introduction of the topic. It is made up of the
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background of the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study,

significance of the study, scope of the study and definition of terms.

The second chapter of the study dealt with the literature review which

consisted of the theoretical framework review of related concept, review of the study

and research hypothesis. Based on the objectives of the study hypothesis are

formulated and tested at 0.5 level of significance.

The third chapter of the study dealt with the methodology. This includes the

research design, population of the study, sample and sampling technique, research

instruments .Validity and reliability of research instrument, research procedure, and

methods of statistical analysis.

The fourth chapter was concerned with the sampled of One hundred sixty-five

(165) from the students in Benguet National High School-Main, were selected

randomly , the analysis was presented in sections. Section one presented the

respondents, section two examine the results of findings, and section three is the

discussion of findings. While the chapter five dealt with the summary of the study,

conclusion, recommendations, limitations of the study and suggestions for further

studies.

Conclusion

It is important to remember that separation rates continue to increase so does

the likelihood that students of separated parents may have a greater risk of

adjusting in areas in educational performance. Students feel the impact of

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separation as it carries over into the classroom. Student’s from separated parents

show decresed functioning in academic performance .

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study , the following results are suggested :

1.

REFERENCES
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APPENDIX

COMMUNICATION LETTERS

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Cordillera Administrative Region
Division of Benguet
BENGUET NATIONAL HIGH
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SCHOOL
Stockfarm, Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet
Tel. No. 422-51-64

Dear Respondents,

We are the Grade 12 HumSS C students conducting a research on the perceived effects

of parental separation to the academic performance of students. In connection to this, we

respectfully request you to be our respondents in the competition of study. Please answer the

questionnaire sincerely and truthfully. Rest assured that your answers will be treated

confidentially. Thank You.

Truly yours,

Bugnay, Elaiza

Mamaril,Rachelle Joy

Polon, Keanu Bjorn

So-oc, Ereca

APPENDICES

RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
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Reliability Analysis on the perceived effects of parental separation to the academic

performance of students in Benguet National High School-Main.

Statistical Package for Social Sciences

Cronbach’s Alpha

Questions Subjects
21 165

Cronbach’s Alpha Interpretation

0 Acceptable

Reliability Coefficient Interpretation

α ≥ 0.9 Excellent
0.9 > α ≥ 0.8 Good
0.8 > α ≥ 0.7 Acceptable
0.7 > α ≥ 0.6 Questionable
0.6 > α ≥ 0.5 Poor
0.5 > α Unacceptable

DeVellis, R. F. (2012). Scale development: Theory and applications. Los Angeles:

Sage Publications, Inc.

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNARE

Name (optional):_______________
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Strand and Section: ________

Age: ____
INSTRUCTIONS: Kindly put a thick (/) mark on the column that corresponds to your
answer. Please be guided on the description below.

Numerical Description
Description
4 Parental Separation affects me VERY MUCH.
3 Parental Separation affects me LIGHTLY.
2 Parental Separation do NOT stress me.
1 Parental Separation do NOT stress me AT ALL.

S/N QUESTION SA A D SD
1. Student perform well in school because they live with their
parents
2. Students cannot pay their tuition fees because their parent has
separated.
3. Student performs well academically because they live with their
father and not my mother
4. Student does not perform well in school because they stayed
with their mother and there is no bother about their education.
5. Children from separated home don’t take their three square
meal in a day.
6. Cannot comprehend well in school because they don’t take their
breakfast before going to school.
7. Children from separated home don’t always punctual in school.
8. Children from separated home don’t pay their school fees
regularly.
9. Students feel happy and motivated when their parents discuss
their academic career with them.
10. Children perform well academically when their parents cater for
their basic need on time needed.
11. Home has been identified as greater factor affecting students’
academic performance.

The following statements will measure your perceptions on the effects of parental
separation on you as an adolescent.
Identifying the effect of parental separation on adolescents.
Students’ educational attainment could suffer if their tuition fees
12. are not paid promptly.
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13. Academic achievement of a child can be achieved if the child

takes balance diet.
14. Inappropriate social, psychological moral and academic
performance development from separated home.
15. Parental separation presents a real danger to the emotionally
personality and mental adjustment of young adolescent.
16. Children from separated homes perform poorly in schools.
17. In parental homes you are not exposed to kinds of material used
in schools.
18. Parental separation do not engendered intellectual stimulations.
19. Peer groups pressure is prevalence in separated homes.
20. Parental separation has been identified as one the great factors
affecting student academic performance.
21. Teenage pregnancy is common in a separated home.

PROFILES

BUGNAY,
ELAIZA
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

EDUCATION
BENGUET NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Contact 2014-2018
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PHONE: 09 OLAS AMPAGUEY ELEMENTARY

EMAIL: SCHOOL
2007 – 2014
HOBBIES
 LISTENING TO MUSIC SKILLS
 PLAYING VOLLEYBALL

Background Information
Mother: LIZA O. BUGNAY
Father: EDWIN P. BUGNAY SR.

MAMARIL, B.
RACHELLE JOY
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

EDUCATION
Benguet National High School-Main
CONTACT 2014-2020
PHONE:
09482443503 Puguis Elementary School
2007-2014
EMAIL:
rachellejoy25mamaril@gmail.com
SKILLS
 DRAWING
HOBBIES
 SINGING  PHOTOGRAPHY
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 DANCING Background Information

 ADVENTURING Mother: Mary an B. Mamaril
 HIKING Father: Bonifacio R. Mamaril Sr.

SO-OC, B.
ERECA
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

EDUCATION
BENGUET NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Contact 2017-2020
PHONE: 0932533576 GUISAD VALLEY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
2014-2017
EMAIL: None
BAGU ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2007 – 2014
HOBBIES
 Playing Badminton and SKILLS
Volleyball  Eating
 Cleaning
 Sleeping

Background Information
Mother: Estifania B. So-oc
Father: Danny B. So-oc
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POLON, A.
KEANU BJORN
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

EDUCATION
BENGUET NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Contact 2014-2018
PHONE: 09506636133
EMAIL: GADANG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
2007 – 2014
keanubjornpolon09052061588@gmail.com
SKILLS
 DRAWING
HOBBIES
 PLAYING BILLYARD Background Information
Mother: PHEBE M. POLON
Father: MARION S. POLON

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