Examination questions

Internal medicine
GENERAL
Value of history and the general examination in diagnosis of respiratory diseases.
Inquiry of the patient, methodic, sequence.
Research of integuments and visible mucous membranes.
Anthropometrical researches, clinical value.
Care of patients with a pathology of respiratory organ. Medical
Sisters role in rendering of the emergency help.
Prophylactic medical examination of patients, kinds of dispensary establishments.
The order of the reception of patients. The documentation of the reception.
Faces of patients at endocrine diseases and other internal organs (hypothyroidism and
hyperthyroidism, cardiac failure, mitral defect).
Percussion, its kinds and methods.
Methodic of the general inspection of the patient, its sequence.
The General clinical analysis of urine in normal.
Hyperthermia, its types, diagnostic value. Medical care of fever patients.
The history of the disease as the medical and legal document, its maintenance (the
scheme of the case history) of the disease.
Research of lymph nodes, muscles, bones, joints, anthropometrical researches clinical
value.
Methodic of definition of fluids in cavities; in pericardium, pleural and peritoneum -the causes of formation,
clinical value
Medical ethics and deontology. Iatrogenic diseases in clinic of internal diseases
Technique of revealing of complaints at the patient, their value in diagnostics of Diseases.
Thermometry, techniques of measurement of temperature. Types of temperature graphs
18. Instrumental methods of examination. Their value in clinic of internal diseases
(ultrasonic, X-ray examination, endoscopic, electrocardiogram, EEG).

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
1. The main functions of cardiac muscle. Function of automatism and its disorder. Clinical
importance.
2. Relative and absolute cardiac dullness. Methodic of determine and its clinical
importance.
3. Rheumatism definition, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical features, Diagnosis of
rheumatism and principles of treatment.
4. The mechanism of formation of heart sounds, their characteristics and differences.
Concept about bifurcation of the I and II tones, diagnostic value.
5. An electrocardiogram - attributes of myocardial infarction (the sharp period).
6. Inquiry and general inspection of the patient with pathology of cardiovascular system
7. The syndrome of cardiomegaly (a hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart)
8. Clinical features of right ventricular heat failure.
9. Points of auscultation of heart sounds
11. The Function of heart muscle excitation, its disorder and ECG features.
12. Cardiac asthma, oedema of lungs, causes, symtomology, emergency treatment.
13. Instrumental methods of exploration of the cardiovascular system.
14. Classification of heart sounds.
15. Characteristics of the pulse and arterial pressure at aortic defects.
16. Palpation of the heart, a technique, sequence, clinical value.
17. Phono- echocardiography, coronary angiography. Principles and diagnostic value.
18. The symptom of “a cat`s purr” the mechanism of formation, types, diagnosis and
clinical value.
19. Concomitant mitral valular disease- concept, hemodynamics, clinic features, and
diagnosis
20. A technique of measurement of blood pressure by Korotkov's method, its clinical
value. Concept about pulse pressure.
21. Arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, extrasystole. Concept about defibrillation
of the heart.
22. Disorder of conductivity (blockade), an electrocardiogram - diagnosis
23. An electrocardiogram - details of atrial, atrioventricular (central) and ventricular
extrasystole.
24. A stenosis left atrioventricular valve and its hemodynamic, clinic features and
diagnosis.
25. Extra cardiac murmurs.
26. Diastolic murmur of the direct blood flow, the mechanism of formation, a point of
auscultation, diagnostic value.
27. The syndrome of the disorder of the myocardium, clinical features.
28. Acute coronary syndrome - concept. Acute myocardial infarction its clinical features,
diagnosis, principles of treatment and care of patients. Cardiogenic shock.
29. Cardiac “hump-back” the apex beat, cardiac beat, pathophysiologycal substantiation,
diagnostic value.
30. A technique of auscultation of the heart, concept about the accent of the second sound.
31. Atherosclerosis, ischemic cardiac disease - Concept, clinical features, principles of
treatment.
32. Systolic murmurs of regurgitation - diagnosis, points of auscultation, diagnostic value.
33. Aortic stenosis - hemodynamics, clinic features, diagnosis and treatment.
34. Cardiac Fibrillation - diagnosis, an electrocardiogram features, principles of treatment.
35. Angina Pectoris, concept, types, symptoms, diagnostics, principles of treatment.
36. Aortic incompetence, hemodynamics, clinic features, and diagnosis.
37. Method of examination of the Pulse and its characteristics
38. Chronic left ventricular insufficiency, clinical features, causes and diagnosis.
39. Heart murmurs - concept, mechanisms of formation. Organic and functional murmurs.
40. Genesis of waves and intervals of ECG.
41. Vascular insufficiency syndrome - types, clinic features, diagnosis Emergency
treatment at acute vascular insufficiency.
42. Chronic cardiac failure, concept, types, clinical features diagnosis.
43. Concept about “quail rhythm” "gallop rhythm", the mechanism of formation,
diagnostic value.
44. Mitral incompetence, hemodynamics, clinic features, diagnosis
45. Diastolic murmur of regurgitation - diagnostics, auscultation points, diagnostic value.
46. Hypertension. Etiology ,pathogenesis. Clinic features, diagnosis principles of
treatment. A hypertension crisis. The general features of symptomatic arterial
hypertension.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Examination of respiratory system. Inquiry and examination, palpation of the chest,
sequence and clinical value.
2. Pneumothorax and hydropneumothorax. Concept, causes, clinic features and diagnosis.
3. A pneumonia, concept, types, clinical features.
4. An abscess of a lung, symptoms, diagnosis, principles of treatment and care of patients.
5. A syndrome of a cavity in a lung, concept, the reasons of occurrence, clinic and
diagnostics.
6. A syndrome of insufficiency of function of external breathing, the reason. Restrictive
and obstructive respiratory insufficiency.
7. A dry pleurisy, clinic, diagnostics, principles of treatment.
8. Vesicula breathing, the mechanism of formation, types, diagnostic value.
9. Bronchial breathing, the mechanism of formation, kinds, diagnostic value.
10. Croupous pneumonia, stages of disease. Clinical diagnostics of a phase of the sanction.
Complications.
11. Vocal fremitus, a technique of definition, change at a pathology in lungs and a pleura.
12. Bronchoobstructive syndrome, the reasons, clinical diagnostics.
13. The basic respiratory sounds in normal and pathological conditions, pathophysiological
estimation.
14. Exudative pleurisy, concept, symptoms, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
15. Acute and chronic bronchitis (obstructive and non obstructive). etiology, clinic
features, principles of treatment.
16. Dyspnoea, an asthma, apnoea, pathophysiological substantiation at patients with
diseases of lungs.
17. Percussion lungs, the purpose, rules, sequence.
18. Atypical pneumonia, clinic features and diagnosis.
19. A syndrome of the increased airiness of lungs, concept, clinic, diagnostics.
20. Chronic obstructive respiratory diseases, variants of the obstruction, contributing
factors.
22. Hospital (nosocomial) pneumonia, risk factors. Principles of treatment of neumonias.
23. Hemoptysis, the reasons, diagnostic value.
24. Focal pneumonia, aetiology, clinic, diagnostics, principles of treatment.
25. A role of examination of sputum, bronchopulmonary lavage and pleural fluid in
diagnosis of diseases of respiratory system
26. A technique of a pleural puncture, examination of a pleural fluid, clinical value.
27. Classification of rales and their pathophysiological estimation, clinical value.
28. The syndrome of fluid in the pieural cavity,diagnosis of exudates and transsudate,
clinical value.
29. Pathophysiological estimation of crepitation, noise of friction of a pleura, diagnostic
value.
30. Instrumental methods of examination of patients with diseases of respiratory organs.
31. A syndrome of atelectasis, kinds, the mechanism of formation, diagnostics.
32. A bronchial asthma, concept, kinds, clinic, diagnostics, principles of treatment. The
urgent help and care during the moment of an attack of an asthma.
33. Pathophysiological an estimation and clinical value pain in the chest, cough, dispnoea,
an asthma pulmonary patients.
34. The syndrome of infiltration of the lung diagnosis.
35. Chronic pulmonary heart, the reasons, diagnostics.
36. Methods of examination of function of external breathing (spirometry, peak flow
meter, blood gases), diagnostic value.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
1. Dyspepsia, its pathology, mechanism, diagnostic value of its symptoms.
2. Examination of the patient with diseases of digestive system (inquiry, general
inspection, percussion, palpation, auscultation).
3. Value of laboratory and instrumental methods in diagnosis of diseases of gastrointestinal
system.
4. A syndrome of disoder of an oesophagus, the reason, clinic, diagnostics.
5. The symptom of non ulcerous dyspepsia, clinic features, diagnosis.
6. Acute and chronic gastritis, Gastric ulcer, Gastric cancer - its etiology, clinical features,
principles of treatment.
7. Enteritis, etiology, clinic features, principles of treatment. Crohn's disease.
8. Colitis, etiology, clinic features, principles of treatment. Non specific ulcerative colitis.
9. Syndromes Esophageal of gastric and intestinal bleeding. The causes, diagnosis.
10. A syndrome of disorder of digestion and absorption. The reasons, diagnostics.
11. Jaundice, types, diagnosis. A skin itch. Circulation of bilious pigments.
12. Clinical examination of the patient with liver pathology. Functional tests of liver.
13. Portal hypertension. The causes, pathogenesis, clinic features, principles of treatment.
14. Hepatorenal syndrome, causes, pathogenesis, diagnosis. hypersplenism - clinical value.
15. A syndrome of hepatic -cellular insufficiency (hepatic coma). The reasons, clinic,
diagnostics.
16. A chronic hepatitis, etiology, clinic features, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
17. Cirrhosis of a liver, etiology, clinic, diagnosis, principles of treatment. Complications
of cirrhosis of a liver.
18. Cholelithiasis, etiology, clinic features, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
19. A chronic cholecystitis, etiology, clinic features, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
20. Chronic pancreatitis, etiology, clinic features. Investigation of external and endocrine
functions of a pancreas. Examination of stool, its diagnostic value. Instrumental
examination of a pancreas. Principles of treatment of a chronic pancreatitis.
21. Cholestasis, causes, clinic features, diagnosis.
 URINARY SYSTEM
1. Clinical examination of patient with renal pathology (the general symptoms, inspection,
palpation, percussion, auscultation).
2. Renal oedema their, causes, pathology and diagnosis.
3. Dysuria – pathology of urinary systems. The clinical features, diagnosis
4. A uric syndrome at diseases of kidneys, clinical value.
5. An estimation of a functional condition of kidneys. Zimnitskiy's test.
6. Instrumental methods of investigation at pathology of urinary systems. Biopsy of
kidneys. Indications and contra indications.
7. Nephrotic syndrome. The characteristic, aetiology, clinical features
8. Hypertensive syndrome. Etiology, clinic, diagnostics.
9. Nephritic (acutenephritic) syndrome, aetiology, clinic, diagnostics.
10. A syndrome of renal insufficiency (acute and chronic). Uremic coma. The causes,
clinical features, diagnosis, principles of treatment.
11. Acute glomerulonephritis. Aetiology and pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis,
principles of treatment.
12. Chronic glomerulonephritis, aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, principles of
treatment.
13. Nephrolithiasis, aetiology, clinic features, principles of treatment.
14. Pyelonephritis. Clinic of acute and chronic pyelonephritis. Diagnosis, principles of
treatment.

DISEASES OF THE BLOOD

1. Examination of the patient with a hematological pathology. Value of the anamnesis in
diagnostics of diseases of the blood.
2. Diagnostic value of change in general analysis of the blood at pathology of hemapoietic
system.
3. Concept about a puncture of a bone marrow, a lymph node, trepanobiopsy. Their
diagnostic value.
4. Anemia, the causes, types, diagnosis.
5. Hemolytic syndrome, the characteristic, causes, diagnosis.
6. Hemorrhagic syndrome, the causes, clinical features.
7. Chronic iron - deficiency anemia. Etiology, clinic features, diagnosis, principles of
treatment.
9. Acute leucosis, kinds, clinic, diagnostics.
10. Chronic myeloleucosis, clinic, diagnostics.
11. Chronic lymphoid leucosis, clinic, diagnostics.
12. Morphological structure of peripheral blood in normal, changes at diseases of the
blood.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES
1. Examination of patients with diseases of Endocrine system.
2. Diabetes mellitus, concept, clinical types. Diabetic coma.
3. Thyrotoxicosis, concept, clinic features, diagnosis.