International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 5, August 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Project Planning & Scheduling

P. B. Sudha1, Dr. K. Vidhya2
1ME
Student, 2Head of Department,
1,2Construction Engineering & Management, Mahendra Engineering College, Tiruchengode, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: P. B. Sudha | Dr. K.

Large Planning is a general term that sets a clear road map that should be Vidhya "Project Planning & Scheduling"
followed to reach a destination. The term, therefore, has been used at different Published in
levels to mean different things. Planning involves the breakdown of the project International Journal
into definable, measurable, and identifiable tasks/activities, and then of Trend in Scientific
establishes the logical interdependences among them. These plans involve Research and
four main steps: Development
 Performing breakdown of work items involved in the project into (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
activities. 6470, Volume-4 | IJTSRD31775
 Identifying the proper sequence by which the activities should be Issue-5, August
executed. 2020, pp.226-229, URL:
 Activities representation. www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31775.pdf
 Estimating the resources, time, and cost of individual activities.
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
Planning requires a rigorous effort by the planning team. A planner should
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
know the different categories of work and be familiar with the terminology
Research and Development Journal. This
and knowledge used in general practice. Also, the planning tem should seek
is an Open Access article distributed
the opinion of experts including actual construction experience. This helps
under the terms of
produce a realistic plan and avoids problems later on site.
the Creative
KEYWORDS: Project Planning, scheduling, scope, factors, mobilization, Microsoft Commons Attribution
project License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0)

INTRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS OF PLANNING

Construction planning is a fundamental and challenging 1. Knowledge on scope of work (Quantity & value) and
activity in the management and execution of construction understanding the project.
projects. It involves the choice of technology, the definition 2. Duration, Sequence, Milestones and Priorities.
of work tasks, the estimation of the required resources and 3. Identifying the resource and analyzing the availability of
durations for individual tasks, and the identification of any resource.
interactions among the different work tasks. A good 4. Site condition (Access & Timing)
construction plan is the basis for developing the budget and 5. Climatic condition of the locality.
the schedule for work. Developing the construction plan is a 6. Understanding the Specifications & Methodology.
critical tasking the management of construction, even if the
plan is not written or otherwise formally recorded. In What to Plan?
addition to these technical aspects of construction planning, A. Time
it may also be necessary to make organizational decisions B. Resource
about the relationships between project participants and C. Cost
even which organizations to include in a project.
Why to Plan?
Essential aspects of construction planning include the To ensure the project is completed
generation of required activities, analysis of the implications A. With high quality
of these activities, and choice among the various alternative B. Within the stipulated Time
means of performing activities. In contrast to a detective C. Within the Budgeted cost using optimum resources.
discovering a single train of events, however, construction
planners also face the normative problem of choosing the When to Plan?
best among numerous alternative plans. A planner must A. Prior to Work
imagine the final facility as described in the plans and B. During Work
specifications. C. After the Completion of Work

PLANNING: PROJECT PLANNING STEPS

Planning is a defined Process to achieve the Targets in a The following steps may be used as a guideline, or checklist
systematic approach within the stipulated Cost, Time with to develop a project plan:
the Optimum Utilization of resources. 1. Define the scope of work, method statement, and
sequence of work

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
2. Generate the work breakdown structure (WBS) to C. Materials:
produce a complete list of activities. Construction materials are increasingly becoming scarce and
3. Prepare the logic or network diagram to establish a their procurement is a time consuming process. The
relationship among activities and integrating these schedule aids in forecasting of materials and their timely
diagrams to develop the network model supply determines the economics and progress work.
4. Analyzing the project network or models to determine
project duration, and identifying critical and non-critical PROJECT SCOPE:
activities The project scope outlines the intended result of the project
5. Exploring trade-off between time to cost to arrive at and what’s required to bring it to completion. In this scope,
optimal time and costs for completing the project. you’ll include all the resources involved and cost and time
6. Establishing standards for planning and controlling constraints. With this project scope, a work breakdown
men, materials, equipment, costs and income of each structure (WBS) is developed, which outlines all the tasks
work package. and breaks them down into specific deliverables. You can
7. Forecasting input resources, production costs and the extract the list of tasks that need to be completed. To be
value of the work done. clear, the WBS outlines what needs to be done – not how or
8. Forecasting the project budget allocations for achieving when. Once you have the list of tasks, you can sequence them
targets assigned to each organizational unit in the right order and estimate the time and resources
9. Designing a control system for the organization. required to bring them to completion. Resources start
10. Developing the resources, time and cost control working on their tasks, deliverables are completed, meetings
methodology. are held and status reports and development updates are
submitted during this phase.
PROJECT PLANNING TECHNIQUES
Stage – Project Planning OBJECTIVE
Planning Process - Breaking down project Work, developing 1. We understand the scope of the project and are pro-
time network plans. active both in interpreting the Clients requirements and
producing project schedules. The project team
Techniques/methods - Work break down, network analysis, effectively ‘buys-in’ and owns the project schedule.
gnart chart 2. Planning and scheduling information and
documentation is produced which can be effectively
Stage – Planning Resources utilized by project team members. The schedule is pro-
Planning Process - Forecasting resource requirements, actively analyzed & reviewed to identify any potential
planning manpower requirements, planning material restraints to progress. Any restraints identified being
requirements, budgeting costs, designing organizational reviewed with all appropriate project team members,
structure. including the Project Manager.
3. The objectives of the Global / Regional / Industry /
Techniques/methods - Man power scheduling Material Quality Systems are met. To study an on-going
scheduling Resource allocation Cost planning & budgeting construction project with focus on project Planning &
Equipment Selection and scheduling Scheduling and preparing necessary documents.
4. To identify the specific methodologies that can be
Stage – Planning implementation adopted in the project for Planning & Scheduling. To
Planning Process - Formulating monitoring methodology. identify scheduling technique used in developing
Techniques/methods - Resource productivity control, time Planning and Scheduling.
control, contribution control, budgetary control 5. To discuss the effectiveness of the methods and their
usefulness for construction project process.
PROJECT SCHEDULING 6. Use of computer software like Microsoft project
Scheduling means putting the plan on calendar basis. A software, which is most widely and globally used.
project network shows the sequence and inters
dependencies of activities, their time and their earliest and REQUIREMENTS FOR UNDERSTANDING THE PROJECT:
latest completion time, but these needs to be scheduled to 1. Client / Customer / Consultants
determine commencement and termination dates of each 2. Type of Project / Nature of Work
activity. Using optimum resources or working within 3. Type of Contract
resource constraints, it is a time table of work. A basic 4. Project Location & Layout
distinction exists between resource oriented scheduling 5. Master Plan / Area to be Built
techniques. The project is divided into number of operations. 6. Detailed Arch Plan
7. No of Structures / Units
FACTORS AFFECTING PROJECT SCHEDULING 8. Phase of Construction
A. Time: 9. Scope of Work
Most of the projects carry time constraints in the form of 10. Items of Work to be executed
imposed dates, these dates may include constraints on start 11. Volume of Work (Qty)
and completion of activities. 12. Specifications
13. Cost of the Project
B. Manpower: 14. Time Duration
Man power is one of the main in the successful execution of 15. Specific Tech Requirements (Milestones / Priorities /
projects. The idle labour time is paid for and the strikes and Quality Requirements)
breakdown of work are kept in view by manpower. 16. Infrastructure Facilities

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
17. Commercial Terms & Conditions produced with a given amount of raw materials. This makes
18. Statutory Norms & Regulations Microsoft Project unsuitable for solving problems of
available materials constrained production. Additional
PROJECT MOBILIZATION software is necessary to manage a complex facility that
Setting up the Basic infra structure facilities to start the produces physical goods.
project.
The application creates critical path schedules, and critical
Project Mobilization Requirements: chain and event chain methodology third-party add-ons also
A. Temporary Structures like Site Office, Store, Cement are available. Schedules can be resource levelled, and chains
Godown... are visualized in a Gantt chart. Additionally, Microsoft
B. Power & Water Arrangements Project can recognize different classes of users. These
C. Safety & Statutory Requirements different classes of users can have differing access levels to
D. Quality Lab Facilities projects, views, and other data. Custom objects such as
E. Labour Shed Facility calendars, views, tables, filters, and fields are stored in an
F. Staff Accommodation enterprise global which is shared by all users.
G. Plant & Machinery Set up Plan / Yards
H. Tools & Tackles. CONSTRUCTION PLANNING SCHEDULES
SCHEDULES FOR MONTHWISE QUANTITY - In this Schedule
MICROSOFT PROJECT SOFTWARE the activities involved in the project are listed and the
Microsoft Project is the world's most popular project quantity for the various works month wise is calculated. This
management software developed and sold by Microsoft. Schedule helps in the month wise mobilization of materials,
The application is designed to assist project managers in Plant & Machinery and Manpower.
developing plans, assigning resources to tasks, tracking
progress, managing budgets and analysing workloads. SCHEDULES FOR MONTHWISE INVOICING - In this Schedule
the invoicing month wise is calculated. The average rates are
Microsoft Project is a project management software taken from the Bill of Quantities from which the month wise
product, developed and sold by Microsoft. It is designed to Invoice is calculated.
assist a project manager in developing a schedule,
assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing CASH FLOW CHART (CUMULATIVE & MONTHWISE) – The
the budget, and analyzing workloads. Invoicing is done for each month and from these data the
Cash flow chart is prepared Month wise and cumulative for
Microsoft Project was the company's third Microsoft the entire Project Duration. This cash flow helps in the
Windows-based application. Within a few years after its allocation of funds.
launch, it became the dominant PC-based project
management software. SCHEDULE OF MANPOWER REQUIREMENT – The
manpower required for the project includes the skilled
It is part of the Microsoft Office family but has never been labours like Barbender, Carpenter and Mason and the
included in any of the Office suites. It is available currently in unskilled labours working in the project. By this Schedule
two editions, Standard and Professional. Microsoft Project's the number of skilled and unskilled labours required for the
proprietary file format is .mpp. project in each man day is calculated. This schedule helps in
the mobilization of the manpower and also for their
Microsoft Project and Microsoft Project Server are the optimum utilisation.
cornerstones of the Microsoft Office enterprise project
management (EPM) product. SCHEDULE OF BULK MATERIAL REQUIREMENT – The Bulk
materials in the project includes materials like Cement, Steel,
FEATURES fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, blocks, bricks etc. Using the
Project creates budgets based on assignment work and standard coefficients the bulk material quantities are
resource rates. As resources are assigned to tasks and calculated month wise. This schedule helps in the
assignment work estimated, the program calculates the cost, mobilization of the Bulk materials and also for their
equal to the work times the rate, which rolls up to the task optimum utilisation.
level and then to any summary tasks and finally to the
project level. Resource definitions (people, equipment and SCHEDULE OF SPECIALIZED AGENCIES – The specialized
materials) can be shared between projects using a shared agency includes the agency that are doing special works like
resource pool. Each resource can have its own calendar, waterproofing, joineries manufacture, external finishes like
which defines what days and shifts a resource is available. ACP cladding etc. So it is important to prepare a schedule
Resource rates are used to calculate resource assignment which enables the project completion without delay with
costs which are rolled up and summarized at the resource complete Quality requirements.
level. Each resource can be assigned to multiple tasks in
multiple plans and each task can be assigned multiple CONCULSION
resources, and the application schedules task work based on Planning is the most important process for the successful
the resource availability as defined in the resource completion of the project. By the method of Time planning it
calendars. is ensured that the Project is completed within the allocated
Time without any delay. In case of any delay or hindrance in
All resources can be defined in label without limit. Therefore, the Project alternative solutions are being arrived at for the
it cannot determine how many finished products can be successful completion.

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The resources in the Project include Materials, Manpower [5] “Construction Planning& Scheduling” by Andrew
and Plant & Machineries. By the method of resource Baldwin & David Bordoli -presents the key issues of
planning the resource requirement for the project is planning and programming in scheduling in a clear,
calculated and the optimum utilization of resources without concise and practical way.
wastage is ensured in the Project.
[6] “Construction Project Scheduling & Control” by Saleh A
Mubarak – The study provides a comprehensive
By the method of cost planning it is ensured that the Project
examination of the analytical methods used to devise a
is completed within the allocated Budget and also satisfying
reasonable, efficient, and successful schedule for
the Quality Requirements.
construction projects of all sizes.
The Management Planning Construction Schedules helps in [7] “ Maintenance , Planning, Coordination & Scheduling”
the proper planning of the project. The Microsoft project by Don Nyman & Joel Levitt - Based on real-world
helps in the scheduling and Tracking of the Project and experience this invaluable guide and reference tells the
indicates the delay. whole story of maintenance planning from beginning
to end in a concise and easy-to-follow manner.
REFERENCE
[8] “Project Scope Management “by Jamal Moustafaev
[1] “Basic Introduction to Project Planning & Scheduling”
describes how to elicit, document, and manage
by Jackie Gilliland emphasis - which the Project
requirements to control project scope creep. It also
planning, scheduling and control and project
explains how to manage project stakeholders to
management is explained in Detail.
minimize the risk of an ever-growing list of user
[2] “Project Planning & Scheduling” by Gregory T Haugan requirements.
did the Studies and makes all planning methods and
[9] “ Effective Work Breakdown Structures “By Dr. Gregory
tools available to project managers at all levels easy to
T. Haugan clearly states that WBS is a foundational
understand... and use.
building block to initiating, planning, executing, and
[3] “Project Planning, Scheduling & Control” by James P monitoring and controlling processes used to manage
Lewis - Thoroughly updated to encompass the projects. Resource Breakdown Structure
tremendous technological and workplace changes of (RBS) describes the project's resource organization,
the past decade--with exceptional illustrations and and can be used with the WBS to define work package
graphics to illuminate key points--this clearly written, assignments.
applications-oriented project management blueprint
[10] “ Practice Standard for Scheduling” By Project
reveals easy-to-follow.
Management Institute provides the latest thinking
[4] “Planning, Scheduling , Monitoring & Control” by Simon regarding good and accepted practices in the area of
Addy manin his book offers practical guidance on all scheduling for a project. In this new edition of the
planning aspects of preparing to undertake a project, practice standard, you will learn to identify the
executing a project, controlling its delivery to budget, elements of a good schedule model, its purpose, use,
time and quality, and delivering it safely. and benefits.

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