Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAR
Wangal, La Trinidad, Benguet

Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

COPYRIGHT NOTICE
2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides:

“No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through the
Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource Management and Development
System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and the source must be
acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited version, an enhancement or a
supplementary work are permitted provided all original work is acknowledged and the copyright is
attributed. No work may be derived from this material for commercial purposes and profit.

PREFACE
 This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly the Learning
Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of Education, Schools Division of CAR
which is in response to the implementation of the K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID, Schools Division of
CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in English.

Date of Development : May 2020

Resource Location : CAR-LRMS

Learning Area : Earth and Life Science

Grade Level : 11

Learning Resource Type : Module

Language : English

Quarter/Week : Q1/W1

Learning Competency/Code :

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the development of this
learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would not be possible without these
people who gave their support, helping hand and cooperation:

DIVISION LRMDS STAFF:

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX Librarian II Project Development Officer II

XXXXXXXXXXXXX EPS-LRMDS

CONSULTANTS:

XXXXXXXXXXXXX Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

XXXXXXXXXXXXXX Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

XXXXXXXXXXXX Schools Division Superintendent

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Copyright Notice …………………………………………………..……...…..…. ii

Preface …………………………………………………………………...…….… iii
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………. …….…... iv
Table of Contents……………………………………………………….…….… v
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………. 1
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….

Learning Objectives 2

Pretest………………………………………………………………….…………. 3

Lesson Proper……………………………………………………………………. 4
Review…………………………………………………………………………. 4

Activity 1……………………………………….……………….…………. 6
 Discussion of Activity 1……………………………………...…………… 7

Enrichment ……………………………………………………….…………… 8
Activities…………………………………………………………………… 9

Activity 1…………………………………………………………………… 11

Assessment 1……………………………………………...……………… 12

Activity 2…………………………………………………………………… 15

Assessment 2………………………………………………...…………… 16

Activity 3…………………………………………………………………… 18

Assessment 3……………………………………………...……………… 20

Generalization …………………………………………………………………… 21

Application ……………………………………………………………….……… 22

Post-Assessment …………………...…………………………………………… 23

Additional Activities……………………………………………….……………… 24

Answer Key……………………………………………………………………….. 25

Reference Sheet…………………………………………………...…….…….… 26

Origin and Structure of the Earth

Module in Earth and Life Science

First Quarter
 NADIA N. CHANGLAPEN

Developer

What I Need to Know

This module will discuss the uniqueness of the Earth as to why it is the only planet in
the solar system that can support life. The subsystems will also be explored.

The activities also examine the conditions necessary to support on-going life on
a planet. After considering the conditions needed for life as we know it, students select the
most habitable planet, in a fictitious planetary system, on which to crash land. This leads to a
discussion about what makes a planet habitable.

Lesson 1 – uuniqueness and properties of Earth that supports life

Lesson 2 – Four subsystems of the Earth

Learning Objectives

After going through this module you should be able to:

 Recognize the uniqueness of Earth, being the only planet in the solar system with
properties necessary to support life
 Explain that the earth consist of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter
and energy flow
 What I Know
Pre-assessment
Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the line before the number.

______1. It is the densest planet in the solar system.

a. Venus
b. Mars
c. Earth
d. Mercury
______2. It is the largest planet among the terrestrial planet.
a. Venus
b. Mars
c. Earth
d. Mercury
______3. What is unique about the Earth?
a. Proximity to the Sun- neither too much het nor too little
b. Proximity to the Sun- too much heat.
c. Proximity to the Sun – too much heat in the day and cold in the night.
d. All of these choices
______4. Earth has a system of plate tectonics that enables the carbon-silicate cycle
regulating temperature.
a. Somehow
b. False
c. True
d. Maybe
______5. Earth has the right size-small enough to hang on its atmosphere.
a. True
b. False
c. Somehow
d. Maybe
______6. What is unique about the existence of water in the earth?
a. Has its point of freezing in the south and North Pole.
b. Overflowing and never ending.
c. Neither too much nor too little – that is in liquid form.
d. Too much to handle.
______7. Earth has its protection by _______ whose gravity helps divert and vacuum up
incoming debris and keep it safe.
a. Mars
b. Moon
c. Saturn
d. Jupiter
______8. Which prevents the poles from shifting unexpectedly?
a. The sun light to the atmosphere.
b. The moon’s reflecting the light from the sun.
c. The moon’s stabilizing effect.
d. The moon being present in the morning.
______9. Earth has a system of plate tectonics that enables the carbon-silicate cycle
regulating temperature.
a. Maybe
b. Somehow
c. True
d. False
______10. Earth is the only planet that has one moon.
a. Maybe
b. False
c. Somehow
d. True
______11. nnnn

What’s In?
One could say that the most important event in the history of the universe was the
formation of a planet habitable by life. Like its neighbors, Mercury, Venus, and Mars, Earth was
formed during the formation of the solar system.

During the earlier formation of the Earth, heavier elements like iron, and nickel settled down
at its center, while lighter materials occupied the surface. This gave rise to the core as the innermost
layer and the crust or lithosphere as the outer rock layer. The middle layer is the mantle.

Earth is one special planet. It has liquid water, plate tectonics, and an atmosphere that
shelters it from the worst of the sun’s rays. But many scientists agree our planet’s most special
feature might just be us.
 What’s New?
1. Using the letters provided in figure 1, what is the four letter word that describes the
following images?

Figure 1. Finding the four letter word that

2. The humanity’s failure to protect the environment and life here on earth is likely due to the
following:
 inability to recognize the full consequence of his/her actions, and
 lack of appreciation of how truly unique the Earth is.

What’s in it?
What is Earth?

Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the sun and the only object in the
Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the solar system and the largest of the four
terrestrial planets.

What is unique about Earth?

Earth has the following:

 The existence of water at the Earth’s surface- neither too much nor too little- that is in liquid
form.
 Proximity to the sun- neither too much heat nor too little.
 System of plate tectonics that enables the carbon silicate cycle regulating temperature.
 The right size-large enough to hang on to its atmosphere, but not so large to hold on too
much atmosphere and consequently too much heat.
 Its protection by “big brother Jupiter”, whose gravity helps divert and vacuum up incoming
debris and keep Earth safe.
 The only moon and its stabilizing effect on our planetary rotation, which prevents the poles
from shifting unexpectedly.
What makes Earth capable of supporting life?

Water

Water is an excellent solvent, capable of dissolving many

substances, 70 % of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

Firstly, it is the only substance on Earth that is in liquid form

at the temperatures commonly found on the surface of our
planet.

Secondly, it is a superb solvent, meaning that other

substances regularly and easily dissolve into it. This allows
water to carry nutrients to cells, and carry waste away from
them.

Plate Tectonics

It is vital for a world to host life – that is a planet whose shell is broken up into plates that constantly
move around.

Plates cover the entire Earth, and their boundaries play an important role in geologic happenings.
The movement of these plates atop a thick, fluid “mantle” is known as plate tectonics and is the
source of earthquakes and volcanoes.

Atmosphere

It contains 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% argon. It blocks some of the Sun’s dangerous rays
from reaching Earth. It traps heat, making Earth a comfortable temperature. And the oxygen within
our atmosphere is essential for life.
 What’s More?

Activity 1 : Compare and Contrast the Planets

Instruction: using figure 2 and table 1, write down the similarities and differences among the three
planets.

Figure 2: Venus, Earth, and Mars. Images from NASA

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Terrestrial_planet_sizes.jpg
Activity 2: Crash Landing

1. Create a list of items you would need to bring with you to survive an extended trip on
a spaceship into space (the supplies that are necessary for life as we know it). Think
beyond what humans would need, and to consider the needs of other forms of life that
human might bring along (for example, plants for food or medicine, animals for food
or companionship, etc.).

2. Imagine yourself in an interstellar voyage. Your spaceship suffers mechanical

problems and will be force to land. Fortunately, you are passing through the Yanib
System, which is composed of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of
which have moons. The profile of planets and moons of the Yanib System are listed
on Table 3. You are to decide the best place to land your ship.

3. Record your selections and the reasons why you chose that planet or moon on the
space provided.

Activity sheet

A meteoroid has hit your spaceship! Luckily, you are passing through the Nonog System, which
consists of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of which have moons. Your ship has
barely enough fuel and guidance ability to allow you to select a nearby place to crash-land. Below
are profiles of each of the planets and moons in the Nonog system. The information is sketchy, but
it's all your sensors had time to collect before going off-line due to the damage caused by the
meteoroid. Good luck.

Planet 1 (closest the star) Planet 4

Mass: 1.5 (Earth = 1) Tectonics: Active volcanoes Mass: 1.5
and seismic activity detected. Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic activity
Atmosphere: CO2, N, and H20 Average detected.
Temperature: 651 degrees C Atmosphere: N, O2, and ozone layer Average
Description: Thick clouds surround the planet. No Temperature: 2 degrees C Description: Cold oceans,
surface is visible through the clouds. covered with ice along much of the globe. Some open
water around equator.

Planet 2 Planet 5
Mass: 0.5 Gas Giant with one large moon. Moon: Sulfur dioxide
Tectonics: No activity detected. (SO2) atmosphere. Many volcanoes and hot springs on
Atmosphere: Thin CO2 atmosphere detected. surface. Temperatures in hot spots can be up to 600
Average Temperature: 10 degrees C Description: degrees C. Other spots away from volcanic heat can
Polar ice caps, dry riverbeds, and many craters can get as low in temperature as 145 degrees C.
be seen from orbit.

Planet 3 Planet 6
Mass: 1 Gas giant with four large, rocky satellites (moons).
Tectonics: Active volcanoes and seismic activity Moons have no appreciable atmosphere. Ice
detected. detectable on one.
Atmosphere: CO2, H20
Temperature: 30 degrees C
Description: Liquid water oceans cover much of
the surface. Volcanic island chains make up most
of the dry land.
Planet 7 (furthest from star) Gas giant with two large
moons.
Moon 1: Thick methane atmosphere with high enough
pressure to keep a potential methane ocean liquid
underneath. Temperature: -200 degrees C
Moon 2: Covered in water ice. Ice appears cracked and
re-frozen in parts, indicating a potential liquid ocean
underneath. Surface temperature -100 degrees C.
Table 3: Profiles of Planets and Moons of Yanib System. Modified from:
http//www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/lesson5/pdf/5_3_1sas_crashland.pdf

Answer sheet:

A. List of items needed on the trip

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

B. Chosen Planet : _________________________________________________________________

C. Reasons:
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
 What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions correctly.

1. What makes a planet habitable?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.

2. What conditions need to exist in order for life to survive?

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________.

3.______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
 What I can do

Instruction:

a. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________.

b. ______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________________________.

c. ______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________.
Post Assessment
Instruction: Write the letter of the correct answer on the line before the number.

______1. Earth’s surface is composed of ____ water.

a. 99%
b. 50%
c. 30%
d. 70%
______2. Water is a _______ solvent.
a. Cool
b. Superb
c. Hot
d. Poor
______3. Which factor allows the Earth to have comfortable temperature?
a. Atmosphere
b. Water
c. Plate tectonics
d. Energy
______4. Nitrogen is ______ of the Earth’s atmosphere.
a. 78%
b. 1%
c. 0%
d. 21%
______5. It blocks some of the Sun’s dangerous rays from reaching Earth.
a. Energy
b. Atmosphere
c. Water
d. Plate tectonics
______6. It cover the entire earth, plays an important role in geologic happenings.
a. Plate tectonics
b. Atmosphere
c. Water
d. energy
______7. which element plays an important role in geologic happenings?
a. Water
b. Energy
c. Plate tectonics
d. Atmosphere
______8. It is the source of earthquakes and volcanoes.
a. Energy
b. Water
c. Plate tectonics
d. atmosphere
______9. earth’s plate tectonics is constantly moving around.
a. False
b. True
c. Maybe
 d. Somehow
______10. Which of the factor is essential in life?
a. Atmosphere
b. Water
c. All of these choices
d. Plate tectonics

Additional Activities

Instruction: Provide clear instructions for each addidtional activities to be prepared. An activity
in any form that can increase the strength of the response and tends to induce repetitions of
actions/learning.

Activity 1 ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

Activity 2 ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________.

Activity 3

___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.
ANSWER KEY

Pre-assessment
REFERENCES

Earth Science Initial release 2016

www.whats-theword.com

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/Terrestrial_planet_sizes.jpg

www.voyagesthroughtime.org/planetary/sample/lesson5/pdf/5_3_1sas_crashland.pdf

https://earth.usc.edu/~luska/Docs/GEOL115/LECTURES/1-Earth_Origin_structure.pdf