Pages 153-228

DOCTRINE OF ABSORPTION

Treason and Other Crimes

People vs. Labra, G.R. No. L-886, August 10, 1948
Page 153

Rebellion and Other Crimes

People vs. Hernandez, G.R. Nos. L-6025-26, July 18, 1956
Enrile vs. Salazar, G.R. No. 92163, June 5, 1990
People vs. Geronimo, G.R. No. L-8936, October 23, 1956
People vs. Ompad, Jr., G.R. Nos. 93730-31, June 10, 1994
People vs. Lovedioro, G.R. No. 112235, November 29, 1995
People vs. Salongan, G.R. No. 137182, April 24, 2003
People vs. Manglallan, G.R. No. L-38538, April 15, 1988
People vs. Avila, G.R. No. 84612, March 11, 1992
People vs. Dasig, G.R. No. 100231
Pages 153-154

Coup d’etat and Other Crimes

Gonzales vs. Abaya, G.R. No. 164007, August 8, 2006
Page 155

Article 139
Sedition and Other Crimes
People vs Hadji, G.R. No. L-12686, October 24, 1963
People vs Cabrera, G.R. No. 1755, March 4, 1922
People vs Umali, G.R. No. L-5803, November 29, 1954
Page 155

Robbery and Kidnapping

People vs Astor, G.R. Nos. L-71765-66, April 29, 1987
People vs Salvilla, G.R. No. 86163, April 26, 1990
People vs Basao, G.R. No. 189820, October 10, 2012
Page 156
Abduction and Multiple Rapes
1. Principal Objective is to Rape
People vs Mejoraday, G.R. No. 102705, July 30, 1993
People vs Almanzor, G.R. No. 124916, July 11, 2002
People vs Nuguid, G.R. No. 148991, January 21, 2004
Page 156

2. Abduction with Lewd Design

People vs Jose, G.R. No. L-28232, February 6, 1971
People vs Garcia, G.R. No. 141125, February 28, 2002
People vs Amaro, G.R. No. 199100, July 18, 2014
People vs De Lara, G.R. No. 124703, June 27, 2000
Page 157

3. Intent to Deprive Liberty

People vs Anticamaray, G.R. No. 178771, June 8, 2011
People vs Mirandilla, Jr., G.R. No. 186417, July 27, 2011
People vs Larranaga, G.R. Nos. 138874-75
People vs Amaro, G.R. No. 199100, July 18, 2014
Pages 157-158

Aggravating or Qualifying Circumstance

People vs Urbano, G.R. Nos. 26304 and 26305, March 5, 1927
People vs Forneste, G.R. No. L-32860, September 30, 1942
People vs Abedosa, G.R. No. 28600, March 21, 1928
Page 159

Incidental to the Commission of Principal Crime

U.S. vs. Sevilla, 1 Phil 143
People vs Yebra, G.R. No. L-14348, September 30, 1960
Page 160

Offenses Under Special Laws and Doctrine of Absorption

Enrile vs Amin, G.R. No. 93335, September 13, 1990
People vs Rodriguez, G.R. No. L-13981, April 25, 1960
Page 160

Doctrine of Absorption will not apply to:

 1. Sui generis
Baylosis vs Chavez, G.R. No. 95136, October 3, 1991
Gonzales vs Abaya, G.R. No. 164007, August 10, 2006

2. Carnapping
People vs Muit, G.R. No. 181043, October 8, 2008
People vs Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 174658, February 24, 2009
People v Roxas, G.R. No. 172604, August 17, 2010
Page 160-161

Identical Crimes

1. Variance Rule and Double Jeopardy

People vs Manglallan, G.R. No. L-38538, April 15, 1988
People vs Avila, G.R. No. 84612, March 11, 1992
People vs Yuzon, G.R. Nos. L-9462-63, July 11, 1957
People vs Cantos, G.R. No. L-1661, April 28, 1949
People vs Labra, G.R. No. L-886, August 10, 1948
Pages 161-162

2. Splitting the Special Complex Crime or Complex Crime

People vs De Leon, G.R. No.197546, March 23, 2015
People vs Legaspi, G.R. Nos. 92167-68, July 14, 1995
People vs Paramil, G.R. No. 128056, March 31, 2000
People vs Peridas and Dela Cruz, G.R. Nos. 141162-63, July 11, 2002
People vs Umawid, G.R. No. 208719, June 9, 2014
Peole vs Cilot, G.R. No. 208410, October 19, 2016
People vs Laog, G.R. No. 178321, October 5, 2011
Pages 162-163

3. Substitution of Information
Chua-Burce vs CA, G.R. No. 109595, April 27, 2000
People vs Yusay, G.R. No. L-26957, September 2, 1927
U.S. vs Vitog, G.R. No. L-12817, October 25, 1917
Page 163

SPECIAL COMPLEX CRIME, COMPLEX CRIME AND DOCTRINE OF ABSORPTION

Kidnapping and Other Crimes
People vs Mercado, G.R. No. 116239, November 29, 2000
People vs Elizalde, G.R. No. 210434, December 5, 2016
People vs Roxas, G.R. No.172604, August 17, 2010
Page 164

Robbery and Other Crimes

People vs Cariaga, G.R. No. C.A., 54 O.G. 4307
People vs Cagongon, G.R. No. 74 OG 59, No. 1, January 2, 1978
People vs Villanueva, G.R. No. CA-GR No. 2676, May 31, 1939
US vs De Los Santos, G.R. No. 2767, August 30, 1906
People vs Alvarado, G.R. No. L-29230, July 25, 1983
Pages 164-165

Rape and Other Crimes

People vs Acosta, G.R. No. 40903, April 28, 1934
People vs Pabol, G.R. No. 187084, October 12, 2009
People vs Yu, G.R. No.L-13780, January 28, 1961
People vs Apiado, G.R. No. 31075, August 12, 1929
People vs Castromero, G.R. No. 118992, October 9, 1997
People vs Isla, G.R. No. 199875, November 21, 2012
People vs Honra, Jr. G.R. Nos. 136012-16, September 26, 2000
People vs Dawandawan, G.R. No. 87203, April 6, 1990
Pages 165-168

FELONY AND OFFENSE UNDER SPECIAL LAW

People vs Araneta, G.R. No. 24622, January 28, 1926

People vs Alagao, G.R. No.L-20721, April 30, 1966
Page 168

Prosecution for Both Felony and Offense

Nierras vs Dacuycuy, G.R. Nos. 59568-76, January 11, 1990
People vs Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 214500, June 28, 2017
People vs Lalli, G.R. No. 195419, October 12, 2011
People vs Solina, G.R. No. 196784, January 13, 2016
Ramiscal, Jr. vs Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. 169727-28, August 18, 2006
Disini vs Secretary of Justice, G.R. No.203335, February 11, 2014
Pages 169-171

Prosecution for Felony or Offense

People vs Pangilinan, G.R. No. 183090, November 14, 2011
People vs Abay, G.R. No. 177752, February 24, 2009
People vs Dahilig, G.R. No.187083, June 13, 2011
People vs Matias, G.R. No. 186469, June 18, 2012
Alberto vs Hon. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 182130, June 19, 2013
People vs Tubillo, G.R. No. 220718, June 21, 2017
People vs Udang, G.R. No. 210161, January 10, 2018
People vs Jaime, G.R. No. 225332, July 23, 2018
People vs Laguerta, July 9, 2018
Dimakuta vs People, G.R. No. 206513, October 20, 2015
People vs Pusing, G.R. No. 208009, July 11, 2016
De Guzman vs Perez, G.R. No.156013, July 25, 2006
People vs Tulin, G.R. No. 111709, August 30, 2001
Pages 171-173

Prosecution for Felony Alone

People vs Araneta, G.R. No. 24622, January 28, 1926
People vs Gaborne, G.R. No. 210710, July 27, 2016
Page 174

Prosecution for an Offense Under Special Law

People vs Puno, G.R. No. 97471, February 17, 1993
People vs Bustinera, G.R. No. 148233, June 8, 2004
Pages 175-176

Title One: CIRCUMSTANCES AFFECTING CRIMINAL LIABILITY

People vs Victoria, G.R. No. L-369, March 13, 1947

People vs Alvero, G.R. No. L-820, April 11, 1950
Page 177

Article 11: JUSTIFYING CIRCUMSTANCE

SELF-DEFENSE, DEFENSE OF RELATIVE, AND DEFENSE OF STRANGER

Soplente vs People, G.R. No. 152715, July 29, 2005
People vs Roman, G.R. No. 198110, July 31, 2013
Nadyahan vs People, G.R. No. 193134, march 2, 2016
People vs Roxas, G.R. No. 218396, February 10, 2016
Pages 178-179
Kinds of Aggression
People vs Del Castillo, G.R. No. 169084, January 18, 2012
People vs Roman, G.R. No. 198110, July 31, 2013
People vs Malicdem, G.R. No. 184601, November 12, 2012
Nacnac vs People, G.R. No. 191913, March 21, 2012
People vs Fontanilla, G.R. No.177743, January 25, 2012
People vs De Leon, G.R. No. 197546, March 23, 2015
Pages 179-181

Aggression Must Be Unlawful

People vs Goyrama, G.R. Nos. L-39270 and L-39271, October 30, 1934
People vs Oanis and Galanta, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
People vs Araquel, G.R. No. L-12692, December 9, 1959
People vs Abarca, G.R. No. 74433, September 14, 1987
US vs Merced, G.R. No. 14170, November 23, 1918
Pages 181-182

Aggression Must Be Non-mutual

Rugas vs People, G.R. No. 147789, January 14, 2004
People vs Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 128359, December 6, 2000
People vs Rayo, CA, 53 OG 8618
Villanueva vs Chavez, 48 OG 1329
Evangelist vs People, G.R. No. 89319, October 12, 1993
Pages 182-183

Ceased Aggression
Belbis, Jr. vs people, G.R. No. 181052, November 14, 2012
People vs Pagador, G.R. Nos. 140006-10, April 20, 2001
People vs Raban-daban, G.R. No. L-2228, February 28, 1950
People vs Samson, G.R. No. 214883, September 2, 2015
David vs CA, G.R. Nos. 111168-69, June 17, 1998
People vs Babor, G.R. No. 106875, September 24, 1996
Pages 183-184

Defense of Property
People vs Apolinar, CA, 38 OG 2870
People vs Narvaez, G.R. Nos. L-33466-67, April 20, 1983
People vs Bentres, [CA] 49 OG 4919
Pages 184-185

Mistaken Aggression
U.S. vs Esmedia, G.R. No. 5749, October 21, 1910
Olbinar vs Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76235, January 21, 1991
Pepito vs CA, G.R. No. 119942, July 8, 1999
Page 185

Reasonable and Necessary Means

Belbis, Jr. vs People, G.R. No. 181052, November 14, 2012
Espinosa vs People, G.R. No. 181071, March 15, 2010
People vs Sumicad, G.R. No. L-35524, March 18, 1932
Pages 185-186

Lack of Sufficient Provocation

Rimano vs People, G.R. No. 156567, November 27, 2003
Page 186

BATTERED WOMAN SYNDROME

People vs Genosa, G.R. No. 135981, January 15, 2004
Page 187

AVOIDANCE OF GREATER EVIL OR INJURY

People vs Padernal, G.R. No. L-30527, March 29, 1974
Bagajo vs Marave, G.R. No. L-33345, November 20, 1978
People vs Umaguing, G.R. No. L-52797, August 31, 1981
Pages 188-189

PERFORMANCE OF DUTY
People vs Oanis, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
People vs Felipe Delima, G.R. No. L-18660, December 22, 1922
People vs Lagata, G.R. Nos. L-1940-42, March 24, 1949
Valcorza vs People, G.R. No. L-28129, October 31, 1969
Pages 189-190

EXERCISE OF RIGHT
Sycip, Jr. vs CA and People, G.R. No. 125059, March 17, 2000
Page 190

OBEDIENCE TO LAWFUL ORDER

People vs Manayao, G.R. No. L-322, July 28, 1947
People vs Barroga, G.R. No. 31563, January 16, 1930
People vs Margen, G.R. No. L-2681, March 30 1950
People vs Beronilla, G.R. No. L-4445, February 28, 1955
Tabuena vs Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 103507, February 17, 1997
Pages 191-192

Article 12: EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCE

IMBECILITY
People vs Butiong, G.R. No. 168932, October 19, 2011
People vs Nunez, G.R. Nos. 112429-30, July 23, 1997
People vs Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, November 29, 1950
Page 194

INSANITY
People vs Pambid, G.R. No. 124453, March 15, 2000
People vs Tibon, G.R. No.188320, June 29, 2010
People vs Taneo, G.R. No. 37673, March 31, 1933
People vs Odicta, G.R. No. 1749, march 21, 1905
People vs Gimena, G.R. No. 33877, February 6, 1931
People vs Formigones, G.R. No. L-3246, November 29, 1950
People vs Bulagao, G.R. No. 184757, October 5, 2011
People vs Puno, G.R. No. L-33211, June 29, 1981
People vs Alipio, G.R. No. 185285, October 5, 2009
People vs Villa, Jr., G.R. No. 129899, April 27, 2000
People vs Belonio, G.R. No. 148695, May 27, 2004
People vs Antonio, G.R. No. 144266, November 27, 2002
People vs Yam-id, G.R. No. 126116, June 21, 1999
Verdadero vs People, G.R. No. 216021, March 2, 2016
People vs Arevalo, Jr., G.R. Nos. 150542-87, February 3, 2004
People vs Opuran, G.R. Nos. 147674-75, March 17, 2004
People vs Rafanan, Jr., G.R. No. 54135, November 21, 1991
People vs Bonoan, G.R. No. 45130, February 17, 1937
People vs Garchitorena, G.R. No. 175605, August 28, 2009
People vs Medina, G.R. No. 113691, February 6, 1998
People vs Pascual, G.R. No. 95029, March 24, 1993
Pages 195-196

ACCIDENT
People vs Fallorina, G.R. No. 137347, March 4, 2004
US vs Tanedo, G.R. No. L-5418, February 12, 1910
People vs Nocum, G.R. No. L-482, February 25, 1947
People vs Tiongco, CA 63 OG 3610
Pages 197-198

IRRESTIBLE FORCE AND UNCONTROLLABLE FEAR

People vs Dequina, G.R. No. 177570, January 19, 2011
People vs Moreno, G.R. No. L-64, October 28, 1946
Manansala vs People, G.R. No. 215424, December 9, 2015
People vs Ramos, G.R. No. L-32265, May 16, 1983
Pages 199-200

EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCE OF MINORITY

Age of Criminal Liability
People vs Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, March 16, 2011
People vs Doquena, G.R. No. 46539, September 27, 1939
People vs Monticalvo, G.R. No. 193507, January 30, 2013
Page 201

Exemption from Criminal Liability (Minority)

Ortega vs People, G.R. No. 151085, August 20, 2008

1. Burden of Proof
Sierra vs People, G.R. No. 182941, July 3, 2009
People vs Arpon. G.R. No. 183563, December 14, 2011
Jose vs People, G.R. No. 162052, January 13, 2005
Page 204

2. Discernment
People vs Doquena, G.R. No. 46539, September 27, 1939
Jose vs People, G.R. No. 162052, January 13, 2005
People vs Cortezano, G.R. No. 123140, September 23, 2003
People vs Capistrano, G.R. No. L-4549, October 22, 1952
People vs Alcabao, C.A., 4 O.G. 5006
Llave vs People, G.R. No. 116040, April 26, 2006
Pages 204-205

Parental Disobediance
Bagajo vs Marave, G.R. No. L-33345, November 20, 1978
Page 207

Article 13: MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES

Aballe vs People, G.R. No. L-64086, March 15, 1990
People vs Lumandong, G.R. No.132745, March 9, 2000
Page 208

INCOMPLETE JUSTIFICATION OR EXEMPTION

Oanis vs Galanta, G.R. No. 47722, July 27, 1943
Page 209

MINORITY
People vs Abad, G.R. No. L-430, July 30, 1947
Page 210

SENIORITY
People vs Reantillo amnd Ruiz, C.A., G.R. No. 301, July 27, 1938
People vs Reyes, G.R. Nos. 177105-06, August 12, 2010
Page 210

PRAETER INTENTIONEM
People vs Maglian, G.R. No. 189834, March 30, 2011
People vs Sales, G.R. No. 17218, October 3, 2011
People vs Centeno, G.R. No. 33284, April 20, 1989
People vs Flores, G.R. No. 116524, January 18, 1996
Wacoy vs People, G.R. No. 213792, June 22, 2015
Pages 211-212

PROVOCATION
People vs Dolfo, G.R. No. CA 46 O.G. 1621
Page 213

VINDICATION
People vs Dagatan, G.R. No. L-10851, August 28, 1959
People vs Benito, G.R. No. L-32042, February 14, 1975
Page 214

PASSION
People vs Comillo, G.R. No. 186538, November 25, 2009
People vs Sanico, C.A. 46 O.G. 98
People vs Lopez, G.R. No. 132168, October 10, 2000
U.S. vs Taylor, G.R. No. 2309, April 19, 1906
People vs Caliso, G.R. No. 37271, July 1, 1933
U.S. vs Hicks, G.R. No. 4971, September 23, 1909
U.S. vs De La Cruz, G.R. No. 7094, March 29, 1912
People vs Rebucan, G.R. No. 182551, July 27, 2011
Pages 214-215

1. Source of Mitigation
People vs Matbagon, G.R. No. 42165, November 12, 1934
People vs Lab-eo, G.R. No. 133438
U.S. vs Ampar, G.R. No. 12883, November 26, 1917
People vs Rosel, G.R. No. 46095, October 10, 1938
People vs Diokno, G.R. No. L-45100, October 26, 1936
People vs Rabao, G.R. No. 46530, April 10, 1939
U.S. vs Jarrilla, G.R. No. L-389, Novemner 5, 1901
People vs Guillermo, G.R. No. L-18792, February 28, 1964
U.S. vs Cortes, G.R. No. 12564, September 6, 1917
People vs Ruiz, G.R. No. L-33604, October 30, 1979
People vs Valles, G.R. No. 110564, January 28, 1997
David vs Ca, G.R. Nos. 111168-69, June 17, 1998
People vs Palabrica, G.R. No. 129285, May 7, 2001
People vs Sambulan, et. al., G.R. No. 112972, April 24, 1998
People vs Santos, G.R. Nos. 99259-60, March 29, 1996
People vs Adlawan, G.R. No. 131839, January 30, 2002
People vs Castro, G.R. No. L-38989, October 29, 1982
People vs PO3 Feliciano, G.R. Nos. 127759-60, September 24, 2001
People vs Maribung, G.R. No. L-47500, April 29, 1987
People vs Torpio, G.R. No. 138984, Une 4, 2004
Pages 215-217

2. Interval of Time
Pepito vs CA, et. al., G.R. No. 119942, July 8, 1999
People vs Aguinaldo, G.R. No. L-5346, January 30, 1953
People vs Ventura, G.R. Nos. 148145-46, July 5, 2004
People vs Benito, G.R. No. L-32042, February 13, 1975
Page 217

VOLUNTARY SURRENDER
People vs Tabarnero, G.R. No. 168169, February 24, 2010
People vs Agacer, G.R. No. 177751, December 14, 2011
People vs Salle, G.R. No. 181083, January 21, 2010
People vs Del Castillo, G.R. No. 169084, January 18, 2012
People vs Castillano, G.R. No. 139412, April 2, 2003
People vs Verceles, G.R. No. 130650, September 10, 2002
People vs Pagsanjan, G.R. No. 95125, May 12, 1993
People vs Solis, G.R. No. 93629, March 18, 1991
Page 218

VOLUNTARY CONFESSION
People vs Juan, G.R. No.152289, January 14, 2004
People vs Montinola, G.R. Nos. 131856-57, July 9, 2001
Page 219

1. Plea to a Lesser Offense

People vs Yturriaga, G.R. No. L-2816, May 31, 1950
People vs Dawatan, G.R. No. 146247, September 17, 2002
Pages 219-220

2. Confession on Appeal
Peoples vs Oandasan, G.R. No. L-29532, September 28, 1968
Page 220

PHYSICAL DEFECT
People vs Deopante, G.R. No. 102772, October 30, 1996
Page 220

ANALOGOUS OR SIMILAR MITIGATING CURCUMSTANCES

People vs Castro, G.R. No. 31883, December 3, 1929
People vs Pol, G.R. No. 45537, July 30, 1937
People vs Canja, G.R. No. L-2800, May 30, 1950
People vs Salazar, G.R. No. L-11601, June 30, 1959
Page 221

EXTREME POVERTY
People vs Macbul, G.R. No. 48976, October 11, 1943
People vs Tabanao, G.R. No. L-17233, September 29, 1962
People vs Pujinio, G.R. No. L-21690, April 29, 1969
People vs Agustin, G.R. No. L-18368, March 21, 1966
Gallardo vs Tabamo, Adm. Matter No. RTJ-92-881, June 22, 1994
Pages 221-222

Error in Personae is not a mitigating circumstance

People vs Gona, G.R. No.32066, March 15, 1930
Page 222
ANALOGOUS TO MINORITY OR SENIORITY
People vs Abad, G.R. No. L-430, July 30, 1947
People vs Reantillo and Ruiz, C.A., G.R. No. 301, July 27, 1938
Page 222

ANALOGOUS TO VINDICATION
People vs Monaga, G.R. No.L-39528, November 19, 1982
Page 222

ANALOGOUS TO PASSION
People vs Ong, G.R. No. L-34497, January 30, 1975
Mernillo, C.A., 36 O.G. 2283
People vs Quintos, G.R. No. 51107, June 4, 1990
Pages 222-223

ANALOGOUS TO VOLUNTARY SURRENDER

Navarro vs Meneses III, CBD Adm. Case No. 313, January 30, 1998
Perez vs. People, G.R. No.164763, February 12, 2008
Venezuela vs People, G.R. No. 205693, February 14, 2018
People vs Lumauig, G.R. No. 166680, July 7, 2014
Page 223

Not analogous to voluntary surrender:

People vs Semanada, G.R. No. L-11361, May 26, 1958
People vs Rabuya, G.R. No. L-30518, November 7, 1979
People vs Verges, G.R. No. L-36882-84, July 24, 1981
People vs Jabian, G.R. No. 139213-14, April 4, 2001
Page 223

ANALOGOUS TO VOLUNTARY CONFESSION

People vs Navasca, et. al., G.R. No. L028107, March 15, 1977
People vs Gravino, G.R. No. L-31327, May 16, 1983
People vs Tabian, G.R. No. L-30917, February 14, 1983
Pages 223-224

No analogous aggravating and alternative circumstance:

People vs Sitchon, G.R. No. 134362, February 27, 2002
People vs Diu, G.R. No. 201449, April 3, 2013
People vs Sultan, G.R. No. Sultan, G.R. No. 132470, April 27, 2000
People vs Regala, G.R. No. 130508, April 5, 2000, En Banc
People vs Gano, G.R. No. 134373, February 28, 2001, En Banc
People vs Daniela, G.R. No. 139230, April 24, 2003
People vs Larrannaga, G.R. Nos. 138874-75, February 3, 2004
People vs Montanir, G.R. No. 187534, April 4, 2011
Pages 224-225

Article 14: AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES

People vs Simon, G.R. No. 93028, July 29, 1994
Page 225

CONTEMPT OF OR INSULT TO PUBLIC AUTHORITIES

People vs Tiongson, G.R. Nos. L-35123-24, July 25, 1984
People vs Tac-an, G.R. No. 75338, February 26, 1990
Pages 225-226

Place of Commission
1. Building
People vs De Aninias, L-5591, March 28, 1955
U.S. vs Punsalan, G.R. No. 1431, January 27, 1904
U.S. vs Baluyot, G.R. No. 14476, November 6, 1919
Pages 226-227

DISREGARD OF RANK
People vs Puno, G.R. No. L-33211, June 29, 1981
People vs De Taga, G.R. No. 31251, August 6, 1929
People vs Tawat, G.R. No. 62871, May 25, 1984
Pages 227-228

1. Intent to Insult
People vs Talay, G.R. No. L-24952, November 28, 1980
Page 228

2. Direct Assault
People vs Hecto, G.R. No. L-52787, February 28, 1985
People vs Moreno, G.R. Nos. L-37801-05, October 23, 1978
U.S. vs Garcia, G.R. No. 6820, October 16, 1911
People vs Ablao, G.R. No. 69184, March 26, 1990
U.S. vs Cabiling, G.R. No. L-3070, February 11, 1907
Sarcepuedes vs People, G.R. No. L-3857, October 22, 1951
People vs Renegado, G.R. No. L-27031, May 31, 1974