Scribd
Upload
43 views2 pages

Modern Physics: Modern Physics History of Special Relativity History of Quantum Mechanics

Physics became a separate science in the early modern period when experimental and quantitative methods were used to discover natural laws. Major developments included Copernicus' heliocentric model of the solar system, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Galileo's pioneering work in telescopes and astronomy, and Newton's formulation of classical mechanics and universal gravitation. The development of calculus by Newton provided new mathematical tools. Modern physics began in the early 20th century with Planck's work on quantum theory and Einstein's theory of relativity, which corrected classical mechanics. Quantum mechanics replaced classical physics at small scales and led to the development of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Uploaded by

Sjhon Miguel Perolina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views2 pages

Modern Physics: Modern Physics History of Special Relativity History of Quantum Mechanics

Physics became a separate science in the early modern period when experimental and quantitative methods were used to discover natural laws. Major developments included Copernicus' heliocentric model of the solar system, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Galileo's pioneering work in telescopes and astronomy, and Newton's formulation of classical mechanics and universal gravitation. The development of calculus by Newton provided new mathematical tools. Modern physics began in the early 20th century with Planck's work on quantum theory and Einstein's theory of relativity, which corrected classical mechanics. Quantum mechanics replaced classical physics at small scales and led to the development of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Uploaded by

Sjhon Miguel Perolina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used

experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now


considered to be the laws of physics.[25][page  needed]
Major developments in this period include the replacement of
the geocentric model of the Solar System with the heliocentric Copernican
model, the laws governing the motion of planetary bodies determined
by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, pioneering work
on telescopes and observational astronomy by Galileo Galilei in the 16th
and 17th Centuries, and Isaac Newton's discovery and unification of
the laws of motion and universal gravitation that would come to bear his
name.[26] Newton also developed calculus,[d] the mathematical study of
change, which provided new mathematical methods for solving physical
problems.[27]
The discovery of new laws in thermodynamics, chemistry,
and electromagnetics resulted from greater research efforts during
the Industrial Revolution as energy needs increased.[28] The laws
comprising classical physics remain very widely used for objects on
everyday scales travelling at non-relativistic speeds, since they provide a
very close approximation in such situations, and theories such as quantum
mechanics and the theory of relativity simplify to their classical equivalents
at such scales. However, inaccuracies in classical mechanics for very small
objects and very high velocities led to the development of modern physics
in the 20th century.
Modern physics
Main article: Modern physics
See also: History of special relativity and History of quantum mechanics
Max Planck (1858–1947), the originator of the theory of quantum mechanics

Albert Einstein (1879–1955), whose work on the photoelectric effect and the theory of


relativity led to a revolution in 20th century physics
Modern physics began in the early 20th century with the work of Max
Planck in quantum theory and Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. Both of
these theories came about due to inaccuracies in classical mechanics in
certain situations. Classical mechanics predicted a varying speed of light,
which could not be resolved with the constant speed predicted by Maxwell's
equations of electromagnetism; this discrepancy was corrected by
Einstein's theory of special relativity, which replaced classical mechanics
for fast-moving bodies and allowed for a constant speed of light. [29] Black-
body radiation provided another problem for classical physics, which was
corrected when Planck proposed that the excitation of material oscillators is
possible only in discrete steps proportional to their frequency; this, along
with the photoelectric effect and a complete theory predicting
discrete energy levels of electron orbitals, led to the theory of quantum
mechanics taking over from classical physics at very small scales. [30]
Quantum mechanics would come to be pioneered by Werner
Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger and Paul Dirac.[30] From this early work, and
work in related fields, the Standard Model of particle physics was derived.
[31]
 Following the discovery of a particle with properties consistent with
the Higgs boson at CERN in 2012,[32] all fundamental particles predicted by
the standard model, and no others, appear to exist; however, physics
beyond the Standard Model, with theories such as supersymmetry, is an
active area of research.[33] Areas of mathematics in general are important to
this field, such as the study of probabilities and groups.

You might also like