Polytechnic University of the Philippines

College of Communication
Department of Communication Research
NDC Campus Anonas Street Sta. Mesa, Manila

COMMRES GAZETTE
Term Paper
on
NEWSPAPER

Abella, Joemar M.
Capin, Adrian Kurt D.
Padayogdog, Marie Mar T.
Pascua, Eddora Janna P.
Reparip, Lorenz G.
BACR 1-1
abella.joemar1@gmail.com
capin.adriankurt1@gmail.com
padayogdog.mariemar1@gmail.com
pascua.eddorajanna1@gmail.com
reparip.lorenz1@gmail.com

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

COMM 20023 Introduction to Communication and Media
First Semester AY 2019-2020

September 2019
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COMMRES GAZETTE

1.0 Introduction

https://miro.medium.com/max/1200/1*9B7S9mipwLURUX9wdZN7Pw.jpeg

The news is the eye of the society. It serves as the eye of the people to what is happening. Newspaper is commonly
used as a medium to share to the public all the happenings and events in our environment. It is always in mass
production so that many audience is covered. A news states true and legitimate events only; and if not, that is not a
news.

Idealistic and mercenary motives a have contributed to the development of modern newspapers, which continue to
attract millions of regular readers throughout the world despite stern competition form radio, television, and Internet.

2.0 Origin and History of Newspaper

2.1. World

Gazettes and Bulletins

Acta Diurna- Ancient Rome, a government announcement bulletins.

Dibao- China, early government-produced news-sheets. It circulated among court officials during the late Han

dynasty (second and third centuries AD).

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Kaiyuan Za Bao- "Bulletin of the Court" of the Chinese Tang Dynasty (between 713 and 734). It was handwritten

in silk and used to read by government officials. In 1582, there was the first reference to privately published

newssheets in Beijing, during the late Ming Dynasty.

Notizie Scritte- Venice in 1556. These were handwritten newsletters and used to convey political, military, and

economic news quickly and efficiently to Italian cities (1500–1700)—sharing some characteristics of newspapers

though usually not considered true newspapers. However, none of these publications fully met the classical criteria

for proper newspapers, as they were typically not intended for the general public and restricted to a certain range of

topics.

Europe

Johann Gutenberg- invented the first mechanical, movable type printing that allowed the mass production of

printed books. This invention was a simple device, but it launched a revolution marked by repeated advances in

technology and, as a result, a popularization of the ideals of liberty and freedom of information exchange.

Aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien- Johann Carolus in Strasbourg, 1605

- recognized as the first newspaper, Strasbourg was a free imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire of the

German Nation.

Avisa- fist newspaper of modern Germany, published in 1609 in Wolfenbüttel

They distinguished themselves from other printed material by being published on a regular basis. They reported on

a variety of current events to a broad public audience. Within a few decades, newspapers could be found in all the

major cities of Europe, from Venice to London.

Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt- 1618, first to appear in folio- rather than quarto-size.

Amsterdam, a center of world trade, quickly became home to newspapers in many languages, often before they

were published in their own country.

Corrant- the first English-language newspaper, was published in Amsterdam in 1620.

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Corante- weekly news from Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Bohemia, France and the Low Countreys

- was published in England by an "N.B." (generally thought to be either Nathaniel Butter or Nicholas Bourne) and

Thomas Archer.

La Gazette- originally published as Gazette de France

- first newspaper in France, 1631

Di Genova- first newspaper in Italy, in accordance with the oldest issue still preserved, 1639 in Genoa.

Gazeta da Restauração- first newspaper in Portugal, 1641 in Lisbon.

Gaceta de Madrid- first Spanish newspaper, 1661.

Post- och Inrikes Tidningar- founded as Ordinari Post Tijdender, first published in Sweden in 1645, and is the

oldest newspaper still in existence.

Opregte Haarlemsche Courant- Haarlem, first published in 1656, is the oldest paper still printed.

- was forced to merge with the newspaper Haarlems Dagblad in 1942 when Germany occupied the Netherlands.

Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny- Kraków, Poland in 1661.

The Daily Courant-first successful English daily.

Americas

Diario de Pernambuco- November 1825

- second oldest circulating newspaper in South America, after El Peruano, founded in October of that same year.

Halifax Gazette- John Bushell, 1752

- Canada's first newspaper

Quebec Gazette-was first printed 21 June 1764

-remains the oldest continuously published newspaper in North America as the Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph.

In 1808, the Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro had its first edition, printed in devices brought from England, publishing

news favourable for the government of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves since it was

produced by the official press service of the Portuguese crown.

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In 1821, after the ending of the ban of private newspaper circulation, appears the first non-imperial printed

publication, Diário do Rio de Janeiro, though there existed already the Correio Braziliense, published by Hipólito

José da Costa at the same time as the Gazeta, but from London and with forcefully advocated political and critical

ideas, aiming to expose the administration's flaws. The first newspaper in Peru was El Peruano, established in

October 1825 and still published today, but with several name changes.

Asia

During the Tang Dynasty in China (618–906), the Kaiyuan Za Bao published the government news; it was block-

printed onto paper. It is sometimes considered one of the earliest newspapers to be published. The first recorded

attempt to found a newspaper of the modern type in South Asia was by William Bolts, a Dutchman in the employ

of the British East India Company in September 1768 in Calcutta. However, before he could begin his newspaper,

he was deported back to Europe. In 1780 the first newsprint from this region, Hicky's Bengal Gazette, was

published by an Irishman, James Augustus Hicky. He used it as a means to criticize the British rule through

journalism.

2.2. Philippines

Spanish Period

 1637
 Succesos Felices (Fortunate Events)
 A 14-page newsletter in Spanish that is now widely regarded as the first Philippine newsletter.

 Published by Tomas Pinpin - The “Prince of Filipino Printers” or the "Patriarch of Filipino Printing."
 February 27, 1799
 Aviso Al Publico- a hojas volantes or “flying sheets”
 August 8, 1811
 Del Superior Govierno of Gobernador-Heneral Manuel Fernandez de Folgueras- the first newspaper to
come out regularly
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 December 1, 1846
 La Ezperanza (HOPE) of Felipe Lacorte Evarisco Calderon
 the best-edited during the Spanish Period
 1847
 La Estrella
 Lasted until1849
 1848
 Diario de Manila of Felipe del Pan
 Lived the longest among many Philippine dailies established during the Spanish Period.
 Lasted until 1852

American Period

 The first newspaper in the Philippines, during the American times is Manila Times on 1898. And the
original Manila Times is existed only for thirty-two years. Because of a situation that the owner was change
the newspaper title.
 It is a Manila Bulletin the oldest existing in the Philippines because it is from American Period up to
present.
 Thomas Cowan and George Sellner
 1899
 Columnas Volantes and El Defensor de Filipinas of Isabelo delos Reyes
 Published in Barcelona, Espanya (November, 18, 1899)
 Bounding Billow

Japanese Period

 1941-1945
 At this time, only three newspapers existed. These are the Daily Tribune, Manila Bulletin, and Daily Herald

Liberation period

 February 1945
 Newspapers became vibrant
 Yank, Daily Pacifican, The Stars and Stripes
 Shortened edition of Times and Newsweek

 Free Philippines in Leyte

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3.0 Audience

Newspapers remain largely a print medium, but the dramatic growth in digital media in recent years has compelled
newspaper publishers to re-think their distribution models and become multi-platform content providers.
According to the recent study, 81% of monthly newspaper readers engage with the print product, with 51% reading
print exclusively. The remaining 49% reads a newspaper on at least one digital platform, with 30% reading both
digital and print.

Traditionally, newspaper audiences have been more educated, affluent and older than non-newspaper readers. As
digital media have gained in prominence, newspapers have attracted younger readers. Newspaper readers are still
educated and affluent, but their ages are more reflective of the general population than they have been in the past.
For example, 13% of the U.S. population is 70 or older, and this age group now accounts for 15% of the total
monthly newspaper audience.

Compared to previous decades, younger readers now account for a greater percentage of newspaper readers.
Notably, Millennials 21-34 make up 25% of the U.S. population and now represent 24% of the total monthly
newspaper readership. Based on the shift in age of the newspaper reader, it’s clear that the newspaper industry’s
adoption of digital distribution has allowed it to reach adults of all ages.

Despite their growing appeal among younger readers through digital channels, newspapers still maintain an
educated and affluent audience. Readers, whether print or digital, are still more likely to be college graduates and
have annual household incomes over $100,000 than non-readers. And by broadening their distribution to digital
channels, many newspapers have attracted digital readers, who represent an even more affluent and educated
segment of readers.

4.0 Current Developments in Newspaper

4.1.

For the past two hundred years, newspapers were the main way for people to receive their news. Paperboys,

newsstands, subscription-based models, and supermarkets were only some of the many distribution channels that

newspaper companies employed to get their product out to as many people as possible. It is safe to say that mass

media and newspapers have proliferated our world and provided readers a medium to ingest information.

Nowadays, however, nearly all of our news comes from either television news channels or from online sources.
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younger generations such as millennials receive their information from online, television, and social media where

as older age groups tend to stick to other mediums such as television and print.

This suggests that over the next few decades, people will receive more of their information not from individual

companies, but rather from a variety of sources. Previously, readers would pledge their loyalty to either one or a

few media companies — those that meshed with their political views, interests, and localities. Now, instead of

having to choose between different newspapers and TV channels that write their information and publish specific

news stories, users will have more freedom to selectively tune into whatever news articles they feel like reading.

Every time we log into Facebook or complete a Google search, we are the writers of our own newspapers because

we get to pick and choose where our information comes from.

5. Prospects of the Medium

1. Changing Formats- Internet happened. People who used to read newspaper to search some sources now use

Internet for more access.

2. Changing Sources- People now browse and look for everything in Internet and different platforms than to read

newspapers.

3. Changing Demographics- Newspaper readers said that are more intelligent and older than others that is why

young people do not want to read the said medium.

4. Changing Financial Models- Advertisement are seen more in Internet than in newspaper because there are wider

audience in Internet.
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References

a b Stephens, Mitchell. "History of Newspapers". Nyu.edu. Retrieved 21 May 2012.

Ágoston & Masters, p. 433.

"Biblioteca Nacional Digital – Gazeta..., Em Lisboa, 1642–1648". Purl.pt. Retrieved 21 February 2012.

Bird, S. Elizabeth. For Enquiring Minds: A Cultural Study of Supermarket Tabloids. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press,
1992: 12–17.

Camron Michael Amin (2014). "The Press and Public Diplomacy in Iran, 1820–1940". Iranian Studies. 48 (2): 269–287.
doi:10.1080/00210862.2013.871145.

"Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Seventeenth Century". bl.uk.

Concise History of the British Newspaper in the Eighteenth Century[dead link]

David R. Spencer, The Yellow Journalism (2007) p. 22.

E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, p. 952.

"Exclusive: Corrupt system and media". Zee News. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2015.

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88-7750-891-4. OCLC 58604958.

Infelise, Mario. "Roman Avvisi: Information and Politics in the Seventeenth Century." Court and Politics in Papal Rome,
1492–1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 212,214,216–217

Nelson, Heming (11 February 1998). "A HISTORY OF NEWSPAPER: GUTENBERG'S PRESS STARTED A REVOLUTION". The
Washington Post.

"Newspaper – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 21 February 2012.

Norman, Jeremy. "One of the Earliest Newspapers, Written on Silk". historyofinformation.com. Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc.
Retrieved 3 January 2015.

Novo Milênio: MNDLP - Gazeta do Rio de Janeiro, de 1808

Philip B. Meggs, A History of Graphic Design (1998) pp 130–133

Sakr, p. 40.

Stavrianos, p. 211.

Teeter, Dwight L (July 1965). "Benjamin Towne: The Precarious Career of a Persistent Printer". Pennsylvania Magazine of
History and Biography. 89 (3): 316–330. JSTOR 20089817.

Tripp (ed.), p. 2; Amin, Fortna & Frierson, p. 99; Hill, p. 172.

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"WAN – A Newspaper Timeline". Wan and-press.org. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 21 February
2012.

"WAN – Newspapers: 400 Years Young!". Wan-press.org. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010. Retrieved 21
February 2012.

"WAN – Oldest newspapers still in circulation". Wan-press.org. Archived from the original on 7 January 2004. Retrieved 21
February 2012.

Weber, Johannes (2006). "Strassburg, 1605: The Origins of the Newspaper in Europe". German History. 24 (3): 387–412
(387). doi:10.1191/0266355406gh380oa.:

"Weber, Johannes: Straßburg 1605: Die Geburt der Zeitung, in: Jahrbuch für Kommunikationsgeschichte, Vol. 7 (2005), S. 3–
27" (PDF) (in German). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 April 2008.

Wurzbach, C. (1891). Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, enthaltend die Lebensskizzen der denkwürdigen
Personen, welche seit 1750 in den österreichischen Kronländern geboren wurden oder darin gelebt und gewirkt haben,
(162–165); Jim Chevallier, "August Zang and the French Croissant: How Viennoiserie Came to France", p. 3–30;
Diepresse.com Article in "Die Presse" on its founding.

https://study.com/academy/lesson/understanding-current-trends-in-the-newspaper-industry.html

https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2016/newspapers-deliver-across-the-ages/

https://medium.com/mobile-lifestyle/the-design-of-newspapers-why-the-news-industry-is-changing-aa60b55814a8

Annexures

(list down weblinks, videos, and powerpoint/presentation files used during Oral Presentation; send as
attachments)