PRESERVATION OF HUMIDITY EXCESS AREAS IN ORDER

WITH EUROPEAN LAWS. CASE STUDY OF “SATCHINEZ

SWAMPS” NATURAL RESERVATION, TIMIŞ COUNTY

Dr. Biologist Andrei Kiss*, Prof. Dr. Eng. Eugen Teodor Man**, PhD. Stud. Eng.
Rareş Hălbac-Cotoară**, PhD. Stud. Eng. Alina Costescu**, PhD. Stud. Eng. Cristina
Modra**

Abstract
The natural Reservation „Mlaştinile Satchinez” is a integrant component of the Valea Ierului
ecosystem. The evolutionary phases of these place where completed during long periods of time. In the
Down plain of Banat the existence of these wet and semi wet areas, of swamps, typical flora and fauna
have created a fame of these places as exceptional ones with complex biodiversity with rare species and
an uncommonly abundance especially in the case of aquatic birds. The Satchinez-Becicherecu Mic area
was described by the ornithologist Dionisie Linţia (1880-1952) as a “paradise for the birds from Banat”. At
his proposal the swampy terrains located downstream of the Satchinez commune have entered under
protection (Jurn.Cons.Min.No.1166 from 1942). Since there and until today, this area has gone trough a
natural evolutionary process but unfortunately also through a process imposed directly or indirectly by the
human activity. We think that is necessary to remind and analyze in groups the anthropic activities that
have caused and may still cause unwanted effects, damaging at the communities level from the
ecosystem around din Valea Ierului. This succinct inventory shows that biodiversity, the physical
existence of her, from these reserved area is in close connection with the activities and the ways in which
people think and also distinguish the value of this complex ecosystem. Regarding the habitats and
species protection analyze of the anthropogenic factors with bad influences in the „Mlaştinile Satchinez”
Reservation, and in the buffer area comes to sustain the ideas of research, conservation, and exigent,
permanent protection of the wet and swampy ecosystem from Valea Ierului.
The present paper realized by a research group from U.P.T. and The Banat Museum from
Timişoara will present the problems involving the Romanian and European legislation regarding the wet
areas – natural reservation, the actual situation of the Satchinez area, the changes appeared due to the
hydro technical construction and also conclusions and especially proposals for a sustainable development
of this area.

Keywords: biodiversity, legislative framework, sustainable development, protection

1. Introduction and general problems

In Romania, a country that disposes of a natural frame and a brilliant biodiversity,
the economical and social activities many times improperly conducted regarding the
environmental problems, have had a negative impact over the ecosystems. Over the
year 1990, the issue of natural patrimony protection in situ was officially approached.
Knowing the mistakes and abuses in the protected areas that had repercussions
over the biodiversity and attempting to save from irremediable destructions were
concretized through an apparition of a new legislative framework adapted mostly at the
European demanding.
To protect, conserve or rehabilitate the conservation estate perimeters were
created areas with special regime, of administration as natural parks, reservations etc.
A special attention was paid to the wet area from Romania and their specific
biodiversity. From these perimeters with wet excess also takes part the „Mlaştinile
Satchinez” Reservation from Timiş County. This is located in the forth category of the
I.U.C.N., natural reservation of zoological type and that occupies a surface of 101 ha.

* Banatului Museum Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, andraskiss2000@yahoo.co.uk

** University “Politehnica” of Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania
 H.C.J. Timiş from 23.02.1995 enunciated the followings characteristics for this
reservation: ornithological reservation of 236 ha surface, that protects a specific habitat
for the aquatic fauna (ex. small aigrette, egretta garzetta ).
The climatic changes and also the anthropical activities have had an impact in the
last year of the natural reservation evolution. To protect and conserve the biodiversity
works were conducted to maintain the specifically characteristics of these type of
habitat.

Figure 1. Map representing areas with humidity excess

In the year 2000, according to the 5/2000 Law regarding the improvement of the
natural territory, in Romania the total surface of the protected area was spreading over
more than 1, 2 millions hectare (5.18% of the country surface). Studies effectuate
through the CORINE Biotopes program have identified and characterized at national
level a number of 783 habitats of different types. From this 89 are wet areas, 13 are
costal habitats and 54 are swamps one. According to these studies, 47% of the lands
territory represents natural and semi natural ecosystems. Also were identified 44 area of
an aquatic and fauna importance with a total surface of 6.557 km 2, representing 3% from
the Romania’s surface.
According to the O.U.G. 195 from 22 Decembrist 2005 (the last law involving the
environment from Romania and valuable today), the definition of a protected area is:
terrestrial or aquatically area with a perimeter legally established and with a special
regime or protection and conservation, were plant and wild animals exists, elements and
biogeographically, landscape, geological, paleontologist, speleological or any other
nature of formations with an ecological, scientific and cultural values.
 The protected areas, through their natural value and low degree of human
interventions on their territory, are the best examples for the ecological natural and semi
natural systems of exception. Also to accomplish the transition from the actual
development model to a sustainable development model researching, knowing,
experimentation and popularization of the theories for a sustainable development are
required but and education of human communities in order to understand better this
concept. The monitoring and the evaluation of the natural patrimony’s estate and also
the knowledge development may be realized in pilot area such as the protected one,
example being Natural Reservation “Mlaştinile Satchinez”.
The natural resources regenerative (including water and soil) and unregenerate
(ol and carbon), and also the services (climate control, of water and air quality) assured
by the natural component patrimony are few of the key factors of the production
economical system function and support of the socio-economical systems development.
The natural patrimony and his component have a certain productive capacity that must
be known to avoid supra exploitation and a certain capacity of support (essential
parameter to correctly dimension the anthropic pressure and to prevent deterioration).
Conservation of the natural patrimony assumes mainly to maintain an acceptable
rapport between the natural, semi natural and anthrop ecosystems and to keep
heterogeneity in every ecosystems assuring also connectivity between those
ecosystems.
Thereby, the part of the protected areas in the sustainable development can be
expressed by the fact that the protected areas are exponents of the natural and semi
natural ecosystems and can be evaluated and monitories, expressing in a certain way
the ecosystem’s estate at a given moment (natural and semi natural ecosystems
represents the principals components of the natural capital that assures the resources
and the services that are the base of socio-economical development), are areas in
which is developed the knowledge needed to assure the transition to a sustainable
development model and represents true “classes outdoor” where people can be
educated regarding the nature’s role and the necessity of nature conservation and a
sustainable development.
The legislative cadres in the environment protection, of constitution and
conservation of the protected areas were developed especially after 1990, once his
necessity was aware. The Romanian acceding to the international convention regarding
the biodiversity imposed the adoption of laws conforms to international legislation in the
field and in the interest of the integration at the European structures and more.
2. Short historic of the legislation regarding the environment
protection until the year 1990
The judicial rules regarding the nature’s protection may be grouped chronological
in more steps.
The first periods contains The Middle Eve and the modern civilizations century
until 1928. At first the notion of protection wasn’t referring at the conservation of the
natural resources but more to prevent the strangers from exploiting them. There are a
few “monuments” with historical value that needed to be mentioned like The Oak from
Borzeşti or Horia’s Holm
The forest reserves were the first forms of protected areas existent in the
Romanian space. This were places were without the owner’s permission clearing,
mowing, grazing, fishing and hunting were forbidden. The forest reserves were forms of
lordly, clerical or manorial property and were protected by very harsh punishment.
In the XVII century “the wood books” issue and they contain forests conservation
measures and were released by the Lordly Common Room.
Some rules, to avoid the destruction of the growing stock, issue in the first half of
the XIX century, first in Moldavia (1843) and then in the Romanian Country (1847).
The final of the XIX century brings along the founding of the first schools with
woodsy profile and of the dendrological parks around this school units with such an
educational and scientifically role. The Romanian penal code issued in 1864 punished
any attempts of nature destruction (water and fishy poisoning, wood and hale burning).
The law for the rural police from 1868 included insurance that forbid and convict the
nests and eggs destruction of the birds with cinegetical value.
In 1872 is promulgated a law that forbids the hunting of some species for 4
months per year.
Between 1873 and 1918 had function the South Hungarian Society for Nature
Science which, in frame of her activities, proposed Banat discovery under natural
aspect, forward proposes for keeping natural patrimony inside the Natural Science
Museum, keeping secular forest, protection of flora and fauna special (rarely) species,
caves, river arrangement.
The actual notion of biodiversity conservation started to be promoted at the
beginning of the XX century by the botanist D. Grecescu, The balneologist I. Bernath,
the painter N. Grigorescu that proposed the conserve of some landscape anthropical
uninfluenced. Grigore Antipa proposed in 1913 the aigrette protection. Lately, more
species are proposed to be protected and attempts to found small size reservation are
making.
The year 1920 brings along the founding of the first association implicated in
environment protection – “Hanul Drumeţilor” that later will be transformed into “The
society for tourism and nature protection”.
The Commission of the Nature Monuments is created and many aerials are
passed into protection regime between 1920-1918 like: Sărăturile from Turda, The
Rodna Mountains, The Retezat Mountains, The Letea Wood, The Dunes from Agigea,
etc.
The personalities with preoccupations to create a legislative cadre to protect
nature are: Emil Racoviţă, Alexandru Borza, Emil Pop, Victor Stanciu and many others.
The second period starts with the 1928 when the first Romanian naturalist’s
congress is organized in Cluj and lasts until the year 1944. During this congress,
Dionisie Linţia forward some proposes to create a legislative framework and some
proposes regarding bird’s names.
At Emil Racoviţă’s proposal issues in 1930 the 213 Law to protect the nature’s
monuments. The first nature’s monuments are declared by law: the lion’s foot and
thermal water lily.
In 1934 will be birth Banat Association for Nature Protection under management
of the same famous Dionisie Linţia. This association, approved by Nature Monument
Commission, will become a territorial branch of this.
In 1935 the first national park the National Park from Retezat it’s created.
This pioneered period remarked herself through the creation of a legislative and
institutional cadre in an early phase and through the forming of the first protected areas,
of course in a finite number. The efforts taken in the efficient administration of these
areas was one almost inexistent.
The period extends since 1944 until 1989. In these 45 years the nature protection
measures continue through the efforts taken in the second period by Alexandru Borza
and Emil Racoviţă. In the year 1972, 190 of protected objectives existed with a surface
of almost 100.000 ha, the measures resumed only by the declaration of the protected
areas and not to the management.
In 1973 issues the Law (Environmental Law) that included preventions regarding
the reservations protection and the nature’s monuments, but without any management
rules anticipated.
Still in 1979 Retezatul and Pietrosul Rodnei are recognized at international level
as Reservations of the Biosphere under the auspices of the UNESCO program.
3. The legislation regarding the protected areas after 1990. The
effective legislation in the year 2006
After 1990, the Romanian legislative framework became more sensitive to
environment problems. The perspective of political and socio-economical integration
brought a new breath in the problem of natural patrimony protection, through the
international convention clinging and adoption of the rules proposed by those, but also
through implementation of laws created by Romanian specialists in the field, according
to the country situation.
A very important aspect in this domain involves the wet areas. The specific
legislation represents in many cases subchapters of some laws with larger applicability,
but especially rules for national and international wet areas exists.
The wet areas are natural habitats with vital function in the natural net of surface
and underground water. There are very useful in the period with hydrological extremes
storing water in high water chases and releasing her slowly in the period of drought.
They have a special signification biogeographically and ecologically speaking, a large
part of the life forms depending of these aerials. The aquatic plants, the avifauna and
ihtiofauna live together permanently or temporarily in these ecosystems presenting
forms and phases of different evolution between the living and their habitats.
The Ramsar Convention (Iran) from 1971 and adopted by Romania through the
law 5 from 1991 represents the first document that inscribes itself on the national
patrimony conservation line, especially the component represented by the wet areas.
The definition choused after the conference for the wet areas is: “the wet areas are
lengths of moors, swamps, turfs of natural or artificial waters, permanent or temporary,
were the water is stagnant or salty, including the length of marine water whose depth at
reflux doesn’t oversteps 6 m ”.
The declared objective of the convention was to conserve the wet areas, the
fauna and flora that serve as habitat for the aquatic birds, and also are the most
important resources of economical, natural, scientifically and recreational value whose
lost could be irremediable. The choice of these areas is based on the international role
ecologically, botanically, zoologically, limnologically, hydrological speaking taking care of
their importance at a world level for aquatic birds in all seasons. The convention
establishes for the states part the requirement to elaborate and apply the improvement
plans, so they could conserve these areas by creating of reservations and a rational
utilizations of their reserve.
 Until now over 300 wet areas were inscribed on the list of International Union for
Nature Conservation and Natural Resources.
The convention obligates to compensate any lost of resources from the wet areas
by creating new protected aerials.
Through the Law 5/1991 was recognized the interdependence of the human with
the environment. According to this law, the fundamental ecological function of the wet
areas is to balance the water regime, representing habitats of the characteristic flora and
fauna. The economical value of the wet areas was awaken and also the importance of
conservation and protection of their natural resources. The consequence of these law
adoptions was the vast campaign of reviewing of the wet areas being identified on the
Romanian territory 185 holms, 215 eutrophic swamps (including the hornitollogical
Reservation Satchinez), 3450 lakes and over 120.000 km running waters.
In 1993, in Romania is adopting the Law 13 for adherence to Bern convention
regarding the conservation of wild life and naturals habitats in European Union. It was
acknowledge the patrimony value of wild flora and fauna, their importance from
scientific, cultural and economical point of view and the necessity of protecting them for
transmission for the next generation. Also is ladle out in evidence the major role of wild
flora and fauna in the maintenance of the ecological equilibrium and the necessity of
conservation of habitats for their conservation. It was forecast rendering a special
attention for the important areas for the migratory species, situated on the migration
area.
Romania ratifies by Law 58/1994 the Rio Convention from 1992 regarding
biodiversity. Are punctuated a series of principles regarding the environmental protection
international law doing special references of biodiversity. The law recognized the
diminution of biodiversity as a result of human activity as well as the necessity of
prevention and elimination from the primary phases the causes of reducing and their
lost. So is requested the biodiversity will be conserve “in situ”. Also, in 1994, Romania
adheres by The Law 69 to Washington Convention regarding the international
commerce with wild species of vanishing fauna and flora.
In 1995 appear The Environmental Law (The Law 137/1995) which knows ulterior
completion by The Law 159/1999 and O.U. 91/2002.
The Law for Romania adherence to the Convention regarding the conservation of
the migratory species of wilds animals, signet to Bonn in 1979 and ratified in Romania
by The Law 13/1996 presented the causes of disappearance of some wild animals and
imputing some measures for realizing an international cooperation for protecting the
migration areas. The Satchinez reservation made the object of this law for his
characteristics.
One important legislative document for the humid areas, in the context of wilds
habitats, flora and fauna conserving, is represented by O.U.G. 136/2000 ulterior
approved by The Law 462/2001. This order takes in his disposition the prevision of
“Habitat” and “Birds” Directive of European Union, transposing in this way the European
legislation in Romanian legislation. As well is completing and growing the prevision
regarding the environmental protection including disposition for eliminating the causes
who produce deterioration for biological diversity and to natural frame.
The 2nd annex of this order is referring to the habitats type that must be conserved
and also declared special conserving areas. Were included between others habitats
coastwise, marine and dunes, sweet waters habitats, peat and swamps habitats, etc.
 The last apparition in the legislative frame, regarding to environmental protection
is O.U.G. 195/2005 which abrogate The Law 137/1995 with his completion and is
representing in this moment the pylon on which is bracing the activities of protection and
conserving natural patrimony.
4. The negative influence factories determined in The Natural
Reservation “Satchinez swamps”
4.1. Hydro technical works
After installing the Hapsburg administration in Banat were begin a serial of hydro
amelioration works, damps and canalization for obtaining fertile areas in the swamps
habitats. This engineer intervention, beginning with 1717-1756, and continuing with a
remarkable intensity between 1800-1980, were propose especially, the damp and
reducing the running waters areas, the floods annihilation, draining swamps and rusty
areas, the eradication of floods areas with temporary waters, etc. the control and the
rational utilization of waters by taking the areas under the humidity excess, the reducing
of disproportionate riverside, the destruction of some archaically habitats were minted to
give and turn to exploit of areas in agriculture circuit. Parallel with accomplishing this
objectives was accentuated the follows of hydro regime deficiency, was vanish almost
all the places of hatch, of standing places and feeding of some aquatically spices of
birds. Today, the proportion of humidity places types in Banat is: 97.71 % (cca.35.000
ha) waters accumulation, artificially created, 1.71 % (cca.600 ha) stocks and ponds,
some created and arranged by people and 0.58 % swamps (cca.200 ha), natural
bioscience. These radical changes induced in 250 years a decreasing of 75% of aquatic
birds species and will be determinate for a long period of time regarding the biodiversity
of this region.
Although were promises and guaranties by the executants that the natural hydro
regime, in this area of Ierului Valley, will be kept in the conditions before works, in the
period 1957-1974 aperies the first pregnant signs of hydrological deficiency because of
canalization, because it was perturbed the natural process of water alimentation in
excess of the divagation field and the reservation area. After the moved of the principal
collector channel to the left perimeter of enclosure the reservation was attenuated at the
rush area, swamp and it remain isolated, surrounded by foreign byocenoze, in their
majority agrobiocenoze. After a long series of drought years the collimation of swamp
areas was accentuated, parallel with water quality degradation and disappear the waters
eye being invaded by vegetation. After the hydro technical works the unwanted surfaces
with water stagnation were gone and the overflow of Ierului brook ware not repeated.
According to these complex process the intra and inter specifically relations, express by
the tropic chains, were suffered by being suppose to modeling, disparities or adaptation
to the new conditions. In these conditions the aridity degree in all the Ierului Valley is
increasing. The water as equilibrium factor in nature can not temperate the climatic
extremes, can not generate the local rains necessary sources and can not refresh in the
wanted rhythm the water table reserves. Because of the deep drilling, for finding and
bring to surface of oil reserves, artesian waters and thermals springs was seriously
affected and instead of overflow to surface they drained in underground. The drastic
decreasing of underground sweet water reserves is affecting today the good quality
water supply for population. For the remediation of this situation and for the assurance
of the stability of existential conditions of the flora and fauna, especially of aquatic bird
population, which are very dependent of seasonal fluctuation of surface water swamp, in
the project LIFE 99NAT/RO/006394 we propose the permanent of the existing swamps,
and in the areas flooded once, creating of some new swamps, by damping of some
existing channels, using the holography of land, refilling of some intra village land
enclosure, the cleaning by drainage of channel who provides the water supply of
reservation. This proposal were resumed in the project LIFE 02NAT/RO/8573 and
accomplished in part.
It appears that even the time works in the favor of swamp. The mudding of the
hydro technical system build permitted the slow rebuilding of the soil capillarity,
interrupted by the digging the channel on 4 m deep and also the flows stopping.
In the upstream the water table is almost of the surface and favorites an
excessive humidity. The apparition of some aquatic plants in this area may be
considered some positive signed of natural revitalization of the wet ecosystem, which
can be restored integral only by some scientific preoccupation of ecological
reconstruction of entire Ierului Valley, between the Vinga and Biled localities.
4.2. Hunting and fishing
Hunting and fishing were and are present in the quotidian preoccupation of
people by the localities near the reservation. In the hunting groups they are next to the
hunters that arrived from cities. The hunting found included all the areas near to the
reservation, including the tampon areas (which in the present aren’t legislated). The big
number of aquatic birds is a permanent attraction for hunters who often forget the write
laws and also those ethical hunting laws. At the reservation limits may be created
confused situation, hard or impossible to control, speculated by hunters but also by the
poachers. So the hunting is manifested as a permanent risk, whose moment of starting,
duration and effective results are depending by a lot of factors objectives and subjective.
In management of hunting and the hunting founds predominate the traditional factors
and not the ecological. Our propose regarding the creation of some genofounds in the
reservation near areas, for creating the possibility of increasing in natural conditions of
small hunting, is presuppose the total interdiction of hunting the animals and so the
acknowledgment of echo fauna value and guaranteed protection of ecoton areas.
Because of disparities of some large areas with permanent swamp, like was Bara
Mare, down stream of Satchinez, fishing by traditional methods, like the wattle basket,
……(vârşe), plait mesh, improvisator ways of flouting etc. was decreasing in intensity.
Today was reduced to shore fishing, rarely with ……Today’s fisherman who entered in
wet enclosure with vegetation are not longer interested by the eggs or broods aquatic
birds, are not gathering them, are not looking for nests, only occasionally. In ties cases
when industrial fishing does not longer exist, the sportive fishing may be maintained in
supportable limits.
4.3. The hay cropped and pasture
The wet and semi wet ecosystem of Ierului Valley dispose of sufficient places
with grass of good quality. The locals were use to these natural resources, the hays
being parceled by proprieties. The battle taken in order to natural hays to arrive from wet
regime to semi wet was accentuated in the middle of drainage works. We can admit that
the spring excessive humidity is not compromised the hays only if the waters persist. In
this case the hayed and the hay recuperation may become hardly. The haying, the
picking and the carrying is realized in teams of 2-3 people, which hays manually and
load up the hay into a cart pulled by horses. The noise and the imminent moves of these
activities may create a temporary discomfort for some species, but their intensity cannot
live bad consequences.
The haying is developing near by the reservation, but of many times breaking her
limits, temporarily. The caws standing in enclosures with temporary waters, walking
them in wet and semi wet areas, the intensive sheepherding and pasturing is affecting
the peace of reservation especially by crossing the herd, the moving sounds by
shepherd and by the presence of the guarding dogs, which becomes ………..of some
animal species. By these practices some natural pastures areas were destroyed and
was favorite their weeding. It may say that because of the presence of the shepherd
were detente the accidental fires, usually in winter and spring, which sometimes
destroyed some of the dray hay. The diffusion and multiplication of parasites, especially
of ticks, in the encoding of reservation, may be because of the great number of sheep.
In the winter the sheep staying in the reservation area, from some shepherd come by
others regions, is developed with the according of Satchinez commune, witch was
played for this activity. In the latest year appear that this costume was not supported by
the local authorities. The intensity of this activity was not evaluated until the present. Is
impose a detailed analyses for stabilized the ecological advantage and dangerous, also
of optimum proportions.
4.4. The reed and ligneous vegetation gathering
The reed gathering was made manually in late in autumn or winter. This
preoccupation of locals is not practical today. Because the reed, as economical and
ecological element, became in our attention, is favorites the restarting this activity. The
modality, the place and time for reed crop can favorite the creation of some open areas,
necessary for sting and feting the aquatics birds in the area of reservation. The
decreasing of reed areas is an ecological necessity for durable conservation of
reservation, especially of species live conditions from Ardeidae colonies.
The tree cutting is occasionally and the wood obtained is used for fire in the
houses of poor families. Under the pretext of cleaning the channel from Romanian
Waters S.A., were cut a lot of trees and bushes, unilateral actions, which were not
favorite the keeping of this habitat. For keeping this reservation is imposing the
coordination of all the interventions of cutting the ligneous vegetation by that interests
people.
4.5. Agricultural activities and chemically
These activities cause a major impact in the reservation and in the tampon areas.
Modifying the natural aspects of Ierului Valley was owned because of the preoccupation
for increasing the agricultural areas. This reservation is surrounded by agrobiocenoze.
The intensive agricultural practiced here is realized by using the mechanical utilizes and
of some large scale of chemical substances. Because of the plough landing logway the
inclination near the reservation are favorites the slow moving of hummus on the plant
bases, also favorites the drainage of some chemical substances, diluted, in the
reservation water. Booth situation is favorites the soil erosion, the collimation and
eutrophisation of water. Stubble burning, practiced on a large scale in the last period,
may cause the vegetation destruction from reservation.
4.6. The transport and the electric wire
The transportation by civil and agricultural utilizes is deploying permanently in the
reservation perimeter, with a discomfort: phonic pollution, dust, gases, damp abatement
etc. Creating some temporary roads, unarranged agricultural, may possible the entry of
some unnoticed visitor with automobile until the reservation. Generally the people don’t
know, don’t understand and don’t see the point and the necessity of one discrete
behavior in natural habitats frequented by them. So the man presence may be the direct
and indirect causes of some unwanted facts, regarding the habitats and the species.
Along the roads exists a rail road which crossing by north – south the reservation. The
circulation on this section is modest. The backfill for rail make water circulation difficult
between that two parts of reservation, which is assurance between a waste weirs under
the backfill, with a dam. Because of the defective function of this system eutrophisation,
respectively the water invasion by the vegetation palustric is differing between those two
sectors, in the east portions being more accentuated.
The electrical wires, the concrete tower, transformers, and others utilizes are
present in a big number because of the oil extraction. The Canadian pumps, put in
running by the electrical motors are working day and night, creating a specific discomfort
in the tampon areas. Aviary accidents because of the abundance of electrical wire are a
few, but exist.
5. Conclusion
The atrophic influence is permanent in the Reservation “Satchinez swamps”. By
the presence and the height intensity of this impact type the habitat degradation,
decreasing the number of spacing, the tropic base affectation, the tropic chain
deteriorate, the free waters areas disparate, the eotophizarea and the collimation of
swamps areas are happened every day. The stopping or the lent and certain destruction
of durable existence of this reservation required the urgent applied of some
management panes and ecological economy. Because of this we see possible the
salvation and conservation of natural existing resources, of species in their natural
habitats, the promotion the permanent ecological education by population, researching
and permanent monitoring of natural condition and not in the last place the creation of
some solid partnership with local administration and with all that who are interested in
lucrative works from Ierului Valley.
6. Bibliography
KISS,A., 1999, Avifauna from humidity areas from Banat, Ed. Mirton, Timisoara.
KISS,A., 1999, Aquatic birds and wets ecosystems changing from Banat, Natural
Harmony, vol.III, p.375-383, Arad.
KISS,A., 1999, The antropical pressure on aquatic avifauna, Natural Harmony,
vol.III, p.375-383, Arad.
KISS,A., 1999, Ornithological Reservation Satchinez, Ed. Excelsior, Timisoara.
Legislative framework: Law no. 213/1930; Law no. 9/1973; Law no. 5/1991; Law
no. 13/1993; Law no. 58/1994; Law no. 69/1994; Law no. 137/1995; Law no. 159/1995;
The Decision of Timiş County Council from 23.02.1995; Law no. 13/1996; Government
Emergency Ordinance no. 236/2000; Law no.5/2000; Law no. 462/2001; Emergency
Ordinance no. 91/2002; Government Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2005;
*** - LIFE 99NAT/RO/006394;
*** - LIFE 02NAT/RO/8573;
www.pronatura.ro