50. METEOROLOGY

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 1 of 207

 

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE

50.01.01. Composition, extent, vertical division
50.01.01.01. Composition, extent, vertical division
1 How does the height of the tropopause normally vary with latitude in the northern
id 120 hemisphere ?
a It remains constant throughout the year.
b It remains constant from north to south.
c It increases from south to north.
d It decreas
decreases
es from
from south
south to north.

2 What, approximately, is the average height of the tropopause over the equator ?
id 121

a 40 km
b 8 km
km
c 11 km
d 16 km

3 In which layer is most of the atmospheric humidity concentrated ?

id 122

a Tr
Trop
opos
osph
pher
ere.
e.

b Tropopause.
c Stratosphere.
d Stratopause.

4 What is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere called?

id 1157

a Tr
Trop
opop
opau
ause
se..
b Ionosphere.
c Stratosphere.
d  Atmosph
tmosphere.
ere.

5 Which of the following cloud types can project up into the stratosphere?
id 1495

a Cumu
Cumulo
loni
nimb
mbus
us

b Cirrostratus
c  Altocumulu
ltocumuluss
d  Altostratus
ltostratus

6 Which one of the following statements applies to the tropopause?

id 1496

a It is, by definition, a temperature inversion

b It is, by definition, an isothermal layer 
c It indicates a strong temperature lapse rate
d It separates
separates the troposph
troposphere
ere from the
the stratosphere
stratosphere

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7 The thickness of the troposphere varies with

id 2069

a la
lattitude
b longitude
c rotation of the earth
d the wind

8 What is the approximate composition of the dry air by volume in the troposphere ?
id 2088

a 21 % oxygen,
oxygen, 78
78 % nitrogen,
nitrogen, and
and the rest other
other gasses
gasses
b 10 % oxygen, 89 % nitrogen, and the rest other gasses
c 88 % oxygen, 9 % nitrogen, and the rest other gasses
d 50 % oxygen, 40 % nitrogen, and the rest other gasses

9 Which layer of the atmosphere contains more than 90 per cent of all water vapour?
id 2381

a Tr
Trop
opos
osph
pher
ere
e
b Lower stratosphere
c Upper stratosphere
d Ionosphere

10 Going from the equator to the north pole, the altitude of the tropopause
id 2560

a increases and its temperature increases

b decreases
decreases and its
its temperatu
temperature
re increases
increases
c increases and its temperature decreases
d decreases and its temperature decreases

11 The troposphere is the

id 3592

a part of the atmosphere above the stratosphere

b part of the atmosph
atmosphere
ere below
below the tropopau
tropopause
se
c boundary between the mesosphere and thermosphere
d boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere

12 The tropopause is a level at which

id 3593

a vertical currents are strongest

b water vapour content is greatest
c pressure remains constant
d temperature
temperature ceases
ceases to fall with
with increasing
increasing height
height

13 The tropopause is lower 

id 3594

a south of the equator than north of it

b in summer than winter in moderate latitudes
c over the
the North
North Pole
Pole than over the
the equator 
equator 
d over the equator than over the South Pole

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14 The average height of the tropopause at 50°N is about

id 3598

a 14 km
b 8 km
km
c 11 km
d 16 km

15 The height and the temperature of the tropopause are respectively in the order of 
id 3599

a 8 km and -40°C over the equator 

b 16 km and
and -75
-75°C
°C over
over the eequat
quator 
or 
c 8 km and - 75°C over the poles
d 16 km and -40°C over the poles

16 The troposphere
id 4164

a has a greater
greater vertical extent above
above the equator
equator than above
above the poles
poles
b contains all oxygen of the stratosphere
c is the separation layer between the stratosphere and atmosphere
d reaches the same height at all latitudes

17 In the mid-latitudes the stratosphere extends on an average from

id 5556

a 85 to more than 200 km

b 0 to 11 km
c 50 to 85 km
d 11 to 50 km
km

18  A temperature
temperature increase
increase with altitude
altitude throu
through
gh a layer
layer is called:
called:
id 6406

a Heating aloft.
b An in
inve
vers
rsio
ion.
n.
c  An extensi
extension.
on.
d Unstable air.

19 The layer of the Earth´s atmosphere which most concerns aviators is called the:
id 6457

a Stratosphere.
b Tropopause.
c Tr
Trop
opos
osph
pher
ere.
e.
d Equatorial zone.

20 The percentage concentration of gases in the atmosphere is constant from the

id 6462 surface of the earth to a certain altitude with the exception of:
a Oxygen
b Nitrogen
c Hydrogen
d Wate
Waterr vapo
vapour 
ur 

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21 Define the tropopause:

id 6536

a  A relativel
relatively
y thin la
layer,
yer, or b
bounda
oundary
ry zone,
zone, which
which separates
separates the
the low
lower
er atmospher
atmosphere
e from the
the tropo
tropopause
pause
b That area where
where the temperature
temperature change
change does not exceed
exceed two-thirds
two-thirds of one degree
degree
Celsius per thousand foot increase in altitude over a range of 6000 feet.
c That area where the temperature change does not exceed two-thirds of one degree Celsius per
thousand foot increase in altitude independent of latitude.
d  A relativel
relatively
y thic
thick
k layer
layer or boundary
boundary zone
zone below
below the tropos
tropospher
phere.
e.
22 The region of the atmosphere which is normally stable and has few clouds is
id 6559 known as the:
a Tropopause
b Troposphere
c Stra
Strato
tosp
sphe
here
re
d Jetstream

23 The lowest layer in the atmosphere is:

id 6572

a The Stratosphere
b The
The Tr
Trop
opos
osph
pher
ere
e
c The Mesosphere
d The Heavi Side Layer 

24
id 6645 The layer of the atmosphere above the tropopause is known as the:
a Troposphere
b Stra
Strato
tosp
sphe
here
re
c Mesosphere
d

25 What is the primary cause of all changes in the Earth's weather?

id 6648

a Variation of solar
solar energy
energy at the Ea
Earth's
rth's surface
surface
b Changes in air pressure over the Earth's surface
c Movement of air masses from moist areas to dry areas
d

26 What is a characteristic of the troposphere?

id 6655

a It contains all the moisture of the atmosphere

b There is an overall
overall decrease
decrease of temperature
temperature with an increase
increase of altitude
altitude
c The average altitude of the top of the troposphere is about 8 kilometres
d

27 What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?

id 6656

a Maximum
Maximum winds
winds and narrow
narrow wind
wind shear
shear zones
b  Abrupt
brupt temperat
temperature
ure increa
increase
se abo
above
ve the tropo
tropopaus
pause
e
c Thin layers of cirrus clouds at the tropopause level
d

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28 Which feature is associated with the tropopause?

id 6657

a  Absence
bsence of wind
wind and turbul
turbulence
ence
b  Absolute
bsolute upper
upper limit
limit of clo
cloud
ud formatio
formation
n
c Abrupt
Abrupt chan
change
ge of temper
temperature
ature lapse rate
d

29 The boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere is called

id 6679

a Ionosphere
b Trop
Tropop
opau
ause
se
c Stratopause
d  Atmospher
tmosphere
e

30 What is the average temperature of the tropical tropopause?

id 6717

a -75°C
b -65°C
c -56,5°C
d -40°C

31 Which statement is true concerning the tropopause from the equator to the poles?
id 6722

a The tropopause
tropopause decreases
decreases,, the tropopau
tropopause
se temperature
temperature increase
increases
s
b The tropopause decreases, the tropopause temperature decreases
c The tropopause increases, the tropopause temperature increases
d The tropopause increases, the tropopause temperature decreases

32 Which layer of the atmosphere contains more than 90 % of the total amount of
id 6738 water vapour?
a Tr
Trop
opos
osph
pher
ere
e
b Lower stratosphere
c Higher stratosphere
d Ionosphere
33 What can be said about the temperature in the lower stratosphere?
id 6755

a The temperat
temperature
ure is const
constant
ant
b The temperature is increasing
c The temperature is decreasing
d The temperature is first increasing and then decreasing

50.01.02. Temperature
50.01.02.01. Vertical distribution of temperature
34  At a certain
certain position,
position, the temperatur
temperature
e on the 300 hPa chart is -48°C;
-48°C; according
according to
id 138 the tropopause chart, the tropopause is at FL 330. What is the most likely
temperature at FL 350 ?
a -56,5°C.
b -50°C.
c -54°C.
d -58°C.
50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 6 of 207
 

35 What is the most likely temperature at the tropical tropopause?

id 1200

a -55°C.
b -75°C.
c -35°C.
d -25°C.

36 The 0° isotherm is forecast to be at FL 50. At what FL would you expect a

id 1497 temperature of -6° C?
a FL 110
b FL 20
c FL 100
d FL 80
37 In the lower part of the stratosphere the temperature
id 2070

a decreases with altitude

b is almo
almost
st con
consta
stant
nt
c increases with altitude
d increases at first and decreases afterward

38 Which is true of the temperature at the tropopause?

id 4972

a It is higher
higher in polar
polar regions
regions than in
in equatorial
equatorial regions
regions
b It is higher in equatorial regions than in polar regions
c It is highest in middle latitudes
d There is no significant difference with change of latitude

39  As altitude
altitude increases
increases,, the weight
weight of the
the atmosphere
atmosphere above you
you will:
will:
id 6453

a de
dec
crease
b remain the same
c increase
d increase with 1,5 kg/m2 pr 1000 ft.

40  An inversion
inversion is characterized
characterized by:
id 6542

a Constant temperature with increasing altitude

b Parts of the air mass at each level is warmer than surrounding air.
c The tendency to increase relative humidity with increasing altitude.
d Increasing
Increasing temperature
temperature with increasin
increasing
g altit
altitude.
ude.

41 While flying at FL 120, you notice an OAT of -2°C. At which altitude do you expect
id 6716 the freezing level to be?
a FL 110
b FL 130
c FL 150
d FL 90

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50.01.02.02. Transfer of heat:

42 Several physical processes contribute to atmospheric warming. Which of the
id 130 following contribute the most ?
a  Absorp
bsorptio
tion
n and e
evap
vapora
oratio
tion.
n.
b Solar radiation and conduction.
c  Absorpti
bsorption
on and vaporiz
vaporizatio
ation.
n.
d Convecti
Convection
on and conde
condensat
nsation.
ion.

43 Convective activity over land in mid-latitudes is greatest in

id 1160

a winter in the afternoon.

b winter during the night and early morning.
c summer during the night and early morning.
d summer
summer in tthe
he after
afternoo
noon.
n.

44  Advection
dvection is :
id 3614

a the same as convection

b vertical motion of air 
c the same as subsidence
d horizon
horizontal
tal moti
motion
on of a
air 
ir 

id 45
3616 The radiation of the sun heats
a the air in the troposphere only directly if no clouds are present
b the air in the troposphere directly
c the water vapour in the air of the troposphere
d the surface of the earth,
earth, which heats
heats the air in the troposphere
troposphere

46 The majority of troposphere heating is the result of:

id 6454

a Radiation of the sun

b Heating
Heating from
from the
the g
ground
round below
below
c Re-radiation of the sun's rays from the surface of the earth
d Re-radiation from the clouds.

47 Why is a calm and clear-sky night cooler than a cloudy night?

id 6455

a The clouds prevent radiation from the atmosphere

b There is radiation from the clouds
c The radiation
radiation from the earth's
earth's surface
surface slips into space.
space.
d Due to contents of carbon dioxide.

50.01.02.03. Lapse rate, stability and instability

48  A layer
layer is condi
condition
tionally
ally u
unstab
nstable
le if the air 
air 
id 132

a is unstable for saturated air as well as for dry air.

b is stable for saturated air and unstable for dry air.
c becomes stable by lifting it.
d is unstable
unstable for saturated air and stable for
for dry air.

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49  Absolute
bsolute instability
instability exists whenever
whenever the environmen
environmental
tal lapse
lapse rate
id 1161

a exceeds the saturated adiabatic lapse rate.

b exceeds the dry
dry adiabatic
adiabatic lapse rate.
c is less than the saturated adiabatic lapse rate.
d is between the dry and saturated adiabatic lapse rate.

50 In an air mass with no clouds the surface temperature is 15°C and 13°C at 1000m.
id 2067 This layer of air is:
a unstable
b stable
c a layer of heavy turbulence
d conditionally unstable
51  An inversio
inversion
n is a layer
layer of air
air which
which is
id 3602

a absolutely unstable
b absolu
absolutel
tely
y stable
stable
c conditionally unstable
d conditionally stable

52 The environmental lapse rate in an actual atmosphere

id 3603

a has a fixed value of 2°C/1000 FT

b has a fixed value of 1°C/100m
c has a fixed value of 0.65°C/100m
d vari
varies
es wit
with
h time
time

53 The dry adiabatic lapse rate has a value of 

id 3604

a 0.5°C/100m
b 2°C/1000FT
c 0.65°C/100m
d 1°
1°C/
C/10
100m
0m

54 The dry adiabatic lapse rate

id 3605

a has a consta
constant
nt fixed
fixed value
value
b is greater in summer than in winter 
c is greater during the night than during the day
d has a variable value

55  An air mass

mass is called stable when
when
id 3606

a the vertical
vertical motion
motion of rising
rising air tends to become
become weaker
weaker and disappea
disappears
rs
b the temperature in a given air mass decreases rapidly with height
c the pressure in a given area is constant
d the environmental lapse rate is high, with little vertical motion of air currents

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56 In still air the temperature decreases at an average of 1.2°C per 100 m increase in
id 4003 altitude. This temperature change is called:
a saturated adiabatic lapse rate
b environ
environmen
mental
tal llaps
apse
e rate
c dry adiabatic lapse rate
d normal lapse rate

57  A layer
layer can be
id 4041

a unstable for unsaturated air and conditionally unstable

b stable for saturated air and unstable for unsaturated air 
c unstable for unsaturated air and neutral for saturated air 
d stable for unsaturated air and unstable for
for saturated air 

58 When in the upper part of a layer warm air is advected the

id 4046

a stability
stability incre
increases
ases in the
the layer 
layer 
b stability decreases in the layer 
c wind will back with increasing height in the northern hemisphere
d wind speed will always decrease with increasing height in the northern hemisphere

59 From which of the following pieces of information can the stability of the
id 4125 atmosphere be derived?
a Surface temperature
b Environme
Environmental
ntal lapse
lapse rate
c Dry adiabatic lapse rate
d Pressure at the surface

60 The value of the saturated adiabatic lapse rate is closest to that of the dry adiabatic
id 4973 lapse rate in
a cumulus
b freezing fog
c stratus
d cirrus
61 The weather is clear and the temperature decreases uniformly and rapidly as you
id 6408
climb (approaching 3°C per 1000 ft), you have an indication of:
a Stable air.
b Unst
Unstab
able
le air
air..
c Saturation.
d Sublimation.

62  Absolute
bsolute instability
instability in
in a layer
layer of air
air is characteri
characterized
zed by the
the vertical
vertical temperatur
temperature
e
id 6482 gradient in the layer being:
a Greate
Greaterr th
than
an 1
1°/1
°/100
00 m.
m.
b Greater than 0.5°/100 m.
c Less than 0.65°/100 m.
d Less than 0.6°/100 m.

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63 What is meant by "standard lapse rate"?

id 6581

a Temperature increases as height increases

b Temperature
Temperature decrease
decreases
s as height
height increas
increases
es
c Temperature remains constant as height increases
d

64 The lapse rate for a dry parcel of air is:

id 6596

a 3°
3°C/
C/10
1000
00ft
ft
b 1.5°C/1000ft
c 1.98°C/1000ft
d

65  An environme
environmental
ntal lapse
lapse rate iis
s observed
observed to be
be 2.5C/1000ft.
2.5C/1000ft. Which
Which of the following
following
id 6620 is correct?
a A dry parcel
parcel of air
air would be stable if it was
was forced to rise
b  A saturated
saturated parcel
parcel of air would
would be stable
stable if itit was forced
forced to rise
c  A dry parcel
parcel of air would
would be unstabl
unstable
e if it was forced
forced to
to rise
d
66 What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?
id 6675

a A stabl
stable
e la
layer
yer of air 
air 
b  An unstable
unstable layer
layer of
of air 
c  Air mass thunderst
thunderstorms
orms
d Cold front

67 What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or

id 6676 decreases slightly as altitude is increased?
a The air is usntable
b  A temperature
temperature invers
inversion
ion exists
exists
c Th
The
eaair
ir iis
s stab
stable
le
d
68 Which condition is present when a local parcel of air is stable?
id 6677

a The parcel
parcel of
of air res
resist
ists
s convect
convection
ion
b The parcel of air cannot be forced uphill
c  As the parcel
parcel of
of air moves
moves upward
upward,, its tempera
temperature
ture becom
becomes
es warmer
warmer than
than the surroun
surrounding
ding air 
air 
d

69 How can the stability of the atmosphere be determined?

id 6678

a Ambien
Ambientt temp
tempera
erature
ture laps
lapse
e rate
b  Atmospheri
tmospheric
c pressure
pressure at
at various
various levels
levels
c Surface temperature/dewpoint spread.
d

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70 From which of the following pieces of information can stability of the atmosphere
id 6729 be derived?
a Dry adiabatic lapse rate
b Pressure at the surface
c Surface temperature
d Environme
Environmental
ntal lapse
lapse rate

71 State the preference of a layer of air with no clouds, surface temperature 15°C,
id 6754 and 13°C at 1000 metres:
a Stab
Stable
le la
laye
yer r 
b Unstable layer 
c The preference cannot be determined
d None of the above
72 What is the preference of a layer with constant temperature?
id 6855

a Abso
Absolu
lute
tely
ly stab
stable
le
b Unstable
c Relatively stable
d  An exampl
example
e of an
an inversi
inversion
on

50.01.02.04. Development of inversions, inversions

73 Which of the following is a common cause of ground or surface temperature
id 137 inversion ?
a Heating of the air by subsidence
b Warm air being lifted rapidly aloft, in the vicinity of mountainous terrain.
c The movement of colder air under warm air, or the movement of warm air over cold air.
d Terrestrial
Terrestrial radiati
radiation
on on a clear night wi
with
th no or very light winds.
winds.
74 Which of the following is a common result of subsidence ?
id 1162

a Clear air turbulence at higher altitudes .

b CB-clouds and thunderstorms over a large area.
c Wide spread NS and AS clouds and intense precipitation.
d An inversion
inversion over
over a large
large area with
with haze,
haze, mist.

75 What characteristic is associated with a temperature inversion ?

id 2082

a St
Stab
abil
ilit
ity
y
b Instability
c Clear ice
d  Area of acti
active
ve storms
storms

76 What is the technical term for an increase in temperature with altitude?

id 2389

a Subsidence
b In
Inve
vers
rsio
ion
n
c  Adiabatic
diabatic
d  Advect
dvection
ion

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77  An inversion
inversion is a layer
layer of air
air in which
which the
the temperature
temperature
id 3600

a increases with height more than 1°C/100m

b remains constant with height
c increa
increase
ses
s with
with height
height
d decreases with height more than 1°C/100m

78  An isothermal
isothermal layer
layer is a layer of air in
in which
which the temperatu
temperature
re
id 3601

a increases with height at a constant rate

b increases with height
c decreases with height at a constant rate
d remains
remains const
constant
ant with
with heigh
heightt

79  An invers
inversion
ion is
is
id 4002

a an increase
increase of
of temperatu
temperature
re with h
heigh
eightt
b an increase of pressure with height
c a decrease of pressure with height
d a decrease of temperature with height

80  A significant
significant inversion
inversion at low height
height is a characteri
characteristic
stic of 
id 4122

a the passage of cold front

b noctur
nocturnal
nal rad
radiat
iation
ion
c advection fog
d cumulus clouds

81 What is meant by "inversion"?

id 6579

a Temperature
Temperature increa
increases
ses as height
height increases
increases
b Temperature decreases as height increases
c Temperature remains constant as height increases
d

82 What is meant by "isothermal layer"?

id 6580

a Temperature increases as height increases

b Temperature decreases as height increases
c Temperature
Temperature remains
remains consta
constant
nt as height
height increases
increases
d

83 Where is a common location for an inversion?

id 6658

a  At the tropopause

tropopause
b In the
the stra
stratos
tosphe
phere
re
c  At the base
base of cumulus
cumulus clouds
clouds
d

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84  A temperature
temperature increase
increase with
with increasing
increasing altitude
altitude is called
id 6712

a Subsidence
b In
Inve
vers
rsio
ion
n
c  Adiabate
diabate
d  Advect
dvection
ion

85 Continuous freezing rain is observed at an airport. Which would be the most

id 6916 probable vertical temperature lapse rate?
a  A
b B
c C
d D
86 What is the cause for a surface temperature inversion?
id 6934

a The presence of a high pressure area

b The presence of a polar front depression
c Moist, unstable air, and a lifting action
d By heavy radiational
radiational cooling
cooling at night
night of the lowest
lowest layer of air, or if warm
warm air moves in
over a colder surface

50.01.02.05. Temp. near the earth's surface, surface eff.

87 The diurnal variation in temperature is largest when the sky is
id 3617

a clear and winds are strong

b clear
clear an
and
d winds
winds ar
are
e weak
weak
c overcast and winds are weak
d overcast and winds are strong

88  Around Paris on
on January
January 3rd at
at 1800 UTC,
UTC, the surface
surface tempera
temperature,
ture, under
under shelter,
shelter,
id 5548 is 3°C. The sky is covered by 8 oktas of stratus. QNH is 1033 hPa. If the sky is
covered all night, the minimum temperature of the night of January 3rd to January
4th should be
a slightly above +3°C.
b significantly below 0°C.
c sli
sligh
ghtl
tly
y below
below +3°C
+3°C..
d significantly above +3°C.
89 On a clear sky, continental ground surface, wind calm, the minimum temperature
id 5549 is reached approximately
a at the moment the sun rises
b half an hour before sunrise
c half
half an hour
hour aft
after
er sunr
sunrise
ise
d one hour before sunrise

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90 Temperature variation during 24 hours is least over:

id 6467

a S ea.
b Grass.
c Mountain.
d Forest.

91 Over which of the following surface types would you expect the greatest diurnal
id 6577 range of temperature to occur?
a  An extensi
extensive
ve forest
forest area
b A des
deser
ertt a
are
rea
a
c  An ocean
d

50.01.03. Atmospheric pressure

50.01.03.01. Barometric pressure, isobars
92 What positions are connected by isobars on the surface weather chart?
id 1498

a Positions
Positions with
with the same
same air pressure
pressure at a given
given level
level
b Positions with the same temperature at a given level
c Positions with the same wind velocity at a given level

d Positions with the same relative pressure heights

93 The isobars drawn on a surface weather chart represent lines of equal pressure
id 2086

a at a determined density altitude

b at flight level
c at height of observatory
d reduced
reduced to s
sea
ea level
level

94 The station pressure used in surface weather charts is

id 2390

a QNE
b QF
QFE
E
c QNH
d QFF

95 Isobars on a surface chart are lines of equal

id 4170

a QF
QFE
E
b QFF
c QNE
d QNH

96 The pressure system at position "b" is a

id 4989

a ridge of high pressure

b secondary low
c trough of low pressure
d col

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 15 of 207

 

97 The pressure distribution located mainly at point B is a

id 5004

a depression
b col
c trough of low pressure
d ridge
ridge of
of hi
high
gh p
pres
ressur
sure
e

98  At sea level,

level, the pressure
pressure of the atmospher
atmosphere
e on a standard
standard day
day will cause the
the
id 6451 mercury in the column to rise to:
a 92.29 inches
b 19.19 inches
c 29.29 inches
d 29.9
29.92
2 inc
inche
hes
s
99 What is dynamic pressure?
id 6452

a Turbulence.
b Pressur
Pressure
e caused
caused by movem
movement
ent..
c  Accelerati
cceleration
on force.
force.
d Centrifugal force.

10 0 The unit of pressure most commonly used in meteorology is:

id 6458

a kg /cm2.
b lbs/inch2.
c hPa
d tons/m2.

10 1 Lines connecting points of equal pressure are called:

id 6464

a Isogonic lines.
b Is
Isob
obar
ars
s.
c  Agonic.
gonic.
d Barometric.

10 2  A line on a chart
chart joining
joining places
places of
of equal sea level
level pressure
pressure is
is called
called an:
id 6582

a Isogonal
b  Agonic
gonic line
c Isobar 
d Isotherm

10 3 What is the pressure in surface weather charts called?

id 6686

a QF
QFE
E
b QFF
c QNH
d QNE

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 16 of 207

 

10 4 What can be said about isobars?

id 6808

a Isobars
Isobars appear
appear on meteorolog
meteorological
ical su
surface
rface charts
charts
b Isobars are lines of equal temperature
c Certain information can be depicted with the isobars on upper level charts
d Isobars show wind speeds around a jet stream area

50.01.03.02. Pressure variation with height

10 5 In the troposphere the decrease of pressure per 100 m increase in height
id 126

a is greater at higher levels than at lower levels.

b remains constant at all levels.
c is smaller
smaller at higher
higher levels
levels than
than at lower
lower levels.
levels.
d is in the order of 27 hPa near MSL.

10 6 What is the approximate vertical interval which is equal to a pressure change of 1

id 128 hPa at an altitude of 5500 m ?
a 15 m (50
(50 FT
FT).
).
b 8 m (27 FT).
c 32 m (105 FT).
d 64 m (210 FT).

10
id
7
3609
Which of the following is true concerning atmosphe
atmospheric
ric pressure ?
a It is higher in winter than in summer 
b It decrea
decreases
ses with
with heig
height
ht
c It is higher at night than during the day
d It always decreases with height at a rate of 1 hPa per 8m

10 8  An isohypse
isohypse (contour
(contour))
id 5550

a indicates the altitude of the zero degree isotherm

b is the longest slope line of a frontal surface
c is the limit between two air masses of different temperature
d indicates
indicates the ttrue
rue altitude
altitude of a pressure
pressure level
level

10 9 The rate of fall of pressure with height is:

id 6574

a Greater
Greater in cold
cold ai
airr than in
in warm air 
b Greater in warm air than in cold air 
c Inversely proportional to temperature
d

11 0 The average change of pressure with height in the lower atmosphere is:
id 6575

a 1 hPa
hPa/2
/27f
7ftt
b 1 hPa/20ft
c 1 hPa/50ft
d 1 hPa/56 ft

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 17 of 207

 

11 1 The isohypse 2960 m can be expected at the constant pressure chart for the
id 6681 following pressure level:
a 850 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 300 hPa

11 2 The isohypse 1620 m can be expected at the constant pressure chart for the
id 6682 following pressure level:
a 850 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 300 hPa
11 3 The isohypse 11880 m can be expected at the constant pressure chart for the
id 6683 following pressure level:
a 850 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 200 hPa
11 4 The isohypse 5700 m can be expected at the constant pressure chart for the
id 6684 following pressure level:
a 300 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 200 hPa

11 5 The isohypse 8760 m can be expected at the constant pressure chart for the
id 6685 following pressure level:
a 300 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 200 hPa
11 6  At which
which average
average height
height can the 700 hPa pressure
pressure level
level in moderate
moderate latitudes
latitudes be
be
id 6687
expected?
a 3,
3,0
0 km
km AMS
AMSL
L
b 5,5 km AMSL
c 9,0 km AMSL
d 12,0 km AMSL

11 7  At which
which average
average height
height can the 500 hPa pressure
pressure level
level in moderate
moderate latitudes
latitudes be
be
id 6688 expected?
a 3,0 km AMSL
b 5,
5,5
5 km
km AMS
AMSL
L
c 9,0 km AMSL
d 12,0 km AMSL

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 18 of 207

 

11 8  At which
which average
average height
height can the 200 hPa pressure
pressure level
level in moderate
moderate latitudes
latitudes be
be
id 6689 expected?
a 3,0 km AMSL
b 5,5 km AMSL
c 9,0 km AMSL
d 12,0
12,0 km AMSL
AMSL

11 9  At which
which average
average height
height can the 300 hPa pressure
pressure level
level in moderate
moderate latitudes
latitudes be
be
id 6690 expected?
a 1,5 km AMSL
b 3,0 km AMSL
c 9,
9,0
0 km
km AMS
AMSL
L
d 12,0 km AMSL
12 0  At which
which average
average height
height can the 850 hPa pressure
pressure level
level in moderate
moderate latitudes
latitudes be
be
id 6691 expected?
a 1,
1,5
5 km
km AMS
AMSL
L
b 3,0 km AMSL
c 9,0 km AMSL
d 12,0 km AMSL
12 1 What is the value for a pressure change of 1 hPa at an altitude of 5500 m?
id 6699

a approx. 8 m (27ft)
b ap
appro
prox.
x. 1
16
6 m (54
(54 ft)
ft)
c approx. 32 m (105 ft)
d approx. 64 m (210 ft)

50.01.03.03. Reduction of pressure to mean sea level

12 2 In order to calculate QFE from QNH, which of the following must be known ?
id 129

a Elevation and the temperature at the airfield.

b Temperature at the airfield.
c Elevation of the airfield and the temperature at MSL.
d Elevati
Elevation
on of the
the ai
airfi
rfield
eld..

12 3 The QFF at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hPa. The air
id 2395 temperature is 10°C higher than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH?
a Less than 1016 hPa
b 1016 hPa
c More
More than
than 1016
1016 hPa
hPa
d It is not possible to give a definitive answer 

12 4 The QFF at an airfield located 400 metres above sea level is 1016 hPa. The air
id 2396 temperature is 10°C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH?
a It is not possible to give a definitive answer 
b More than 1016 hPa
c 1016 hPa
d Less
Less tthan
han 1016
1016 h
hPa
Pa

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 19 of 207

 

12 5 The QNH at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1009 hPa. The air
id 2397 temperature is 10°C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QFF?
a Less than 1009 hPa
b 1009 hPa
c More
More than
than 1009
1009 hPa
hPa
d It is not possible to give a definitive answer 

12 6 The QNH at an airfield located 200 metres above sea level is 1022 hPa. The air
id 2398 temperature is not available. What is the QFF?
a Less than 1022 hPa
b More than 1022 hPa
c 1022 hPa
d It is not possib
possible
le to give
give a definitiv
definitive
e answer 
answer 
12 7 The QNH at an airfield located 0 metres above sea level is 1022 hPa. The air
id 2399 temperature is not available. What is the QFF?
a It is not possible to give a definitive answer 
b Less than 1022 hPa
c More than 1022 hPa
d 10
1022
22 hPa
12 8 The QNH at an airfield in California located 69 metres below sea level is 1018 hPa.
id 2400 The air temperature is 10°C higher than a standard atmosphere. What is the QFF?
a More
More than
than 1018
1018 hPa
hPa
b Less than 1018 hPa
c 1018 hPa
d It is not possible to give a definitive answer 

12 9 The QFF at an airfield in California located 69 metres below sea level is 1030 hPa.
id 2401 The air temperature is 10°C lower than a standard atmosphere. What is the QNH?
a It is not possible to give a definitive answer 
b Less than 1030 hPa
c 1030 hPa
d More
More than
than 1030
1030 hPa
hPa
13 0 If the QFE at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 980 hPa, what is the
id 2402
approximate QNH ?
a 1015 hPa
b 1000 hPa
c 1005 hPa
d 1010 hPa

13 1 If the QFE at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1000 hPa, what is the
id 2403 approximate QNH?
a 985 hPa
b 10
1025
25 hPa
c 990 hPa
d 1035 hPa

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 20 of 207

 

13 2 If the QNH at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1015 hPa, what is the
id 2404 approximate QFE? (Assume 1hPa = 8m)
a 1005 hPa
b 995 hPa
c 1000 hPa
d 990 hPa

13 3 If the QNH at Locarno (200 metres above sea level) is 1025 hPa, what is the
id 2405 approximate QFE?
a 1005 hPa
b 995 hPa
c 1000 hPa
d 1025 hPa
13 4 QNH is defined as
id 3610

a QFE reduced
reduced to MSL using the values of the standard
standard atmosphere
atmosphere
b pressure at MSL in the standard atmosphere
c pressure at MSL in the actual atmosphere
d QFE reduced to MSL using the values of the actual atmosphere

13 5 In order to reduce QFE to QNH, which of the following item(s) must be known ?
id 4129

a Elevation of the airfield and the temperature at the airfield

b Temperature at the airfield
c Elevation of the airfield and the temperature at MSL
d Elevati
Elevation
on of the
the airfi
airfield
eld

13 6  At an airport
airport (400 m AMSL),
AMSL), a QFF of
of 1016 hPa and
and a temperatu
temperature
re 10°C
10°C high
higher
er
id 6692 than ISA is observed:
a The QNH
QNH is
is higher
higher tthan
han 1016
1016 hPa
hPa
b The QNH is lower than 1016 hPa
c The QNH equals 1016 hPa
d The QNH cannot be determined
13 7  At an airport
airport (400
(400 m AMSL),
AMSL), a QFF of 1016
1016 hPa
hPa and a temperature
temperature 10°C
10°C lower
lower
id 6693
than ISA is observed:
a The QNH is higher than 1016 hPa
b The QNH
QNH is lower
lower than
than 1016
1016 hPa
c The QNH equals 1016 hPa
d The QNH cannot be determined

13 8  At an airpor
airportt (200 m AMSL),
AMSL), a QNH of 1009
1009 hPa and
and a tempera
temperature
ture 10°C
10°C lower
lower
id 6694 than ISA is observed:
a The QFF
QFF is high
higher
er than
than 1016
1016 hPa
hPa
b The QFF is lower than 1016 hPa
c The QFF equals 1009 hPa
d The QFF cannot be determined

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 21 of 207

 

13 9  At an airpor
airportt (200 m AMSL
AMSL),
), a QNH
QNH of 1022
1022 hP
hPa
a is observe
observed
d and the temperatu
temperature
re
id 6695 is unknown:
a The QFF is higher than 1022 hPa
b The QFF is lower than 1022 hPa
c The QFF equals 1022 hPa
d The QFF
QFF cannot
cannot be de
determ
termined
ined

14 0  At an airport
airport (0 m AMSL),
AMSL), a QNH of 1022 hPa is observed
observed and the temperatur
temperature
e is
id 6696 unknown:
a The QFF is higher than 1022 hPa
b The QFF is lower than 1022 hPa
c The QFF equal
equals
s 1022
1022 hPa
hPa
d The QFF cannot be determined
14 1  At an airpor
airportt in Califo
California
rnia (69
(69 m below
below MSL), a QNH of 1018
1018 hPa and a
id 6697 temperature 10°C higher than standard is observed:
a The QFF
QFF is high
higher
er than
than 1018
1018 hPa
hPa
b The QFF is lower than 1018 hPa
c The QFF equals 1018 hPa
d The QFF cannot be determined
14 2  At an airport
airport in
in California
California (69 m below
below MSL), a QFF of 1030
1030 hPa
hPa and a temperature
temperature
id 6698 10°C lower than standard is observed:
a The QNH
QNH is
is higher
higher tthan
han 1030
1030 hPa
hPa
b The QNH is lower than 1030 hPa
c The QNH equals 1030 hPa
d The QNH cannot be determined

14 3 QFE 980 hPa at an altitude of 200 m AMSL: What will the approximate QNH be?
id 6700

a 1000 hPa
b 10
1005
05 hPa
c 1010 hPa
d 1015 hPa

14 4 QFE 1000 hPa at an altitude of 200 m AMSL: What will the approximate QNH be?
id 6701

a 985 hPa
b 990 hPa
c 1025 hPa
d 1035 hPa

14 5 QNH 1015 hPa at an altitude of 200 m AMSL: What will the approximate QFE be?
id 6702

a 990 hPa
b 995 hPa
c 1000 hPa
d 1005 hPa

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 22 of 207

 

14 6 QNH 1025 hPa at an altitude of 200 m AMSL: What will the approximate QFE be?
id 6703

a 995 hPa
b 10
1000
00 hPa
c 1005 hPa
d 1025 hPa

14 7 State the definition for QNH:

id 6724

a QFE reduced
reduced to MSL, using
using standard
standard tempera
temperature
ture gradient
gradient
b QFF reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient
c QFE reduced to MSL, using actual temperature gradient
d QNE reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient

14 8 State the definition for QFF:

id 6725

a QFE reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient

b QNH reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient
c QFE reduced
reduced to MSL, using
using actual
actual temperature
temperature gradien
gradientt
d QNE reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient

14 9 Which value has to be known to calculate the QNH out of the QFE?
id 6726

a Fi
Fiel
eld
d eleva
elevati
tion
on
b  Actual
ctual temperatur
temperature
e
c The relative humidity of the air 
d The density altitude of the field

15 0 Which statement is true?

id 6835

a QNH can be e
equa
quall to Q
QFE
FE
b QNH is always lower than QFE
c QFE is always lower than QNH
d QFE can be equal to QFF only

15 1 State the definition for QNH:

id 6845

a Pressure
Pressure reduced
reduced to sea level, using the standard
standard temp
temperatur
erature
e gradient
gradient
b QFF reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient
c QFE reduced to MSL, using actual temperature gradient
d QNE reduced to MSL, using standard temperature gradient

50.01.04. Atmospheric density

50.01.04.01. Interrelationship of pressure, temp.
15 2  At FL 180,
180, the air temperature
temperature is -35°C.Th
-35°C.The
e air density
density at this level
level is:
id 123

a Greater than
than the density
density of the ISA atmosphere at FL 180.
180.
b Less than the density of the ISA atmosphere at FL 180.
c Equal to the density of the ISA atmosphere at FL 180.
d Unable to be determined without knowing the QNH.

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 23 of 207

 

15 3 Under what condition does pressure altitude have the same value as density
id 125 altitude ?
a When the altimeter has no position error.
b  At sea level
level when tthe
he temperat
temperature
ure is 0°C.
c At stand
standard
ard temp
tempera
eratur
ture.
e.
d When the altimeter setting is 1013,2 hPa.

15 4 Half the mass of the atmosphere is found in the first

id 2068

a 11 km
b 3 km
km
c 8 km
km
d 5 km

15 5 Stratiform clouds indicate stable air. Flight generally will be:

id 6407

a Rough with good visibility.

b Smooth with low
low ceiling
ceiling a
and
nd vis
visibili
ibility.
ty.
c Smooth with good visibility.
d Smooth with moderate turbulence and good visibility.

15 6 In relation to 'air density' which of the following responses are correct:

id 6460

a Cold air is less dense than warm air.

b Dry warm
warm air is less
less dense
dense than
than cold a
air.
ir.
c If the temperature is decreasing the air density will decrease
d  Air density
density is not infl
influenced
uenced of air
air humidity.
humidity.

15 7 Which of the following combinations contain the greatest air density?

id 6543

a High pressure and high temperature.

b High pressure
pressure and
and low temperature
temperature..
c Low pressure and high temperature.
d Low pressure and low temperature.

15 8  Air density
density is mass
mass of air
air per unity
unity of volume,
volume, and
and is influenc
influenced
ed by:
id 6544

a Pressure, latitude and season.

b Pressure, temperature and the amount of water vapour.
c  Altitude
ltitude
d both b) and
and c) a
are
re correc
correct.
t.

15 9 Which statement is true?

id 6637

a  Air density
density generall
generally
y increases
increases as altitude
altitude increases
increases
b  Air density generally
generally stays
stays the same as altitude
altitude increases
increases
c Air density
density generally
generally decreases
decreases as altitud
altitude
e increases
increases
d

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 24 of 207

 

50.01.05. International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)

50.01.05.01. International Standard Atmosphere
16 0 The lowest assumed temperature in the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
id 124 is :
a -44.7°C
b -273°C
c -56.5°C
d -100°C

16 1  A 200 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure altitud
altitude
e level
level can vary
vary in height.
height. In temperate
temperate regions
regions which
which of
id 127 the following average heights is applicable ?
a FL 50.
b FL 300.
c FL 100.
d FL 390.

16 2 The temperature at FL 140 is -12°C. What will the temperature be at FL 110 if the
id 135 ICAO standard lapse rate is applied ?
a -9°C.
b -18°C.
c -6°C.

d -15°C.
16 3  An outside air
air temperature
temperature of -35°C is
is measured while cruising
cruising at FL 200.
200. What is
id 1159 the temperature deviation from the ISA at this level?
a 5°C colder than ISA.
b 10°C warmer than ISA.
c 5°C warmer than ISA.
d 10°C
10°C colde
colderr than
than IISA.
SA.

16 4 How does temperature vary with increasing altitude in the ICAO standard
id 2089 atmosphere below the tropopause?
a  At first it increas
increases
es and hi
higher
gher up it decrease
decreases
s
b Increases
c Decr
Decrea
ease
ses
s
d Remains constant
16 5 What is the vertical temperature lapse rate, up to 11 km, in the standard ICAO
id 2092 atmosphere ?
a 2°C per 1000 m
b 4.5°C per 1000 m
c 3°C per 1000 m
d 6.
6.5°
5°C
C per
per 1000
1000 m

16 6 The temperature at FL 80 is +6°C. What will the temperature be at FL 130 if the

id 2382 ICAO standard lapse rate is applied ?
a +2°C
b -6°C

c 0°C
d -4°C

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 25 of 207

 

16 7 The temperature at FL 110 is -5°C. What will the temperature be at FL 50 if the

id 2383 ICAO standard lapse rate is applied ?
a -3°C
b +3°C
c 0°C
d +7°C

16 8 The temperature at FL 160 is -22°C. What will the temperature be at FL 90 if the

id 2384 ICAO standard lapse rate is applied ?
a -4°C
b -8°C
c 0°C
d +4°C
16 9  A temperature
temperature ofof +15°C is recorded
recorded at
at an altitude
altitude of 500 metres
metres above
above sea level. If
id 2385 the vertical temperature gradient is that of a standard atmosphere, what will the
temperature be at the summit of a mountain, 2500 metres above sea level?
a +4°C
b +2°C
c 0°C
d -2°C
17 0 How would you characterise an air temperature of -15°C at the 700 hPa level over
id 2386 western Europe?
a Within +/-5°C of ISA
b High
c Low
d 20°C below standard
17 1 How would you characterise an air temperature of -30°C at the 300 hPa level over
id 2387 western Europe?
a Very low
b Within +/-5°C of ISA
c Low
d High
17 2
id 2388 How would
western you characterise an air temperature of -55°C at the 200 hPa level over
Europe?
a Within
Within +/-
+/-5°C
5°C of ISA
ISA
b High
c Low
d Very high

17 3  A 300 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level can
can vary
vary in height.
height. In temperate
temperate regions
regions which
which of
of the
id 2391 following average heights is applicable ?
a FL 100
b FL 390
c FL 300
d FL 50

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 26 of 207

 

17 4  A 500 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level can
can vary
vary in height.
height. In temperate
temperate regions
regions which
which of
of the
id 2392 following average heights is applicable ?
a FL 180
b FL 160
c FL 100
d FL 390

17 5  A 700 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level can
can vary
vary in height.
height. In temperate
temperate regions
regions which
which of
of the
id 2393 following average heights is applicable ?
a FL 100
b FL 180
c FL 300
d FL 390
17 6  A 850 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level can
can vary
vary in height.
height. In temperate
temperate regions
regions which
which of
of the
id 2394 following average heights is applicable ?
a FL 300
b FL100
c FL 50
d FL 390
17 7 If you are flying at FL 300 in an air mass that is 15°C warmer than a standard
id 2406 atmosphere, what is the outside temperature likely to be?
a -30°C
b -45°C
c -60°C
d -15°C

17 8 If you are flying at FL 100 in an air mass that is 10°C warmer than a standard
id 2407 atmosphere, what is the outside temperature likely to be?
a +15°C
b +5°C
c -10°C
d -15°C
17 9 If you are flying at FL 120 and the outside temperature is -2°C, at what altitude will
id
2408 the "freezing level" be?
a FL 110
b FL 130
c FL 150
d FL 90

18 0 The temperature at 10000 FT in the International Standard Atmosphere is :

id 3595

a -20°C
b 0°C
c -5°C
d -35°C

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 27 of 207

 

18 1 The rate of decrease of temperature with height per 100 m in the International
id 3596 Standard Atmosphere is :
a 0.65°C
b 1°C
c 0.5°C
d variable

18 2 In the International Standard Atmosphere the decrease in temperature with height

id 3607 below 11 km is
a 1°C per 100m
b 0.
0.65
65°C
°C pe
perr 100
100m
m
c 0.5°C per 100m
d 0.6°C per 100m
18 3 Which statement is correct regarding the International Standard Atmosphere ?
id 3608

a At MSL temperatur
temperature
e is 15°C and pressure
pressure is 1013.25h
1013.25hPa
Pa
b  At MSL temperat
temperature
ure is 15
15°C
°C and the
the decrease
decrease in
in temperatur
temperature
e with height
height iis
s 1°C per 100m
100m
c  At MSL temperat
temperature
ure is 10
10°C
°C and the
the decrease
decrease in
in temperatur
temperature
e with height
height iis
s 1°C per 100m
100m
d  At MSL pressur
pressure
e is 1013.25
1013.25 hPa and
and the decreas
decrease
e of temp
temperatu
erature
re with
with height
height is 1°C per
per 100m

18 4 In what hPa range is an upper weather chart for FL 340 situated?

id 4169

a 300
300 - 20
200
0 hPa
hPa
b 400 - 300 hPa
c 500 - 400 hPa
d 600 - 500 hPa

18 5 The international standard atmosphere (ISA)is defined for mean sea level as :
id 6459

a 1015.25 hPa, 15°C, and a density of 1.225 kg/m3.

b 1015.25 hPa, 15°C, with a lapse rate of 1.98°C per 1000 ft.
c 1013.25 hPa, 15°C, a temperature lapse rate of 1.98°C per 1000 ft. and a humidity of 5%.
d 1013.25 hPa, 15°C,
15°C, a temperature
temperature lapse rate
rate of 1.98°C per
per 1000 ft. and a density
density of 1.225
kg/m3
18 6 The temperature gradient in the international standard atmosphere (ISA) is:
id 6466

a 1°C/100m.
b 0,5°C/100m.
c 0.
0.65
65°C
°C/1
/100
00m
m
d 0.6°C/100m.

18 7 The temperature at sea level in the ISA is:

id 6584

a +12,5°C
b +25°C
c +15°C
d 0°C

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 28 of 207

 

18 8 The pressure at sea level in the ISA is:

id 6595

a 1012.35 hPa
b 1025.13 hPa
c 1013
1013.2
.25
5 hPa
hPa
d 29,95 in Hg

18 9  At an altitude
altitude of 500 m AMSL,
AMSL, a temperatu
temperature
re of +15°C
+15°C is measured
measured.. What will
will the
id 6704 temperature be at an altitude of 2500 m, if you consider the temperature gradient of
the Standard Atmosphere?
a +4°C
b +2°C
c 0°C
d -2°C
19 0 FL 80, an OAT +06°C is measured. What will the temperature be at FL 130, if you
id 6705 consider the temperature gradient of the Standard Atmosphere?
a -4°C
b +2°C
c 0°C
d -6°C

19 1 FL 110, an OAT -05°C is measured. What will the temperature be at FL 50, if you
id 6706 consider the temperature gradient of the Standard Atmosphere?
a -3°C
b +3°C
c 0°C
d +7°C
19 2 FL 140, an OAT -12°C is measured. What will the temperature be at FL 110, if you
id 6707 consider the temperature gradient of the Standard Atmosphere?
a +2°C
b -2°C
c -6°C
d -18°C
19 3
id 6708 FL 160, an
consider theOAT -22°C is measured.
temperature gradient of What will the temperature
the Standard Atmosphere?be at FL 90, if you
a -8°C
b -4°C
c +4°C
d 0°C

19 4  An OAT of
of -15°C
-15°C at the 700 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level:
level:
id 6709

a equals approximately (+/-5°C) ISA

b is high
c is low
d is almost impossible

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 29 of 207

 

19 5  An OAT of
of -30°C
-30°C at the 300 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level:
level:
id 6710

a equals approximately (+/-5°C) ISA

b is high
c is low
d is almost impossible

19 6  An OAT of
of -55°C
-55°C at the 200 hPa
hPa pressure
pressure level:
level:
id 6711

a equals approximate
approximately
ly (+/-5°C
(+/-5°C)) ISA
ISA
b is high
c is low
d is almost impossible

19 7  An aircraft cruises at FL 300 in an

an airmass, which
which is 15°C warmer
warmer than the
id 6713 Standard Atmosphere. The OAT is therefore....
a -60°C
b -30°C
c -45°C
d -15°C
19 8  An aircraft cruises at FL 100 in an
an airmass, which
which is 10°C warmer
warmer than the
id 6714 Standard Atmosphere. The OAT is therefore....
a -10°C
b -15°C
c +5°C
d +15°C

19 9 You cruise at FL 200 and notice an OAT of -35°C. The airmass has therefore an
id 6715 average temperature which is....
a 5°C warmer than ISA
b 20°C colder than ISA
c 10°C
10°C colde
colderr than
than IISA
SA
d 5°C colder than ISA
20 0 What is the ISA temperature at FL 110?
id
6721
a -7°C
b +7°C
c 0°C
d -5°C

20 1 What is the temperature decrease in the ISA?

id 6723

a 0,
0,65
65°C
°C/1
/100
00 m
b 0,65°C/1000 ft
c 2°C/100 m
d 1°C/100 m

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 30 of 207

 

20 2  A temperature
temperature of 10°C above ISA is observe
observed
d at FL 180.
180. What
What is the effective
effective
id 6850 distance between FL 60 and FL 120?
a 6240 ft
b 6000 ft
c 5760 ft
d 3000 ft

50.01.06. Altimetry

50.01.06.01. Pressure altitude,

altitude, density altitude, true alt.
You intend to overfly a mountain range. The recommended minimum flight altitude
20 3
id 715 is, according to the aviation chart, 15000 FT/AMSL. The air mass that you will fly
through is on average 15°C warmer than the standard atmosphere. The altimeter
is set to QNH (1023 hPa). At what altimeter reading will you effectively be at the
recommended minimum flight altitude?
a 15900 FT.
b 13830 FT.
c 14370 FT.
d 1410
14100
0 FT
FT..
20 4 You are flying at FL 130, and your true altitude is 12000 FT. What is the
id 716 temperature deviation from that of the standard atmosphere at FL 130 (QNH
1013,2 hPa) ?
a ISA +12°C
b ISA +/-0°C
c ISA +20°C
d ISA
ISA -2
-20°C
0°C
20 5 The QNH of an airport at sea level is 983 hPa and the temperature deviation from
id 1912 ISA is -15°C below FL 100. What is the true altitude of FL 100?
a 9790 FT.
b 10210 FT.
c 8590 FT.
d 11410 FT.

20 6 You plan a flight over a mountain range at a true altitude of 15000 FT/AMSL. The air
id 1915 is on an average 15°C colder than ISA, the pressure at sea level is 1003 hPa.
What indication must the altimeter (setting 1013.2 hPa) read?
a 15690 FT.
b 1617
16170
0 FT
FT..
c 14370 FT.
d 13830 FT.
20 7 During a flight at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de Mallorca
id 1916 (QNH 1015 hPa), an aircraft remains at a constant true altitude. The reason for this
is that :
a the air at Marseille is colder than that at Palma de Mallorca.
b the altimeters are erroneous, and need to be tested.
c the air at Marseille is warmer than
than that at Palma de Mallorca.
Mallorca.
d one of the two QNH values may be incorrect.

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 31 of 207

 

20 8 Which of the following conditions would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower
id 2242 altitude than that actually flown ?
a Pressure altitude the same as indicated altitude.
b  Atmospheri
tmospheric
c pressure
pressure lower
lower tha
than
n standard
standard
c Air tempera
temperature
ture higher
higher than standard
standard
d  Air temper
temperatur
ature
e lower
lower than
than standard
standard..

20 9  An aircraft
aircraft flying
flying at
at FL 100
100 from Marseille
Marseille (QNH
(QNH 1012
1012 hPa)
hPa) to Palma
Palma de
de Mallorca
Mallorca
id 2409 (QNH 1006 hPa) experiences no change to true altitude. The reason for this is that :
a the altimeters are erroneous, and need to be tested
b the air at Palma de Mallorca is colder than that at Marseille
c the air at Palma de Mallorca
Mallorca is warmer than that at Marseille
Marseille
d one of the two QNH values may be incorrect
21 0 During a flight over the sea at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1012 hPa) to Palma de
id 2410 Mallorca (QNH 1012 hPa), the true altitude is constantly increasing. What action, if
any, should be taken ?
a None, the reason
reason for the change
change is that
that the air around
around Palma is warmer
warmer than the ai
airr around
Marseille
b Have your altimeter checked, because its readings are obviously wrong
c Recheck the QNH because one of the QNH values must be wrong
d Compensate by heading further to the left

21 1 During a flight over the sea at FL 100 from Marseille (QNH 1016 hPa) to Palma de
id 2411 Mallorca (QNH 1016 hPa), the true altitude is constantly decreasing. What is the
probable reason for this ?
a One of the QNH values must be wrong
b The air at Marseille is warmer than that at Palma de Mallorca
Mallorca
c The altimeter is faulty
d The aircraft is being blown off track to the left
21 2 During a flight over the sea at FL 135, the true altitude is 13500 feet; local QNH is
id 2412 1019 hPa. What information, if any, can be gained about the air mass in which the
aircraft is flying?
a Its average temperature is the same as ISA
b It is
is colde
colderr th
than
an IISA
SA

c It is warmer than ISA

d There is insufficient information to make any assumption
21 3  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying over
over the sea at FL 90; the
the true altitude
altitude is 9100
9100 feet; local
local QNH
QNH is
id 2413 unknown. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in which the
aircraft is flying ?
a It is colder than ISA
b There is insufficient
insufficient information
information to make any assumption
c It is warmer than ISA
d Its average temperature is the same as ISA

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 32 of 207

 

21 4  An aircraft
aircraft is flying over the
the sea at FL 120,
120, wi
with
th a true
true altitude
altitude of
of 12000
12000 feet; local
id 2414 QNH is 1013 hPa. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in
which the aircraft is flying ?
a It is warmer than ISA
b It is colder than ISA
c Its average
average temperat
temperature
ure is the same
same as ISA
d There is insufficient information to come to any conclusion
21 5  An aircraft
aircraft is flying over the
the sea at FL 100,
100, wi
with
th a true
true altitude
altitude of
of 10000
10000 feet; local
id
2415 QNH is 1003 hPa. What assumption, if any, can be made about the air mass in
which the aircraft is flying ?
a There is insufficient information to come to any conclusion
b Its average temperature is about ISA
c It is colder than ISA
d It is
is wa
warme
rmerr than
than ISA
ISA
21 6  An aircraft
aircraft is
is flying
flying through
through th
the
e Alps on a very
very cold
cold winter's
winter's day.
day. The regional
regional QNH
QNH
id 2416 is 1013 hPa. During the flight, you circle around a mountain at an altitude of its
summit. What reading will the aneroid altimeter give, compared to the elevation of
the summit?
a The same altitude as the elevation of the summit
b  A lower altit
altitude
ude than
than the elevati
elevation
on of the summi
summitt
c A higher
higher altitude
altitude than
than the elevatio
elevation
n of the summit
d There is insufficient information to come to a conclusion
21 7  An aircraft
aircraft is flying through the
the Alps on a warm summer's
summer's day.
day. The weather
weather is fine,
fine,
id 2417 and there is a high pressure system in the area. During the flight, a mountain is
passed at an altitude of its summit. What reading will the aneroid altimeter give,
compared to the summit's elevation?
a There is insufficient information to come to a conclusion
b  A higher
higher altitude
altitude than
than the elevati
elevation
on of the summit
summit
c The same altitude as the elevation of the summit
d A lower altitude than the elevation
elevation of the summit
21 8  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying from
from Point
Point A to Point
Point B on the u
upper
pper level
level contour
contour chart.
chart. The
id 2421 altimeter setting is 1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct?
a The true
true altitude
altitude w
will
ill be highe
higherr at A than
than at B
b The true altitude will be higher at B than at A
c Wind speed at A is higher than at B
d Wind speed at Paris is higher than at B

21 9  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying from
from Point
Point A to Point
Point B on the u
upper
pper level
level contour
contour chart.
chart. The
id 2422 altimeter setting is 1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct?
a Wind speed at A and at B is the same
b The true altitude will be higher at B than at A
c Wind speed at A is higher than at B
d The true
true altitude
altitude will
will be higher
higher at A than at B

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 33 of 207

 

22 0  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying from
from Point
Point A to Point
Point B on the u
upper
pper level
level contour
contour chart.
chart. The
id 2423 altimeter setting is 1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct?
a The true
true altitude
altitude w
will
ill be highe
higherr at B than
than at A
b The true altitude will be higher at A than at B
c Wind speed at Madrid is higher than at A
d Wind speed at B is higher than at A

22 1  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying from
from Point
Point A to Point
Point B on the u
upper
pper level
level contour
contour chart.
chart. The
id 2424 altimeter setting is 1013,2 hPa. Which of these statements is correct?
a The true altitude will be higher at A than at B
b The true
true altitude
altitude will
will be higher
higher at B than at A
c Wind speed at A and at B is the same
d Wind speed at B is higher than at A
22 2 You are flying at FL 200. Outside air temperature is -40°C, and the pressure at sea
id 2425 level is 1033 hPa. What is the true altitude?
a 20660 feet
b 1934
19340
0 fe
feet
et
c 21740 feet
d 18260 feet
22 3 You are flying at FL 160. Outside air temperature is -27°C, and the pressure at sea
id 2426 level is 1003 hPa. What is the true altitude?
a 15630 feet
b 1509
15090
0 fe
feet
et
c 16370 feet
d 16910 feet

22 4 You are planning to fly across a mountain range. The chart recommends a
id 2427 minimum altitude of 12000 feet above mean sea level. The air mass you will be
flying through is an average 10°C warmer than ISA. Your altimeter is set to 1023
hPa (QNH of a nearby airport at nearly sea level). What altitude will the altimeter
show when you have reached the recommended minimum altitude?
a 12210 feet
b 1152
11520
0 fe
feet
et
c 11250 feet
d 11790 feet
22 5 The following temperatures have been observed over a station at 1200 UTC.
id 3994  Assume the station
station is at
at MSL. Height
Height in
in feet. Temperat
Temperature
ure in degree
degrees
s C. 200
20000.-12
00.-12
18000.-11 16000.-10 14000.-10 12000.-6 10000.-2 8000. +2 6000. +6 4000. +12
2000. +15 surface+15.
a The layer between 16000 and 18000 FT is absolutely unstable
b The height of the freezing level over the station is approximately 12000 FT.
c The temperature at 10000 FT is in agreement with the temperature in the International Standard
 Atmosph
tmosphere.
ere.
d Assuming that
that the MSL pressure
pressure is 1013.25 hhPa
Pa the true altitude
altitude of an aircraft
aircraft would
actually be higher than the indicated altitude.

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 34 of 207

 

22 6  Assume that an aircraft

aircraft is flying in
in the northern
northern hemisph
hemisphere
ere at the 500 hPa
id 4131 pressure surface on a heading of 270 degrees. Which of the following statements
is correct?
a If in this pressure surface the wind comes from the direction 180 degrees, then true altitude is
increasing
b If in this pressure surface
surface the win
wind
d comes from the direction
direction 360 degrees,
degrees, then true altitude
altitude
is increasing
c If in this pressure surface the wind comes from the direction 270 degrees, then true altitude is
increasing
d If in this pressure surface the wind comes from the direction 090 degrees, then true altitude is
increasing
22 7  An aircraft is
is flying at FL 180 on the northern hemisphere
hemisphere with a crosswind
crosswind from
id 4134 the left. Which of the following is correct concerning its true altitude ?
a It remains constant
b It increases
c It de
decr
crea
ease
ses
s
d Without knowing temperatures at FL 180 this question can not be answered.

22 8 The pressure altitude is equal to the true altitude if 

id 4162

a the outside air temperature is standard for that height

b standard
standard atmospher
atmospheric
ic conditio
conditions
ns oc
occur 
cur 

c the air pressure is 1013.25 hPa at the surface

d the indicated altitude is equal to the pressure altitude

22 9 The altimeter is connected to:

id 6456

a The pitot tube.

b The dynamic system.
c The static
static sy
syste
stem.
m.
d The elevator.

23 0 In spite of a constant altimeter reading your aircraft is loosing altitude. This could
id 6461 be caused by:
a Flying towards high pressure.
b Flying
Flying toward
towards
s low pres
pressure
sure..
c The standard air pressure has fallen.
d Increased temperature.
23 1  An aircraft,
aircraft, flying
flying so that
that the altimete
altimeterr indicates
indicates 2500ft
2500ft with
with the current
current regional
regional
id 6583 QNH set in the subscale, is flying towards an area of lower pressure. If the pilot
fails to revise the subscale setting as the QNH changes, then the aircraft will:
a Gradually climb
b Gradua
Gradually
lly descen
descend
d
c Maintain 2500ft AMSL
d no assumption is possible

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 35 of 207

 

23 2 What condition would cause that your altimeter is indicating lower than actually
id 6757 flown?
a Tempera
Temperatur
ture
e high
higher
er than stand
standard
ard
b Temperature lower than standard
c Standard temperature
d Pressure lower than standard

23 3 You fly over the sea at FL 90, TA 9100ft, QNH unknown. What can be assumpted ?
id 6759

a No assumption
assumption is possible,
possible, because
because the information
information is not sufficien
sufficientt
b It is warmer than ISA
c It is colder than ISA
d The QNH is lower than 1013 hPa

23 4 Your altimeter is blocked at 1000 hPa. You have to overfly a mountain (8000 ft) with
id 6766 a terrain clearance of at least 1500 ft. What will be your indicated altitude when the
QNH of a nearby airport is 990 hPa and the temperature is 10C colder than ISA?
a 10150 ft
ft
b 10501 ft
c 8850 ft
d 9500 ft
23 5 You are flying at FL 100 in an airmass which is 15°C colder than ISA, local QNH
id 6780 983. True altitude?
a 8590 ft
b 11'410 ft
c 10'000 ft
d 10'210 ft
23 6 Refer to the upper level chart: Flight path A - B, altimeter setting 1013,2 hPa:
id 6840

a Your true altitude is higher in B than in A

b Your true
true altitude
altitude is higher
higher in A than in
in B
c The wind speed is higher in A than in B
d The wind speed in A and in B is the same

23
id
7
6841 Refer
hPa: to the upper level contour chart: Flight path A - B, altimeter setting 1013,2
a Your true
true altitude
altitude is higher
higher in B than in
in A
b Your true altitude is higher in A than in B
c The wind speed is higher in B than in A
d The wind speed in A and in B is the same

23 8 Refer to the constant pressure chart: Flight path A - B, altimeter setting 1013,2 hPa:
id 6842

a Your true
true altitude
altitude is higher
higher in B than in
in A
b Your true altitude is higher in A than in B
c The wind speed is higher in B than in A
d The wind speed in A and in B is the same

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 36 of 207

 

23 9 While mountain flying on a cold winter day, under fair weather conditions (QNH
id 6887 1013 hPa), you circle a mountain of known height at peak elevation. Comparing to
the elevation of the mountain, the aneroid altimeter of your aircraft will therefore
indicate.....
a a high
higher
er alt
altit
itud
ude
e
b a lower altitude
c peak elevation
d cannot be determined

24 0 While mountain flying on a warm summer day under high pressure conditions, you
id 6888 circle a mountain of known height at peak elevation. Comparing to the indication of
your altimeter, the peak elevation will therefore be....
a higher  
b lower 
c equal
d can not be determined
24 1 You are cruising at FL 200, OAT -40°C, sea level pressure 1033 hPa. Calculate the
id 6891 true altitude:
a 20660 ft
b 21740 ft
c 18260 ft

d 19340 ft
24 2 You intend to overfly a mountain ridge at an altitude of 15000 ft AMSL. The average
id 6892 air temperature is 15°C lower than ISA, the sea level pressure 1003 hPa. Which
altimeter indication (standard setting) is needed?
a 15630 ft
b 14370 ft
c 13830 ft
d 16170 ft
24 3 You intend to overfly a mountain ridge. The recommended minimum altitude for
id 6893 overflight according to your ICAO chart is 12000 ft AMSL. The average air
temperature is 10°C higher than ISA, your altimeter is set to the local QNH of 1023
hPa. Which altimeter indication is needed to maintain the recommended minimum
altitude?
a 11250 ft
b 12210 ft
c 11520 ft
ft
d 11790 ft
24 4 You have landed at an airport, local QNH 993 hPa. After landing, you notice, that
id 6894 your altimeter subscale is still set to 1013,2 hPa. Your altimeter indicates 1200 ft.
What is the airport elevation?
a 660
660 fftt AMS
AMSL
L
b 1740 ft AMSL
c 2280 ft AMSL
d 1200 ft AMSL

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 37 of 207

 

24 5 You are cruising at FL 160 at an OAT of -27°C. The sea level pressure is 1003
id 6895 hPa. Your true altitude therefore is...
a 15630 ft
b 16370 ft
c 16910 ft
d 15090 ft

24 6 When the altimeter indicated 0 (zero) ft when the aircraft was parked for the night,
id 6944 and 1000 ft the following morning, this shows that:
a the barometri
barometric
c pressure
pressure has decreas
decreased
ed by appro
approx.
x. 37 hPa
b the barometric pressure is constant, but the temperature has fallen during the night
c a formation of fog has most probably taken place
d the barometric pressure has increased by approx. 37 hPa

50.01.06.03. altimeter settings

24 7  After landing
landing at an aerodrome
aerodrome (aerodro
(aerodrome
me elevatio
elevation
n 1715 FT), the altimeter
altimeter
id 714 indicates an altitude of 1310 FT. The altimeter is set to the pressure value of 1013
hPa. What is the QNH at this aerodrome?
a 1015 hPa.
b 10
1028
28 hPa.
hPa.
c 1013 hPa.

d 998 hPa.
24 8 What is the relationship, if any, between QFE and QNH at an airport situated 50 FT
id 1914 below sea level?
a No clear relationship exists.
b QFE is smaller than QNH.
c QFE equals QNH.
d QFE is
is greate
greaterr than
than QNH.
QNH.
24 9  An aircraft
aircraft lands
lands at
at an airport
airport (airport
(airport elevatio
elevation
n 1240 FT, QNH 1008 hPa). The
The
id 1917 altimeter is set to 1013 hPa. The altimeter will indicate :
a 1200 FT.
b 1375 FT
FT.
c 1105 FT.

d 1280 FT.
25 0 What pressure is defined as QFE?
id 2083

a The pressure reduced to sea level using actual temperatures

b The pressure of the altimeter 
c The press
pressure
ure at field
field eleva
elevatio
tion
n
d The pressure reduced to sea level using ISA temperatures

25 1  An aircraft
aircraft is descending
descending to land
land under
under IFR. If the local
local QNH is 1009
1009 hPa, what willwill
id 2418 happen to the altitude reading when the altimeter is reset at the transition level ?
a It will increase
b It will
will decr
decreas
ease
e
c It will remain the same
d It will not be affected

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 38 of 207

 

25 2 During the climb after takeoff, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition
id 2419 altitude. If the local QNH is 1023 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter reading
during the resetting procedure ?
a It is not possible to give a definitive answer 
b It will increase
c It will remain the same
d It will
will decr
decreas
ease
e
25 3 During the climb after takeoff, the altimeter setting is adjusted at the transition
id 2420 altitude. If the local QNH is 966 hPa, what will happen to the altimeter reading
during the resetting procedure?
a It will decrease
b It will
will iincr
ncreas
ease
e
c It will remain the same
d It is not possible to give a definitive answer 
25 4  An aircraft
aircraft lands
lands at an airport
airport (airpor
(airportt elevation
elevation 540
540 FT, QNH
QNH 993
993 hPa) with the
the
id 2428 altimeter set to 1013 hPa. What will it indicate ?
a 1080 FT
b 700 FT
c 380 FT
d 0 FT
FT

25 5  After landing
landing at an aerodrom
aerodrome e (QNH 993 hPa)
hPa) it is noticed that the altimeter
altimeter is still
still
id 2429 set to 1013,2 hPa and that it reads 1200 feet. What is the elevation of the
aerodrome above mean sea level ?
a 66
660
0 fe
feet.
b 1200 feet.
c 1740 feet.
d 2280 feet.
25 6  An altimeter
altimeter adjuste
adjusted
d to 101
10133 hPa indicate
indicates
s an altitude
altitude of
of 3600 FT. Should
Should this
id 2547 altimeter be adjusted to the local QNH value of 991 hPa, the altitude indicated
would be
a 2922 FT.
b 3006 FT
FT.

c 4278 FT.
d 4194 FT.
25 7 In Geneva, the local QNH is 994 hPa. The elevation of Geneva is 1411 FT. The
id 2548 QFE adjustment in Geneva is
a 942 hPa.
b 967 hPa.
c 961 hPa.
d 948 hPa.
25 8  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying at
at FL 80. The local
local QNH is 1000
1000 hPa. After
After the second altimeter
altimeter
id 2549 has been adjusted to the local QNH, the reading will be approximately
a 7650 FT.
b 8600 FT.
c 8350 FT.
d 8000 FT.

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 39 of 207

 

25 9 The barometric compensator of an altimeter is locked on reference 1013.2 hPa.

id 2550 The aircraft has to land on a point with an elevation of 290 feet where the QNH is
1023 hPa. Assuming that 1 hPa corresponds to 27 FT, the reading on the altimeter
on the ground will be:
a 20 FT.
b 11 FT.
c -10 FT.
d 560 FT.

26 0 Which of the following statements is true ?

id 3611

a QNH is always higher than QFE

b QNH is always lower than QFE
c QNH can be e
equa
quall to Q
QFE
FE
d QNH is always equal to QFE

26 1 Which statement is true ?

id 3612

a QNH can be 1013.25 only for a station at MSL

b QNH can not be 1013.25 hPa
c QNH is lower than 1013.25 hPa at any time
d QNH can be
be lower as well
well as higher
higher than 1013.2
1013.25
5 hPa

26 2 When the subscale is set to the QNH of an airfield the pressure altimeter indicates
id 3613

a zero while landing

b elevat
elevation
ion while
while landi
landing
ng
c elevation while landing only if conditions are as in the International Standard Atmosphere
d zero while landing only if conditions are as in the International Standard Atmosphere

26 3 The QNH is equal to the QFE if 

id 4160

a T actual < T standard

b T actual = T standard
c T actual > T standard
d the elevat
elevation
ion = 0

26 4 Which of the following conditions gives the highest value of the QNH?
id 4161

a QFE = 1003 hPa, elevation = 1200 FT (366m)

b QFE = 1000 hPa, elevation = 1200 FT (366m)
c QFE = 995 hPa,
hPa, elevat
elevation
ion = 1600
1600 FT (488m)
(488m)
d QFE = 995 hPa, elevation = 1200 FT (366m)

26 5 You must make an emergency landing at sea. The QNH of a field on a nearby
id 4163 island with an elevation of 4000 FT is 1025 hPa and the temperature is -20°C.
What is your pressure altimeter reading when landing if 1025 hPa is set in the
subscale?
a Less
Less than
than 0 FT
FT
b 0 FT
FT
c More than 0 FT, but less than 4000 FT
d 4000 FT
50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 40 of 207
 

26 6 For a given airfield the QFE is 980 hPa and the QNH is 1000 hPa. The approximate
id 4173 elevation of the airfield is
a 120 metres
b 600 metres
c 540 metres
d 16
160
0 met
metre
res
s

26 7 Before landing, an altimeter set to QFE indicates

id 5551

a the height of the aircraft's wheels above the runway.

b the flight level.
c the aircraft's altitude above the mean sea level.
d in standard atmospher
atmosphere,
e, the height of the aircraft
aircraft above the offi
official
cial airport
airport elevati
elevation.
on.

26 8 What altimeter reading would you expect when landing at an airfield 3000 ft above
id 6463 MSL, altimeter setting is QFE for the field and local temperature is + 25°C?
a 3300 ft.
b 3000 ft.
c 2700 ft.
d 0 ft.
26 9 The temperature is -15°C on an airport 3000' above mean sea level. Which of the
id 6465 following statements is correct ?
a QFF > QNH
b QFF = QFE
c QFF = QNH
d QNH = QFE

27 0 Which of altimeter settings is used when flying in flight levels ?

id 6468

a 1013
1013,2
,25
5 hPa
hPa..
b 1025,13 hPa.
c QFF.
d QFE.

27 1 While passing the Transition Level, you set the subscale on your altimeter to the
id 6727 local QNH of 1009 hPa:
a Your indicated
indicated altitude
altitude decreases
decreases
b Your indicated altitude increases
c  A statement is
is not possible
possible without
without the knowledge
knowledge of the exact
exact OAT
d Your setting is wrong, the subscale must be set to 1013,2 hPa

27 2 On takeoff, your altimeter is set to the local QNH of 1023 hPa. While passing the
id 6728 Transition Altitude, you adjust the subscale accordingly:
a Your indicated
indicated altitude
altitude decreases
decreases
b Your indicated altitude increases
c  A statement is
is not possible
possible without
without the knowledge
knowledge of the exact
exact OAT
d The altimeter setting must remain at 1023 hPa

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 41 of 207

 

27 3 You observe the altimeter in a parked aircraft while a cold front passes the airport.
id 6765 What does the altimeter indicate?
a It first decreases and then increases
b It first
first increases
increases and
and then decrea
decreases
ses
c It is not affected by a pressure change
d The pressure changes are very small and therefore, there is no visible change of the indication

27 4 You have landed on an airport (elevation 1240 ft, QNH 1008 hPa). Your altimeter
id 6889 subscale is erroneously set to 1013 hPa. Therefore, the indication will be:
a 1105 ft
b 1200 ft
c 1375 ft
d 1280 ft
27 5 You have landed on an airport (elevation 540 ft,
ft , QNH 993 hPa). Your altimeter
id 6890 subscale is erroneously set to 1013 hPa. Therefore, the indication will be:
a 0 ft
b 380 ft
c 1080 ft
d 700 ft
27 6 Your altimeter indicates 3600 ft, while set to standard pressure. You now adjust the
id 6904 subscale to the local QNH of 991 hPa. What will the indication be?
a 3006 ft
b 4194 ft
c 3600 ft
d 3320 ft

27 7 When the barometric subscale of the altimeter is adjusted to 1013,2 hPa, what
id 6942 type of altitude is being measured?
a Press
Pressure
ure a
alt
ltit
itud
ude
e
b Indicated altitude
c True altitude
d Relative height
27 8 You are departing an aerodrome (600 ft AMSL, QNH 1012 hPa) and proceed to
id 6943 another airfield (195 ft AMSL) with the same QNH. After landing, which barometric
setting on the altimeter makes it again indicate 600 ft?
a 997
b 1032
c 992
d 1027
27 9 Without readjusting the barometric setting of the altimeter, it will under-read when:
id 6945

a flying from a high pressure area into a low pressure area

b flying in headwind with constant barometric pressure
c flaing in tailwind with constant barometric pressure
d flying from
from a low pressure
pressure area
area into a high pressure
pressure area
area

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 42 of 207

 

50.01.06.04. Calc. of terrain clearance, lowest usable fl

28 0 If atmospheric conditions exist such that the temperature deviation is ISA +10°C in
id 136 the lower troposphere up to 18000 FT, what is the actual layer thickness between
FL 60 and FL 120 ?
a 6240 FT.
b 6000 FT.
c 5900 FT.
d 5760 FT.
28 1 Which weather condition lowers true altitude as compared to pressure altitude to a
id 1201 position where flight over mountains could be dangerous?
a Cold high.
b Warm depression.
c Col
Cold low.
ow.
d Warm high.
28 2  A vertical
vertical spacing
spacing of 1000
1000 FT, is the standard
standard required
required separati
separation
on between
between two FL.
id 1499 Under conditions of cold air advection (ISA -15°C), what would the true vertical
separation be?
a More than 1000 FT
b It remains 1000 FT
c Le
Less
ss than
than 10
1000
00 FT
d Without QNH information, it can not be determined
28 3  At which pressure
pressure and temperature
temperature conditions
conditions may you safely assume
assume that the
id 1500 minimum usable flight level at least lies at the same height, as the minimum safe
altitude?
a In a cold low pressure region
b At a temperature
temperature greater
greater than or equal to that
that of the ISA and where
where the QNH iis
s greater
than or equal to 1013 hPa
c  At a temperature
temperature less
less than
than or equal to
to that of the
the ISA and where
where the QNH
QNH is less
less than 1013
1013 hPa
d In a warm high pressure region
28 4 What information is required to convert a minimum safe altitude into a lowest
id 1913 usable flight level?
a Lowest
Lowest value of QNH and the highest
highest negative tem
temperat
perature
ure deviation
deviation from ISA.
b Highest value of QNH and the highest negative temperature deviation from ISA.
c Highest value of QNH and the highest positive temperature deviation from ISA
d Lowest value of QNH and the lowest negative temperature deviation from ISA
28 5  An aircraft
aircraft is in level
level flight
flight at FL100
FL100 over
over a mountain
mountain range,
range, which extends
extends up to
id 6946 2400 metres AMSL. If the regional QNH is 998 hPa, what is the approximate terrain
clearance?
a 2536 feet
b 16
1636
36 fe
feet
et
c 7821 feet
d 405 feet

50.01. THE ATMOSPHERE 2002/12/22 Page 43 of 207

 

50.02. WIND
50.02.01. Definition and measurement
50.02.01.01. Definition and measurement
28 6 What is the approximate speed of a 25-knot wind, expressed in kilometres per
id 2430 hour?
a 60 km/h

b 35 km/h
c 55 km/h
d 45 km/h

28 7 What is the approximate speed of a 90 km/h wind, expressed in knots?

id 2431

a 55 kt
b 50 kt
c 60 kt
d 70 kt

28 8 What is the approximate speed of a 40-knot wind, expressed in m/sec?

id 2432

a 25 m/sec

b 15 m/sec
c 20 m/
m/sec
d 30 m/sec

28 9 What values are used for the forecasted wind at higher levels?
id 4165

a Direction relative to grid north and speed in kmh

b Direction relative to magnetic north and speed in knots
c Direction relative to magnetic north and speed in kmh
d Direction
Direction rel
relative
ative to true
true north and
and speed in knots
knots

29 0 Evaporation is the change of:

id 6401

a Liquid
Liquid water
water to water
water vapor
vapor..
b Water vapor to ice.
c Invisible water vapor to liquid water.
d Ice directly to water vapor.

29 1 Water droplets often condense or persist at temperature colder than 0°C. What
id 6402 are water droplets called which are colder than 0°C ?
a Super-heated water droplets.
b Supercool
Supercooled
ed w
water
ater droplets.
droplets.
c Ice.
d None of the above.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 44 of 207

 

29 2 The direction of the gradient force is?

id 6419

a Towards high pressure

b Toward
Towards
s low
low press
pressure
ure
c Parallel to the isobars
d Same direction as the friction force

29 3 Which precipitation type normally indicates freezing rain at some altitude above the
id 6422 ground?
a Snow.
b Hail.
c Ic
Ice
e pel
pelle
lets
ts..
d Ice crystals.
29 4 Thermal turbulence is caused by:
id 6430

a Wing-tip vortexes.
b Vertical
Vertical movements
movements due convectio
convection
n flow in unst
unstable
able air.
air.
c Deviations due to mountain terrain.
d Smooth air movements upon smooth substratum.

29 5 What relationship exists between the winds at 2000 ft above the surface and the
id 6432 surface winds ?
a The winds at 2000 ft and the surface winds flow in the same direction, but the surface winds are
weaker due to friction.
b The winds at 2000 ft and the surface winds are approximately the same except when eddies form
due to obstructions.
c The winds at 2000
2000 ft tend to parallel
parallel the isobars while
while the surface
surface winds cross the isobars
isobars at
an angle toward lower pressure and are weaker.
d The surface winds tend to veer to the right of the winds at 2000 ft and are visually weaker.
29 6 Possible mountain wave turbulence should be anticipated in cases where
id 6433 windspeeds of 
a 20 kts. or greater blow across a mountain ridge, and the air is unstable.
b 25 kts. or greater blow across a mountain
mountain ridge, and
and the air is stable.
c 25 kts. or greater blow down a mountain valley, and the air is unstable.
d 25 kts. or greater blow parallel to a mountain peak, and the air is stable.
29 7 Winds at 5000' AGL on a particular flight are south-westerly while most of the
id 6435 surface winds are southerly. The difference in direction is primarily due to:
a  A stronger
stronger pressure
pressure gradient
gradient at higher
higher altitud
altitudes.
es.
b Friction
Friction betwe
between
en the wind
wind and the surface.
surface.
c Stronger Coriolis force at the surface.
d The influence of pressure systems at the lower altitudes.

29 8 Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a right angle to the wind and
id 6436 deflects it to the right until parallel to the isobars ?
a Centrifugal.
b Pressure gradient.
c Cori
Coriol
olis
is..
d  Advect
dvection
ion..

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 45 of 207

 

29 9  A trough
trough is a:
id 6442

a kind
kind of low
low pre
press
ssure
ure..
b high pressure ridge.
c tropical thunderstorm.
d tropical wind.

30 0 In the Northern Hemisphere the surface wind is blowing around a low pressure:
id 6445

a anti-clockwise,
anti-clockwise, oblique to the isobars
isobars towards
towards the low pressure ce
centre.
ntre.
b parallel to the isobars.
c across the isobars.
d opposite the situation described in a).

30 1 Characteristic of a cold air mass is:

id 6446

a Precipitation (drizzle).
b Extensive fog.
c Shower
Showers
s and
and gusty
gusty winds
winds..
d Strong and smooth winds.

30 2 Due to the diurnal variations of temperature the following types of wind arise:
id 6447

a Sea an
and
d land
land bree
breeze
ze..
b Trade-winds.
c Monsoon winds.
d  Anabatic
nabatic winds.
winds.

30 3  An autumn
autumn day with rain
rain showers
showers and terminated
terminated by evening
evening clear
clear sky will
will be
id 6474 followed in the next morning by:
a  Advect
dvectio
ion
n fog.
fog.
b Radi
Radiat
atio
ion
n fog.
fog.
c Orografic fog.
d Frontal fog.
30 4 What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than
id 6488 parallel to the isobars ?
a Coriolis force.
b Surfac
Surface
e fric
frictio
tion.
n.
c The greater density of the air at the surface.
d The greater atmospheric pressure at the surface.

30 5  A high pressure
pressure (or anticyclone)
anticyclone) is characterized
characterized by:
by:
id 6492

a The wind is blowing anticlockwise around the high pressure on the Northern Hemisphere.
b The wind is blowing anticlockwise around the high pressure on the Southern Hemisphere.
c The wind in the friction layer is blowing at an oblique angle and out from the high pressure in relation
to the isobars.
d Both
Both b) and
and c)
c) are correct
correct..

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 46 of 207

 

30 6 In a low pressure:
id 6497

a The isobars are found in closed and more or less oval circles around the lowest pressure.
b The isobars are often closer to each other than around a high pressure.
c The wind will tend to be stronger with increasing altitude and also blow more parallel to the isobars.
d a) , b) and
and c) are
are all
all correc
correctt

30 7 Which clouds have the greatest turbulence ?

id 6499

a Towering cumulus.
b Cumul
Cumulon
onim
imbu
bus.
s.
c Nimbostratus.
d  Altocumulus castellanus.
castellanus.

30 8 Define low pressure:

id 6504

a An area with lower

lower pressure
pressure than that of the environments.
environments.
b  An area
area of conv
converg
ergenc
ence.
e.
c  A trough
trough..
d None of the above.

30 9 Define high pressure:

id 6505

a An area with higher

higher pressure than that of the environments
environments..
b  A high press
pressure
ure ridge
ridge..
c  An area
area of dive
diverge
rgence
nce..
d Non of the above.

31 0 List the two forces in balance in a geostrophic wind:

id 6508

a Pressure force and friction force.

b Centrifugal force and friction force.
c Gradient
Gradient force
force and Coriol
Coriolis
is force.
force.
d Coriolis force and centrifugal force.

31 1 The expression "Mechanical turbulence" means:

id 6511
a "Wake turbulence".
b That the terrain or other obstructions
obstructions interfering with the airflow.
c Vertical movements in unstable air.
d That you experience "finger trouble".

31 2 The mechanical turbulence will increase when:

id 6513

a Flying from land to sea.

b temperature falls.
c pressure rises.
d the wind
wind incr
increas
eases.
es.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 47 of 207

 

31 3 What are trade winds?

id 6518

a The wind zones

zones towards
towards the Intertropi
Intertropical
cal Conv
Convergen
ergence
ce Zone.
b The westerly wind zones.
c The polar easterly winds.
d Foen winds in alpine valleys.

31 4 Mention one of the characteristics of the Monsoons:

id 6522

a Daily change of wind direction.

b Yearly change of wind
wind directio
direction.
n.
c The wind blowing from one direction all the year.
d The wind blowing along the 40° south, from the west towards the east.

31 5 Describe the change of wind through the friction layer from the ground and up:
id 6525

a Decreased force and "veering".

b Increased
Increased force and "veeri
"veering".
ng".
c Increased force and "backing"
d Increased force and turning 180°

31 6 How does the geostrophic wind force change with latitude?

id 6532

a Increase with increasing latitude to a certain latitude.

b Decrease with increasing latitude to a certain latitude.
c Increase
Increase with
with decreasing
decreasing latitude.
latitude.
d Latitude does not affect wind force.

31 7 Fog which reaches only 2 metres above ground or 10 metres above the sea is
id 6548 called:
a Smog.
b Mist.
c Drifting fog.
d Shal
Shallo
low
w fog
fog..
31 8 If you are flying into an area of low pressure, what drift would you expect to
id 6561 experience in the northern hemisphere?
a Ri
Righ
ghtt d
dri
rift
ft
b None
c Left drift
d Ice directly to water vapor.

31 9 In contrast to brief showers, prolonged precipitation preceding a front is most likely

id 6564 to be related to:
a Stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence
b Cumuliform cloud with little or no turbulence
c Shallow
Shallow stratifor
stratiform
m clouds wit
with
h little or no turbulenc
turbulence
e
d

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 48 of 207

 

32 0 The wind which results from air cooling on the side of a valley is known as:
id 6569

a A kata
kataba
bati
tic
c wind
wind
b  A valley
valley wind
wind
c  An anabatic
anabatic wind
d

32 1 When flying in a sub-zero 0°C airmass, into which rain is falling, which of the
id 6570 following is most likely?
a Hoar frost
b Hail
c Fr
Free
eezi
zing
ng rain
rain
d
32 2  A wind who
who has changed
changed clockwise
clockwise in direction
direction can
can be said
said to have:
have:
id 6585

a Reduced
b Backed
c V e er e d
d  Advan
dvance
ced
d

32 3 If the wind at altitude is 24035KT, the most likely wind on the surface at an inland
id 6587 airfield is:
a 27040KT
b 22020KT
c 22040KT
d

32 4 There is a natural tendency for air to flow from areas of:

id 6594

a High pressure
pressure to llow
ow pressure
pressure
b Low pressure to high pressure
c Mountainous areas to flat areas
d Flat terrain towards the sea

32 5 With respect to high and low pressure systems:

id 6599
a  A high press
pressure
ure area
area or ridge
ridge is an
an area of
of rising
rising air 
b A high pressure
pressure area
area or ridge is an area
area of descendi
descending
ng air 
c  A low press
pressure
ure area
area or trough
trough is
is an area
area of descend
descending
ing air 
air 
d

32 6 With respect to high and low pressure systems:

id 6600

a A low pressure
pressure area
area or trough
trough is an area
area of rising
rising air 
b  A high press
pressure
ure area
area or ridge
ridge is an
an area of
of rising
rising air 
c  A low press
pressure
ure area
area or trough
trough is
is an area
area of descend
descending
ing air 
air 
d

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 49 of 207

 

32 7 What is the term used to describe streamers of precipitation trailing beneath

id 6603 clouds, but evaporating before reaching the ground:
a Foehn
b Virga
c Dissipation trails
d

32 8 In the northern hemisphere an aircraft flying directly from low to high pressure
id 6606 would expect to experience:
a No drift
b Right drift
c Le
Left
ft dr
driift
d
32 9 Which statement is true?
id 6622

a The general visibility associated with a cold front is worse than the visibility associated with a warm
front
b The general visibility associated with a cold front is the same than the visibility associated with a
warm front
c The general visibility
visibility associated
associated with a cold
cold front is better
better than the visibility
visibility associated
associated
with a warm front

d
33 0  A V-shaped
V-shaped extension
extension of a low pressure
pressure area is called
called a:
id 6623

a Ridge
b Col
c Trough
d Occlusion

33 1 If you stand with your back to the wind in the northern hemisphere, the low
id 6628 pressure will be:
a On yo
your
ur le
left
ft
b On your right
c Behind you

d  Ahead
head of you
33 2 The wind at the surface is 24015KT. What is it most likely to be at 2000ft?
id 6629

a 22025KT
b 26025KT
c 28015KT
d

33 3 What prevents air from flowing directly from high to low pressure areas over
id 6639 western Europe?
a Cori
Coriol
olis
is for
force
ce
b Surface friction
c Pressure gradient force
d The presence of occlusions

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 50 of 207

 

33 4 The general circulation of air associated with a high pressure area in the northern
id 6640 hemisphere is:
a Inward, downward and counter clockwise
b Outward, upward and clockwise
c Outward,
Outward, downw
downward
ard and
and clockw
clockwise
ise
d

33 5 The general circulation of air associated with a low pressure area in the northern
id 6641 hemisphere is:
a Inward,
Inward, upward
upward and
and counter
counter clockwise
clockwise
b Inward, upward and clockwise
c Outward, downward and clockwise
d Inward, downward and counter clockwise
33 6 What is a feature of air movement in a high pressure area?
id 6650

a  Ascending
scending from
from the surface
surface high
high to lower
lower pressu
pressure
re at hig
higher
her altitude
altitudes
s
b Descendi
Descending
ng to the su
surfac
rface
e and the outward
outward
c Moving outward from the high at high altitudes and into the high at the surface
d

33 7  At lower levels of the atmosphere,

atmosphere, friction causes th
the
e wind to flow across
across isobars
id 6651 into a low because the friction
a decrease
decreases
s wind spe
speed
ed and Corioli
Coriolis
s force
b decreases pressure gradient force
c creates air turbulence and raises atmospheric pressure
d

33 8  At which location does Coriolis

Coriolis force
force have the least
least effect on wind direction
direction?
?
id 6652

a  At the poles

b Middle latitudes (30° to 60°)
c At th
the
e Equ
Equat
ator 
or 
d

33 9 How does Coriolis force affect wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere?
id 6653
a Causes
Causes clockwi
clockwise
se rotatio
rotation
n arou
around
nd a low
b Causes wind to flow out of a low toward a high
c Has exactly the same effect as in the Northern Hemisphere
d

34 0 Which weather condition is defined as an anticyclone?

id 6654

a Calm
b Hi
High
gh pres
pressur
sure
e area
area
c Col
d

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 51 of 207

 

34 1 What term describes an elongated area of low pressure?

id 6662

a Trough
b Ridge
c Hurricane or typhoon
d

34 2 Which event usually occurs after an aircraft passes through a front into the colder
id 6664 air?
a Temperature/dewpoint spread decreases
b Wind direction shifts to the left
c Atmosph
Atmospheri
eric
c press
pressure
ure increa
increases
ses
d
34 3 Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?
id 6665

a Upper winds blowi

blowing
ng across
across the front.
b Upper low located directly over the surface low.
c The cold front overtaking and lifting the warm front
d

34 4 In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?
id 6666

a Warm fronts or occluded fronts

b Slow-moving
Slow-moving cold
cold fronts
fronts or station
stationary
ary fro
fronts
nts
c Cold front occlusions
d

34 5 How is wind measured?

id 6736

a 8-10 m above
above the ground on
on a mast with an anemometer 
anemometer 
b 2 m above the ground in a weather shelter 
c 2 m above the ground on a mast with an anemomenter 
d 8-10 m above the ground on a mast with a pluviometer 

34 6 What pressure does an observer at point A encounter in the next hour?

id 6743
a Ri
Risi
sing
ng pre
press
ssur
ure
e
b Falling pressure
c  A pressure
pressure rise first,
first, then
then an immediate
immediate pressur
pressure
e drop
d No substantial pressure change

34 7 What pressure does an observer at point B encounter in the next hour?

id 6744

a Rising pressure
b Falling pressure
c  A pressure
pressure rise first,
first, then
then an immediate
immediate pressur
pressure
e drop
d No substan
substantial
tial pressure
pressure change
change

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 52 of 207

 

34 8 What pressure does an observer at point C encounter in the next hour?

id 6745

a Rising pressure
b Fall
Fallin
ing
g press
pressur
ure
e
c  A pressure
pressure rise first,
first, then
then an immediate
immediate pressur
pressure
e drop
d No substantial pressure change

34 9 What temperature does an observer at point C encounter in the next hour?

id 6746

a The temperat
temperature
ure incr
increas
eases
es
b The temperature decreases
c The temperature first increases and then decreases
d No substantial temperature change

35 0 What temperature does an observer at point B encounter in the next hour?

id 6747

a The temperature increases

b The temperature decreases
c The temperature first increases and then decreases
d No substant
substantial
ial tempera
temperature
ture change
change

35 1 What temperature does an observer at point A encounter in the next hour?

id 6748

a The temperature increases

b The temperat
temperature
ure decrease
decreases
s
c The temperature first increases and then decreases
d No substantial temperature change

35 2 What is the name of the low level winds between the subtropical high pressure belt
id 6751 and the ITCZ?
a Monsoon
b Tr
Trad
ade
e win
winds
ds
c Easterly wave
d Low level jetstream
35 3 What is the most frequent wind in valleys, caused by thermal effects?
id 6756
a Mountain breeze by day
b Mountain breeze by night
c Valle
Valley
y bree
breeze
ze by
by day
day
d Valley breeze by night

35 4 What does zone A depict?

id 6760

a A trou
rough
b  A ridge
ridge
c The warm sector 
d The cold front

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 53 of 207

 

35 5 Refer to the picture by pressing the "DLP" button: What does zone B depict?
id 6761

a  A trough
trough
b  A ridge
ridge
c The warm sector 
d The cold
cold fr
fron
ontt

35 6 Refer to the picture by pressing the "DLP" button: What does zone C depict?
id 6762

a  A trough
trough
b  A ridge
ridge
c Th
The
ewwar
arm
m sec
secto
tor r 
d The cold front

35 7 What can you expect at FL 180, when the wind is geostrophic and your true
id 6767 altitude is 18'000 ft?
a Crosswind from the right
b Crosswind from the left
c No cros
crossw
swin
ind
d
d None of the above
35 8 Where can a jetstream be observed?
id 6778

a On a Significant
Significant Weath
Weather
er Chart
Chart (SWC)
(SWC)
b On a high level pressure chart
c On a surface chart
d  All of tthe
he a
abov
bove
e

35 9 What can on a Significant Weather Chart be depicted?

id 6779

a The speed
speed and direct
direction
ion of a surface
surface front
front
b The speed and direction of an upper front
c The amount of rain in a certain area
d The actual weather situation

36 0 What cloud type is prone to +RA?

id 6784
a NS
b  AS
c CC
d ST

36 1 When is heavy precipitation unlikely?

id 6785

a In summer,
summer, with
with SC
SC and AC
AC clouds
clouds
b In summer, with CB and CU clouds
c In spring and autumn, with NS and CB clouds
d In winter, with CB clouds

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 54 of 207

 

36 2 The precipitation form +TSRA is most probably related to the following cloud type:
id 6786

a CB
b CU
c NS
d CC

36 3 What happens when you descend from 2000 ft to the surface, when no fronts are
id 6801 present?
a The wind
wind back
backs
s and decr
decreas
eases
es
b The wind veers and decreases
c The wind veers and increases
d The wind backs and the wind speed remains more or less constant
36 4  A trough of
of low pressure
pressure on a surface
surface synoptic
synoptic chart.....
id 6820

a is an area
area of converg
convergence
ence and
and widespread
widespread ascent
ascent
b is an area of divergence and widespread ascent
c leads to descending air masses
d is a narrow band of ascent

36 5 Name the conditions for the formation of radiation fog:

id 6828

a Flat landscape
landscape,, a clear
clear night,
night, no wind
wind conditions
conditions
b Over the sea with a 20KT wind
c Mountainous terrain with winds of approx. 10 KT, overcast skies
d Flat landscape, a clear night, winds of 10-20KT

36 6 You fly from east to west at the 500 hPa level in the Northern hemisphere:
id 6834

a If the wind
wind is from the North,
North, there
there is a gain
gain in altitude
altitude
b If the wind is from the South, there is a gain in altitude
c If you encounter a northerly drift, there is a gain in altitude
d You fly towards an area of low pressure, and, therefore, experience a loss in altitude

36 7 Wind at 2000 ft 20040KT. What would you expect at the surface over the sea
id 6839 approximately?
a 18515KT
b 18540KT
c 22020KT
d 22040KT

36 8 Which statement is true for condensation?

condensation?
id 6844

a Latent
Latent heat is
is released
released to
to the atmosph
atmosphere
ere
b Latent heat is transformed into pure energy
c Latent heat is absorbed from the surrounding air by the water droplet
d Precipitation forms

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 55 of 207

 

36 9 Of which air mass does the warm sector of a polar front depression consist?
id 6848

a Marit
Maritime
ime trop
tropic
ical
al air 
air 
b Maritime polar air 
c Continental tropical air 
d Continental equatorial air 

37 0 Which statement is true, when isobars stand close together on a surface chart?
id 6851

a Strong
Strong wind
winds
s are pr
prese
esent
nt
b Lights winds prevail
c  A high pressu
pressure
re area iis
s approach
approaching
ing
d Westerly winds prevail

37 1 Refer to the chart: On which route of flight would you expect no icing at FL 180?
id 6856

a Zurich-Hamburg
b Zurich-Madrid
c Hamb
Hamburg
urg-St
-Stoc
ockho
kholm
lm
d Zurich-Vienna

37 2 Refer to the chart: When flying from Zurich to Shannon at FL 340, your cruising
id 6857
level is.....
a permanently in the troposphere
b permanen
permanently
tly in the
the str
stratos
atospher
phere
e
c first in the troposphere and later in the stratosphere
d intermittently in the stratosphere

37 3 Refer to the chart: Which statement is true?

id 6858

a The frontal system south of London has a movement towards the south
b The freezing level over Madrid is higher than FL 120
c There is no risk for thunderstorms over France
d You may encounte
encounterr turbulence
turbulence over
over Madrid at FL 340
340

37 4 Refer to the chart: For which route of flight do you expect icing?
id 6874
a Hamburg-Oslo
b Rome
Rome-F
-Fra
rank
nkfu
furt
rt
c Copenhagen-Helsinki
d Oslo-Prague

37 5 Refer to the chart: State the height of the tropopause over Frankfurt:
id 6875

a FL 250
b FL 280
c FL 310
d FL 340

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 56 of 207

 

37 6 Refer to the chart: What are the weather conditions for a flight from Zurich to
id 6876 London at your cruising altitude of FL 220?
a CAT during the first part of the route
b Severe turbulence and icing during the entire flight
c Flight mainly in clouds, no turbulence
d Occasi
Occasional
onal thun
thunders
derstorm
torms
s

37 7 Refer to the chart: Which statements are true?

id 6877

a The front south of Frankfurt moves towards the Southeast with a speed of approximately 5 KT
b The jet stream over Italy shows a maximum wind speed of 120 km
c CBs have formed
formed over the Iberian peninsula,
peninsula, with
with tops at about
about 25'000 ft
d No significant clouds are present over Rome

37 8 Refer to the chart: Which route is free of turbulence at Fl 340?

id 6878

a Shanno
Shannon-H
n-Hamb
amburg
urg
b Zurich-Rome
c Zurich-Athens
d Rom-Berlin

37 9 Refer to the chart: What are the weather conditions for a flight Zurich-Stockholm at
id 6879
FL 240:
a Your flight will be mainly in clouds, outside of CAT areas
b Your flight will
will be mainly
mainly clear of clouds, intermittently in icing conditions
c No thunderstorms have to be expected
d Your flight will be permanently clear of clouds

38 0 Refer to the chart: What wind speed do you expect over Rome at FL 340?
id 6880

a 145KT
b 340KT
c 95KT
d 140 km/h

38 1 Refer to the chart: On which route do you expect moderate to severe CAT at FL
id 6881 300?
a Zu
Zuri
rich
ch-R
-Rom
ome
e
b London-Zurich
c Zurich-Copenhagen
d Paris-Bordeaux

38 2 Which air mass and cloud depiction matches the routing A-B?
id 6898

a B
b C
c D
d  A

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 57 of 207

 

38 3 On which route do you expect the cross section below?

id 6900

a  A-D
b B-C
c B-D
d  A-E

38 4 On which route do you expect the cross section below?

id 6901

a B-A
b D-A
c B-C
d C-A
C-A

38 5 The vertical extension of radiation fog during the winter over flat land is
id 6912 approximately:
a 500 ft
b 1000 ft
c 2000 ft
d more than 2000 ft
38 6 What is sublimation?
id 6918

a The change of state from ice to water 

b The change of state from water to water vapour 
c The change of state from water vapour to water 
d The change
change of state from ice
ice to water vapour
vapour or from water vapour
vapour to ice

38 7 What is evaporation?
id 6919

a The change of state from ice to water 

b The change
change of state
state from water
water to water
water vapour 
vapour 
c The change of state from water vapour to water 
d The change of state from ice to water vapour or from water vapour to ice

38 8 What is condensation?
id 6920
a The change of state from ice to water 
b The change of state from water to water vapour 
c The change
change of state
state from water va
vapour
pour to water 
d The change of state from ice to water vapour or from water vapour to ice

38 9 What is freezing?
id 6921

a The change of state from ice to water 

b The change of state from water to water vapour 
c The change of state from water vapour to water 
d The change
change o
off stat
state
e from water
water to
to ice

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 58 of 207

 

39 0 In an anticyclone in the Northern Hemisphere, with curved isobars, the speed of the
id 6923 gradient wind.....
a is lower than the geostrophic wind
b equals the cyclostrophic wind
c depends on Coriolis force only
d is greater
greater than
than the
the geostroph
geostrophic
ic wind
wind

39 1 Why are there no or very few clouds, when a high pressure area is present?
id 6935

a Because of subsiding
subsiding air, subject to adiabatic
adiabatic heating
heating
b Because of rising air, cooling adiabatically at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate
c The air is warmed from below
d Warm air moves over a cold surface, thus, generating stability

39 2 What is drizzle?
id 6936

a Small water
water droplets
droplets of 0,2 to 0,5 mm in diameter 
diameter 
b Water droplets of more than 0,5 mm in diameter 
c Precipitation which forms mostly in CB and CU clouds
d Typical precipitation, when NS clouds are present

39 3 What (amongst other) is the purpose for consulting an SWC chart prior to flight?
id 6937

a To avoid
avoid areas
areas with
with turb
turbule
ulence
nce
b To obtain exact weather information for the destination airport
c To obtain complete weather forecasts for the entire route of flight
d To obtain weather information for a VFR flight only

50.02.02. Primary cause of wind

50.02.02.01. Primary cause of wind, pressure gradient,
39 4 Which forces are balanced with geostrophic winds?
id 1178

a Pressure
Pressure gradien
gradientt force
force,, Coriolis
Coriolis force.
force.
b Friction force, pressure gradient force, Coriolis force.
c Pressure gradient force, Coriolis force, centrifugal force.
d Pressure gradient force, centrifugal force, friction force.

39 5 Whilst flying at FL 180 on the northern hemisphere an aircraft experiences right

id 1188 drift. What effect, if any, will this have on the aircraft's true altitude ?
a Without knowing the pressure change this question cannot be answered.
b It increases.
c It remains constant.
d It dec
decre
reas
ases
es

39 6 In the southern hemisphere what wind effect would you expect when flying from a
id 1202 high pressure area towards a low pressure area at FL 100?
a Wind from the left.
b Wind
Wind from
from tthe
he righ
right.
t.

c Tailwind with no drift.

d Headwind with no drift.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 59 of 207

 

39 7 The geostrophic wind is greater than the gradient wind around a low pressure
id 2075 system because the
a centrifugal
centrifugal force
force opposes
opposes the
the pressure
pressure gr
gradient
adient
b centrifugal force is added to the pressure gradient
c coriolis force is added to the pressure gradient
d coriolis force opposes to the centrifugal force

39 8 The geostrophic wind is less than the gradient wind around an anticyclone
id 2076 because the
a centrifugal force opposes the pressure gradient
b centrifug
centrifugal
al force is added
added to the pressure
pressure gradient
gradient
c effect of coriolis is added to friction
d coriolis effect opposes the centrifugal force
39 9  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying in the southern
southern hemisphe
hemisphere
re at low
low altitude
altitude (less
(less than 2000
2000 feet)
feet)
id 2077 and going directly away from a centre of low pressure. What direction, relative to
the aircraft, does the wind come from ?
a From the left and slightly on the tail
b From the right and slightly on the nose
c From the right and slightly on the tail
d From the
the left and slightly
slightly on the nose
40 0
id 2252 What
areas prevents
? air from flowing directly from high-pressure areas to low-pressure
a The pressure gradient force
b Surface friction
c Katabatic force
d Coriol
Coriolis
is for
force
ce
40 1  An aircraft
aircraft flying
flying in the so
southern
uthern hemisphere
hemisphere at 2000
2000 feet, has
has to turn
turn to the
the right
right in
id 2435 order to allow for drift. In which direction, relative to the aircraft, is the centre of low
pressure ?
a To the left.
b Behind.
c In ffro
ron
nt.

d To the right.
40 2 Wind is caused by
id 3816

a the rotation of the earth

b horizontal
horizontal pressure
pressure differ
differences
ences
c friction between the air and the ground
d the movements of fronts

40 3 You are flying from east to west in the northern hemisphere at the 500 hPa
id 3822 pressure surface. Which of the following statements is correct?
a If you have a tail wind you are losing altitude
b If the wind is from the south you are gaining altitude
c If you have a head wind you are gaining altitude

d If the wind
wind is from the
the north you are
are gaining
gaining altitude
altitude

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 60 of 207

 

40 4 Geostrophic wind is the wind when isobars are

id 3823

a straight lines and no friction is involved.

involved.
b curved lines and no friction is involved
c straight lines and friction is involved.
d curved lines and friction is involved.

40 5 The wind tends to follow the contour lines (isohypses) above the friction layer
id 3826 because
a the coriolis force tends to balance with the horizontal pressure
pressure gradient
gradient force
b contour lines are lines that connect points with the same windspeed in the upper air 
c the coriolis force acts perpendicular on a line that connects high and low pressure system
d the friction of the air with the earth's surface gives the airflow a diversion perpendicular to the
gradient force.
40 6 The wind speed in a system with curved isobars compared to a system with
id 3827 straight isobars is (other conditions being the same)
a always higher 
b higher
higher if curvatu
curvature
re is anticy
anticycloni
clonic
c
c always lower 
d higher if curvature is cyclonic

40 7 The geostrophic wind depends on

id 3829

a centripetal force, height, pressure gradient

b earth's rotation, geographic latitude, centripetal force
c geographic latitude, centripetal force, height
d density,
density, earth's
earth's rotation,
rotation, geographi
geographic
c latitud
latitude
e

40 8 The difference between geostrophic wind and gradient wind is caused by

id 3832

a cu
curva
rvatu
ture
re of is
isob
obar
ars
s
b friction
c horizontal temperature gradients
d slope of pressure surfaces

40 9 The geostrophic wind speed is directly proportional to the

id 3836

a density of the air 

b curvature of isobars
c sine of latitude
d horizontal
horizontal pressure
pressure gradie
gradient
nt

41 0 Geostrophic wind
id 3839

a is perpendicular
perpendicular to the horizontal pressure gradient force
b is directly proportional to the density of the air 
c always increases with increasing height
d veers with height if cold air is advected in the northern hemisphere

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 61 of 207

 

41 1 For a similar pressure gradient, the geostrophic wind speed will be

id 4974

a the same at all latitudes north or south of 15°

b greater at 60°N than at 30°N
c greater
greater at 30°N
30°N than
than at
at 60°N
60°N
d equivalent to gradient wind ± thermal component

41 2 For the same pressure gradient at 60°N, 50°N and 40°N the speed of the
id 4975 geostrophic wind will be
a grea
greate
test
st at 40
40°N
°N
b the same at all latitudes
c greatest at 60°N
d least at 50°N
41 3 Under anticyclone conditions in the northern hemisphere, with curved isobars the
id 4976 speed of the gradient wind is
a less than the geostrophic wind
b greater
greater than the ge
geostrop
ostrophic
hic wind
wind
c the same as the thermal component
d proportional only to the Coriolis force
41 4 Which is a characteristic of low level wind shear as it relates to frontal activity ?
id 6429

a The amount of wind shear in cold fronts is insignificant and does not have to be considered.
b With a warm front,
front, the most critical
critical period is just
just before the front
front has passed the
the airport.
c With a cold front, the most critical period is just before the front passes the airport.
d Turbulence will always exist in wind-shear conditions.

41 5 Concerning advection fog, a possible extent and duration is:

id 6475

a Tens of meters and many days.

b Tens of meters and some hours.
c Hundreds
Hundreds of
of meters
meters a
and
nd many
many days.
days.
d Hundreds of meters and some hours.

41 6 Fog formation by warm and humid air flowing over cold areas is often extensive
id 6479 and of long duration. Such fog is called:
a Radiation fog.
b Adve
Advect
ctio
ion
n fog
fog
c Orografic fog.
d Frontal fog

41 7 When CAT (clear air turbulence) conditions are anticipated, the following
id 6491 procedure should be used as soon as turbulent air penetration speed is
established:
a The airspeed indicator should be used as primary flight instrument.
b The attitude indicator should be used as secondary flight instrument.
c Maintain
Maintain wings
wings level and control
control pitch
pitch attitude
attitude smoothly.
smoothly.
d Prepare the use of large control inputs to fight the excessive G-forces that may occur.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 62 of 207

 

41 8 Define a warm front:

id 6503

a The front side of a heat wave.

b The situation when cold air displaces warm air.
c The situation
situation when
when warm
warm air displace
displaces
s cold air.
air.
d The same as an occlusion.

41 9 State in which type of front supercooled raindrops most frequently occur?

id 6507

a Warm
Warm fro
front
nt..
b Cold front.
c Occlusion.
d Stationary front.

42 0 How would you describe a jetstream?

id 6527

a A zone of wind
wind in the upper
upper troposphere
troposphere or lower stratosphere
stratosphere with
with wind forces
forces at 60 knots
knots
minimum.
b The outflow airstream from a turbine engine..
c  Any wind
wind force
force ab
above
ove 64 knots
knots..
d  A zone of winds
winds in connection
connection with
with a "squall line".
line".
42 1 The wind force at an isobaric surface in the Northern Hemisphere:
id 6528

a increases with increased

increased inclination of the isobaric surface.
b is greatest when the isobaric surface is horizontal.
c is not influenced by inclination of the isobaric surface.
d decreases with increased inclination of the isobaric surface.

42 2 Which phenomenon is often associated with a jetstream?

id 6529

a Icing.
b Clear
Clear air turbulenc
turbulence
e (CAT).
(CAT).
c Windshear.
d Both a and b.

42
id
3
6531
The approximate position of the polar jetstream is:
a appr
approx
ox.. 60°N
60°N
b approx. 30°N
c approx. 80°N
d Over the north polar area.

42 4 When the inclination of isobar surfaces are equal, the geostrophic wind velocity
id 6537 depends upon
a  Air density.
b La
Lati
titu
tude
de..
c Temperature.
d Centrifugal force.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 63 of 207

 

42 5 Buys-Ballot's law of winds states that in the northern hemisphere standing with
id 6555 your back to the wind, you have:
a A low pressure
pressure ahead
ahead at an angle to your
your left, and a high
high pressure
pressure behind
behind you at an angle
to the right.
b  A low pressu
pressure
re ahe
ahead
ad at an angle
angle to
to your right
right,, and a high
high pressu
pressure
re beh
behind
ind you
you at an angle
angle to the
the
left.
c  A high press
pressure
ure ahead
ahead at a
an
n angle
angle to your
your right,
right, and a low
low pressu
pressure
re beh
behind
ind you
you at an angle
angle to the
the
left.
d  A high press
pressure
ure ahead
ahead at an
an angle
angle to your
your left,
left, and a low
low pressu
pressure
re beh
behind
ind you
you at an angle
angle to the
the
right.
42 6 The weather most likely as a warm front passes is:
id 6565

a Light showers, moderate continuous drizzle

b Moderate
Moderate continuous
continuous rain,
rain, intermittent
intermittent light
light drizzle
drizzle
c Moderate continuous rain, rain showers
d

42 7 Which of the following processes can produce both fog and clouds?
id 6568

a Divergence
b Adve
Advect
ctio
ion
n
c Convection
d

42 8 The wind that flows along straight, parallel isobars is called the:
id 6586

a Gradient Wind
b Geos
Geostr
trop
ophi
hic
c Wind
Wind
c Isobaric Wind
d

42 9 Turbulence at low level is more likely to be associated with:

id 6590

a Steady drizzle
b  An anticyclo
anticyclone
ne over
over the oc
ocean
ean

c A temper
temperatu
ature
re invers
inversion
ion
d

43 0 Select the true statement concerning isobars and wind flow patterns around high
id 6598 and low pressure systems that are shown on a pressure chart:
a Surface winds flow perpendicular to the isobars
b When the isobars are far apart, crests of standing waves may be marked by lenticular clouds
c When the isobars are close toge
together,
ther, the pressure
pressure gradient force is stronger, an
and
d wind
velocities are higher 
d When the isobars are close together, the pressure gradient force is weaker, and wind velocities are
lower 

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 64 of 207

 

43 1  A sea breeze blows:

id 6610

a Fr
From
om the
the sea
sea b
by
y day
day
b From the sea by night
c From the land by day
d

43 2  A land breeze
breeze blows:
blows:
id 6611

a From the sea by day

b From the sea by night
c From
From th
the
e land
land by
by night
night
d

43 3 Within a depression, two air masses meet so that a warm front is formed. In
id 6618 relation to a typical warm front:
a Warm air will be replaced by cold air, the frontal slope will be around 1:150
b Cold air will
will be replaced by warm
warm air, the fro
frontal
ntal slope will
will be around 1:150
1:150
c Warm air will be replaced by cold air, the frontal slope will be around 1:50
d
43 4  As a warm front approaches
approaches a stationary
stationary observer,
observer, the cloud base:
base:
id 6621

a Remains the same

b Lowers
c Rises
d

43 5 The cloud sequence that could be expected during the passage of a typical warm
id 6647 front would be:
a CI, AS, CB, CU
b  AS, CI, CS,
CS, ST, NS
NS
c CI
CI,, CS,
CS, AS,
AS, NS,
NS, S
ST
T
d
43 6 Where are jetstreams normally located?
id 6659
a In areas of strong low pressure systems in the stratosphere
b At the tropopause
tropopause where intensified
intensified temperature
temperature gradients
gradients are located
located
c In a single continuous band, encircling the Earth, where there is a break between the equatorial and
polar tropopause
d
43 7 Which type clouds may be associated with the jetstream?
id 6660

a CB cloud line where the jetstream crosses the cold front

b CI clouds
clouds on the equatori
equatorial
al side of the
the jetstream
jetstream
c CS cloud band on the polar side and under the jetstream
d

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 65 of 207

 

43 8 Where do the maximum winds associated with the jetstream usually occur?
id 6661

a In the vicinity
vicinity of breaks in the tropopause on the polar side
side of the jet
jet core
b Below the jet core where a long straight stretch of the jetstream is located
c On the equatorial side of the jetstream where moisture has formed cirriform clouds
d

43 9 Where is the normal location of the jetstream relative to surface lows and fronts?
id 6667

a North
North of the surf
surface
ace systems
systems
b South of the low and warm front
c Over the low and crosses both the warm front and the cold front
d

44 0 Which type frontal system is normally crossed by the

t he jetstream?
id 6668

a Cold front and warm front

b Warm front
c Occl
Occlud
uded
ed fr
fron
ontt
d

44 1 When flying at FL 180 in the Northern Hemisphere you experience a right drift:
id 6733

a Your
Your T
TA
Addec
ecrea
reases
ses
b Your TA increases
c Your TA remains unchanged
d Not enough information is provided to determine the TA

44 2 When flying at FL 180 in the Northern Hemisphere you experience a left drift:
id 6734

a Your TA decreases
b Your
Your TA iinc
ncrea
rease
ses
s
c Your TA remains unchanged
d Not enough information is provided to determine the TA

44 3 In a warm front, a freezing level of 10'000 ft in the warm air and 2000 ft in the cold
id 6758 air is observed. Where is the probability for FZRA the lowest?
a 5000 ft
b 12
12'0
'000
00 ft
c 10'000 ft
d 1000 ft

44 4 What can be said about a wind speed of 350 KT in a jetstream?

id 6792

a It iis
s possi
possible
ble,, but
but ra
rare
re
b It is impossible
c  A wind speed
speed of
of 350 KT is
is common
common
d It is only possible in a subtropical jetstream

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 66 of 207

 

44 5  A warm front is approac

approaching
hing an
an airport:
airport:
id 6795

a QFE and QNH

QNH d
decr
ecrea
ease
se
b QFE increases and QNH decreases
c QFE decreases and QNH increases
d QNH decreases, while QFE remains unchanged

44 6 Where do you encounter the strongest winds close to the ground?

id 6827

a In the transition
transition zone
zone bet
between
ween air masses
masses
b I a cold air mass
c  At a point distant
distant from the
the center of the
the occlusion
occlusion
d When a ridge is present

44 7 How is the weather in Bombay in early July influenced?

id 6837

a By SW mons
monsoo
oon
n
b By NE monsoon
c By the Harmattan
d By the trade winds

44 8 What clouds do you expect approximately 800 km ahead of a warm front?

id 6849

a CS
b  AC
c NS
d CU

44 9 The average slope of a warm front is approximately:

id 6896

a 1:150
b 1:250
c 1: 500
d 1:80

45 0 What is the geostrophic wind?

id 6922
a It blows along curved isobars, and is affected by Coriolis force and centrifugal force
b It blows parallel to straight isobars when there are no gradient forces present
c It blows along curved isobars when frictional forces are present
d It blows parallel
parallel to straight
straight isobars,
isobars, when no friction is present

45 1 State the altitude at which the core of the Arctic Jet Stream can be found:
id 6940

a 20000 ft
ft
b 30000 ft
c 40000 ft
d 50000 ft

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 67 of 207

 

45 2 State the altitude at which the core of the Subtropical Jet Stream can be found:
id 6941

a 20000 ft
b 30000 ft
c 40000 ft
ft
d 50000 ft

50.02.02.02. Relationship between isobars and wind

45 3 What characteristics will the surface winds have in an area where the isobars on
id 1177 the weather map are very close together?
a Strong and parallel to the isobars.
b Very weak but gusty and flowing across the isobars.
c Strong and flowing
flowing across
across the isobars.
isobars.
d Moderate and parallel to the isobars.
45 4 Select the true statement concerning isobars and wind flow patterns around high-
id 2253 and low-pressure systems that are shown on a surface weather chart.
a When the isobars are close together,
together, the pressure gradient force iis
s greater and wind
velocities are stronger.
b Surface winds flow perpendicular to the isobars.
c Isobars connect contour lines of equal temperature.

d When the isobars are far apart, crest of standing waves may be marked by stationary lenticular
clouds.
45 5 Where are you likely to find the strongest winds close to the ground?
id 2434

a  At the centre

centre of a high-pressu
high-pressure
re syste
system
m
b  At the centre
centre of a low-pressur
low-pressure
e system
c In the transiti
transition
on zone betwee
between
n two air
air masses
masses
d Where there is little variation in pressure over a large area during the winter months

45 6 The greater the pressure gradient the

id 3812

a further the isobars will be apart and the weaker the wind
b closer the
the isobars
isobars and the stronger
stronger the wind

c closer the isobars and the lower the temperatures

d further the isobars will be apart and the higher the temperature

45 7 When isobars, for an area in the mid-latitudes on a weather map, are close
id 3813 together, the wind is most likely to be
a strong
b blowing perpendicular to the isobars
c changing direction rapidly
d light

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 68 of 207

 

45 8 Which of the following is true concerning an aircraft that is flying at FL180 in the
id 4143 northern hemisphere, where wind is geostrophic and the true altitude remains
constant ?
a There is a cross wind from the right
b There is a cross wind from the left
c There
There iis
s no cro
cross
ss wind
wind
d Without knowing temperature at FL 180 this question can not be answered
45 9  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying on
on a constant
constant heading
heading with left
left drift in the northern
northern hemisph
hemisphere,
ere,
id 6627 maintaining a constant indicated pressure altitude. Which of the following is true?
a It is likely
likely to be climbin
climbing
g relat
relative
ive to the
the surface
surface
b It is likely to be maintaining a constant distance relative to the surface
c It is likely to be descending relative to the surface
d

50.02.02.03. Effects of convergence and divergence

46 0 In an area of converging air 
id 3821

a clouds can not be formed

b convective clouds can be dissolved
c stratified clouds can be dissolved

d clouds
clouds can be form
formed
ed
46 1 Divergence in the upper air results, near the surface, in
id 3828

a falling pressure and likely dissipation of clouds

b rising pressure and likely formation of clouds
c rising pressure and likely dissipation of clouds
d falling
falling pressure
pressure and likely
likely formati
formation
on of cloud
clouds
s

46 2 In a low pressure system the convergence at the surface is caused by

id 3840

a the inbalance of the horizontal gradient force and the Coriolis force
b centripetal forces
c fri
fricti
ctiona
onall for
forces
ces
d the curvature of the isobars

50.02.03. General circulation

50.02.03.01. General circulation around the globe
46 3 Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the subtropical high-pressure
id 2436 belt ?
a 55° - 75°.
b 10° - 15°.
c 35° - 55°.
d 25
25°° - 35°.
35°.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 69 of 207

 

46 4 Between which latitudes are you most likely to find the region of travelling low
id 2437 pressure systems ?
a 35° - 55°
b 55°
55° - 75°
c 25° - 35°
d 10° - 15°

46 5 In the central part of the Atlantic Ocean between 10°N and 20°N the prevailing
id 4148 winds are
a NE monsoon in winter and SW monsoon in summer 
b NE tra
trade
de win
winds
ds
c SE trade winds
d SW winds throughout the whole year 
46 6  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal system of world
world wind circulation,
circulation, the
the SE trade
id 4978 winds are applicable to zone
a w
b t
c u
d v
46 7  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal system of world climatic
climatic and wind
wind circulation, zone
id 4979
"t" is an area of 
a NE trade winds
b SE trade winds
c travelling low pressure systems
d subtropica
subtropicall high
high pressure
pressure syste
systems
ms

46 8  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal
zonal system
system of world
world wind circulation
circulation the travelling
travelling low
id 4980 pressure systems are applicable to zone
a u and w
b t only
c t and x
d s and y
46 9 Considering Melbourne (C) in July, the weather is predominantly influenced by the
id 4981 zone of 
a equatorial low pressure due to the proximity of the intertropica
intertropicall convergence zone over central
 Australia
ustralia
b antarctic high pressure due to the absence of any protective land mass between south Australia and
 Antarctica
c disturbed temperate low pressure, bringing an almost continuous succession of fronts resulting in
strong winds, low cloud and rain
d subtropical high
high pressure, with the occasional
occasional passage
passage of fronts originating
originating in the adjacent
zone of disturbed temperate low pressure
47 0  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal system of world climatic
climatic and wind
wind circulation, zone
id 4982 "y" is an area of 
a SE trade winds
b NE trade winds
c travelli
travelling
ng low pressure
pressure syste
systems
ms
d subtropical high pressure systems

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 70 of 207

 

47 1  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal
zonal system of
of world wind
wind circulation,
circulation, the NE
NE trade
id 4983 winds are applicable to zone
a u
b t
c v
d w

47 2  Assuming a generalised
generalised zonal system of world climatic
climatic and wind
wind circulation, zone
id 4984 "u" is in area of 
a SW trade winds
b travelling depressions
c NE tr
trad
ade
e win
winds
ds
d subtropical high pressure
47 3 When a cold front has passed over an airfield, the wind will:
id 6438

a "reverse".
b "v
"ve
eer
er"
".
c not change.
d become laminar.

47 4 Bad weather usually follows a low pressure because there will be:
id 6439

a Convergence.
b Divergence.
c Convergence
Convergence with
with lifting
lifting of air masses
masses in a deeper layer.
layer.
d  A sinking of the air masses.
masses.

47 5 What is meant by an area of divergence?

id 6448

a  An area
area where
where air
air mas
masses
ses are
are mo
movin
ving
g in
b An area where air
air masses
masses are moving out
c  A frontal
frontal zone
zone..
d  A high press
pressure
ure area
area

47 6 What is the cloud-type sequence most likely to be associated with the passage of
id 6566 a cold front?
a CU/CB, NS and low ST
b SC/CB, and BKN ST
c CU/C
CU/CB,
B, Is
Isol
ol CU
d

47 7 Within a depression, two air masses meet so that a cold front is formed. In relation
id 6619 to a typical cold front:
a Warm air will
will be replaced
replaced by cold air, the frontal
frontal slope
slope will be around 1:80
b Cold air will be replaced by warm air, the frontal slope will be around 1:80
c Warm air will be replaced by cold air, the frontal slope will be around 1:150
d

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 71 of 207

 

47 8 Name the jetstream(s) which appear all year round:

id 6793

a Subtropical
Subtropical and polar
polar front
front jetstre
jetstream
am
b Subtropical jetstream only
c Polar front jetstream only
d  Arctical jetstream
jetstream

47 9 The ITCZ affects

id 6796

a West Africa between

between 10° and 30° N, and the
the north coasts of the Arabian Sea
b East Africa between 10° and 20° N
c West Africa between 10° and 30° N only
d The entire African continent

48 0 What can be said about showers at a cold front?

id 6825

a Unstab
Unstable
le a
air
ir is
is prese
present
nt
b They occur mostly in stable air 
c It is a sign for a cold occlusion
d NS clouds are present

48 1 Refer to the chart: State the average wind for the route Zurich-Hamburg, FL 260:
id 6859

a 20015KT
b 02020KT
c 23020KT
d 26025KT

48 2 Refer to the chart: State the average temperature for the route Zurich-Lissabon, FL
id 6860 200:
a -33°C
b -30°C
c -41°C
d -49°C
48 3 Refer to the chart: State the height of the -40°C isotherm over Stockholm:
id 6861
a FL 410
b FL 230
c FL 390
d FL 250

48 4 Which upper level chart do you use when preparing a flight at a cruising altitude of
id 6862 FL 170?
a 500 hPa
b 850 hPa
c 700 hPa
d 300 hPa

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 72 of 207

 

48 5 Refer to the chart: State the average wind for the route Athens-Geneva, FL 160:
id 6863

a 05035KT
b 26040KT
c 21025KT
d 23040KT

48 6 Refer to the chart: State the average temperature for the route Athens-Geneva, FL
id 6864 150:
a -21°C
b -14°C
c -27°C
d -11°C
48 7 Refer to the chart: State the air temperature and the deviation to ISA over
id 6865 Copenhagen at FL 140:
a 8°C colder
colder than
than ISA
ISA
b 4°C warmer than ISA
c 8°C warmer than ISA
d 12°C colder than ISA
48 8 Refer to the chart: State the average wind for the route Zurich-Rome, FL 110:
id
6866
a 23015KT
b 20030KT
c 04010KT
d 25020KT

48 9 Refer to the chart: State the average air temperature for the route Zurich-Rome, FL
id 6867 110:
a -06°C
b -09°C
c -12°C
d +05°C
49 0 Refer to the chart: State the height of the freezing level over Shannon by applying
id 6868 the common vertical temperature gradient:
a FL 140
b FL 120
c FL 60
d FL 20

49 1 Refer to the chart: State the average wind for the route Frankfurt-Rome, FL 170:
id 6869

a 20050KT
b 23040KT
c 06050KT
d 03035KT

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 73 of 207

 

49 2 Refer to the chart: State the height of the freezing level over Tunis, considering the
id 6870 common vertical temperature gradient:
a FL 260
b FL 180
c FL 100
d FL 20

49 3 Refer to the chart: What is the average temperature deviation from ISA for the
id 6871 route Frankfurt-Rome?
a 10°C colder than ISA
b 10°C warmer than ISA
c 4°C colder
colder than
than ISA
ISA
d 4°C warmer than ISA
49 4 Refer to the chart: What is the average temperature for the route Geneva-
id 6872 Stockholm, FL 260:
a -55°C
b -51°C
c -63°C
d -47°C
49 5 Refer to the chart: What is the average wind for the route Shannon-Lisbon, FL 290:
id
6873
a 36080KT
b 03070KT
c 19075KT
d 34090KT

49 6 The average slope of a cold front is approximately:

id 6897

a 1:150
b 1:250
c 1: 500
d 1:80

50.02.04. Turbulence
50.02.04.01. Turbulence and gustiness, types of turbs
49 7 Which degree of aircraft turbulence is determined by the following ICAO
id 1180 description? "There may be moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude
but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times. Usually, small variations in
air speed. Changes in accelerometer readings of 0.5 to 1.0 g at the aircraft's
center of gravity. Occupants feel strain against seat belts. Loose
a Severe.
b Light.
c Mode
Modera
rate
te..
d Violent.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 74 of 207

 

49 8  All pilots
pilots encoun
encountering
tering Clear Air Turbule
Turbulence
nce are
are requested
requested to report
report it. You
You
id 2559 experience CAT which causes passengers and crew to feel definite strain against
their seat belt or shoulders straps. Unsecured objects are dislodged. Food service
and walking are difficult. This intensity of CAT should be reported as
a light
b mod
moderate
rate
c severe
d extreme

49 9 On a weather chart an occlusion is indicated by a coloured line of:

id 6449

a Violet.
b Yellow.
c Black.
d Green.

50 0 On a weather chart fog is indicated by:

id 6476

a Yellow
Yellow colour
colour or
or hori
horizont
zontal
al li
lines.
nes.
b Green colour.
c Blue colour.
d Green comma sign.

50 1 You cross a jet stream 2500 ft below the core at a right angle over Western
id 6826 Europe. While crossing, the temperature is increasing. What wind direction do you
encounter?
a Wind
Wind from
from the right
right
b Wind from the left
c Information insufficient to determine wind direction
d Calm winds
50 2 Which of the following symbols show a hazard for IFR flights, according to ICAO?
id 6928

a  A
b  A, B
c C
d C, D

50 3 Which of the following symbols show a hazard for IFR flights, according to ICAO?
id 6929

a A
b  A, B
c C
d C, D

50 4 Which of the following symbols show a hazard for IFR flights, according to ICAO?
id 6930

a  A
b  A, B

c  A, C
d D

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50 5 Which of the following symbols show a hazard for IFR flights, according to ICAO?
id 6931

a  A, C
b B
c  A, D
d C

50.02.04.02. Origin and location of turbulence

50 6 What degree of turbulence, if any, is likely to be encountered while flying through a
id 1203 cold front in the summer over Central Europe at FL 100?
a Moderate turbulence in NS cloud.
b Severe turbulence
turbulence in CB
CB cl
cloud.
oud.
c Light turbulence in CB cloud.
d Light turbulence in ST cloud.
50 7 Which cloud type may indicate the presence of severe turbulence ?
id 2090

a Altocumul
Altocumulus
us lent
lenticul
icularis
aris
b Stratocumulus
c Cirrocumulus
d Nimbostratus

50 8 Fair weather cumulus often is an indication of 

id 3824

a a high risk of thunderstorms

b poor visibility at surface
c smooth flying conditions below the cloud level
d turbulen
turbulence
ce at and below
below the cloud
cloud level
level

50 9 On a clear summer day, turbulence caused by solar heating is most pronounced

id 4121

a immediately after sunset

b during
during the earl
early
y aftern
afternoon
oon
c during early morning hours before sunrise
d about midmorning

50.02.05. Variation of wind with height

50.02.05.01. Variation of wind in the friction layer 
51 0 Generally northern hemisphere winds at 5000 FT/AGL are southwesterly while
id 1186 most of the surface winds are southerly. What is the primary reason of difference
between these two wind directions?
a The influence of warm air at the lower altitude.
b  A strong pressur
pressure
e gradient
gradient at higher
higher altitudes.
altitudes.
c Stronger Coriolis force at the surface.
d Friction
Friction betwe
between
en the wind
wind and the surface.
surface.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 76 of 207

 

51 1 Friction between the air and the ground results in the northern hemisphere in:
id 1187

a backing of the wind and increase of wind speed at the surface.

b veering of the wind and decrease of wind speed at the surface.
c backing
backing of the wind and
and decrease
decrease of wind
wind speed at the surface
surface..
d veering of the wind and increase of wind speed at the surface.

51 2 You are flying at 2 500 FT/AGL, with a southerly wind, and intend to land at an
id 1204 airport, at sea level directly below. From approximately which direction would you
expect the surface wind (mid-latitude, northern hemisphere)?
a South.
b South-southwest.
c Southwest.
d South
South-s
-sout
outhe
heas
ast.
t.
51 3 In the lower layers of the atmosphere due to friction the wind changes direction
id 2084 towards the low pressure area because :
a turbulence is formed and pressure decreases
b the pressure gradient increases
c turbulence is formed and pressure increases
d wind speed
speed decreases
decreases and therefore
therefore coriolis
coriolis force decreases
decreases

51
id
4
2247 What causes
parallel to the surface winds to flow across the isobars at an angle rather than
isobars ?
a Coriolis force
b Surfac
Surface
e fri
fricti
ction
on
c Greater density of the air at the surface
d Greater atmospheric pressure at the surface
51 5 If Paris reports a wind of 19015KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you
id 2439 expect to encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground ?
a 16020KT
b 22030KT
c 25025KT
d 22010KT

51 6 If Paris reports a wind of 08010KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you
id 2440 expect to encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground ?
a 11020KT
b 08015KT
c 05020KT
d 08005KT

51 7 If Paris reports a wind of 16020KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you
id 2441 expect to encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground?
a 14020KT
b 16030KT
c 19040KT
d 17015KT

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 77 of 207

 

51 8 If Paris reports a wind of 30012KT on the METAR, what wind velocity would you
id 2442 expect to encounter at a height of 2000 feet above the ground ?
a 30025KT
b 23030KT
c 33025KT
d 27020KT

51 9 In the northern hemisphere a pilot flying at 1000 FT/AGL directly towards the centre
id 3814 of a low pressure area, will find the wind blowing from
a about 45 degrees to the right of directly ahead
b right and behind
c le
left
ft and
and beh
behin
ind
d
d directly ahead
52 0 In the northern hemisphere the wind at the surface blows
id 3815

a from a low pressure area to a high pressure area

b counter-cloc
counter-clockwise
kwise around,
around, and toward
toward the centre of, a low pressure
pressure area
c clockwise around, and away from the centre of, a low pressure area
d counter-clockwise around, and away from the centre of, a high pressure area.

52 1 During a descent from 2000 FT above the surface to the surface (no frontal
id
3817 passage) the wind normally
a backs
backs and decrea
decreases
ses
b veers and increases
c backs and increases
d veers and decreases

52 2 What relationship exists between the wind at 3000 feet and the surface wind?
id 3825

a The surface wind is veered compared to the wind at 3000 feet and is usually weaker.
b They have the same direction, but the surface wind is weaker, caused by friction
c They are practically the same, except when eddies exist, caused by obstacles
d The wind at 3000 feet
feet is paralle
parallell to the isohypses
isohypses and the surface wind
wind direction
direction is across
the isobars toward the low pressure and the surface wind is weaker.

52 3 The vertical extent of the friction layer depends primarily on

id 3833

a roughness of surface, temperature, local time

b wind speed, roughness of surface, temperature
c stability,
stability, wind
wind speed,
speed, roughnes
roughness
s of surface
surface
d temperature, local time, environmental lapse rate

52 4 During periods of prolonged clear skies associated with anticyclonic conditions, the
id 3834

a surface wind speed tends to be highest

highest during the
the early afternoon
afternoon
b surface wind speed tends to be highest at night
c angle between isobars and surface wind direction tends to be greatest in the early afternoon
d wind tends to back from early morning until early afternoon

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 78 of 207

 

52 5 In the northern hemisphere the gradient wind of a cyclonic pressure distribution is

id 4985 350/24, over the sea the surface wind would approximate
a 340/20
b 030/20
c 340/28
d 030/28

52 6 In the northern hemisphere with an anticyclonic pressure system the geostrophic

id 4986 wind at 2000 FT over the sea is 060/15. At the same position the surface wind is
most likely to be
a 060/12
b 045/12
c 060/18
d 075/12
52 7 Severe turbulence is associated with a jetstream:
id 6530

a At the
the low
low pressure
pressure side.
side.
b  At the high
high pressure
pressure side.
side.
c In the core of the jetstream.
d Underneath the core of the jetstream.

52
id
8
6636 Which of the following is most likely to occur after passage of a cold front?
a  A fall in
in pressure
pressure,, a fall in
in temperat
temperature
ure and
and dew point
point
b A rise in pressure
pressure,, a fall in temperature
temperature and dew
dew point
point
c  A rise in press
pressure,
ure, a fall
fall in temper
temperature
ature and
and a rise in
in dew point
point
d

52 9 What is the easterly wave?

id 6813

a A wave in the
the trade wind belt, moving from east to west, with severe convective activity in
in
the rear of its trough
b  A wave in the
the moderate
moderate latitudes,
latitudes, moving
moving from
from east to
to west, with
with mos
mostly
tly sta
stable
ble air iin
n the rear of its
its
trough
c  An orographi
orographic-in
c-induce
duced
d wave,
wave, moving
moving to the east,
east, in moderate
moderate latit
latitudes
udes
d  A wave in
in the trade
trade wind
wind belt,
belt, moving
moving to the
the east,
east, with
with severe
severe convect
convective
ive ac
action
tion iin
n the re
rear
ar of its
its
trough

50.02.05.02. Variation of the wind caused by fronts

53 0  At the approach
approach of a warm
warm front (northern
(northern hemisphere
hemisphere)) the wind direction changes
id 3831 from the surface up to the tropopause. The effect of this change is that the wind
a veers in the friction layer and backs above the friction layer 
b backs in the friction layer and veers above the friction layer 
c veers in the friction
friction layer
layer and vee
veers
rs above the
the friction
friction layer 
d backs in the friction layer and and backs above the friction layer 

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 79 of 207

 

50.02.06. Local winds

50.02.06.01. Anabatic and catabatic winds
53 1 In a land- and sea-breeze circulation the land-breeze blows :
id 1183

a during the day and is stronger than the sea-breeze.

b during the
the night and
and is weaker
weaker than
than the sea-breez
sea-breeze.
e.
c during the day and is weaker than the sea-breeze.

d during the night and is stronger than the sea-breeze.

53 2  A high pressure
pressure area
area (shallow
(shallow pressure
pressure gradient)
gradient) covers
covers an area
area of the
id 1184 Mediterranean Sea and its nearby airport. What surface wind direction is likely at
the airport on a sunny afternoon?
a Parallel to the coastline.
b Land to sea.
c Variable.
d Se
Sea
a tto
o llan
and.
d.
53 3  A mountain
mountain breeze
breeze (katabatic
(katabatic wind)
wind) blows
blows
id 1185

a down the slope

slope duri
during
ng th
the
e night.
night.
b up the slope during the day.
c down the slope during the day.
d up the slope during the night.

53 4 The most frequent wind direction in a valley caused by thermal effects is toward
id 2085 the :
a valley during daylight hours.
b mountain at night.
c mountai
mountain
n duri
during
ng daylig
daylight
ht hours.
hours.
d valley during daylight as much as at night.

53 5 Which of the following is true of a land breeze?

id 2443

a It blows
blows from
from land
land to
to water 
water 
b It blows from water to land
c It blows by day
d It blows only at noon

53 6  An aircraft
aircraft is approachi
approaching
ng under
under visual flight rules
rules an airfield
airfield whose runway
runway is
id 2444 parallel to the coast. When downwind over the sea, the airfield is on the right. What
wind effect should be anticipated on final approach and landing during a sunny
afternoon?
a Crosswind from the left
b Crossw
Crosswind
ind from
from tthe
he right
right
c Tailwind
d Headwind

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 80 of 207

 

53 7  An aircraft
aircraft is approachi
approaching
ng under
under visual flight rules
rules an airfield
airfield whose runway
runway is
id 2445 parallel to the coast. When downwind over the sea, the airfield is on the left. What
wind effect should be anticipated on final approach and landing during a sunny
afternoon ?
a Crossw
Crosswind
ind fro
from
m th
the
e left
left
b Crosswind from the right
c Tailwind
d Headwind
53 8 When otherwise calm and clear conditions exist a station on the shore of a large
id 3811 body of water will experience wind
a continually from land to water 
b from the water
water in daytime
daytime and
and from the
the land at
at night
c continually from water to the land
d from the land in daytime and from the water at night

53 9 The sea breeze is a wind from the sea

id 3819

a blowing at night in mid-latitudes

b that reaches up to the tropopause in daytime
c occurring
occurring only in the
the lower layers
layers of the atmosph
atmosphere
ere in daytime
daytime
d occurring only in mid-latitudes and in daytime

54 0 In a mountain-valley wind circulation, the mountain wind blows

id 3830

a during the day up from the valley

b at night up from the valley
c during the day down from the mountains
d at night
night down
down from
from the mountains
mountains

54 1 Which type wind flows downslope becoming warmer and dryer?

id 6671

a Land breeze
b Valley wind
c Kata
Kataba
bati
tic
c wi
wind
nd

d
50.02.07. Jet streams
50.02.07.01. Origin of jet streams
54 2 What is the main cause for the formation of a polar front jet stream?
id 1501

a The varied elevations of the tropopause in the polar front region

b The pressure difference, close to the ground, between a high over the Azores and a low over Iceland
c The north-south
north-south horizonta
horizontall temperature
temperature gradient
gradient at the polar front
d Strong winds in the upper atmosphere

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 81 of 207

 

54 3 Which jetstream is more or less found continuously around the Earth?

id 6538

a The polar front jetstream.

b The artic front jetstream.
c The subtropic
subtropical
al jetstrea
jetstream.
m.
d The equatorial jetstream.

50.02.07.02. Description and location of jet streams

54 4  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying through
through the
the polar front jet
jet stream from south
south to north,
north, beneath
beneath
id 720 the core. How would the OAT change, in the northern hemisphere, during this
portion of the flight?
a It first increases, then decreases.
b It increases.
c It de
decr
crea
ease
ses.
s.
d It remains constant.
54 5 What is the minimum speed for a wind to be classified as a jet stream?
id 1284

a 70 kt.
b 50 kt.
c 60 kt.

d 100 kt.
54 6  A wind sounding
sounding in the region
region of
of a pol
polar
ar front
front jet stream
stream gives
gives the
the following
following
id 1285 windprofile (Northern hemisphere).
hemisphere). 900hPa 220/20kt 800hPa 220/25kt 700hPa
230/35kt 500hPa 260/60kt 400hPa 280/85kt 300hPa 300hPa 300/100kt
300/100kt 250hPa 310/120kt
200hPa 310/80kt Which system is the jet stream associated with?
a With an easterly wave.
b With a cold front.
c With a ITCZ.
d With
With a war
warm
m fron
front.
t.
54 7 Which jet stream is connected with a surface front system?
id 1502

a The arctic jet stream

b The pola
polarr fro
front
nt jet
jet stream
stream
c The subtropical jet stream
d The equatorial jet stream

54 8 What is the approximate ratio between height and width for a jet stream cross
id 1920 section?
a 1/1000
b 1/1
c 1/10
d 1/100

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54 9  An aircraft
aircraft is flying
flying from
from south to north,
north, above the polar
polar front
front jet stream,
stream, at FL 400
id 1923 in the southern hemisphere. What change, if any, in temperature will be
experienced ?
a It stays the same.
b It rises.
c It fa
fallls
ls..
d It falls and then rises.
55 0  A wind speed
speed of 350
350 kt within
within a jet stream
stream core should be
be world-wide
world-wide regarded
regarded as:
as:
id 1924

a a common occurence.
b not possible.
c possible
possible but
but a very
very rare phenomenon
phenomenon..
d not unusual in polar regions.

55 1  An aircraft over Western Europe is crossing a jet stream 2500 FT below its core
core at
id 1928 right angles. While crossing, the outside temperature is increasing. The prevailing
wind is
a headwind.
b from the left.
c tailwind.
d fr
from
om the
the rig
right
ht
55 2 Where, as a general rule, is the core of the polar front jet stream to be found?
id 1950

a Just below the cold-air tropopause.

b In the cold air mass.
c Just above the warm-air tropopause.
d In the
the warm
warm ai
airr mass
mass..

55 3 You cross a jet stream in horizontal flight at approximately right angles. While
id 1952 crossing, in spite of a strong wind of 120 kt, you notice the temperature barely
changes.
a You assume the front associated with the jet stream to be very weak with practically no temperature
difference between the two airmasses.
b This phenomenon
phenomenon is absolutely
absolutely normal as you are crossing
crossing the jet
jet core.
c Since the result of such readings seems impossible, you will after landing have the instruments
tested.
d This phenomenon does not surprise you at all, since normally no large temperature differences are
possible at these heights.
55 4 What jet streams are likely to be crossed during a flight from Stockholm to Rio de
id 1986 Janeiro (23°S) at FL 350 in July ?
a  A polar front
front jet stream
stream followed
followed by
by a subtropica
subtropicall jet stream
stream and later,
later, a seco
second
nd polar ffront
ront jet stream
stream..
b  A subtropical
subtropical jet
jet stream fo
follow
llowed
ed by a polar front
front jet stream.
stream.
c A polar front
front jet stream
stream followed by one or two
two subtropical
subtropical jet streams.
streams.
d One subtropical jet stream.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 83 of 207

 

55 5 While crossing a jet stream at right angles in Western Europe (3000 FT below its
id 1987 core) and OAT is decreasing, what would be the prevailing wind?
a  A headwi
headwind.
nd.
b Crosswind from the right
c Crossw
Crosswind
ind fro
from
m th
the
e left
left
d  A tailwin
tailwind.
d.

55 6 Where, in central Europe, are the highest wind speeds to be found ?

id 2438

a  At about 5500

5500 metres
metres altitude
altitude
b Just
Just below
below the tropo
tropopau
pause
se
c Close to the ground
d In the stratosphere
stratosphere

55 7 Which of the following statements concerning jet streams is correct?

id 4132

a In the northern
northern hemisphere both westerly and easterly jet streams occur 
b In the northern hemisphere only westerly jet streams occur 
c In the southern hemisphere no jet streams occur 
d In the southern hemisphere only easterly jet streams occur 

55 8 Which of the following statements concerning the core of a polar front jet stream is
id
4144 correct ?
a It lies in the warm air; its pressure surfaces are horizontal at the height of the core
b It and its surface projection lie in the warm air 
c It lies at a height
height where there is no horizonta
horizontall temperature
temperature gradient;
gradient; the slope of th
the
e
pressure surfaces at the height of the core is at its maximum
d It lies in the cold air; the thermal wind reverses direction at the height of the core
55 9 On a particular day part of a polar front jet stream runs from north to south in the
id 4145 northern hemisphere. This means that
a above the core of the jet the horizontal temperature gradient runs from north to south
b the polar air is on the eastern side and above the core of the jet
c below the core of the jet the horizontal temperature gradient runs from north to south
d the polar air
air is below
below and to the
the east of the
the core of the
the jet

50.02.07.03. Names, heights and seasonal occurrence

56 0 What name is given to the jet stream lying across India (A) ?
id 719

a Polar front jet stream.

b Equato
Equatoria
riall jet stre
stream.
am.
c  Arctic jet stream.
d Sub-tropical jet stream.

56 1  At approximate
approximately
ly what
what altitude
altitude is the subtropical
subtropical jet
jet stream found over
over Europe?
Europe?
id 1503

a FL 500
b FL 200
c FL300
d FL 400

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56 2 What name is given to the jet stream lying over North Africa (B) ?
id 1595

a Polar front jet stream

b Equatorial jet stream
c Sub-tr
Sub-tropi
opical
cal jet
jet strea
stream
m
d  Arctic jet stream

56 3 What is the average height of the arctic jet stream core?

id 1919

a 30000 FT.
b 2000
20000
0 FT
FT .
c 40000 FT.
d 50000 FT.

56 4 Which jet stream blows all year round, over the northern hemisphere?
id 1921

a The arctic jet stream.

b The polar night jet stream.
c The equatorial jet stream.
d The subtro
subtropica
picall jet
jet stream
stream..

56 5 What is the average height of the jet core within a polar front jet stream?
id 1922
a 50000 FT.
b 20000 FT.
c 40000 FT.
d 3000
30000
0 FT
FT..

56 6 In the month of August you prepare a flight (cruising level FL 370) from Bombay
id 1930 (19°N - 73°E) to Bangkok (13°N - 100°E). What wind conditions can you expect?
a Light winds diagonal to the route.
b Head
Headwi
wind
nds.
s.
c Tailwinds.
d Strong northerly winds.
56 7 What is the most significant difference between an equatorial jet stream and all the
id 1931 other jet streams ?
a Horizontal dimension.
b Vertical dimension.
c Wi
Wind
nd di
dire
rect
ctio
ion.
n.
d Windspeed.

56 8 Which of the following types of jet streams can be observed all year round?
id 1932

a Equatorial jet stream / arctic jet stream.

b Equatorial jet stream / polar front jet stream.
c  Arctic jet stream / subtropical jet stream.
d Subtropical
Subtropical jet
jet stream / polar
polar front
front jet stream.
stream.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 85 of 207

 

56 9 During the winter months in mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere, the polar
id 2246 front jetstream moves toward the
a south and speed decreases
b north and speed decreases
c south
south and
and speed
speed increase
increases
s
d north and speed increases

57 0 The equatorial easterly jet is a jetstream that occurs :

id 2558

a only in the summer

summer of the norther
northern
n hemisphere
hemisphere at approx.
approx. 45 000
000 FT
b only in the winter of the northern hemisphere at approx. 30 000 FT
c during the whole year in the southern hemisphere
d during the whole year in the northern hemisphere

57 1 Most strong air currents at higher levels (jet streams) have a westerly direction.
id 3855 There is, however, an important easterly jet stream. When and where is it likely to
be encountered ?
a In winter along the Russian coast facing the Arctic ocean.
b In summer from south-east Asia
Asia extending
extending over southern
southern India to central Afri
Africa.
ca.
c In summer from the Middle East extending over the southern part of the Mediterranean to southern
Spain.
d Throughout the year to the south of the Azorian high.

50.02.07.04. Jet stream recognition

57 2 The jetstream and associated clear air turbulence can sometimes be visually
id 2245 identified in flight by
a a constant outside air temperature
b dust or haze at high level
c long
long streaks
streaks of
of cirrus
cirrus cloud
clouds.
s.
d a high-pressure centre at high level

50.02.07.05. CAT: cause, location and forecasting

57 3 In which zone of a jet stream is the strongest CAT to be expected ?
id 1283

a  About
bout 1200
12000
0 FT ab
above
ove the
the core.
core.
b The warm air side of the core.
c Exactly in the center of the core.
d The cold
cold a
air
ir si
side
de of the core.
core.

57 4 Which area of a polar front jet stream in the northern hemisphere has the highest
id 1989 probability of turbulence?
a Looking
Looking downstream,
downstream, tthe
he area to
to the left
left of the core.
core.
b Looking downstream, the area to the right of the core.
c In the core of the jet stream.
d  Above
bove the core
core iin
n the b
bound
oundary
ary betw
between
een warm
warm and
and co
cold
ld air.
air.

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57 5 Under which of the following conditions is the most severe CAT likely to be
id 4133 experienced ?
a  A jet stream,
stream, with great spacing
spacing between
between the isother
isotherms
ms
b A curved
curved jet strea
stream
m near a deep trough
c  A westerly jet
jet stream at low latitudes
latitudes in the summer 
summer 
d  A straight
straight jet s
stream
tream near
near a low pressur
pressure
e area

50.02.08. Standing waves

50.02.08.01. Origin of standing waves
57 6 Which of the following conditions are most favourable to the formation of mountain
id 2243 waves ?
a Moist unstable air at mountain top and wind of less than 5 knots blowing across the mountain ridge.
b Unstable air at mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the mountain ridge.
c Either stable or unstable air at mountain top and a wind of at least 30 knots blowing parallel to the
mountain ridge.
d Stable air at mountain
mountain top altitude and a wind at least 20 knots blowing across the
mountain ridge.
57 7  At the top of orographic
orographic waves,
waves, in mountainous
mountainous regions
regions,, the cloud
cloud most
most likely to be
id 5558 encountered is
a altocum
altocumulu
ulus
s lent
lenticu
icular
laris.
is.

b cirrostratus.
c cirrus.
d cumulus mediocris.

50.02. WIND 2002/12/22 Page 87 of 207

 

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS
50.03.01. Humidity
50.03.01.01. Water vapour in the atmosphere
57 8 What of the following is the most important constituent in the atmosphere from a
id 3597 weather stand-point ?
a Nitrogen
b Wate
Waterr vapo
vapour 
ur 
c Oxygen
d Hydrogen

57 9 Relative humidity relates to

id 6399

a the amount of water vapor present in warm air compared to cold air.
b actual water vapor present to what could be present.
c the degree of saturation.
d bo
both
th b and
and c.

58 0 Unsaturated air moving downwards is heated at a certain rate of temperature

id 6405 change, called:
a Dr
Dry
y adia
adiaba
bati
tic.
c.
b Chinook wind.
c Saturated adiabatic.
d  Ambient
mbient lapse
lapse rate.
58 1 Hazardous wind shear is encountered near the ground
id 6431

a during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots.

b during periods when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots and near mountain valleys.
c during periods
periods of strong
strong temperature
temperature inversion
inversion and near
near thunde
thunderstorms.
rstorms.
d near mountain valleys and on the windward side of hills or mountains.

58 2 The inland climate is characterized by:

id 6440

a a cold
cold winter
winter and
and a warm
warm summe
summer.
r.
b a warm winter and a cold summer.
c a dry winter and a wet summer.
d a wet winter and a dry summer.

58 3 The formation of a thermal low pressure is by:

id 6502

a  Advect
dvection
ion of
of warm
warm air.
air.
b  Advecti
dvection
on of cold
cold a
air.
ir.
c  A dynamic effect.
effect.
d A temperature
temperature rise in an
an area in relation
relation to the environme
environment.
nt.

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 88 of 207

 

58 4 "Instability" low pressure means:

id 6509

a  A lee low.
low.
b Orographic low pressure containing condensation heat.
c Cold low pressure.
d A low pressure receiving
receiving energy from released condensation heat.

58 5 Wind shear is experienced when:

id 6512

a The wind has been forecasted to be light and variable.

b Neither wind direction nor force changes at altitude.
c There is a ground inversion
inversion and strong
strong winds above
above the inversion
inversion layer.
layer.
d Gusts have been forecasted or reported.

58 6 List the characteristics of a typical coastal climate:

id 6519

a Warm summer and cold winter 

b Chilly
Chilly summe
summerr and mil
mild
d winter.
winter.
c Small amounts of precipitation.
d Stable weather.

58 7 Describe how a cold high pressure changes at altitude:

id 6526
a Strengthens.
b No change.
c Weakens
Weakens and may
may tra
transfer
nsfer into
into a low
low pressure.
pressure.
d Impossible to predict.

58 8 With decreasing temperature and unchanged dew point:

id 6547

a The relative humidity will decrease.

b Water vapor will decrease.
c Water vapor will increase.
d The relativ
relative
e humid
humidity
ity will
will increase.
increase.

58 9  As a parcel
parcel of air cools,
cools, its ability
ability to hold water vapour:
vapour:
id 6588

a Decr
Decrea
ease
ses
s
b Increases
c Remains unaltered
d Depends, whether the parcel is rising or not

59 0  As a parcel
parcel of air
air warms,
warms, its ability
ability to hold
hold water
water vapour:
vapour:
id 6589

a Decreases
b In
Incr
crea
ease
ses
s
c Remains unaltered
d Depends, whether the parcel is rising or not

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 89 of 207

 

59 1 Moist air is:

id 6612

a Denser than dry air 

b Warmer than dry air 
c Less
Less dense
dense than
than d
dry
ry air 
air 
d Colder than dry air 

59 2 Where is the usual location of a thermal low?

id 6649

a Over the arctic region

b Over the eye of a hurricane
c Over the
the surface
surface of
of a dry, sunny
sunny regi
region
on
d

59 3 Which process causes adiabatic cooling?

id 6670

a Expansio
Expansion
n of a
air
ir as it rises
rises
b Movement of air over a colder surface
c Release of latent heat during the vaporization process
d

59 4 What does this picture depict?

id 6772
a A westerly
westerly wave over Central
Central Eu
Europe
rope
b  A high
high pressu
pressure
re area
area over
over Centr
Central
al Europ
Europe
e
c South foehn
d North foehn

59 5 Where do the westerly waves occur in this picture?

id 6803

a In Cent
Central
ral Europ
Europe
e
b Over the North Sea
c In the Mediterranean Sea
d Over the Baltics

59 6 Where do the westerly waves occur in this picture?

id 6804

a In Central Europe
b Over
Over Scan
Scandi
dina
navi
via
a
c In the Mediterranean Sea
d Over the Baltics

59 7 Which statement is true for the lifting of an air parcel?

id 6853

a Unsaturate
Unsaturated
d parcels
parcels cool more rapidly
rapidly than
than saturated
saturated
b Saturated parcels cool more rapidly than unsaturated
c  An air parcel always
always cools
cools at the dry adiabatic
adiabatic lapse
lapse rate
d  A stable air
air mass must
must be present
present

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 90 of 207

 

59 8 Refer to the surface chart: Which weather situation can be expected during the day
id 6885 at Geneva airport?
a TAF LSGG 0716 05014KT 5000 OVC015 BECMG 0810 8000 BKN018 BECMG 1013 05015G30KT
9999 SCT025 =
b TAF LSGG 0716 23016KT
23016KT 8000 -RA BKN030 OVC070
OVC070 BECMG 0810
0810 5000 RA BKN020
BKN020 OVC050
TEMPO 3000 +RA BKN 010 OVC030 BECMG 1215 25014KT 8000 SCT 030 BKN090=
c TAF LSGG 0716 26012KT 9999 SCT030 BKN080 TEMPO 1013 25020G35KT 3000 TSRA BKN
030CB BECMG 1316 VRB02KT 3000 BCFG SCT100 =

d TAF LSGG 0716 VRB03KT 6000 BR SCT020 BECMG0811 23005KT 9999 SCT025TCU PROB40
TEMPO 1216 34012G30KT 3000 TSRA BKN020 CB=
59 9 Refer to the surface chart: Which weather situation can be expected during the day
id 6886 at Zurich airport?
a TAF LSZH 1601 05020G35KT 8000 BKN015 TEMPO 1720 05018KT 0300 +SHSN VV002=
b TAF LSZH 1601 23012KT 6000 RA BKN012 OVC030 TEMPO 2023 22025G40KT 1600 +SNRA
BKN003 OVC015 =
c TAF LSZH 1601 VRB02KT
VRB02KT 8000 SCT280
SCT280 BECMG 1618
1618 00000KT 3500
3500 MIFG BECMG 1820 1500
BCFG BECMG 2022 0100 FG VV001 =
d TAF LSZH 1601 32008KT 9999 SCT030TCU TEMPO 2201 32020G32KT 3000 TSRA BKN020CB =
60 0 In which of the following METARs is the probability the biggest for the formation of
id 6915 fog the following night?
a 1850Z 21003KT 8000 SCT250 12/M08 Q1028 NOSIG =
b 1850Z 06018G30KT 5000 OVC010 04/01 Q1024 NOSIG =
c 1850Z 15003K
15003KT
T 6000 SCT120
SCT120 05/04
05/04 Q1032
Q1032 BECMG 1600
1600 =
d 1850Z 25010KT 4000 RA BKN012 OBC030 12/10 Q1006 TEMPO 1500 =

50.03.01.02. Temperature/dewpoint, mixing ratio,

60 1 What does dewpoint mean?
id 1164

a The temperature at which ice melts.

b The temperature to which a mass of air must be
be cooled in order
order to reach satu
saturation.
ration.
c The freezing level (danger of icing).
d The temperature at which the relative humidity and saturation vapour pressure are the same.

60 2 Which of the following is the definition of relative humidity ?

id
1165
a Ratio between
between the actual
actual mixing
mixing ratio and th
the
e saturation
saturation mixing ratio
ratio X 100
b Ratio between air temperature and dewpoint temperature X 100
c Ratio between water vapour pressure and atmospheric pressure X 100
d Ratio between water vapour (g) and air (kg) X 100

60 3 The relative humidity of a sample air mass is 50%. How is the relative humidity of
id 1166 this air mass influenced by changes of the amount of water vapour in it?
a It is not influenced by changing water vapour.
b It increases
increases with
with increasi
increasing
ng wate
waterr vapour.
vapour.
c It decreases with increasing water vapour.
d It is only influenced by temperature.

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 91 of 207

 

60 4 Relative humidity
id 1167

a is not affected by temperature changes of the air.

b is not affected when air is ascending or descending.
c changes
changes when water vapour
vapour is added, even though
though the temperat
temperature
ure remains
remains constant.
constant.
d does not change when water vapour is added provided the temperature of the air remains constant.

60 5 How, if at all, is the relative humidity of an unsaturated airmass influenced by

id 1168
temperature changes?
a It increases with increasing temperature.
b It is not influenced by temperature changes.
c It decreases
decreases with increa
increasing
sing temperat
temperature.
ure.
d It is only influenced by the amount of water vapour.
60 6 How does relative humidity and the dewpoint in an unsaturated airmass change
id 1169 with varying temperature?
a When temperature decreases, the relative humidity and the dewpoint remain constant.
b When temperature increases, the relative humidity increases, and the dewpoint decreases.
c When temperature decreases, the relative humidity decreases, and the dewpoint increases.
d When temperature
temperature increases,
increases, the relative humidity
humidity decreases,
decreases, and the dewpoint remains
remains
constant.

60
id
7
1170
When a given mass of air descends, what effect will it have on relative humidity?
a It increases up to 100%, then remains stable.
b It increases.
c It remains constant.
d It dec
decre
reas
ases
es..

60 8 During the late afternoon an air temperature of +12°C and a dew point of +5°C
id 1171 were measured. What temperature change must occur during the night in order to
induce saturation?
a It must decrease to +6°C.
b It must decrease by 5°C.
c It must
must dec
decrea
rease
se tto
o +5°C.
+5°C.

d It must decrease to +7°C.

60 9 Which of the following statements is true of the dew point of an air mass?
id 2446

a It can be used to estimate the air mass's relative humidity even if the air temperature is unknown
b It can be higher than the temperature of the air mass
c It can be used together with the air pressure to estimate the air mass's relative humidity
d It can only be
be equal to,
to, or lower, than the temperatu
temperature
re of the air mass
mass

61 0 Relative humidity
id 4047

a is higher in cool air than in warm air 

b is higher in warm air than in cool air 
c increases if the air is cooled
cooled whilst
whilst maintaining
maintaining the vapour pressure constant
constant

d decreases if the air is cooled whilst maintaining the vapour pressure constant

50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 92 of 207

 

61 1 The difference between temperature and dewpoint is greater in

id 4048

a air with low temperature

b moist air 
c air with high temperature
d dry air 

61 2 The dewpoint temperature

id 4049

a can not be equal to the air temperature

b is always lower than the air temperature
c is always higher than the air temperature
d can be equal
equal to
to the air
air tempera
temperature
ture

61 3 Relative humidity depends on

id 4050

a temperature of the air only

b moisture content and pressure of the air 
c moisture content of the air only
d moisture
moisture content
content and
and temperature
temperature of the air 
air 

61 4 The dewpoint temperature

id 4051
a can be reached by lowering the pressure whilst keeping temperature constant
b can be reached
reached by cooling
cooling the air whilst keeping
keeping pressure constant
constant
c can not be equal to the air temperature
d can not be lower than the air temperature

61 5 The maximum amount of water vapour that the air can contain depends on the
id 4058

a dewpoint
b relative humidity
c stability of the air 
d ai
airr temp
tempera
eratu
ture
re

61 6 Dew point is defined as

id 5002

a the temperature below which the change of state in a given volume of air will result in the absorption
of latent heat
b the lowest temperature at which evaporation will occur for a given pressure
c the lowest temperature to which air must be cooled in order to reduce the relative humidity
d the temperature to which moist air
air must be cooled to
to become saturated
saturated at a given pressure
pressure
61 7 Relative humidity at a given temperature is the relation between
id 5552

a dew point and air temperature

b water vapour weight and dry air weight
c water vapour weight and humid air volume
d actual water
water vapour content
content and saturated
saturated water
water vapour content
content
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 93 of 207

61 8 The difference between air temperature and dew point temperature is popularly
id 6400 called the "spread". As spread increases, relative humidity:
a increases.
b decr
decrea
ease
ses.
s.
c stays the same.
d first decreases and then increases.

61 9 If the dew point stays the same, but the air temperature decreases, then:
id 6403

a The relative humidity will decrease.

b Water vapor will decrease.
c Water vapor will increase.
d The relativ
relative
e humid
humidity
ity will
will increase.
increase.

62 0 The amount of water vapor which air can hold largely depends on:
id 6409

a Relative humidity.
b Ai
Airr tempe
temperat
ratur
ure.
e.
c Stability of air.
d Dew point.

62 1 The danger of experiencing fog is greatest when:

id 6481
a dew point temperature is high.
b dew point temperature is low.
c there
there is litt
little
le dispe
dispersio
rsion.
n.
d there is great dispersion.

62 2 When temperature drops without changes of dew point temperature:

id 6483

a The amount of water vapor will increase.

b Relative
Relative humidi
humidity
ty will increa
increase.
se.
c The amount of water vapor will decrease.
d Relative humidity will decrease.

62 3 Which conditions result in the formation of frost ?

id 6490

a The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing and small droplets of moisture are
falling.
b When dew forms and the temperature is below freezing.
c Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dew point of surrounding air and the
dew point is colder than freezing.
d None of the above is correct
62 4  A parcel
parcel of air is said to be saturated
saturated if it has
has a relative
relative humidit
humidity
y of:
id 6626

a 50 %
b 100 %
c Greater than 90 %

d Greater than 80 %
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 94 of 207

62 5 The temperature at which a parcel of air becomes saturated if it cools is called:

id 6631

a Dew point
point temp
tempera
eratur
ture
e
b Saturation temperature
c Condensation temperature
d Freezing temperature

62 6 The maximum water in the air depends on the following:

id 6787

a Te
Temp
mper
erat
atur
ure
e
b Density
c Cloud type
d None of the above

62 7 What is relative humidity?

id 6917

a The actual water vapour content in the air given in per cent
b The possible saturated water vapour content at a given temperature, given in per cent
c  A term used
used to indicate
indicate the
the presence
presence of water
water vapour,
vapour, or
or moisture,
moisture, in tthe
he air 
d The ratio of the actual water
water vapour cont
content
ent in the air to the saturated
saturated water vapour
content of the air at a given temperature

50.03.02. Change of state of aggregation

50.03.02.01. Condensation, evaporation, sublimati
sublimation,
on,
62 8 Which of the following changes of state is known as sublimation?
id 947

a Solid direct to liquid

b Solid
Solid direc
directt to vapou
vapour r 
c Liquid direct to solid
d Liquid direct to vapour 

62 9 Clouds, fog or dew will always be formed when:

id 948

a relative humidity reaches 98%.

b water vapour is present.
c water
water vapo
vapour
ur c
cond
ondens
enses.
es.
d temperature and dew point are nearly equal.

63 0 In which of the following changes of state is latent heat released ?

id 1505

a Liquid to gas
b Solid to liquid
c Solid to gas
d Gas
Gas to li
liqu
quid
id
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 95 of 207

63 1 How are high level condensation trails formed that are to be found occasionally
id 1506 behind jet aircraft ?
a Only through unburnt fuel in the exhaust gases
b Through a decrease in pressure, and the associated adiabatic drop in temperature at the wing tips
while flying through relatively warm but humid air 
c Through
Through water vapour
vapour released
released during
during fuel combustio
combustion
n
d In conditions of low humidity, through the particles of soot contained in the exhaust gases
63 2 Supercooled droplets are always
id 3988

a large and at a temperature below freezing

b small and at a temperature below freezing
c at a temperatur
temperature
e below
below fr
freezin
eezing
g
d at a temperature below -60°C

63 3 Supercooled droplets can be encountered

id 3989

a only in winter at high altitude

b in winter only in high clouds
c only in winter above 10000 FT
d at any
any time
time of the
the y
yea
ear r 

63
id
4
4052
When water evaporates into unsaturated air 
a relative humidity is decreased
b heat is released
c relative humidity is not changed
d heat
heat iis
s abso
absorbe
rbed
d

63 5  A super-co
super-cooled
oled droplet
droplet is
id 4056

a a water droplet that is mainly frozen

b a droplet still
still in liquid
liquid state
state at a temperature
temperature below
below freezing
freezing
c a small particle of water at a temperature below -50°C
d a water droplet that has been frozen during its descent

63 6 Supercooled droplets can occur in

id 4115

a clouds but not in precipitation

b clouds,
clouds, fo
fog
g and preci
precipita
pitation
tion
c precipitation but not in clouds
d clouds but not in fog

63 7  A super-cool
super-cooled
ed droplet
droplet is one that
that
id 4117

a is at an above freezing temperature in below freezing air 

b has frozen to become an ice pellet
c has a shell of ice with water inside it
d remains liquid at
at a below freezing
freezing temperature
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 96 of 207

63 8 The process by which water vapour is transformed directly into ice is known as
id 5003

a supercooling
b subl
sublim
imat
atio
ion
n
c supersaturation
d radiation cooling

63 9 Fog and cloud formation takes place by:

id 6471

a Cond
Conden
ensa
sati
tion
on..
b Evaporation.
c Sublimation.
d None of the above

64 0 What is meant by the expression "Low level windshear" ?

id 6510

a A change of wind
wind direction
direction and force during
during a limited
limited period of time
time within
within a small area
area..
b Turbulence containing whirling dust.
c The effect of friction.
d The wind when blowing across the isobars.

64 1 When water vapor condenses into water droplets, there is a:

id 6560
a Release of heat energy that increases density of the surrounding air.
b Sublimation.
c Release
Release of heat energy
energy that
that makes the
the surrounding
surrounding air warmer.
warmer.
d None of the above.

64 2  A VOLMET broadcast
broadcast is:
id 6578

a  A recorded
recorded broadc
broadcast
ast of the
the METAR
METAR for a specif
specific
ic airfiel
airfield
d
b  A special
special ATC bro
broadcas
adcast,
t, to all aircra
aircraft
ft on frequenc
frequency,
y, of a signifi
significant
cant change
change in w
weathe
eatherr conditions
conditions
c A recorded
recorded broadcast
broadcast of METARs
METARs for
for about 10 airport
airports
s
d

64 3 What is the result when water vapor changes to the liquid state while being lifted in
id 6672 a thunderstorm?
a Latent
Latent heat is
is released
released to
to the atmosph
atmosphere
ere
b Latent heat is transformed into pure energy
c Latent heat is absorbed from the surrounding air by the water droplet
d

64 4 What kind of weather conditions are most common in a stationary high pressure
id 6720 area?
a Calm
Calm w
win
inds
ds and
and h
haz
aze
e
b Thunderstorm and showers in the summer 
c Light rain
d Gusty winds and clear skies
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 97 of 207

64 5 The stable layer at some height in the lower troposphere of an old high pressure
id 6731 area in the moderate latitudes is called:
a Friction inversion
b Radiation inversion
c Trade wind
d Subside
Subsidence
nce inversi
inversion
on

64 6 What does this picture depict?

id 6770

a  A wester
westerly
ly wave
wave over
over Cent
Central
ral Euro
Europe
pe
b A high pressur
pressure
e area over
over Central
Central Eu
Europe
rope
c South foehn
d North foehn

50.03.03. Adiabatic processes

50.03.03.01. Adiabatic processes
64 7 What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate per 1000 FT ?
id 131

a 1.5°C
b 2.0°C
c 3.0°C.
d 3.5°C

64 8  A parcel
parcel of unsaturat
unsaturateded air is lifted
lifted to just
just below
below the conden
condensation
sation level and then
then
id 133 returned to its original level. What is the final temperature of the parcel of air?
a Lower than the starting temperature.
b Higher than the starting temperature.
c The same
same as the startin
starting
g temperat
temperature.
ure.
d It depends upon the QFE.

64 9  A parcel of
of moist but not
not saturated air rises due
due to adiabatic
adiabatic effects.
effects. Which of the
id 1504 following changes ?
a Specific humidity
b  Absolute humidity
humidity

c Mixing ratio
d Relati
Relative
ve humidi
humidity
ty
65 0 If a saturated air mass descends down a slope its temperature increases at
id 2072

a the same rate as if the air mass were dry.

b a lower rate
rate than in dry air,
air, as evaporation
evaporation absorbs
absorbs heat.
heat.
c a lower rate than in dry air, as condensation gives out heat.
d a higher rate than in dry air, as it gives up latent evaporation heat.

65 1 During an adiabatic process heat is

id 3991

a neithe
neitherr add
added
ed nor
nor los
lostt
b added
c lost
d added but the result is an overall loss
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 98 of 207

65 2 The decrease in temperature, per 100 metres, in an unsaturated rising parcel of air
id 3992 is
a 0.65°C
b 2°C
c 1°C
d 0.5°C

65 3 The decrease in temperature, per 100 metres, in a saturated rising parcel of air at
id 3993
lower level of the atmosphere is approximately
a 1.5°C
b 1°C
c 0.6°C
d 0.35°C
65 4 The rate of cooling of ascending saturated air is less than the rate of cooling of
id 4000 ascending unsaturated air because:
a water vapour absorbs the incoming heat from the sun
b moist air is heavier than dry air 
c water vapour doesn't cool as rapidly as dry air 
d heat is released during the condensation
condensation process
65 5 If the surface temperature is 15°C , then the temperature at 10000 FT in a current
id 4001 of ascending unsaturated air is:
a 5°C
b 0°C
c -15°C
d -5°C

65 6 In a layer of air the decrease in temperature per 100 metres increase in height is
id 4042 more than 1°C. This layer can be described as being
a conditionally stable
b absolutely stable
c conditionally unstable
d absolu
absolutel
tely
y unsta
unstable
ble
65 7 Which statement is true for a conditionally unstable layer?
id 4043

a The wet adiabatic lapse rate is 0.65°C/100m

b The environmental lapse rate is less than 0.65°C/100m
c The layer is unstable for unsaturated air 
d The environmental
environmental lapse rate
rate is less
less than 1°C/100m

65 8 The stability in a layer is increasing if 

id 4044

a warm air is advected in the lower part and cold air in the upper part
b warm air is advected
advected in the upper
upper part and cold
cold air in the lower
lower part
c warm and moist air is advected in the lower part
d cold and dry air is advected in the upper part
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 99 of 207

65 9 Which of the following statements concerning the lifting of a parcel of air is correct
id 4045 ?
a Unsaturated parcels cool less rapidly than saturated parcels
b Unsaturate
Unsaturated
d parcels cool more
more rapidly than saturate
saturated
d parcels
c Unsaturated parcels cool at a rate of 0.65°C per 100m
d Saturated parcels always cool at a rate of 0.65°C per 100m

66 0  A moist but
but unsaturated
unsaturated parcel of air becomes
becomes saturated
saturated by
id 4053

a lowering the parcel to a lower level

b lifting
lifting the
the parcel
parcel to a higher
higher level
level
c moving the parcel to an area with lower pressure and equal temperature
d moving the parcel to an area with higher pressure and equal temperature

66 1  A sample of
of moist but unsaturated
unsaturated air may become
become saturated
saturated by
id 4054

a expand
expanding
ing it adiab
adiabati
atical
cally
ly
b raising the temperature
c lowering the pressure, keeping temperature constant
d compressing it adiabatically

66 2 The height of the lifting condensation level is determined by

id 4070
a temperature
temperature and dewpoi
dewpoint
nt at the surface
surface
b temperature at surface and air pressure
c wind and dewpoint at the surface
d wet adiabatic lapse rate and dewpoint at the surface

66 3  A layer is absolutely
absolutely unstable
unstable if the
the temperature
temperature decreas
decrease
e with height is
id 4135

a between 1°C per 100m and 0.65°C per 100m

b more than
than 1°
1°C
C per
per 100m
100m
c 0.65°C per 100m
d less than 0.65°C per 100m

66 4  A layer in which
which the temperature
temperature remains constant
constant with height
height is
id 4136

a neutral
b unstable
c absolu
absolutel
tely
y sta
stable
ble
d conditionally unstable

66 5  A layer in which
which the temperatu
temperature
re increases
increases with
with height
height is
id 4137

a conditionally unstable
b absolutely unstable
c absolu
absolutel
tely
y sta
stable
ble
d neutral
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 100 of 207

66 6  A layer in which the temperature

temperature decreases
decreases with 1°C per 100m is
id 4138

a absolutely unstable
b absolutely stable
c ne
neut
utra
rall for
for dry
dry air 
air 
d conditionally unstable

66 7 If in a 100 m thick layer the temperature at the bottom of the layer is 10°C and at
id 4139
the top of the layer is 8°C then this layer is
a absolu
absolutel
tely
y unsta
unstable
ble
b absolutely stable
c conditionally unstable
d neutral
66 8  An invers
inversion
ion is
is
id 4140

a an absol
absolutel
utely
y stable
stable layer 
layer 
b a conditionally unstable layer 
c an unstable layer 
d a layer that can be either stable or unstable

66 9 The rate at which descending unsaturated air is heated is about:

id 6404
a 1.5°C per 100 m.
b 1.5°C per 1000 ft.
c 3° C per 100 m.
d 3°
3°C
Cpper
er 10
1000
00 ft

67 0 Which term applies when the temperature of the air changes by compression or
id 6669 expansion with no heat added or removed?
a Katabatic
b  Advect
dvection
ion
c Adia
Adiaba
bati
tic
c
d  Atmospheric
tmospheric
67 1 What weather condition occurs at the altitude where the dewpoint lapse rate and
id 6673 the dry adiabatic lapse rate converge?
a Cl
Clou
oud
d base
bases
s form
form
b Precipitation starts
c Stable air changes to unstable air 
d

67 2 When saturated air moves downhill, its temperature increases

id 6674

a at a faster rate than dry air because of the release of latent heat
b at a slower rate
rate than dry air because
because vaporizati
vaporization
on uses heat
c at a slower rate than dry air because condensation releases heat
d
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 101 of 207

67 3 What does this picture depict?

id 6775

a  A wester
westerly
ly wave
wave over
over Cent
Central
ral Euro
Europe
pe
b  A high
high pressu
pressure
re area
area over
over Centr
Central
al Europ
Europe
e
c Unifor
Uniform
m pr
press
essure
ure patter
pattern
n
d North foehn

67 4 What can be said about the altimeter indication during a period of 10 minutes,
id 6791
when a uniform pressure pattern prevails?
a There will
will be no
no visible
visible change in the indication
indication
b The indication decreases
c The indication increases
d The altimeter indicates lower when set to 1013,2 hPa
67 5 What can be said about this weather situation?
id 6807

a Air mass
mass thunderstorms
thunderstorms may develop
develop during
during summertime
summertime
b Strong gradient winds may occur over Central Europe
c Foehn conditions lead to severe weather south of the Alps
d No ground fog will be present in Paris and Zurich during the winter 
 50.03. THERMODYNAMICS 2002/12/22 Page 102 of 207

50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG

50.04.01. Cloud formation and description
50.04.01.01. Cooling by adiabatic exp. by advection
67 6 Which of the following is a cause of stratus forming over flat land?
id 952

a Radiation
Radiation durin
during
g the night from
from the earth surface
surface in moderate
moderate wind.
wind.
b Unstable air.
c Convection during the day.
d The release of latent heat.

67 7 Which of the following processes within a layer of air may lead to the building of CU
id 953 and CB clouds?
a Frontal lifting within stable layers.
b Radiation.
c Subsidence.
d Conv
Convec
ecti
tion
on..

67 8 What process in an air mass leads to the creation of wide spread NS, AS and ST
id 1507 cloud coverage?
a Convection process
b Sinking
c Lifting
d Radiation
67 9 Rising air cools because
id 3618

a it becomes more moist

b surrounding air is cooler at higher levels
c it expa
expand
nds
s
d it contracts

68 0 Convective clouds are formed

id 4059

a in stable atmosphere
b in unsta
unstable
ble atmosphe
atmosphere
re
c in summer during the day only
d in mid-latitudes only

68 1 In an unstable layer there are cumuliform clouds. The vertical extent of these
id 4068 clouds depends on the
a air pressure at the surface
b wind direction
c thickne
thickness
ss of the
the unstab
unstable
le la
layer 
yer 
d pressure at different levels
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 103 of 207

68 2 The formation of a cumulonimbus (CB) depends on:

id 6545

a Warm and humid air.

b Instability of thick layers of air.
c Some sort of lifting of the air.
d all answ
answers
ers are
are co
corre
rrect.
ct.

68 3 Formation of an orographic cloud takes place when sufficient wind forces the air
id 6546
over obstacles like a mountain, and further:
a with sufficient height of the mountain the air temperature reaches the dew point thus creating a
cloud.
b it is true that the necessary amount of lifting of the air depends on the air humidity.
c the air is supercooled and unstable.
d a) and
and b) a
are
re corr
correct
ect..
68 4 Given a surface temperature of +10°C, and a dew point of +5°C, at what height
id 6608 might you expect cumulus clouds to form?
a 2000ft
b 4000ft
c 1000ft
d 3000 ft

68 5 If a stable air mass is forced to rise, what type of cloud is most likely:
id 6625

a CU
b NS
c TC
TCU
U
d CB

68 6 What determines the structure or type of clouds which will form as a result of air
id 6642 being forced to ascend?
a The stabili
stability
ty of the air
air before
before lifting
lifting occurs
occurs
b The method by which air is lifted
c The relative humidity of the air after lifting occurs
d
68 7 Which process in an air mass lead to NS-AS-ST clouds?
id 6933

a Lifting
b Sublimation
c Evaporation
d The presence of a high pressure area

50.04.01.02. Cloud types, cloud classification

68 8 Which of the following types of clouds are evidence of unstable air conditions?
id 955

a ST, CS.
b CU, CB.

c SC, NS.
d CI, SC.
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 104 of 207

68 9 Which of the following clouds are classified as medium level clouds in temperate
id 956 regions ?
a CI, CC.
b SC, NS
c AS, AC.
d CS, ST.

69 0 Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of altocumulus

id 1172
castellanus?
a b)
b d)
c a)
d c)
69 1 What is the main composition of clouds classified as "high level clouds"?
id 1173

a Supercooled water droplets.

b Ic
Ice
eccry
ryst
stal
als.
s.
c Water droplets.
d Water vapour.

69 2  A plain
plain in Western
Western Europe
Europe with an
an average
average elevatio
elevation
n of 500 m (1600
(1600 FT) above
above sea
id 1174 level is covered with a uniform AC layer of cloud during the summer months. At
what height above the ground is the base of this cloud to be expected?
a 1500 - 7000 FT above the terrain.
b 100 - 1500 FT above the terrain.
c 7000 - 15000
15000 FT above
above the terrain.
terrain.
d 15000 - 25000 FT above the terrain.
69 3 Which of the following clouds may extend into more than one layer?
id 1175

a Stratus.
b Nimbo
Nimbostr
stratu
atus.
s.
c  Altocumulus.
ltocumulus.
d Cirrus.

69 4 Which of the following cloud is classified as low level cloud ?

id 1508

a ST
b CS
c  AS
d CC

69 5 Which types of clouds are typical evidence of stable air conditions?

id 2447

a ST, AS
b CU, CB
c NS, CU
d CB, CC
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 105 of 207

69 6 Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of altocumulus

id 2448 lenticularis?
a b
b a
c d
d c

69 7 Which one of the displayed cloud forms is representative of a cumulonimbus

id 2449
capillatus?
a d)
b a)
c b)
d c)
69 8 Which of the following types of cloud can extend over the low, medium and high
id 2450 cloud levels ?
a CB
b  AC
c ST
d CI
69 9  A plain in Western
Western Europe
Europe with
with an average
average height
height of 500 m (1600
(1600 FT) above
above sea
sea
id 2451 level is covered with a uniform SC layer of cloud during the summer months. At
what height above the ground is the base of this cloud to be expected?
a 7000 - 15000 FT above ground
b 100 - 1500 FT above ground
c 1500
1500 - 7000
7000 FT above
above grou
ground
nd
d 15000 - 25000 FT above ground
70 0  A plain in Western
Western Europe
Europe with
with an average
average height
height of 500 m (1600
(1600 FT) above
above sea
sea
id 2452 level is covered with a uniform CC layer of cloud during the summer months. At
what height above the ground is the base of this cloud to be expected?
a 15000
15000 - 35000
35000 FT abov
above
e the te
terrai
rrain
n
b 7000 - 15000 FT above the terrain
c 1500 - 7000 FT above the terrain

d 100 - 1500 FT above the terrain

70 1 Which of the following cloud types is found at high levels?
id 2453

a SC
b CI
c  AS
d CU

70 2 Which of the following cloud types is a medium level cloud ?

id 2454

a ST
b CS
c AS
d SC
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 106 of 207

70 3 The presence of altocumulus lenticularis is an indication of the

id 3810

a presence of valley winds

b risk of orographic thunderstorms
c development of thermal lows
d presenc
presence
e of mou
mounta
ntain
in waves
waves

70 4  Altostratus clouds
clouds are classified as
id 4060

a convective clouds
b low level clouds
c high level clouds
d medium
medium lev
level
el clou
clouds
ds

70 5  A cumulonimbus
cumulonimbus cloud at moderate latitudes in summer contains
contains
id 4062

a only water droplets

b a combination of ice crystals, w
water
ater droplets and supercooled water droplets
c only ice crystals
d a combination of ice crystals and water droplets

70 6 Strongly developed cumulus clouds are an indication of 

id 4063
a the presence of a low level inversion
b instabil
instability
ity in the
the atm
atmosph
osphere
ere
c the presence of warm air aloft
d poor surface visibility
visibility

70 7 Clouds, classified as being low level are considered to have bases from
id 4066

a 500 to 1000 FT
b 1000 to 2000 FT
c the sur
surfac
face
e to 6500
6500 FT
d 100 to 200 FT

70 8 Which of the following are medium level clouds ?

id 4067

a Altost
Altostrat
ratus
us and altocu
altocumul
mulus
us
b Cirrocumulus and cirrostratus
c Cumulonimbus
d  All conve
convecti
ctive
ve cloud
clouds
s

70 9 What type of cloud is being described ? A generally grey cloud layer with fairly
id 4072 uniform base and uniform appearance, which may give drizzle or snow grains.
When the sun is visible through the cloud, the outline is clearly discernible.
Sometimes it appears in the form of ragged patches.
a Stratus
b  Altostratus
ltostratus
c Nimbostratus
d Cirrostratus
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 107 of 207

71 0 The presence of altocumulus castellanus indicates

id 4073

a stability in the higher troposphere

b strong convection at low height
c instabil
instability
ity in the
the middle
middle trop
troposph
osphere
ere
d subsidence in a large part of the troposphere

71 1 Fallstreaks or virga are

id 4113

a water or ice particles

particles falling
falling out of a cloud
cloud that evaporate
evaporate before
before reaching the
the ground
b strong downdraughts in the polar jet stream, associated with jet streaks
c gusts associated with a well developed Bora
d strong katabatic winds in mountainous areas and accompanied by heavy precipitation

71 2 The family of medium clouds include altostratus, altocumulus and nimbostratus. In

id 6410 moderate latitudes their height of base ranges from:
a 3000 to 5000 feet.
b 2000 to 10000 feet.
c 2000 to 12000 feet.
d 6500
6500 to 23
23000
000 fee
feet.
t.
71 3 High clouds are normally composed of 
id 6414
a Hail.
b Water droplets.
c Condensation nuclei.
d Ic
Ice
eccry
ryst
stal
als.
s.

71 4 State the four families of clouds:

id 6416

a High, medium and low clouds

b High and medium clouds, and clouds with extensive vertical development.
c Heapclouds, stratified clouds, layered clouds and nimbo clouds.
d High, medium
medium and low clouds, and clouds with extensive
extensive vertical
vertical development.
development.

71 5 The type of cloud formed when warm, light air rises rapidly into cooler air is a:
id 6473

a Stratus-type.
b Cumu
Cumulu
lus-
s-ty
type
pe..
c Strato-cumulus type.
d Nimbo-status type

71 6 What wil be the classification of high level clouds and where will the base be?
id 6630

a above 14000ft, Nimbus

b above 16500ft, Cumuliform
c above
above 16500
16500ft,
ft, Cir
Cirrif
riform
orm
d above 7000 ft, Cumuliform
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 108 of 207

71 7 Which of the following types of cloud is most likely to be associated with prolonged
id 6632 and continuous moderate rain?
a NS
b CU
c ST
d CI

71 8 The presence of standing lenticular AC clouds is a good indication of:

id
6643
a Updraf
Updrafts
ts and
and down
downdraf
drafts
ts
b  An approac
approaching
hing thunderst
thunderstorm
orm
c  An unstable
unstable air mass
mass
d  A stable air mass

71 9 Which clouds, normally found in the medium level, can extend to the other levels?
id 6739

a NS
b  AS
c CU
d ST

72 0 Which cloud represent an altocumulus lenticularis?

id 6768
a  A
b B
c C
d D

72 1 Which cloud represent an altocumulus castellanus?

id 6769

a  A
b B
c C
d D

72 2 What does a CB contain at moderate latitudes in summer?

id 6800

a A combination of ice crystals,

crystals, water droplets and supercooled water
water droplets
b  A combination
combination of ice crystals
crystals and
and water droplets
droplets
c Ice crystals, snow, and water droplets
d Ice crystals only

72 3 Which of the following are medium level clouds? State the most complete answer:
id 6829

a AS, AC
b ST, CU
c CI, ST
d NS, CI
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 109 of 207

72 4 Which of the following are low level clouds? State the most complete answer:
id 6830

a  AS, AC
b ST, NS
c CI, ST
d NS, CI

72 5 Which of the following are high level clouds? State the most complete answer:
id
6831
a  AS, AC
b ST, NS
c CI, CC
d NS, CI

72 6 Which cloud, normally found in the medium level, may extend to the low and high
id 6832 levels?
a  AC
b NS
c CI
d CU
72 7 Which cloud type may extend from low to high level (vertical development)?
id 6833
a CB
b NS
c CI
d  AC

72 8 Which of the four radio soundings corresponds with a low stratus layer?
id 6913

a  A
b B
c C
d D

72 9 Which of the four radio soundings corresponds with "OVC015"?

id 6914

a  A
b B
c C
d D

50.04.01.03. Influence of inversions on cloud devel.

73 0 What can be said about the formation of Haze?
id 6788

a Dust particl
particles
es are trapped
trapped below
below an invers
inversion
ion
b The air is very cold and thus the relative humidity increases
c  A strong lifting
lifting action
action in the atmosphere
atmosphere is necessa
necessary
ry
d  A frontal system is the cause
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 110 of 207

50.04.01.04. Flying conditions in each cloud type

73 1 What are the characteristics of cumuliform clouds?
id 954

a Large water droplets, stability, no turbulence, showers and mainly rime ice.
b Small water droplets, stability, no turbulence and extensive areas of rain.
c Large water droplets,
droplets, instabilit
instability,
y, turbulen
turbulence,
ce, showers and mainly
mainly clear ice.
d Small water droplets, instability, turbulence, extensive areas of rain and rime ice.

73 2 In which of the following conditions is moderate to severe airframe icing most likely
id 1509 to be encountered?
a Within cloud of any type
b Below the freezing level in clear air 
c In clear air above the freezing level
d In Nimbo
Nimbostr
stratu
atus
s clo
cloud
ud
73 3 What flying conditions may be encountered when flying in cirrus clouds?
id 1510

a  Average
verage horizont
horizontal
al visibil
visibility
ity more
more than 1000
1000 m; light
light to moderat
moderate
e rime ice.
ice.
b  Average
verage horizontal
horizontal vi
visibil
sibility
ity less
less than 500 m;
m; nil icing.
icing.
c  Average
verage horizontal
horizontal vi
visibil
sibility
ity less
less than 500 m; light
light to moderat
moderate
e icing.
icing.
d Average
Average horizo
horizontal
ntal visibili
visibility
ty more than 1000
1000 m; nil icing.
icing.

73 4 Cumulus clouds are an indication for 

id 4071

a stability
b up and dow
downdr
ndraft
afts
s
c the approach of a cold front
d the approach of a warm front

73 5 Fair weather cumulus clouds often indicate:

id 6417

a Turbulenc
Turbulence
e at and b
below
elow the
the cloud
cloud level.
level.
b Smooth flying conditions.
c Rain and strong winds.

d Fog.
73 6 Flying conditions associated with cumulonimbus (cb) at summertime are:
id 6472

a Hazy weather combined with drizzle and turbulence.

b Good visibility, intervals of fine weather and little turbulence.
c Bad visibility, continuous rain and little turbulence.
d Bad visibility
visibility in
in showers
showers and pronounced turbulence.

73 7 What do you expect with fair

f air weather Cumulus clouds?
id 6809

a Turbulenc
Turbulence
e at and b
below
elow the
the cloud
cloud level
level
b Smooth flight below the cloud level
c Continuous rain
d Turbulence in and above the clouds up to approximately FL 250
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 111 of 207

50.04.02. Fog, mist, haze

50.04.02.01. Radiation fog
73 8  At what time of day,
day, or night,
night, is radiation
radiation fog most likely
likely to occur?
occur?
id 1210

a  At sunset.
b Shortly
Shortly aft
after
er sunri
sunrise.
se.
c Late evening.
d Shortly after midnight.

73 9 What is the average vertical extent of radiation fog?

id 1211

a 2 000 FT.
b 500 FT.
c 5 000 FT.
d 10 000 FT.

74 0 What wind conditions, occuring just before dawn, favour the formation of fog at an
id 1213 airport where the temperature is 15°C and the dew point is 14°C?
a Westerly, 10 kt variable.
b Northerly, 10 kt.

c Calm.
d Easterly, 10 kt.
74 1 Which of the following weather conditions favour the formation of radiation fog?
id 1214

a Light wind,
wind, li
little
ttle or no clou
cloud,
d, moist
moist air.
air.
b Light wind, extensive cloud, dry air.
c Light wind, extensive cloud, moist air.
d Strong wind, little or no cloud, moist air.

74 2 Which of the following is most likely to lead to the dissipation of radiation fog ?
id 1511

a  A build up of a high
high pressure
pressure area
area resulting
resulting in adiaba
adiabatic
tic warming
warming associa
associated
ted wit
with
h a sinki
sinking
ng air mas
mass
s
b  A marked decrea
decrease
se in wind
wind velocity
velocity close
close to the
the ground

c Ground cooling caused by radiation during the night

d A marked increase
increase in wind velocit
velocity
y near the ground

74 3 The most likely reason for radiation fog to dissipate or become low stratus is :
id 2074

a increasing
increasing surface
surface wind
wind s
speed
peed..
b an increasingly stable atmosphere.
c surface cooling.
d a low level temperature inversion.
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 112 of 207

74 4 What are the differences between radiation fog and advection fog ?
id 2078

a Radiation fog
fog forms due to surface
surface cooling at n
night
ight in a light wind.
wind. Advection
Advection fog forms
when warm humid air flows over a cold surface.
b Radiation fog forms only on the ground, advection fog only on the sea.
c Radiation fog forms due to night cooling and advection fog due to daytime cooling.
d Radiation fog is formed by surface cooling in a calm wind. Advection fog is formed by evaporation
over the sea.
74 5 What type of fog is most likely to form over flat land during a clear night, with calm
id 2254 or light wind conditions ?
a Radi
Radiat
atio
ion.
n.
b  Advect
dvection
ion..
c Steam.
d Orographic.

74 6 Under which of these conditions is radiation fog most likely to form?

id 2455

a Very dry air 

b Lit
Littl
tle
e or no clou
cloud
d
c Strong surface winds
d Very low temperatures

74 7 Which of the following is most likely to lead to the formation of radiation fog?
id 2456

a Dry, warm air passing over warm ground

b Heat
Heat loss from
from the ground
ground on
on clear
clear nights
nights
c The passage of fronts
d Cold air passing over warm ground

74 8 Freezing fog consists of 

id 4004

a frozen water droplets

b supercooled
supercooled water
water droplets
droplets
c frozen minute snow flakes

d ice crystals
74 9 When the temperature and dew point are less than one degree apart the weather
id 4075 conditions are most likely to be
a unlimited visibility
b clear and cool
c high scattered clouds
d fog or low cl
cloud
oud

75 0 The morning following a clear, calm night when the temperature has dropped to the
id 4076 dewpoint, is likely to produce
a a cold front
b ra
radi
diat
atio
ion
n fog
fog
c advection fog
d good clear weather 
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 113 of 207

75 1 Which of the following circumstances most favour the development of radiation

id 4084 fog?
a Warm moist air at the windward side of a mountain
b Moist air over
over land during
during clear
clear night with
with little
little wind
c Maritime tropical air flowing over cold sea
d  Advect
dvection
ion of
of very
very cold
cold air over
over much
much warm
warmer
er se
sea
a

75 2 The range of wind speed in which radiation fog is most likely to form is :
id
4172
a above 15 kt
b between 10 and 15 kt
c between 5 and 10 kt
d be
belo
low
w 5 kt

75 3 Which type of fog do you expect over flat landscape on a clear night, under no wind
id 6783 conditions?
a Radi
Radiat
atio
ion
n fog
fog
b  Advect
dvection
ion fog
fog
c Orographic fog
d Steam fog

50.04.02.02. Advection fog

75 4 Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the formation of advection
id 1512 fog ?
a Moist cold air moving over a warm surface
b Moist
Moist warm air
air moving
moving over a cold
cold surface
surface
c Dry warm air moving over a cold surface
d Dry cold air moving over a warm surface
75 5 Which type of fog is likely to form when air having temperature of 15°C and dew
id 2248 point of 12°C blows at 10 knots over a sea surface having temperatures of 5°C ?
a Radiation fog
b Adve
Advect
ctio
ion
n fog
fog
c Steam fog

d Frontal fog
75 6  Advection
dvection fog can be formed when
id 4077

a cold moist air flows over warmer water 

b cold moist air flows over a warmer surface
c warm moist air flows over a warmer surface
d warm moist
moist air
air flows
flows over a colder
colder surfac
surface
e

75 7 Which of the following statements is true concerning advection fog?

id 4083

a It forms slowly and disappears rapidly

b It forms at night or the early morning
c It forms when unstable air is cooled adiabatically
d It can be formed
formed sudden
suddenly
ly by day
day or night
night
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 114 of 207

75 8 Fog forming over the sea in a 20KT wind is most likely to be:
id 6633

a Adve
Advect
ctio
ion
n fog
fog
b Radiation fog
c Neither, fog cannot form above 12KT wind speed
d

75 9 Name the difference between radiation and advection fog:

id
6836
a Vertical movement
movement (radiation
(radiation fog) versus horiz
horizontal
ontal movement
movement (advection
(advection fog)
b  Advectio
dvection
n fog occurs
occurs under
under no
no wind
wind conditi
conditions
ons in a clear
clear night
night,, while
while radiati
radiation
on fog forms
forms o
over
ver th
the
e sea
in a 20 KT wind
c Flat landscape, a clear night, winds of 10-20KT, for the formation of radiation fog, and mountainous
terrain and no wind conditions for advection fog
d Orographic lifting for radiation fog, and horizontal movement with a 20 KT wind for advection fog

50.04.02.03. Steaming fog

76 0 Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the formation of steam fog
id 1513 (arctic smoke)?
a Warm air moving over cold water 
b Cold air
air moving
moving ov
over
er warm
warm water 
water 

c The sea is warmed by strong radiation from the sun

d The coastal region of the sea cools at night

76 1 Steaming fog (arctic sea smoke) occurs in air 

id 4078

a that is stable
b with warm mass properties
c that is absolutely stable
d with cold mass propertie
properties
s

50.04.02.04. Frontal fog

76 2 When does frontal fog, also known as mixing fog, occur?
id 1212

a When very humid warm air meets with dry cold air.
b When very humid
humid warm air meets with very humid cold
cold air.
c When very humid cold air meets with dry warm air.
d When very dry cold air meets with very dry warm air.

76 3 Frontal fog is most likely to occur 

id 4079

a in winter in the early morning

b in rear of a warm front
c in summer in the early morning
d in advan
advance
ce of a warm
warm fr
front
ont
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 115 of 207

50.04.02.05. Orographic fog

76 4 What conditions are most likely to lead to the formation of hill fog?
id 2087

a Humid stable
stable ai
airr mass, wind blowing
blowing towards
towards the
the hills.
b High relative humidity and an unstable air mass
c Clear skies, calm or light winds, with relatively low humidity
d Precipitation which is lifted by the action of moderate winds striking the range
 50.04. CLOUDS AND FOG 2002/12/22 Page 116 of 207

50.05. PRECIPITATION
50.05.01. Development of precipitation
50.05.01.01. Development of precipitation
76 5 Which form of precipitation from clouds containing only water is most likely to fall in
id 950 mid-latitudes?
a Hail.
b Moderate rain with large drops.
c Heavy rain with large drops.
d Dr
Driz
izzl
zle.
e.

76 6 How does freezing rain develop?

id 1514

a Rain falls on cold ground and then freezes

b Rain falls
falls through a layer
layer where temperatures
temperatures are below
below 0°C
c Through melting of sleet grains
d Through melting of ice crystals

76 7 What enhances the growth rate of precipitation ?

id 6421

a  Advect
dvective
ive acti
action.
on.
b Upwar
Upward
d curre
currents
nts..
c Cyclonic movement.
d Temperature inversions.

76 8 When a rain shower approaches and passes an airfield, the following will happen:
id 6480

a The tempera
temperature
ture drops
drops and dew
dew point
point rises.
rises.
b The temperature remains unchanged and dew point drops.
c The temperature rises and dew point remains unchanged.
d The temperature rises and dew point drops..

50.05.02. Types of precipitation

50.05.02.01.
76 9
Types of precipitation,
Which of the following are favourable conditions for the formation of freezing rain?
id 949

a Warm air aloft from

from which rain
rain is falling
falling into air with
with a temperature
temperature below 0°C.
0°C.
b Water droplets falling from cold air aloft with a temperature below 0°C.
c Cold air aloft from which hail is falling into air that is warm.
d  An isotherm
isothermal
al layer
layer aloft
aloft with
with a temperatur
temperature
e just above
above 0°C
0°C through
through w
which
hich rain
rain is fa
fallin
lling.
g.

77 0 Which one of the following types of cloud is most likely to produce heavy
id 1176 precipitation ?
a SC
SC..
b CS
CS..
c NS.

d ST.
 50.05. PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION 2002/12/22 Page 117 of 207

77 1 With what type of clouds are showers most likely associated?

id 1209

a Stratocumulus.
b Cumul
Cumulon
onim
imbu
bus.
s.
c Nimbostratus.
d Stratus.

77 2 What type of cloud can produce hail showers?

id
1515
a CS
b NS
c CB
d  AC

77 3 The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that

id 2256

a freezing
freezing rain occurs at a higher
higher a
altitu
ltitude
de
b a cold front has passed
c there are thunderstorms in the area
d a warm front has passed

77 4 With which of the

t he following types of cloud is "+RA" precipitation most commonly
id 2457 associated?
a NS
b  AC
c SC
d ST

77 5 With what type of cloud is "GR" precipitation most commonly associated?

id 2458

a CC
b  AS
c ST
d CB

77 6
id 2459 With what type of cloud is "DZ" precipitation most commonly associated?
a CB
b ST
c CC
d CU

77 7 Which of the following cloud types is least likely to produce precipitation ?

id 2460

a CI
b  AS
c CB
d NS
 50.05. PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION 2002/12/22 Page 118 of 207

77 8 With what type of cloud is heavy precipitation unlikely during the summer months ?
id 2461

a NS, CC
b CB, ST
c SC, AS
d  AS, NS
NS

77 9 With what type of cloud is "+TSRA" precipitation most commonly associated?

id
2462
a CB
b  AS
c SC
d NS

78 0 Freezing precipitation occurs

id 3998

a only in the precipitation of a warm front

b only in the precipitation of a cold front
c mainly in the form of freezing
freezing rain or freezing
freezing drizzle
drizzle
d mainly in the form of freezing hail or freezing snow

78 1 Precipitation in the form of showers occurs mainly from

id 4055
a clouds containing only ice crystals
b stratified clouds
c cirro-type clouds
d conve
convect
ctiv
ive
e clouds
clouds

78 2 Steady precipitation, in contrast to showery precipitation falls from

id 4057

a stratiform clouds with severe turbulence

b convective clouds with little or no turbulence
c stratiform clouds with little
little or no turbulenc
turbulence
e
d convective clouds with moderate turbulence

78 3
id 4101 Large hail stones
a only occur in thunderstorms of mid-latitudes
b are typically
typically associat
associated
ed with severe
severe thunderstorm
thunderstorms
s
c are entirely composed of clear ice
d only occur in frontal thunderstorms

78 4 Freezing rain occurs when

id 4124

a snow falls into an above-freezing layer of air 

b ice pellets melt
c water vapour first turns into water droplets
d rain falls
falls into a layer
layer of air with
with temperatures
temperatures below
below 0°C
 50.05. PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION 2002/12/22 Page 119 of 207

78 5 The following statements deal with precipitation, turbulence and icing. Select the
id 4987 list containing the most likely alternatives for NS cloud:
a Precipitation
Precipitation may be snow,
snow, sleet or rain.
rain. Icing is probable
probable and may range
range between
between light
and severe. Turbulence is rarely more than moderate.
b Precipitation may be snow, sleet or rain. Icing and turbulence are frequently severe.
c Precipitation is frequently in the form of hail. Icing and turbulence are frequently severe.
d Precipitation and icing are usually nil. Turbulence is rarely more than moderate.
78 6
id 5553 From what type of cloud does drizzle fall ?
a St
Strratus.
b  Altostratus
ltostratus
c Cumulus
d Cirrostratus.

78 7 What type of clouds are associated with rain showers ?

id 5554

a Nimbostratus.
b Towering cumulus and altostratus.
c  Altostratus and stratus.
stratus.
d Towering cumulus and cumuloni
cumulonimbus.
mbus.

78 8 What type of clouds are associated with snow showers ?

id 5555

a Nimbostratus
b Cumulus and altostratus
c  Altostratus
ltostratus and stratus
stratus
d Cumulus
Cumulus and cumul
cumulonim
onimbus
bus

78 9 Steady precipitation, in contrast to showers, preceeding a front is an indication of:

id 6434

a cumuliform clouds with moderate turbulence.

b stratiform clouds with moderate turbulence.
c cumuliform clouds with little or no turbulence.
d stratiform clouds with little
little or no turbulence.

79 0 Regarding stratus (st) and nimbostratus (ns):

id 6470

a Neither does cause precipitation.

b St does cause drizzle and ns rain showers.
c St does cause rain showers and ns drizzle.
d St does
does cau
cause
se drizzle
drizzle and ns
ns rain.
rain.

79 1 What type of cloud is pertinent for showers?

id 6735

a CB
b NS
c CI
d  AS
 50.05. PRECIPITATION
PRECIPITATION 2002/12/22 Page 120 of 207

50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS

50.06.01. Types of airmasses
50.06.01.01. Description, factors affecting
79 2  An airmass is unstable
unstable when
id 4119

a temperature increases with height

b temperature and humidity are not constant
c pressure shows a marked variation over a given horizontal area
d an ascending parcel of air
air continues to rise to a considerable height.
height.

79 3  An airmass is
is stable when
when
id 4120

a pressure is constant
b temperature in a given area drops off very rapidly with height
c the vertical motion of a rising parcel of air tends
tends to become weaker and disappears.
disappears.
d the lapse rate is 1°C per 100 m

79 4  An air mass

mass is a body of air that
that
id 6420

a has similar cloud formations associated with it.

b creates a wind shift as it moves across the Earth's surface.
c covers an extensive
extensive area and has fairly uniform
uniform properties of temperature and moisture.
d has extensive turbulence associated with it.

50.06.01.02. Classification
Classification of airmasses, mods.
79 5 What are the typical differences between the temperature and humidity between an
id 1205 air mass with its origin in the Azores and an air mass with its origin over northern
Russia ?
a The air of the Azores is
is warmer and more humid than the North-Russian
North-Russian air.
b The North-Russian air is colder and more humid than the air of the Azores.
c The air of the Azores is warmer and dryer than the North-Russian air.
d The North-Russian air is warmer and dryer than the air of the Azores.
79 6 Where is the source of tropical continental air that affects Europe in summer?
id 1206

a The Azores region.

b Southern Italy.
c Southern France.
d The southern
southern Balka
Balkan
n region
region and the Near
Near East.

79 7 Where does polar continental air originate?

id 1207

a The region of the Baltic sea.

b  Areas of
of arctic
arctic water.
water.
c Siberi
Siberian
an land
landma
mass.
ss.
d The region of Greenland.
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 121 of 207

79 8 In which air mass are extremely low temperatures encountered?

id 1208

a  Arctic maritime
maritime air.
air.
b Polar maritime air.
c Tropical continental air.
d Polar
Polar conti
continent
nental
al air.

79 9 In which of the following regions does polar maritime air originate ?

id
1264
a Baltic Sea
b Region of British Isles
c East
East o
off Gre
Greenl
enlan
and
d
d Black Sea

80 0 What is the classification of the airmass affecting position "Q" at 0600 UTC?
id 1309

a Tropical continental.
b Polar maritime.
c Polar continental.
d Tropic
Tropical
al mar
mariti
itime
me..

80 1 Which are characteristics of an unstable cold air mass moving over a warm
id 6427 surface ?
a Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility.
b Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility.
visibility.
c Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility.
d Stratiform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility.

80 2  A warm air mass:

m ass:
id 6443

a is cooled
cooled ffrom
rom below
below by
by the base layer.
b is warmed from below by the base layer.
c originates at the equator.
d is characterized by sea breeze.

80 3
id 6535 The stability of an air mass increases by:
a cooling
cooling of the low
lower
er and heating
heating of the
the upper layers.
layers.
b heating of the lower and cooling of the upper layers.
c supply of humidity.
d decreasing dispersion.

80 4  A body of air over

over the ocean
ocean is
is referred
referred to as:
as:
id 6576

a Polar air 
b Oceanic air 
c Mari
Mariti
time
me ai
air r 
d
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 122 of 207

80 5 What are the most common characteristics of a cold air mass moving over a
id 6601 warm surface?
a Cumulifo
Cumuliform
rm clouds
clouds,, turbulence,
turbulence, and good
good visibility
visibility
b Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility
c Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility
d Stratiform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility

80 6 What are the most common characteristics of a warm airmass, moving over a
id
6602 cold surface?
a Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility
b Comuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility
c Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and
and poor visibility
visibility
d Stratiform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility
80 7 Where does a Polar Cold Airmass has its origin?
id 6718

a Over
Over the Si
Siber
berian
ian Landm
Landmass
ass
b Over the Baltic Sea
c Over the Atlantic Ocean
d Over the North Pole

80 8 Which air masses do most often contribute to the weather situation in Western
id 6905 Europe?
a Maritime
Maritime tropical
tropical air, ma
maritim
ritime
e pola
polarr air 
b Maritime tropical air, continental polar air 
c Continental tropical air, continental arctic air 
d Maritime equatorial air, maritime polar air 

50.06.02. Fronts
50.06.02.01. Boundaries between airmasses, general sit.
80 9 The polar front is the boundary between:
id 1163

a maritime polar air and continental polar air.

b arctic air and polar air.
c arctic air and tropical air.
d polar
polar air and tropic
tropical
al ai
air.
r.

81 0 What type of low pressure area is associated with a surface front?

id 1220

a  A low on lee
lee side
side of a m
mount
ountain.
ain.
b  A cold air pool.
pool.
c Polar
Polar fr
fron
ontt low
low..
d Heat low.

81 1  At what time

time of the year, are the paths
paths of north Atlantic lows moving
moving from west to
id 1241 east generally, at their most southerly position?
a  Autumn.
utumn.
b Summer.
c Spring.
d Wi
Win
nter.
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 123 of 207

81 2 Examining the pictures, on which one of the tracks (dashed lines) is this cross-
id 2468 section to be expected?
a Track B-C
b Tr
Tra
ack B-D
c Track A-D
d Track A-E

50.06.02.02. Warm front, associated clouds & weather 

81 3 What type of fronts are most likely to be present during the winter in Central
id 1215 Europe when temperatures close to the ground are below 0°C, and freezing rain
starts to fall?
a Cold occlusions.
b Warm fronts,
fronts, w
warm
arm occlusion
occlusions.
s.
c High level cold fronts.
d Cold fronts.
81 4 Which of the following conditions are you most likely to encounter when
id 1216 approaching an active warm front at medium to low level ?
a Severe thunderstorms at low altitude.
b Low cloud
cloud base
base and poor
poor visibi
visibility
lity..
c Extreme turbulence and severe lightning striking the ground.
d High cloud base, good surface visibility, and isolated thunderstorms.

81 5 During a cross-country flight at FL 50, you observe the following sequence of

id 1217 clouds: Nimbostratus, Altostratus, Cirrostratus, Cirrus. Which of the following are
you most likely to encounter ?
a Strong, gusty winds.
b Decreas
Decreasing
ing te
temper
mperatur
atures.
es.
c  A strong
strong downdra
downdraught
ught..
d Increasing temperatures.
81 6 What cloud formation is most likely to occur at low levels when a warm air mass
id 1218 overrides a cold air mass?
a Cumulus.
b Nimbo
Nimbostr
stratu
atus.
s.
c  Altostratus.
d Cumulonimbus.

81 7 The approximate inclined plane of a warm front is:

id 1219

a 1/50
b 1/150
c 1/300
d 1/500

81 8 In which of the following situations can freezing rain be encountered ?

id 1265

a Ahead
Ahead of a warm
warm front
front iin
n the winte
winter r 
b  Ahead
head of a cold
cold front
front in the wint
winter 
er 
c Behind a warm front in the summer 
d  Ahead
head of a cold
cold front
front in the s
summe
ummer r 
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 124 of 207

81 9 How do air masses move at a warm front ?

id 1266

a Cold air overrides a warm air mass

b Warm air
air override
overrides
s a cold
cold air
air ma
mass
ss
c Cold air undercuts a warm air mass
d Warm air undercuts a cold air mass

82 0 Thunderstorms in exceptional circumstances can occur in a warm front if 

id
1835
a the cold air is convectively stable.
b the cold air is convectively unstable.
c the warm
warm air is convecti
convectively
vely unstable.
unstable.
d the warm air is convectively stable.

82 1 On an aerodrome, when a warm front is approaching

id 1837

a QFE increases and QNH decreases.

b QFE and QNH increase.
c QFE and
and QNH
QNH decre
decreas
ase.
e.
d QFE decreases and QNH increases.

82 2 What types of cloud will you meet flying towards a warm front ?
id 2080
a Extensive areas of fog. At some100 km from the front NS begin
b At some 800 km
km CS, later AS,
AS, and at some 300
300 km NS until the
the front
c  At some 500
500 km AS, later
later CS and
and at some 80
80 km before
before the front
front CB
d  At some 500 km from
from the front,
front, groups
groups of CB, later
later at some 250 km thicke
thickening
ning AS

82 3 If you have to fly through a warm front when freezing level is at 10000 feet in the
id 2250 warm air and at 2000 feet in the cold air, at which altitude is the probability of
freezing rain the lowest ?
a 9000 feet
b 1200
12000
0 fe
feet
et
c 5000 feet
d 3000 feet
82 4 Read this description: "After such a fine day, the ring around the moon was a bad
id 2463 sign yesterday evening for the weather today. And, sure enough, it is pouring down
outside. The clouds are making an oppressively low ceiling of uniform grey; but at
least it has become a little bit warmer." Which of these weather phenomena
phenomena is
being described?
a A war
warm
m fro
front
nt
b  A blizzard
blizzard
c Weather at the back of a cold front
d  A cold
cold front
front
82 5 The main factor which contributes to the formation of very low clouds ahead of a
id 4065 warm front is the
a saturation of the warm air by rain falling into it and evaporating
b saturation
saturation of the cold
cold air by rain falling
falling into
into it and eva
evaporati
porating
ng
c reduction of outgoing radiation due to clouds
 d warm air moving over a cold surface
50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 125 of 207

82 6 The following is true concerning a warm front:

id 6549

a The associated type of weather is mostly uniform and offers only small variations.
b When the air
air is stable,
stable, the clouds are stratiform with uniform precipitation.
precipitation.
c When the air is unstable, the clouds form vertically and showers will develop in the precipitation area.
d Both b) and c) are correct.

50.06.02.03. Cold front, associated clouds and weather 

82 7  After passing
passing at right
right angles
angles through
through a very
very active
active cold
cold front
front in the direction
direction of the
id 1230 cold air, what will you encounter, in the northern hemisphere immediately after a
marked change in temperature?
a  A decreas
decrease
e in headw
headwind
ind..
b  A backing
backing in the wi
wind
nd direction
direction..
c  An increase
increase in
in tailwind.
tailwind.
d A veering
veering in th
the
e wind
wind direction.
direction.
82 8 What type of precipitation would you expect at an active unstable cold front?
id 1267

a Showers
Showers ass
associa
ociated
ted with
with thundersto
thunderstorms
rms
b Freezing rain
c Light to moderate continuous rain
d Drizzle

82 9 What is the relative movement of the two airmasses along a cold front ?
id 1268

a Cold air slides over a warm air mass

b Warm air pushes over a cold air mass
c Cold air
air pushes
pushes under
under a warm
warm air
air mass
d Warm air pushes under a cold air mass

83 0 What change in pressure, will occur at point A, during the next hour?
id 1519

a  Approximately
pproximately constant
constant pressure
pressure
b  A drop in
in pre
pressur
ssure
e
c Irregular fluctuations
d A rise
rise in
in pres
pressu
sure
re

83 1 Which of the following is typical for the passage of a cold front in the summer ?
id 2467

a Rapid increase in temperature once the front has passed

b Mainly layered clouds
c Rapid drop in pressure once the front has passed
d Mainly
Mainly towe
towerin
ring
g clo
clouds
uds

83 2 The following is true concerning a cold front:

id 6550

a  A cold front
front is normally
normally less steep
steep than a warm
warm front.
front.
b  A cold front
front is normally
normally moving
moving w
with
ith less
less speed than
than a warm
warm front.
front.

c A cold front
front is normally
normally steepe
steeperr than a warm front.
front.
d Both b) and c) are correct.
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 126 of 207

83 3 The weather associated with a cold front may vary from a minor change of wind to
id 6551 a serious thunderstorm with low cloud base, bad visibility and strong, gusty winds.
The type of weather depends on:
a The amount of humidity in the warm air.
b The stability of the warm air.
c The speed and slope of the cold front.
d All answers
answers are corre
correct.
ct.

83 4
id
You observe the altimeter in a parked aircraft shortly before an active cold front
6763 passes. What does the altimeter indicate?
a It iinc
ncre
reas
ases
es
b It decreases
c It is not affected by a pressure change
d The pressure changes are very small and therefore, there is no visible change of the indication
83 5 You observe the altimeter in a parked aircraft shorty after an active cold front has
id 6764 passed. What does the altimeter indicate?
a It increases
b It dec
decre
reas
ases
es
c It is not affected by a pressure change
d The pressure changes are very small and therefore, there is no visible change of the indication

50.06.02.04. Warm sector, associated clouds & weather 

83 6 Over Central Europe what type of cloud cover is typical of the warm sector of a
id 1224 depression during winter?
a CI, CS.
b ST wit
with
h driz
drizzle
zle..
c Fair weather CU.
d CU, CB.
83 7 What is the surface visibility most likely to be, in a warm sector of tropical maritime
id 1226 air, during the summer?
a Very good (greater than 50 km).
b Very poor (less than 1 km).

c Good (greater than 10 km).

d Modera
Moderate
te (sever
(several
al km).
km).
83 8 What cloud cover is typical for a wide warm sector of a polar front depression over
id 1269 Central Europe in the summer ?
a BKN CU and CB
b Fair
Fair w
wea
eath
ther
er CU
c Sky clear 
d ST with drizzle

83 9 What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the
id 2464 ground during the period following the passage of an active cold front ?
a It will have increased.
b It will remain unchanged.
c It will
will have
have de
decre
crease
ased.d.
d It will show a small increase or decrease.
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 127 of 207

84 0 What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the
id 2465 ground shortly before an active cold front passes?
a It will be decreasing.
b It will remain unchanged.
c It will
will b
be
e iincre
ncreasi
asing.
ng.
d It will fluctuate up and down by about +/- 50 feet.

84 1 What will be the effect on the reading of an altimeter of an aircraft parked on the
id 2466 ground as an active cold front is passing?
a It will
will first
first in
increase
crease then decrease.
decrease.
b It will remain unchanged.
c It will first decrease then increase.
d It will fluctuate up and down by about +/- 50 feet.

50.06.02.05. Weather behind the cold front

84 2 What weather conditions are prevalent during the summer, over the North Sea,
id 1225 approximately 300 km behind a quickly moving cold front?
a Cloud cover
cover mostly
mostly sc
scatter
attered,
ed, isolated
isolated shower
showers.
s.
b Showers and thunderstorms.
c Rain covering a large area, 8 octas NS.
d 8 octas CS, AS without precipitation.

50.06.02.06. Occlusions, associated clouds and weather 

84 3 Where is the coldest air to be found, in an occlusion with cold front characteristics?
id 1222

a  Ahead
head of the
the front.
front.
b Behi
Behind
nd the
the fro
front
nt..
c  At the surface
surface position
position of the front.
front.
d  At the junction
junction of the occlusio
occlusion.
n.

84 4 Which one of the tracks (dashed lines) is represented by the cross-section shown
id 1306 on the left ?
a Track B-A
b Track C-A
c Trac
rack D
D--A
d Track B-C

84 5 Which cross-section of air mass and cloud presentation is applicable to the

id 1307 straight line A-B?
a a
b c
c b
d d

84 6 Which of the following describes a warm occlusion?

id 1516

a The air mass ahead of the front is drier than the air mass behind the front
b The air mass behind the front is more unstable than the air mass ahead of the front
c The coldest
coldest air mass
mass is ahead
ahead of the origina
originall warm fr
front
ont
d The warmer air mass is ahead of the original warm front
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 128 of 207

84 7 When do cold occlusions occur most frequently in Europe?

id 1517

a Summer  
b Winter 
c  Autumn
utumn and winte
winter r 
d Winter and spring

84 8 How are the air masses distributed in a cold occlusion ?

id 2071
a The coldest air mass
mass behind and the less cold air in front
front of the occlusion;
occlusion; the warm air
mass is above ground level.
b The coldest air in front of and the less cold air is behind the occlusion; the warm air mass is above
ground level.
c The coldest air in front of and the warm air behind the occlusion; the less cold air is above ground
level.
d The coldest air behind and the warm air in front of the occlusion; the less cold air mass is above
ground level.
84 9 In a polar front depression, an occlusion is called a warm occlusion when the cold
id 2531 air 
a behind is less
less cold than the
the cold air in front,
front, with the warm
warm air at a high altitude.
altitude.
b in front of the surface position of front is only at a high altitude.

c behind is colder than the cold air in front.

d behind is colder than the cold air in front, with the warm air being at a high altitude.
85 0 In a warm front occlusion
id 4085

a the warm front becomes a front aloft

b the warm front overtakes the cold front
c the warm
warm air is lift
lifted
ed
d the cold air is lifted

85 1  An occlusion
occlusion takes
takes place when:
id 6506

a A cold front
front catch
catches
es up wit
with
h a warm fro
front.
nt.
b Warm air displaces cold air.
c Cold air displaces warm air.
d The front no longer moves.

85 2 Describe a warm occlusion at a polar front depression:

id 6797

a The air behind the

the cold front is less cold than the air ahead of the warm front
front
b The air behind the cold front is colder than the air ahead of the warm front
c The air ahead of the warm front is warmer than the air behind the cold front
d Both, the air ahead of the warm front and the air behind the cold front are of approximately the same
temperature
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 129 of 207

85 3 Describe a cold occlusion at a polar front depression:

id 6798

a The air behind the cold front is less cold than the air ahead of the warm front
b The air ahead of the warm front is colder than the air behind the cold front
c The air ahead
ahead of the warm
warm front is warmer
warmer than the
the air behind
behind the cold fro
front
nt
d Both, the air ahead of the warm front and the air behind the cold front are of approximately the same
temperature

50.06.02.07. Stationary front, assoc. clouds & weather 

85 4 What characterizes a stationary front ?
id 2073

a The surface wind usually has its direction perpendicular to the front
b The surface wind usually has its direction
direction parallel
parallel to the front
c The warm air moves at approximately half the speed of the cold air 
d The weather conditions that it originates is a combination between those of an intense cold front and
those of a warm and very active front
85 5 What is feature of a stationary front?
id 6663

a The warm front surface moves about half the speed of the cold front surface
b Weather conditions are a combination of strong cold front and strong warm front weather 
c Surface winds
winds tend
tend to flow paralle
parallell to the frontal
frontal zone
zone
d

50.06.02.08. Movement of fronts and pressure syst.

85 6 In which approximate direction does the centre of a frontal depression move?
id 1221

a In the direction
direction of the warm
warm sec
sector
tor isobars.
isobars.
b In the direction of the isobars ahead of the warm front.
c In the direction of the sharpest pressure increase.
d In the direction of the isobars behind the cold front.

85 7 What type of front / occlusion usually moves the fastest?

id 1223

a Cold
Cold fr
fron
ont.
t.
b Warm front.
c Cold occlusion.
d Warm occlusion.

85 8 This chart shows the weather conditions on the ground at 0600 UTC on May 4.
id 1279 Which of the following reports reflects weather development at Geneva Airport?
a TAF LSGG 230716 05014KT 5000 OVC015 BECMG 0810 8000 BKN018 BECMG 1013
05015G30KT 9999 SCT025 =
b TAF LSGG 230716 23016KT
23016KT 8000 -RA
-RA BKN030 OVC070
OVC070 BECMG 0810
0810 5000 RA BKN020
BKN020 OVC050
TEMPO 3000 +RA BKN010 OVC030 BECMG 1215 25014KT 8000 SCT030 BKN090 =
c TAF LSGG 230716 26012KT 9999 SCT030 BKN080 TEMPO 1013 25020G35KT 3000 TSRA or
+SHRA BKN030CB BECMG 1316 VRB02KT 3000 BCFG SCT100 =
d TAF LSGG 230716 VRB03KT 6000 BR SCT020 BECMG 0811 23005KT 9999 SCT025TCU PROB

40 TEMPO 1216 34012G30KT 3000 TSRA BKN020CB =

 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 130 of 207

85 9 In Zurich during a summer day the following weather observations were taken:
id 1280 160450Z 23015KT 3000 +RA SCT008 SCT020 OVC030 13/12 Q1010 NOSIG =
160650Z 25008KT 6000 SCT040 BKN090 18/14 Q1010 RERA NOSIG = 160850Z
25006KT 8000 SCT040 SCT100 19/15 Q1009 NOSIG = 161050Z 24008KT 9999
SCT040 SCT100 21/15 Q1008 NOSIG = 161250Z 23012KT CAVOK 23/16 Q1005
NOSIG = 161450Z 23016KT
a  A cold front
front passed
passed the
the station
station early
early in the morning
morning and
and a warm front
front during
during late
late afterno
afternoon
on
b A warm front passed
passed the station earl
early
y in the morning and
and a cold front during
during late afternoon
c  A trough
trough line passe
passed
d the sta
station
tion early
early in the
the morning
morning and a warm
warm front
front during
during late
late after
afternoon
noon
d Storm clouds due to warm air came close to and grazed the station
86 0 Refer to the diagram. Assuming the usual direction of movement, where will this
id 1308 polar frontal wave have moved ?
a Pos
Posit
itio
ion
nc
b Position a
c Position b
d Position d
86 1 In which main direction does a polar front depression move?
id 1518

a Along
Along th
the
e front
front toward
towards
s the east
east
b  Along the
the front
front towards
towards the we
west
st
c  Across the
the front tow
towards
ards the north
north
d  Across the front
front towards
towards the south

86 2 Frontal depressions can be assumed to move in the direction of the 2000 feet wind
id 2079

a in the
the war
warm
m sect
sector 
or 
b in front of the warm front
c behind the cold front
d at the apex of the wave

86 3  A frontal depression
depression passes
passes through
through the airport.
airport. What
What form of precipita
precipitation
tion do you
you
id 2081 expect ?
a Rain or snow during about 12 hours until the warm front arrives. Within the warm sector the rain
increases. Improvement
Improvement on the passage of the cold front.
b Continous rain or snow while the frontal wave passes for a period of some 24 hours.
c Showers during some 2 hours until the warm front arrives. Drizzle in the warm sector within 12
hours. Rain or snow on the passage of the cold front.
d Continuous
Continuous rain or snow during 6 hours until
until the warm front arrives.
arrives. The preci
precipitation
pitation stops
stops
for several hours within the warm sector. On the arrival of the cold front, showers within a
couple of hours.
86 4 Refer to the diagram. Assuming the usual direction of movement, to which position
id 2469 will the polar frontal wave have moved ?
a Position D
b Posi
Positi
tion
on C
c Position A
d Position B
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 131 of 207

86 5  An observer
observer on the
the northern
northern hemisphere
hemisphere isis under influence
influence of the wind
wind system
system of a
id 4074 depression, which is moving from West to East. The centre of the depression
passes to the South of the observer. For this observer the wind direction is
a continuously veering
b contin
continuou
uously
sly backin
backing
g
c initially backing, then veering
d initially veering, then backing

86 6
id
In connection with the passage of a front:
6552

a The pressure will increase before it passes.

b The pressure
pressure will
will decrease
decrease before
before it passes.
c  After front
frontal
al passage,
passage, the
the wind
wind will veer
veer to the
the left.
left.
d  Answers
nswers b) and c)
c) are correct.
correct.

86 7 If a cold front moves at 30 knots, you could expect the warm front to be moving at:
id 6607

a 20 kn
knots
b 30 knots
c 40 knots
d 50 knots

86 8 In which direction does the polar front move in this picture?

id 6742

a  A
b B
c C
d D

86 9 In which direction does the polar front move in this picture?

id 6771

a  A
b B
c C
d D

87 0 On a summer day, the following observations are made in Zurich: 0450Z 23015KT
id 6899 3000 +RA SCT008 SCT020 0VC030 13/12 Q1010 NOSIG= 0650Z 25008KT 6000
SCT040 BKN090 18/14 Q1010 RERA NOSIG= 0850Z 25006KT 8000 SCT040
SCT100 19/15 Q1009 NOSIG= 1050Z 24008KT 9999 SCT040 SCT100 21/15
Q1008 NOSIG= 1250Z 23012KT CAVOK 23/16 Q1005 NOSIG= 1450Z 23016KT
9999 SCT040 BKN090 24/17 Q1003
a a warm front early
early in the morning and a cold fron
frontt late in the afternoon
afternoon have passed
passed the
station
b a trough line early in the morning and a warm front late in the afternoon have passed the station
c an air mass thunderstorm only has passed during the entire day
d a cold front early in the morning and a warm front late in the afternoon have passed the station
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 132 of 207

87 1 On a summer day, the following observations are made in Zurich: 0650Z 19002 KT
id 6902 3000 SCT280 08/07 Q1019 BECMG 5000 = 0850Z 21004KT 8000 BKN280 10/07
Q1019 NOSIG = 1050Z 22007KT CAVOK 14/06 Q1017 NOSIG = 1250Z 22012KT
9999 SCT040 SCT100 BKN250 16/07 Q1016 NOSIG = 1450Z 22015KT 9999
SCT040 OVC080 17/08 Q1014 NOSIG = 1650Z 23014KT 8000 -RA SCT030
OVC070 16/10 Q1013 TEMPO 30
a a cold front in the morning, and a second cold front in the afternoon have passed the station
b a warm front
front has passed
passed the stati
station
on durin
during
g the day
c a warm front early in the morning, and a cold front in the evening have passed the station
d a north foehn weather pattern prevailed the entire day
87 2 On a summer day, the following observations are made in Zurich: 0450Z 24009 KT
id 6903 7000 SCT040 SCT120 15/12 Q1014 NOSIG = 0650Z 24010KT 6000 SCT040
SCT120 17/13 Q1012 NOSIG = 0850Z 23014KT 8000 BKN100 19/13 Q1009
BECMG 26020G35KT TS = 1050Z 28022G33KT 4000 TSRA SCT015 SCT050CB
OVC080 16/14 Q1006 BECMG NSW = 1250Z 31016KT 9999 SCT025TCU
BKN030 13/09 Q1009 NOSIG = 1450Z 30012
a a warm front in the morning, and a cold front in the afternoon have passed the station
b a warm front has passed the station in the morning, and warm sector weather prevailed in the
afternoon
c a cold front has passed the station
station in the morning, and rear side we
weather
ather prevailed in the
afternoon
d a cold front in the morning, and a warm front in the afternoon have passed the station
87 3 Refer to the chart: On which airport do you expect the development of the following
id 6906 weather situation: TAF 1019 21010KT 8000 SCT120 OVC180 BECMG 1013
OVC090 TEMPO -RA BECMG 1417 22016KT 5000 RA BKN020 OVC030 TEMPO
3000 +RA BKN012 OVC020 =
a EGLL
b LYBE
c LFPO
d LSZH
87 4 Refer to the chart: Which airport has the biggest probability for rain at 12.00 UTC?
id 6907

a EKCH

b LFPO
c LIRF
d LEMD

87 5 Refer to the chart: Which weather situation do you expect for EGLL at 1150 UTC?
id 6908

a 23015KT 8000 SCT100 BKN200 21/07 Q1002 NOSIG=

b 32002KT 3000 OBC006 16/12 Q1024 TEMPO 8000 =
c 17016G28K
17016G28KT
T 2500 +RA BKN009
BKN009 OVC 018
018 12/10 Q0994
Q0994 BECMG
BECMG 8000 =
d 28006KT 4000 -TSRA SCT012 BKN030CB 19/14 Q1022 BECMG NSW =
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 133 of 207

87 6 Refer to the chart: Which weather situation do you expect for LGAT at 1450 UTC?
id 6909

a 21002KT
21002KT 6000
6000 BR SCT040 29/16 NOSIG =
b 16002KT 0200 R33L/0600N FG VV001 12/12 Q1031 BECMG 0800 =
c 26014KT 8000 BKN090 17/12 Q1009 BECMG 4000 =
d 23018G35KT 9999 SCT035 10/04 Q0988 NOSIG =

87 7 Refer to the chart: On which airport do you expect the development of the following
id 6910 weather situation? TAF 1322 24014G32KT 4000 +TSRA SCT005 BKN015
BKN020CB BECMG 1416 29012KT 9999 BKN030TCU SCT100 TEMPO 8000
SHRA BKN025TCU BECMG 1922 27012KT 9999 SCT030 OVC220 =
a ESSA
b EINN
c LSZH
d EKCH
87 8 Refer to the chart: Which airport has the biggest probability for the formation of fog
id 6911 the following night?
a ENFB
b EKCH
c EINN

d LFPO
87 9 Where does the frontal depression move in the direction of the 2000 ft wind?
id 6932

a In the
the war
warm
m sect
sector 
or 
b  At the rear
rear side
c  Ahead
head of the war
warm
m front
front
d In the center of an occlusion
 50.06. AIRMASSES AND FRONTS 2002/12/22 Page 134 of 207

50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS

50.07.01. Location of the principal pressure areas
50.07.01.01. Location of the principal pressure areas
88 0 In which of the following areas do surface high pressure systems usually
id 4977 predominate over the North Atlantic region between 30°N and 65°N and the
adjoining land areas during the northern summer?
a Greenland, SW Europe, NE Canada
b Greenland, Azores, NE Canada
c Iceland, SW USA, Azores
d Azores
Azores,, SE US
USA,
A, SW
SW Europe
Europe
88 1 Select the answer which you consider will complete correctly the following
id 4988 statement in relation to the main pressure systems affecting the North Atlantic
region between 30°N and 65°N. During winter the predominant mean low pressure
system at the surface is usually centred over 
a US
USA
A
b Icelan
Iceland
d / Green
Greenlan
land
d
c Siberia
d  Azores
zores
88 2 Considering the North Atlantic region between 30°N and 65°N and the adjacent
id 4990 land areas during mid-summer, the predominant pressure systems are
a weak low over NE Canada and Scandinavian high
b Scandinavian high and Azores high
c Azores
Azores high and weak
weak low over N
NE
E Canada
Canada
d  Azores
zores low and
and Icelandi
Icelandic
c high

88 3 Considering the North Atlantic region between 30°N and 65°N together with the
id 4991 adjacent land areas during winter, the normal disposition of the main anticyclones
at the surface is
a Az
Azore
ores,
s, Si
Sibe
beri
ria
a
b Siberia, Iceland, Canaries
c NE Canada, Iceland
d Greenland, Iberian peninsula
88 4 The formation of high and low pressure areas is normally caused by:
id 6540

a Temperatu
Temperature
re differenc
differences.
es.
b Humidity.
c Mechanical turbulence.
d Storms.

88 5 Select the answer in relation to the main pressure systems affecting the North
id 6730  Atlantic
tlantic region
region between
between 30°N
30°N and
and 65°N:
65°N: During
During winter
winter the
the predomin
predominant
ant low
low
pressure system at the surface is usually centered over......
a US
USA
A
b Siberia
c  Azores
zores
d Icelan
Iceland
d & Gre
Greenl
enland
and
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 135 of 207

50.07.02. Cyclones & Anticyclones

50.07.02.01. Cyclones & Anticyclones, types, gen. properties, c
88 6 What is the correct term for the descending air flow in a large high pressure area?
id 1238

a Convection.
b Convergence.
c  Advect
dvection
ion..
d Subs
Subsid
iden
ence
ce..

88 7 What surface weather is associated with a stationary high pressure region over
id 1239 land in the winter?
a Thunderstorms.
b A tendenc
tendency
y for fog
fog and low ST.
ST.
c NS with continuous rain.
d The possibility of snow showers.

88 8 In temperate latitudes what weather conditions may be expected over land during
id 1240 the summer in the centre of a stationary high pressure zone ?
a NS
NS..
b TS, SH.

c CB, TS.
d Calm
Calm wi
winds
nds,, haze.
haze.
88 9 What is the most likely cause of a lack of clouds at higher levels in a stationary
id 1520 high?
a Instability
b Rising air 
c Si
Sink
nkin
ing
g ai
air r 
d Divergence at higher levels

89 0 Subsidence is :
id 3615

a vertically upwards motion of air 

b horizontal motion of air 
c vertically
vertically downwards
downwards motion
motion of air 
d the same as convection

89 1 The most effective way to dissipate cloud is by

id 4061

a convection
b su
subs
bsid
iden
ence
ce
c a decrease in temperature
d a decrease in pressure

89 2  Areas of sinking
sinking air
air are generally
generally cloudless
cloudless because
because as air sinks it
id 4064

a reaches warmer layers

b is heate
heated
d by compr
compress
ession
ion
c is heated by expansion
d loses water vapour 
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 136 of 207

89 3 If the pressure surfaces bulge upwards in all levels then the pressure system is a
id 4087

a cold low
b warm
warm high
high
c cold high
d warm low

89 4 The stable layer at some height in the low troposphere of an older high pressure
id 4089 area in the mid-latitudes is called
a subsid
subsidenc
ence
e inve
inversi
rsion
on
b friction inversion
c radiation inversion
d trade wind inversion
89 5  A blocking
blocking anticyc
anticyclone
lone on
on the norther
northern
n hemisphe
hemisphere
re is
id 4090

a a warm anticyclone/quasi stationary/situated between 50°N and 70°N

b quasi stationary/situated between 50°N and 70°N/ a cold anticyclone
c situated between 50° and 70°N/a cold anticyclone/steering depressions
d a cold anticyclone/steering depressions/situated over Scandinavia

89 6 Refer to the upper level chart: Flight path A - B, altimeter setting 1013,2 hPa:
id 6680

a Your true altitude is greater in B than in A

b Your true
true altitude
altitude is
is greater
greater in A than
than in B
c The wind speed is greater in A than in B
d The wind speed is equal in A and in B

50.07.03. Non frontal depressions

50.07.03.01. Thermal-, orographic- and sec. depress.
89 7 What is encountered during the summer, over land, in the centre of a cold air pool?
id 1235

a Nothing (CAVOK).
b Strong westerly winds.
c Fine weather CU.
d Showers
Showers and
and tthund
hunderst
erstorms
orms..

89 8 How do you recognize a cold air pool?

id 1236

a  A cold air
air pool may
may only be recog
recognized
nized on
on the surface
surface chart
chart as a low
low pres
pressure
sure area.
area.
b  As a high press
pressure
ure area
area aloft
aloft (e.g. on the 500
500 hPa chart).
chart).
c As a low pressure
pressure area
area aloft (e.g.
(e.g. on the 50
500
0 hPa chart).
chart).
d  A cold air
air pool may
may only be recogn
recognized
ized on the
the surface
surface chart
chart as a high
high press
pressure
ure area.
area.

89 9 What type of air movement is associated with the centre line of a trough?
id 1237

a Divergence with lifting.

b Divergence with descending air.
c Conver
Convergen
gence
ce with
with lifting
lifting..
d Convergence with descending air.
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 137 of 207

90 0 With an intense trough of low pressure over Iceland during wintertime the weather
id 2261 likely to be experienced is :
a strong wind shear,
shear, convection
convection and
and snow showers
b light wind, good visibility and a high cloud ceiling
c strong wind with subsidence at low levels
d strong wind associated with an almost clear sky

90 1 Extensive cloud and precipitation is often associated with a non frontal thermal
id 2557 depression because of :
a surface divergence and upper level convergence causing widespread descent of air in the depression
b surface convergence and upper level divergence causing widespread descent of air in the depression
c surface convergence and upper level divergence causing widespread ascent of air in the
depression
d surface divergence and upper level convergence causing widespread ascent of air in the depression
90 2 Which is true of a secondary depression in the northern hemisphere?
id 4993

a It tends to move round the

the primary
primary in a cycloni
cyclonic
c sense
b It tends to move round the primary in an anticyclonic sense
c It rapidly closes on, and merges with the primary
d It tends to maintain its position relative to the primary

90 3  A trough of
of low pressure
pressure on a surface
surface synoptic
synoptic chart is
is an area of 
id 5005

a divergence and subsidence

b convergence
convergence and widesp
widespread
read ascent
ascent
c divergence and widespread ascent
d convergence and subsidence

90 4 Which is true of a typical non frontal thermal depression?

id 5006

a It forms over the ocean in summer 

b It forms
forms over
over land in s
summer 
ummer 
c It forms over the ocean in winter 
d It forms over land in winter 

50.07.04. Tropical revolving storms

50.07.04.01. Development of tropical revolving storms
90 5 Where is the most dangerous zone in a tropical revolving storm?
id 1286

a  Anywhere
nywhere in
in the eye.
eye.
b In the wall of clo
clouds
uds around
around the
the eye
eye..
c In the centre of the eye.
d  About
bout 600 km away
away from
from the eye.
eye.

90 6 What type of clouds, visible even at a long distance, could indicate the presence of
id 1522 a tropical revolving storm?
a NS spread over a large area
b Frequent SC
c Excessive accumulation of CU
 d Dense
ense CI
50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 138 of 207

90 7 Tropical revolving storms do not occur in the southeast Pacific and the south
id 1933  Atlantic because
a there is no coriolis force present.
b of the low water
water temperat
temperature.
ure.
c of the strong southeast wind.
d the southeast trade winds cross over into the northern hemisphere.

90 8 What is the main energy source of a tropical revolving storm?

id 1936
a The equatorial jet stream.
b Temperature difference between equatorial low pressure trough and subtropical high pressure belt.
c Cold air advancing from temperate latitudes.
d Latent heat
heat released
released from condensing
condensing water
water vapour.
vapour.

90 9 What is the track most likely to be taken by a hurricane in the Carribean area?
id 4128

a West in the earlier stages and later south east

b East
c West deep into the U.S.
d West in the
the earlier
earlier stages
stages and later
later north
north east
east

91 0 Which statement is true for hurricanes in the North Atlantic?

id 4130

a From the earth's

earth's surface up to
to the tropopause
tropopause the core is warmer
warmer than it
its
s surroundings
surroundings
b They intensify rapidly after landfall
c The diameter is 50-500 m
d Their greatest frequency of occurrence is in winter 

91 1 Why do tropical revolving storms tend to develop mostly in the western parts of the
id 4994 tropical oceans?
a Because there is a maximal temperature difference between land mass and sea
b Because they are areas in which there is a strong progressive windshear with increase of height
c Because there
there is a maximum of humidity
humidity as a result of the
the trade winds`long
winds`long sea passage
passage
d Because the gulf formation of the coastlines triggers a strong rotary circulation

50.07.04.02. Origin and local names, location

91 2 What is the likely track for a hurricane in the Carribean area?
id 1233

a West in the earlie

earlierr stages and
and later turning
turning north
north east.
b East then south.
c West deep into the USA.
d West in the earlier stages and later turning south east.

91 3 During which seasons are hurricanes most likely to appear in the northern
id 1234 hemisphere?
a  All seasons.
b Winter.
c Winter and spring.
d Summe
Summerr an
and
d autumn
autumn..
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 139 of 207

91 4 On which coast of North America, is the danger of tropical revolving storms the
id 1521 greatest?
a NE coast
b W coast
c N coast
d SE c
co
oast

91 5  At what time

time of the year
year are typhoons
typhoons most
most likely to occur over
over the southern
southern islands
islands
id 1918 of Japan?
a January to May.
b September to January.
c July
July to
to Nov
Novemb
ember.
er.
d May to July.
91 6 During which months is the Hurricane season in the Caribbean?
id 1953

a January until April.

b October until January.
c July
July un
until
til Novemb
November.
er.
d  April until
until July.

91 7 The region of the globe where the greatest number of tropical revolving storms
id 2532 occur is
a the northern Indian ocean, affecting India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
b the carribean sea, affecting the West Indies, Mexico and the south-east coastline of the USA.
c the south-western Indian ocean, affecting Madagascar, Mauritius and the island of Réunion.
d the north-west Pacific, affecting
affecting Japan, Formosa, Korea and the Chinese
Chinese coastline.
coastline.

91 8 The arrows labelled "r" represent the mean tracks of tropical revolving storms
id 4992 which occur mainly from
a June to October and are called typhoons
b December to April and are called tornadoes
c December
December to April
April and are
are called
called cyclones
cyclones
d June to October and are called hurricanes

91 9 The arrows labelled "s" represent the mean tracks of tropical revolving storms
id 4995 which occur mainly from
a December to April and are called cyclones
b May to November
November and are ca
called
lled cyclones
cyclones
c May to November and are called hurricanes
d December to April and are called typhoons

92 0 The arrows labelled "u" represent the tracks of tropical revolving storms which
id 4997 occur mainly from
a January to March and are called willy-willies
b July to
to Octo
October
ber and
and are called
called typho
typhoons
ons
c May to July and are called cyclones
d December to April and are called tornadoes
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 140 of 207

92 1 When, if at all, is a tropical revolving storm most likely to affect Darwin, on the
id 4998 central north coast of Australia?
a Decemb
December
er to Ap
April
ril
b May to July
c  August to Octobe
October r 
d Not experienced at Darwin
 50.07. PRESSURE SYSTEMS 2002/12/22 Page 141 of 207

50.08. CLIMATOLOGY
50.08.01. Climatic zones
50.08.01.01. General seasonal circulation in the tropos.
92 2  At about
about what geograph
geographical
ical latitude
latitude as
as average
average is assumed
assumed for
for the zone
zone of
id 1984 prevailing westerlies?
a 50°N.
b 10°N.
c 30°N.
d 80°N.

92 3 The reason for the fact, that the Icelandic low is normally deeper in winter than in
id 3852 summer is that
a the strong winds of the north Atlantic in winter are favourable for the development of lows.
b the low pressure activity of the sea east of Canada is higher in winter.
c the temperature
temperature contrasts
contrasts between
between arctic and equatorial
equatorial areas
areas are much greater
greater in winter.
d converging air currents are of greater intensity in winter.

50.08.01.02. Tropical rain climate, dry climate,

92 4 What is the type, intensity and seasonal variation of precipitation in the equatorial
id 3856 region ?
a Precipitation is generally in the form of showers but continuous rain occurs also. The greatest
intensity is in July.
b Warm fronts are common with continuous rain. The frequency is the same throughout the year 
c Rainshowers,
Rainshowers, hail showers
showers and thunderstorms
thunderstorms occur the whole
whole year, but freq
frequency
uency is
highest during two periods: April-May and October-November.
d Showers of rain or hail occur throughout the year; the frequency is highest in January.
92 5 In which month does the humid monsoon in India start?
id 6752

a June
b December 
c March

d October 
50.08.02. Tropical climatology
50.08.02.02. Seasonal variations of weather and wind,
92 6 When are the rainy seasons in equatorial Africa?
id 1231

a March to May and Octobe

Octoberr to Novembe
November.
r.
b December to February and July to October.
c March to May and August to October.
d  April to
to July a
and
nd Dece
December
mber to Februa
February.
ry.
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 142 of 207

92 7 During July flights from Bangkok (13°N - 100°E) to Karachi (25°N - 67°E)
id 1985 experience an average tailwind component of 22 kt. In January the same flights,
also operating at FL 370, have an average headwind of 50 kt. What is the reason
for this difference?
a The flights happen to be in the area of the polar front jet stream.
b The flights during the summer encountered, by chance, very unusual, favorable conditions.
c The flights in January encountered, by chance, very unusual, adverse conditions.

d The wind components

components correspond
correspond to the seasonal
seasonal change of the
the regional wind
wind system.
92 8 Which of the following statements concerning trade winds is correct?
id 4147

a They reach up to the tropopause and are more pronounced over the continents
b They occur only in the lower part of the troposphere
troposphere and more pronounced over the oceans
c They reach up to the tropopause and are more pronounced over the oceans
d They occur only in the lower part of the troposphere and are more pronounced over the continents

50.08.02.03. Intertropical convergence (ITCZ), weather 

92 9 Which one of the following statements regarding the intertropical convergence
id 1227 zone (ITCZ) is correct?
a The ITCZ does not change its position during the course of the year.
b Thunderstorms seldom occur within the area of the ITCZ.
c The ITCZ is always associated with a strong jet stream.
d Frequent and widespread
widespread thunderstorms are to be ex
expected
pected within the area of tthe
he ITCZ.
93 0 In which of the following bands of latitude is the intertropical convergence zone
id 1228 most likely to be encountered in January, between Dakar and Rio de Janeiro?
a 8° - 12°S.
b 3° - 8°S.
c 0° - 7°N.
d 7° - 12°N.

93 1 Which of the following best describes the intertropical convergence zone ?

id 1232

a The zone where the Harmattan meets the northeasterly trade winds over Africa.
b The zone where
where the trade winds of the
the northern hemisphere
hemisphere meet those of the southern
hemisphere.
c The zone where cold fronts form in the tropics.
d The zone where the west winds meet the subtropical high pressure belt.
93 2 Where, during a flight from Marseille to Dakar, in July, may the ITCZ be
id 1524 encountered?
a  At the latitudes
latitudes of A
Algeria
lgeria
b Near the Canary Islands
c  At the latitudes
latitudes of
of Gibraltar 
Gibraltar 
d In the
the vicini
vicinity
ty of Dakar 
Dakar 
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 143 of 207

93 3 Which wind systems converge on the ITCZ, when it lies at the equator?
id 1525

a SE trade
trade winds
winds and
and NE trade winds
winds
b SW monsoon and NW monsoon
c SW monsoon and NW trade winds
d NW monsoon and SW trade winds

93 4 The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) particularly affects

id 2530
a western Africa, at a latitude of 25°N in July.
b western Africa
Africa between
between 10° and 20°N and
and the northern
northern coasts of the Arabian
Arabian sea in July.
July.
c the atlantic ocean, between latitudes 10°N and 30°N, depending on the time of year.
d western Africa, where it is situated between the 10°N and 30°N parallels, depending on the time of
the year.
93 5 Which one of the following statements is correct concerning the movement of the
id 3853 ITCZ in the region of West Africa?
a It reaches its maximum southerly position of 5° S in January
b It reaches its maximum
maximum northerly
northerly position
position of 15° - 20°
20° N in July
July
c It oscillates during the year between 10 degrees North and 10 degrees South.
d It oscillates during the year between the Equator and 10 degrees North.

93 6 What weather conditions are most likely to affect an approach to Dakar during July?
id 4018

a Reduced visibility due to the rising sand of the Harmattan

b Dry and clear due to the influence of the Azores high pressure system
c Generally clear skies - NW trade winds
d Wet and thundery due to the proximity of intertropical
intertropical convergence
convergence zone (I
(ITCZ)
TCZ)

93 7 Which of the following statements concerning the intertropical convergence zone

id 4092 is true?
a There are freque
frequent
nt occurren
occurrences
ces of
of CB
b It lies totally in the northern hemisphere in July and totally in the southern hemisphere in January
c It does not change its position over the oceans during the year 
d It is an area of low pressure and low relative humidity

93 8 The line labelled "Y" represents the

id 5001

a mean position of the temperate/tropical front during July

b axis of the subtropical jet stream during January
c mean position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during July
d mean position of the intertropical
intertropical convergence
convergence zone
zone (ITCZ) during January

50.08.02.04. Climatic elements relative to the area

93 9 What weather conditions are indications of the summer monsoon in India?
id 1229

a Fog.
b Stratus clouds and drizzle.

c Sandstorms.
d Thunderstorms,
Thunderstorms, showers of heavy
heavy rain.
rain.
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 144 of 207

94 0 What winds are mainly associated with the winter monsoon in the monsoon
id 1254 regions of the Indian sub-continent ?
a Northeaste
Northeasterly
rly winds
winds bringing
bringing dry and
and hazy air.
air.
b Southwesterly winds carrying warm and humid air.
c Northwesterl
Northwesterly
y winds bringing dry and hazy air.
d Southeasterly winds carrying warm and humid air.

94 1 What name is given to the low level wind system between the subtropical high
id 1282 pressure belt and the equatorial trough of low pressure (ITCZ) ?
a Tr
Trad
ade
e win
winds
ds..
b Doldrums.
c Westerly winds.
d Monsoon.
94 2 From which direction do the trade winds blow, in the southern hemisphere?
id 1526

a N
b NE
c SW
d SE

94 3 In which month does the humid monsoon in India start?

id 1983

a In October.
b In Jun
June.
c In December.
d In March.

94 4 What is the name of the wind or airmass which gives to the main part of India its
id 3854 greatest proportion of precipitation?
a Indian, maritime tropical air mass.
b South-east trade wind.
c South-
South-wes
westt monsoo
monsoon.
n.
d Winter monsoon.

94 5 Weather conditions at Bombay during early July are mainly influenced by the
id 4019

a NE monsoon and the proximity of the ITCZ

b SW mons
monsoo
oon
n
c passage of frontal system generated in the south indian ocean
d high incidence of tropical revolving storms originating in the persian gulf 

94 6 Weather conditions at Bombay during January are mainly influenced by the

id 4020

a SW monsoon
b NE mons
monsoo
oon
n
c NW monsoon
d SE monsoon
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 145 of 207

94 7 The transition from SW to NE monsoon in India occurs in

id 4091

a Septembe
September,
r, Oc
Octobe
tober,
r, Novembe
November r 
b July, August, September 
c December, January, February
d February, March, April

94 8 The prevailing surface wind in the area of the west coast of Africa north of the
id 4094 equator (gulf of Guinea) is a
a NE monsoon in winter and SE tradewind in summer 
b SW monsoon in winter and NE monsoon in summer 
c NE tradewind
tradewind in
in summer
summer and SE trade
tradewind
wind in
in winter 
winter 
d SW monsoon in summer and NE tradewind in winter 
94 9  Along the West
West coast
coast of India
India the prevai
prevailing
ling winds
winds are
are the
id 4149

a NE monsoon in July and a SW monsoon in January

b SW monsoon in July and a SE monsoon in January
c SW monsoon
monsoon in July
July and a NE monsoo
monsoon
n in January
January
d SE monsoon in July and a SW monsoon in January

95 0 To build a hurricane, the following conditions, among others, must be fulfilled:

id 6521

a The surface
surface temperature
temperature at least +27°C,
+27°C, and the building
building area 8 - 15° away from the
equator.
b Building area 5 - 6° away from the equator.
c Building area in the equatorial area.
d The hurricane must be in the western areas of the ocean.
95 1 Which is the greatest region of tropical revolving storms?
id 6799

a The north-west Pacific, affecting

affecting Japan, Formosa,
Formosa, Korea and the Chinese coastline
b The Bermuda Triangle
c The Carribean Sea, affecting Florida and the Bahamas
d The Gulf of Mexico, affecting Texas, Louisiana and Florida

50.08.02.05. Easterly waves

95 2 What weather is prevalent in the zone of easterly waves?
id 1253

a Thunders
Thunderstorm
torms
s and
and rai
rain.
n.
b Continuous rain.
c Clear skies.
d Frontal weather.
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 146 of 207

95 3  An easterly
easterly wave is a
id 4093

a wave in a trade wind belt,

belt, moving from east
east to west, with seve
severe
re convective
convective activi
activity
ty in rear
of its trough
b wave-like disturbance in the monsoon regime of India, moving from east to west, with severe
convective activity ahead of its trough
c small scale wave disturbance in the tropics, moving from east to west, with severe convective
activity ahead of its trough
d disturbance in the higher levels associated with the equatorial easterly jet, moving from east to west,
with severe convective activity in rear of its trough

50.08.03. Typical weather situations in mid-latitudes

50.08.03.01. Westerly waves
95 4 Which typical weather condition is shown by the design for the area of Central
id 1281 Europe ?
a West
Wester
erly
ly wav
waves
es
b Uniform pressure pattern
c Cutting wind
d Easterly waves

50.08.03.02. High pressure area

95 5 Which typical weather condition is shown by the design for northern Italy?
id 1830

a Westerly wind
b Warm southerly wind
c Hi
High
gh pre
press
ssur
ure
e
d Easterly wind

95 6 The attached chart shows the weather conditions on the ground at 1200 UTC on
id 1831 May 23. Which of the following reports reflects weather development at Zurich
 Airport?
irport?
a TAF LSZH 101601 05020G35KT 8000 BKN015 TEMPO 1720 05018KT 0300 +SHSN VV002 =
b TAF LSZH 101601 VRB02KT 8000 SCT280 BECMG 1618 00000KT 3500
3500 MIFG BECMG
BECMG 1820 1500
BCFG BECMG 2022 0100 FG VV001 =

c TAF LSZH 101601 23012KT 6000 RA BKN012 OVC030 TEMPO 2023 22025G40KT 1600 +SNRA
BKN003 OVC015 =
d TAF LSZH 101601 32008KT 9999 SCT030TCU TEMPO 2201 32020G32KT 3000 TSRA BKN020CB =
95 7 The weather most likely to be experienced at position "R" is
id 4021

a early morning fog lifting to low stratus

b fine and
and warm
warm with little
little or
or no cloud
cloud
c increasing high and medium cloud cover and generally good visibility
d mainly overcast with anticyclonic gloom
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 147 of 207

50.08.03.03. Uniform pressure pattern

95 8 Which typical weather situation is shown on the weather chart ? (spacing of the
id 1305 isobars: 5 hPa)
a Uniform
Uniform pre
pressu
ssure
re patte
pattern.
rn.
b Cutting wind.
c West wind condition.
d Warm south wind condition (Foehn).

95 9 With a uniform pressure pattern and no thunderstorms around, what will the
id 2470 indication of the aneroid altimeter of an aircraft parked on the ground do over a
period of about ten minutes?
a Apparently
Apparently nothing,
nothing, because
because any
any changes
changes would be
be small.
b Increase rapidly.
c Show strong fluctuations.
d Decrease rapidly.

50.08.03.04. Cold pool

96 0  A cold
cold pool
pool
id 4088

a normally disappears at night and occurs almost exclusively in summer 

b develops usually
southwards alonginthe
winter when
eastern very
side of unstable maritime
an extensive ridgepolar or pressure,
of high maritime arctic air currents
in association withstream
occluded systems
c is usually most evident in the circulation
circulation and temperature fields
fields of the middle troposphere
troposphere
and may show little or no sign on a surface chart
d occurs frequently in winter to the south of the Alps when this region is under the influence of cold
north-westerly airstream
96 1 What kind of weather conditions do you encounter in a cold air pool centre?
id 6719

a Showers
Showers and thun
thunders
derstorm
torms
s
b Light drizzle
c Light rain
d Mostly clear skies

50.08.04. Local seasonal weather and winds

50.08.04.01. Local seasonal weather and wind-
96 2 Which of the following zones is most likely to encounter little or no precipitation?
id 951

a The north side

side of the alps with
with a prevailing
prevailing Foehn
Foehn from the south.
south.
b The north side of the alps with a prevailing Foehn from the north.
c Frontal zones.
d Occlusions.

96 3 For an aircraft what are the meteorological dangers associated with a Harmattan
id 1181 wind?
a Sand up to FL 150.

b Thunderstorms.
c Dust
Dust and poor
poor vvisi
isibil
bility
ity..
 d Hail.

50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 148 of 207

96 4 What is the strong relatively cold katabatic wind, blowing down the northern Adriatic
id 1182 coast, mainly during the winter and spring called?
a Mistral.
b Ghibli.
c Bora.
d Scirocco.

96 5 Which weather phenomena are typical for the northern side of the Alps with stormy
id 1252 winds from the south (Foehn)?
a Good visibili
visibility,
ty, turbu
turbulenc
lence.
e.
b Continuous precipitation, severe turbulence.
c Decrease in temperature, moderate to severe icing.
d Icing, huge mass of clouds.
96 6 What is characteristic of the pamperos?
id 1523

a Foehn conditions in the Spanish Pyrenees

b Katabatic winds in the Atlas Mountains
c  A marked advanc
advance
e of cold arctic
arctic air
air in North
North America
America
d A marked
marked advan
advance
ce of cold
cold air in South America
America

96 7 What weather conditions in the region of the Alps would you expect with Foehn
id 1527 from south?
a Heavy airframe icing conditions on the northern side of the Alps
b Heavy clear air turbulence on the southern side of the Alps
c Strong north winds on the southern side of the Alps
d Clouds,
Clouds, on the southe
southern
rn side
sides
s of passes
passes in the Alps
Alps

96 8 Under the weather conditions depicted, which of the following statements is likely
id 2471 to apply?
a Severe gradient wind likely over Central Europe.
b Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms may occur
occur in the summer
summer months over
over Central
Central Europe.
c Moderate to strong Foehn in the Alps.
d Radiation fog is unlikely in Central Europe in the winter.

96 9 Considering the route indicates from Lisbon to Freetown, the Harmattan is a

id 2561

a warm southerly dust-bearing wind affecting the coast of North Africa.

b SW monsoonal wind causing extensive areas of advection fog along the West African coast south of
15°N.
c NE wind affecting
affecting north-west Africa
Africa during November
November to April reducing
reducing visibi
visibility
lity in rising
dust.
d localised depression giving squally winds.
97 0 The Foehn wind is a
id 3818

a warm anabatic wind

b cold fall wind
c warm
warm fa
fall
ll wi
wind
nd
d cold anabatic wind
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 149 of 207

97 1 The Chinook is a
id 3835

a warm and dry wind

wind that forms as
as air descends on the leeward
leeward side of the Rocky Mounta
Mountains
ins
b very cold wind with blowing snow
c downslope wind that occurs particularly at night as air cools along mountain slopes
d warm anabatic wind up the slopes of snowfields or glaciers

97 2  A strong, dry and warm

warm katabatic
katabatic wind,
wind, produced
produced by prior
prior enforced
enforced ascent
ascent of air
air
id 3837 over hills or mountains is known as a
a Bora
b Harmattan
c Mistral
d Foehn
97 3  A dry, sand-
sand- and dust-laden
dust-laden North
North Easterly
Easterly w
wind
ind that
that blows in winter
winter over
over large
id 3838 parts of North West Africa is known as a
a Scirocco
b Harm
Harmat
atta
tan
n
c Pampero
d Khamsin
97 4 What is the name of the northerly, cold and strong wind, that sometimes blows
id 3849 over a certain part of Europe?
a Bora.
b Foehn.
c Mistral.
d Typhoon.

97 5 What are the characteristics of the Bora ?

id 3850

a It is a warm and moist, southwesterly wind experienced in the eastern Mediterranean, that usually
carries precipitation.
b It is a very cold wind that blows mainly in winter from a northwesterly direction in the Mediterranean
c It is a cold and very
very strong wind that blows mainly
mainly in winter from a tableland downwards
to the Adriatic
d It is a dry and hot southerly wind experienced in the Sahara desert, that often carries dust.
97 6 What is the name of the
t he hot, local wind, that blows downwards from mountain
id 3851 chains? In the Alps, for instance, it may exist both as a southerly or northerly wind
depending on the weather situation.
a Foehn.
b Mistral.
c Bora.
d Scirocco.
97 7 Which one of the following local winds is a Foehn wind?
id 4023

a Harmattan
b Scirocco
c Chinook
d Bora
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 150 of 207

97 8 The Bora is a
id 4171

a cold catabatic wind with gusts associated with a maritime air mass
b squally warm catabatic wind which occurs mainly in summer 
c cold catabatic
catabatic wind
wind with the possibility
possibility of violent gusts
d cold catabatic wind always associated with clouds and heavy showers

97 9  A Foehn wind occurs

occurs on the
id 5007
a leeward side of a mountain range and is caused by the condensation level being lower on the
leeward side than on the windward side
b windward side of a mountain range and is caused by surface heating
c windward side of a mountain range and is caused by surface cooling and reverse air flow
d leeward side of a mountain
mountain range and is caused by significant
significant moisture
moisture loss by
precipitation from cloud
98 0 Which of the following is a cold katabatic wind flowing towards the Adriatic Sea?
id 6732

a Bora
b Scirocco
c Ghibli
d Mistral

98 1 What typical weather do you encounter during foehn conditions north of the Alps?
id 6741

a Good weather 
b Turbulen
Turbulence
ce during
during south
south foehn
foehn
c Heavy rain and NS clouds
d Icing

98 2 What does this picture depict?

id 6773

a  A wester
westerly
ly wave
wave over
over Cent
Central
ral Euro
Europe
pe
b  A high
high pressu
pressure
re area
area over
over Centr
Central
al Europ
Europe
e
c Sout
South
h foeh
foehn
n

d North foehn
98 3 What does this picture depict?
id 6774

a  A wester
westerly
ly wave
wave over
over Cent
Central
ral Euro
Europe
pe
b  A high
high pressu
pressure
re area
area over
over Centr
Central
al Europ
Europe
e
c South foehn
d Nort
North
h foe
foehn
hn

98 4 What can be said about this weather situation?

id 6805

a VFR flights over the Alps can easily be conducted

b The Alps
Alps are in clouds
clouds from
from the
the sou
south
th
c Severe turbulence in the south and icing in the north can be encountered
d Very good VFR conditions prevail on the south side of the Alps
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 151 of 207

98 5 What can be said about this weather situation?

id 6806

a VFR flights over the Alps can easily be conducted

b Precipitatio
Precipitation
n can be expecte
expected
d north of
of the Alps
Alps
c The Alps are in clouds from the south
d Marginal VFR conditions prevail on the south side of the Alps

98 6 Define the Chinook:

id 6810
a Warm and dry air
air descending
descending at the leeward
leeward side
side of the Rocky
Rocky Mountains
Mountains
b Cold and dry air descending at the leeward side of the Appalachian Mountains
c  A dust and sand
sand laden northea
northeasterl
sterly
y wind in Northwe
Northwest
st Africa
Africa
d Warm and dry air ascending on the West Side of the Rocky Mountains

98 7 Define the Foehn:

id 6811

a Warm and dry air descending

descending at the
the leeward
leeward side of the
the Alps
b Cold and dry air descending at the leeward side of the Appalachian Mountains
c Strong, cold wind, mostly observed in the Rhone valley, blowing towards Southern France
d Warm and dry air ascending on the west side of the Alps

98 8 What is a dry, sand and dust-laden northeasterly wind in the winter in Northwest
id 6812  Africa?
a Harm
Harmat
atta
tan
n
b Khamsin
c Scirocco
d Pampero
 50.08. CLIMATOLOGY  2002/12/22 Page 152 of 207

50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS

50.09.01. Icing
50.09.01.01. Weather conditions ice accretion, topogr.
98 9 You have been flying for some time in dense layered cloud. The outside air
id 1832 temperature is -25°C. Which of the following statements is true?
a If you do not have weather radar on board there is no need to worry, as CB is unlikely to form in
such cloud
b Severe airframe icing is quite likely under these conditions
c Severe airframe
airframe icing
icing is unlikely
unlikely under
under these condition
conditions
s
d In a dense layered cloud icing is unlikely also at an outside air temperature of -5°C
99 0  Atmospheric
tmospheric soundings
soundings give the following
following temperature
temperature profile : 3000 FT +15°C
id 1990 6000 FT +8°C 10000 FT +1°C 14000 FT -6°C 18000 FT -14°C 24000 FT -26°C At
which of the following flight levels is the risk for aircraft icing, in cloud, greatest?
a FL 80
b FL 150
c FL 180
d FL 220
99 1 On the approach, the surface temperature is given as -5°C. The freezing level is at
id 1991 3000 FT/AGL. At 4000 FT/AGL, there is a solid cloud layer from which rain is
falling. According to the weather briefing, the clouds are due to an inversion caused
by warm air sliding up and over an inclined front. Would you expect icing?
a Yes, betwee
between
n groun
ground
d level
level and 3000
3000 FT/AGL.
FT/AGL.
b Yes, but only between 3000 and 4000 FT/AGL.
c No, flights clear of cloud experience no icing.
d No, absolutely no icing will occur.
99 2 In which environment is aircraft structural ice most likely to have the highest rate of
id 2255 accretion ?
a Cirrus clouds.
b Fr
Free
eezi
zing
ng rain
rain..
c Stratus clouds.
d Snow.
99 3 In which of these temperature bands is ice most likely to form on the aircraft's
id 2472 surface?
a -20°C to -35°C
b +10°C to 0°C
c 0°
0°C
C to
to -10
-10°C
°C
d -35°C to -50°C

99 4 Which of the following statements is true regarding moderate-to-severe airframe

id 2473 icing?
a It may occur in the uppermost levels of a cumulonimbus capillatus formation
b It will occur in clear-sky conditions

c It is likely
likely to occur in nimbostrat
nimbostratus
us cloud
cloud
d It always occurs in altostratus cloud
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 153 of 207

99 5 Which of the following statements is true regarding moderate-to-severe airframe

id 2474 icing?
a It may occur in the uppermost levels of a cumulonimbus capillatus formation
b It always occurs in altostratus cloud
c It is unlikely to occur in nimbostratus cloud
d It will not occur
occur in clear-sky conditions
conditions

99 6 In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out?

id 2475
a CU
b SC
c NS
d CI

99 7 In which of these cloud types can icing be virtually ruled out?

id 2476

a NS
b  AS
c SC
d CS

99 8
id 2477 Which of the following conditions is most likely to cause airframe icing ?
a PE
b GR
c SHSN
d +FZRA

99 9 Continuous freezing rain is observed at an airfield. Which of the four diagrams is

id 2478 most likely to reflect temperatures above the airfield concerned?
a Diagram b)
b Diagram c)
c Diag
Diagra
ram
m d)
d Diagram a)

1000 In which of the following situations is an aircraft most susceptible to icing ?

id 2759

a Level flight
flight below a rain
rain producing
producing cloud when
when OAT is below zero
zero degrees
degrees C.
b Flying in dense cirrus clouds.
c Level flight in snowfall below a nimbostratus layer.
d Flying in heavy drizzle.

1001 Which of the following cloud types are most likely to produce light to moderate icing
id 2760 when they are not subject to orographic lifting and consist of supercooled cloud
droplets?
a Stratocumulus and cirrostratus
b Altocumu
Altocumulus
lus and
and altostra
altostratus.
tus.
c Stratus and cumulonimbus

d  Altostratus
ltostratus and cirrocum
cirrocumulus
ulus
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 154 of 207

1002  A winter day in northern

northern Europe with a thick
thick layer
layer of stratocumulus
stratocumulus clouds and
and
id 2761 temperature close to zero degrees C at ground level, you can expect:
a Reduced visibility and light icing in clouds
b Decreasing visibility due to snowfall below cloud base, but only light icing in clouds.
c A high probability
probability for icing in clouds. Severe
Severe icing in the upper part due to accumulation
accumulation of
large droplets.
d Turbulence due to a strong inversion, but no icing because clouds consist of ice crystals

1003 Which one of the following statements concerning the formation of aircraft icing is
id 2762 most correct ?
a Risk for icing increases when cloud temperature decreases well below minus 12 degrees C.
b Greatest risk of icing conditions is experienced in cirrus clouds.
c A cloud consisting of both supercooled cloud droplets and ice crystals produces aircraft
icing
d Probability of icing increases when dry snow starts to fall from a cloud.
1004 Which of the following factors have the greatest effect on the formation of the
id 3844 various types of ice on an aircraft ?
a Relative humidity inside the cloud
b  Aircraft
ircraft speed and
and size of
of cloud drople
droplets
ts
c  Aircraf
ircraftt speed
speed and curva
curvature
ture of
of the airfoi
airfoill

d Cloud temperature
temperature and droplet size
1005  A vertical
vertical temperature
temperature profile
profile indicate
indicates
s the possibili
possibility
ty of severe
severe icing
icing when
when the
id 3996 temperature profile
a coincides with a dry adiabatic lapse rate
b intersects
intersects the 0°C
0°C isothe
isotherm
rm twice
twice
c indicates temperatures below -40°C
d indicates temperatures above 3°C
1006 Freezing fog exists if fog droplets
id 4081

a are frozen
b are super
superco
cool
oled
ed
c are freezing very rapidly

d freeze when temperature falls below zero

1007 In which meteorological environment is aircraft structural icing most likely to have
id 6486 the highest rate of accumulation ?
a Cumulonimbus clouds.
b High humidity and freezing temperature.
c Heavy wet snow.
d Fr
Free
eezi
zing
ng rain
rain..

1008 If you fly into rain which freezes on impact ?

id 6495

a You have flown into an area of thunderstorms.

b Temperatures
Temperatures are above
above freezing
freezing at some higher
higher altitude.
altitude.
c You have flown through a cold front.
d If you descend, you will fly out of the icing condition.
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 155 of 207

1009 Carburettor icing is unlikely:

id 6617

a In clouds
b At temperat
temperatures
ures betwee
between
n -10°C and
and -30°
-30°C
C
c When the relative humidity is 40%
d

1010  Airframe icing:

id 6634
a Cannot occur outside cloud or precipitation
b Can occur
occur outside
outside cloud
cloud or precipita
precipitation
tion
c Can only occur if the Outside Air Temperature (OAT) is below freezing
d Occurs only, when the temperature is below -15C

1011 Observation: Surface temperature -5°C, FZLVL 3000 ft: The solid cloud deck at
id 6753 4000 ft with RA is an inversion. Do you expect icing?
a Yes,
Yes, betw
between
een G
GND
ND and
and 3000
3000 ft AGL
AGL
b No
c Yes, at approx. 4000 ft
d Yes, between 3000 and approx. 8000 ft
1012
id 6790 In which cloud type does moderate to severe airframe icing most probably occur?
a NS
b ST
c CS
d  AC

1013 What can be said about supercooled water droplets?

id 6818

a They remain
remain liquid
liquid at a below-freez
below-freezing
ing temp
temperat
erature
ure
b They don't contribute to clear ice
c They only occur in CB clouds
d They cool to a below-freezing temperature on impact

1014 Which cloud type of the following is most prone to airframe icing?
id 6821

a NS
b  AS
c CC
d ST

1015 In which cloud type of the following does no airframe icing occur?
id 6822

a CI
b NS
c CB
d  AS
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 156 of 207

1016 What can be said if you encounter +FZRA during flight?

id 6823

a Icing
Icing will
will most
most probabl
probably
y occ
occur 
ur 
b There is no significant icing to expect
c Freezing rain consists of water droplets which supercool to below-freezing temperatures on impact
d Only light rime ice has to be expected

1017 In which temperature range does clear ice most commonly occur?
id 6924
a -5°C to -10°C
b -10°C to -15°C
c below -15°C
d 0°
0°C
C to
to --6°
6°C
C

1018 In which temperature range does rime ice most commonly occur?
id 6925

a -5°C to -10°C
b -1
-10°
0°C
C to
to -15
-15°C
°C
c around freezing level
d 0°C to -6°C

1019
id 6926 In which temperature range does mixed ice most commonly occur?
a -5
-5°C
°C to -10°
-10°C
C
b -10°C to -15°C
c around freezing level
d 0°C to -6°C

50.09.01.02. Types of ice accretion

1020 Rime ice forms through the freezing onto aircraft surfaces of 
id 717

a water vapour.
b large supercooled water drops.
c small
small supercoo
supercooled
led water
water drops
drops..
d snow.

1021 Under which conditions would you expect the heaviest clear ice accretion to occur
id 1528 in a CB?
a Close to the freezing level
b Between -20°C and -30°C
c Betwee
Between
n -2°C
-2°C and -15°
-15°C
C
d Between -30°C and -40°C

1022 Clear ice forms on an aircraft by the freezing of :

id 1529

a water vapour 
b lar
large
ge superco
supercoole
oled
d wate
waterr drops
c small supercooled water drops
d snow
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 157 of 207

1023 Hoar frost is most likely to form when

id 3845

a flying inside convective clouds.

b taking off from an airfield with a significant ground inversion.
c flying inside stratiform clouds.
d flying in supercooled drizzle.

1024 While descending through a cloud cover at high level, a small amount of a white
id 3847 and rough powderlike contamination is detected along the leading edge of the wing.
This contamination is called:
a Clear ice.
b Ri
Rime
me ic
ice.
e.
c Mixed ice.
d Frost.
1025  A small supercooled
supercooled cloud
cloud droplet
droplet that
that collides
collides with an airfoil
airfoil will most likely
likely
id 3848

a freeze immediately
immediately and create
create rime
rime ice.
ice.
b freeze immediately and create clear ice.
c travel back over the wing, creating rime ice.
d travel back over the wing, creating clear ice.

1026 Glaze or clear ice is formed when supercooled droplets are

id 3990

a small and at a temperature just below freezing

b large and at a temperature just below
below freezing
freezing
c small and freeze rapidly
d of any size at temperatures below -35°C.

1027 Clear ice is dangerous because it

id 4005

a spreads out and contains many air particles

b is translucent and only forms at the leading edges
c is not translucent and forms at the leading edges
d is heavy and is difficult
difficult to remove from the aircraft surfaces

1028 During the formation of rime ice in flight, water droplets freeze
id 4116

a rapidly
rapidly and
and do
do not spread
spread out
out
b slowly and do not spread out
c slowly and spread out
d rapidly and spread out

1029 Hoar frost forms on an aircraft as a result of 

id 4118

a water vapour
vapour turning directly
directly into ice crystals
crystals on the aircraft
aircraft surface
surface
b freezing rain striking the aircraft
c droplets forming on the aircraft and then freezing

d small super-cooled droplets striking the aircraft

 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 158 of 207

1030 Clear ice forms as a result of 

id 4123

a supercooled water droplets

droplets spreading
spreading during
during the freezing process
b water vapour freezing to the aircraft
c ice pellets splattering on the aircraft
d supercooled droplets freezing on impact

1031 Large supercooled water drops, which freeze on impact on an airplane, form
id 4126
a rime ice
b cl
cle
ear ice
c hoar frost
d cloudy ice

1032 The type of icing that occurs in dense clouds with large supercooled drops that
id 4127 have a temperature of -5°C is most likely to be
a cl
cle
ear ice
b hoar frost
c rime ice
d cloudy ice
1033
id 6493 Clear ice is most often experienced, when the outside temperature is:
a 0° to minus 20° C.
b Minus 5° to minus 10°.
c Minus 5° to plus 5°.
d 0° to
to minu
minus
s 5°
5° C.
C.

1034 While forming rime ice in flight, water droplets freeze........

id 6815

a rapidly
rapidly and
and do
do not spread
spread out
out
b rapidly and spread out extensively
c slowly and do not spread out
d on impact, at temperatures near the freezing level

1035 While forming clear ice in flight, water droplets freeze........

id 6816

a rapidly and do not spread out

b and sprea
spread
d out exten
extensiv
sively
ely
c slowly and do not spread out
d on impact, at temperatures lower than -10°C

1036 When is clear ice formed?

id 6817

a When supercooled
supercooled droplets
droplets are large
large and at a temperature
temperature just below
below freezing
freezing
b When supercooled droplets freeze rapidly and do not spread out
c When supercooled droplets are small and at a temperature just below freezing
d When supercooled droplets impact the structure and at a temperature well below -10°C
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 159 of 207

1037 Which airframe icing is the most dangerous?

id 6819

a Cle
lear
ar ic
ice
e
b Rime ice
c Hoar frost
d Mixed ice

50.09.01.03. Hazards of ice accretion, avoidance

1038 How does a pilot react to heavy freezing rain at 2000 FT/AGL, when he is unable to
id 718 deice, nor land?
a He turns back before
before the aircraft loses manoeuvrability.
manoeuvrability.
b He descends to the warm air layer below.
c He ascends to the cold air layer above.
d He continues to fly at the same altitude.
1039 The most dangerous form of airframe icing is
id 2259

a rime ice.
b hoar frost.
c dry ice.

d cl
clea
earr iice
ce..
1040  At what degree of icing should ICAO's "Change
"Change of course
course and/or
and/or altitude
altitude desirable
desirable""
id 2479 recommendation be followed?
a Light
b Mode
Modera
rate
te
c Severe
d Extreme
1041  At what degree of icing should ICAO's "Change
"Change course and/or altitude immediately"
immediately"
id 2480 instruction be followed?
a Light
b Severe
c Moderate
d Extreme

1042  At what degree

degree of
of icing can
can ICAO's "No change
change of course
course and
and altitude
altitude necessary"
necessary"
id 2481 recommendation be followed?
a Moderate
b Light
c Severe
d Extreme

1043 Two aircraft, one with a sharp wing profile (S), and the other with a thick profile (T),
id 3846 are flying through the same cloud with same true airspeed. The cloud consists of
small supercooled droplets. Which of the following statements is most correct
concerning ice accretion ?
a  Aircraft
ircraft T experience
experiences
s more ic
icing
ing than S.
S.
b Aircraft
Aircraft S experienc
experiences
es more
more icing than T.
 c  Aircraft
ircraft S and T experie
experience
nce the same
same amount
amount of iicing
cing
d Neither of the aircraft accumulate ice due to the small size of droplets.

50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 160 of 207

1044 Why is frost considered hazardous to flight ?

id 6496

a The increased weight requires a greater takeoff distance.

b Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoil.
c Frost decreases control effectiveness.
d Frost causes
causes early airflow
airflow separation
separation resulting
resulting in a loss
loss of lift.

1045 The possibility of significant icing at altitude, should be expected when on ground
id 6498 you observe:
a Ic
Ice
e gra
grain
ins.
s.
b Hail.
c Snow.
d Corn-snow.

50.09.02. Turbulence
50.09.02.01. Effects on flight, avoidance
1046 How does moderate turbulence affect an aircraft?
id 1179

a Large, abrupt changes in altitude or attitude occur but the aircraft may only be out of control
momentarily.

b Rapid and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness is experienced without appreciable changes in altitude or
attitude.
c Changes in altitude
altitude or attitude
attitude occur but
but the aircraft remains in positive
positive control
control at all times.
times.
d Continued flight in this environment will result in structural damage.
1047  A zone of
of strong convection
convection currents
currents is encoun
encountered
tered during
during a flight.
flight. In spite of
id 1942 moderate gust you decide to continue the flight. What are your precautionary
measures?
a Increase the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents.
b Increase the speed / try to climb above the zone of convective currents, if aircraft performance
parameters allow.
c Decrease the speed / try to descend below the zone of convective currents.
d Decrease the speed
speed / try to climb above the zone of convective
convective currents if aircraft
performance parameters allow.

1048 What is normally the most effective measure to reduce or avoid CAT effects?
id 1988

a Decrease of speed.
b Change of course.
c Increase of speed.
d Change
Change o
off flight
flight leve
level.
l.

1049  An aircraft is approaching

approaching a cold front from the warm
warm air mass
mass side at FL 270 and
id 2244 experiencing moderate to severe turbulence. A jet stream is forecast to be at FL
310. The shortest way to get out of this turbulence is by :
a Climbing
b Desc
Descen
endi
ding
ng
c Turn right
d Maintain FL 270
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 161 of 207

1050  A flight is to depart

depart from an airport
airport with runways
runways 09 and
and 27. Surface
Surface wind
wind is 270/05;
270/05;
id 3857 an inversion is reported at 300 feet with turbulence and wind shear. The wind just
above the inversion is 090/30. What is the safest departure procedure ?
a Depart runway 27 with as steep an ascent as possible.
b Depart runway 27 with maximum throttle during the passage through the inversion.
c Depart
Depart on runwa
runway
y 09 with
with a tailwi
tailwind.
nd.
d Take-off is not possible under these conditions.

1051 Wake turbulence is created by:

id 6558

a Cumulonimbus clouds.
b Behind high buildings less than 300 m from the runway.
c Wind forces greater than 50 kts.
d The wingtips
wingtips of heavy aircraft
aircraft during
during takeoff
takeoff and landing.
landing.

50.09.02.02. CAT: effects on flight

1052 The degree of clear air turbulence experiencied by an aircraft is proportional to the
id 2260

a intensity of the solar radiation

b height of the aircraft
c stability of the air 
d intensity
intensity of vertical
vertical and horizont
horizontal
al windshear 
windshear 

1053 The turbulence which occurs at high flight levels (above FL 250) is mainly of the
id 3858 type Clear Air Turbulence. In what way can moderate to severe clear air turbulence
affect an aircraft, the flight and the passengers?
a The turbulence
turbulence is a small
small scale one and
and can cause damage
damage of worn out
out type. The
manoeuvring of the aircraft will be made more difficult or even impossible. For the
passengers the flight will be inpleasant.
b The turbulence is a large scale one (waving) so that the aircraft will be difficult to manoeuvre. The
passengers will feel some discomfort.
c The turbulence can be resembled with the roughness of a washing-board (small scale) and will not
have influence on the aircraft and its solidity, but will make flight a little more difficult. The
passengers will seldom notice anything of this turbulence.
d The turbulence is wave like which makes the flight unpleasent for the passengers but the
manoeuvring will not be affected essentially.
essentially.
1054 Clear air turbulence (CAT) should be anticipated when:
id 6553

a Immediately after the passage of a thunderstorm.

b  A sharp trough
trough area
area aloft is presen
presentt with wind
wind speed
speed considerab
considerably
ly higher
higher than th
that
at of jet
jetstrea
stream
m
winds.
c A sharp trough area
area aloft is present,
present, even though
though the wind speeds
speeds may be c
considerably
onsiderably
less than that of jetstream winds.
d Whenever a high pressure is present close to a thunderstorm area.
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 162 of 207

50.09.03. Windshear 
50.09.03.01. Weather conditions for vertical windshears
1055 What is the effect of a strong low level inversion ?
id 134

a It results in good visual conditions.

b It promotes extensive vertical movement of air.

c It prevents vertical windshear.

d It promote
promotes s vertica
verticall windshe
windshear.
ar.

1056 Low level wind shear is likely to be greatest

id 1836

a at the condensation level when there is strong surface friction.

b at the condensation level when there is no night radiation.
c at the top of a marked
marked sur
surface
face-bas
-based
ed inve
inversio
rsion.
n.
d at the top of the friction layer.

1057 Vertical wind shear is

id 4097

a horizontal variation in the horizontal wind

b vertical variation in the vertical wind

c vertica
verticall variation
variation in the horizon
horizontal
tal wind
wind
d horizontal variation in the vertical wind

1058 What is meant by the expression "windshear"?

"windshear"?
id 6534

a A change of wind- direction

direction and/or
and/or speed in horizontal
horizontal and/o
and/orr vertical dir
direction
ection..
b Whirlwind.
c The retardation of wind at the friction layer.
d Interference when to wind streams meet.

50.09.03.02. Weather conditions for horiz. windshears

1059 Low level vertical wind shear can be expected during the night
id 3820

a and early morning only in summer 

b in unstable atmospheres
c and early morning only in winter 
d in associati
association
on with radiati
radiation
on inversion
inversions
s

1060 The most dangerous low level wind shears are encountered
id 4096

a when strong
strong ground inversions are present
present and near
near thunderstorms
thunderstorms
b in areas with layered clouds and wind speeds higher than 35 kts
c during any period when wind speed is greater than 35 kt and near valleys
d near valleys and at the windward side of mountains.
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 163 of 207

1061  Above
bove and below
below a lo
low
w level
level inversi
inversion
on the
the wind
wind is likel
likely
y to
id 4142

a experience little or no change in speed and direction

b change in speed but not in direction
c change in direction but not in speed
d change
change signif
significan
icantly
tly in speed
speed and direction
direction

50.09.04. Thunderstorms
50.09.04.01. Structure of thunderstorms, squall lines,
1062 Where is a squall line to be expected?
id 1250

a  At the surface

surface posit
position
ion of a warm
warm front.
front.
b Behind a cold front.
c In front of a cold front occlusion at higher levels.
d In front
front of an acti
active
ve cold
cold front.
front.

1063 What are squall lines?

id 1251

a Unusual intensive cold fronts.

b Bands
Bands of intensiv
intensive
e thunderst
thunderstorms
orms..

c The surface weather associated with upper air troughs.

d The paths of tropical revolving storms.

1064 What weather condition would you expect at a squall line?

id 1530

a Strong steady rain

b Thund
Thunder
erst
stor
orms
ms
c Fog
d Strong whirlwinds reaching up to higher levels

1065  At which

which altitude,
altitude, at tempera
temperate
te latitudes,
latitudes, ma
may
y hail be expected
expected in
in connection
connection with
with a
id 1943 CB?
a From the
the ground
ground up to
to a maximum
maximum of
of FL 45
450.
0.
b From the ground up to about FL 200.
c From the ground up to about FL 100.
d From the base of the clouds up to FL 200.
1066  A squall
squall line
line usually
usually is most
most likely
likely to be
be encountere
encountered
d
id 4086

a at an occluded front
b ahead
ahead o
off a c
cold
old front
front
c in an airmass with cold mass properties
d behind a stationary front

1067 During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominantly
id 4099 by downdrafts?
a Di
Diss
ssip
ipati
ating
ng sta
stage
ge

b Cumulus stage
c Mature stage
 d  Anvil
nvil sta
stage
ge

50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 164 of 207

1068 What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
id 4100

a Frequent lightning
b Roll cloud
c Contin
Continuou
uous
s updr
updraft
aft
d Rain or hail at the surface

1069  A gustfront
gustfront is
is
id 4103

a normally encountered directly below a thunderstorm

b formed
formed by the cold a
air
ir outflow
outflow from a thunder
thunderstorm
storm
c characterized by heavy lightning
d another name for a cold front

1070 In which stage of the life cycle of a single thunderstorm cell occur both up- and
id 4111 downdrafts simultaneously?
a Dissipating stage
b Cumulus stage
c Matu
Mature
re st
stag
age
e
d In all stages
1071
id 6425 Which thunderstorms
heavy hail generally
and destructive windsproduce
? the most severe conditions, such as
a Warm front.
b Squa
Squall
ll li
line
ne..
c  Air mass.
d Cold front.

1072 Where can wind shear associated with a thunderstorm be found ? (Choose the
id 6428 most complete answer.)
a In front of the thunderstorm cell (anvil side).
b  Ahead of
of the roll
roll clouds
clouds or gust front.
front.
c In front of the thunderstorm cell and directly under the cell.
d On all sides of the thunderstorm cell and directly under the cell.

1073 Between the external appearance of a severe thunderstorm and the turbulence and
id 6489 hail that are contained within it, there is:
a  A strong
strong correlati
correlation.
on.
b Apparently
Apparently no correlation
correlation..
c  A moderate
moderate corre
correlati
lation.
on.
d Both b) and c) are correct.

1074 Which type of clouds are associated with "Microburst"?

id 6514

a Stratus (st).
b  Altocumulus
ltocumulus (ac).
(ac).
c Cumulo
Cumulonim
nimbus
bus (cb).
(cb).
d Cumulus (cu).
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 165 of 207

1075 In a microburst you may experience strong wind shear, the horizontal extension of
id 6515 this area being:
a 1 - 3 km.
b 8 km.
c 10 km.
d 15 km.

1076 Which of the following weather factors will not cause the formation of
id 6539 thunderstorms?
a  An occlusion
occlusion..
b  A warm front.
front.
c  A cold front.
front.
d Sea
Sea fog
fog..
1077 What is a squall line?
id 6740

a A band
band of int
intens
ense
e thunder
thunderstor
storms
ms
b  A band of cumul
cumulus
us clouds
clouds
c Extended areas of nimbostratus clouds
d Fog patches ahead of a warm front

1078
id 6781 What is the location of a squall line?
a Ahead
Ahead o
off a c
col
old
d front
front
b  Ahead
head of
of a warm
warm fron
frontt
c Between cold and warm front
d On the rear side of a frontal system

1079 Which statement is true with regard to a thunderstorm?

id 6824

a Updrafts
Updrafts in CU clouds, up- and downdrafts
downdrafts as well
well as downdrafts
downdrafts only in the CB (mature
and dissipating stage)
b Up- and downdrafts can occur in CU and CB clouds
c Only downdrafts may be expected in the mature and dissipating stage (CB) of a thunderstorm
d Hail must be expected in all stages
1080 What is a microburst?
id 6846

a A downdrau
downdraught
ght of a CB
CB in the matur
mature
e stage
stage
b  A downdrau
downdraught,
ght, occu
occurrin
rring
g when
when a warm front
front passe
passes
s by
c Severe windshear, caused by a low level jet stream
d Up- and downdraughts during a thunderstorm

1081 What is the size of a microburst?

id 6847

a Approxi
Approximate
mately
ly 4 kms iin
n diamete
diameter r 
b  Approximate
pproximately
ly 200 metres
metres in diameter 
diameter 
c  A widespread
widespread area
area of approx
approximate
imately
ly 10 kms
kms

d  A small,
small, clear
clearly
ly defined
defined ar
area
ea of about
about 50 metres
metres in diameter 
diameter 
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 166 of 207

1082 Describe the microburst:

id 6854

a A high speed downburst of air with

with a generally
generally lower temperature than its surroundings
b Sinking air of higher temperature than its surroundings
c Precipitation at the base of a cumulonimbus cloud
d Horizontal movement of air, generally colder than its surroundings

1083 What is true about thunderstorms?

id 6938

a They occur at cold fronts only

b They only occur, when a cold front occlusion is present
c They can exceptiona
exceptionally
lly occur at a warm
warm front, when
when warm air
air is unstable
unstable
d They occur only in the summertime

50.09.04.02. Conditions for and process of developme

development,
nt,
1084 In Central Europe when is the greatest likelihood for thunderstorms due to warm
id 1247 updrafts?
a Mid
Mid - afte
aftern
rnoo
oon.
n.
b  Around
round midnight
midnight..
c Early morning.

d Late morning.
1085 During which stage of thunderstorm development are rotor winds characterized by
id 1248 roll clouds most likely to occur ?
a Dissipating stage.
b Cumulus stage.
c Matu
Mature
re st
stag
age.
e.
d Cumulus stage and mature stage.
1086 What are the meteorological prerequisites, at low level, for thunderstorms formed
id 1249 by lifting processes, over land?
a Low temperatures, low humidity.
b High air pressure (> 1013 hPa), high temperatures.
c High temperatu
temperatures,
res, high humidity.
humidity.
d Subsidence, inversion.

1087 Which of the following meteorological phenomenon indicates upper level instability
id 1937 which may lead to thunderstorm development ?
a Red cirrus.
b  AC lenticularis.
lenticularis.
c Halo.
d AC cas
caste
tell
llan
anus
us..

1088 Isolated thunderstorms of a local nature are generally caused by

id 1938

a frontal lifting (warm front).

b thermal
thermal trig
triggeri
gering.
ng.
c frontal lifting (cold front).
d frontal occlusion.
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 167 of 207

1089 Which thunderstorms move forward the fastest?

id 1939

a Thunderstorms formed by lifting processes.

b Frontal
Frontal thunders
thunderstorm
torms.
s.
c Thermal thunderstorms.
thunderstorms.
d Orographic thunderstorms.

1090 The initial phase of a thunderstorm is characterized by

id 2091

a rain starting at surface

b continuous downdraughts
c frequent lightning
d contin
continuou
uous
s updraug
updraughts
hts

1091 In addition to a lifting action, what are two other conditions necessary for
id 2249 thunderstorm formation ?
a Stable conditions and high moisture content
b Unstable
Unstable conditions
conditions and hig
high
h mois
moisture
ture content
content
c Stable conditions and low atmospheric pressure
d Unstable conditions and low atmospheric pressure
1092
id 2257 Continuous updraughts occur in a thunderstorm during the
a dissipating stage.
b mature stage.
c cu
cumu
mulu
lus
s sta
stage
ge..
d period in which precipitation is falling.

1093 Thunderstorms reach their greatest intensity during the

id 2258

a dissipating stage.
b cumulus stage.
c matu
mature
re st
stag
age.
e.
d period in which precipitation is not falling.

1094 What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm?

thunderstorm?
id 4104

a Water vapour and high pressure

b An adequate supply
supply of moisture,
moisture, conditional instability and a lifting acti
action
on
c  A stratocumulus
stratocumulus cloud with
with sufficient
sufficient moisture
moisture
d  A cumulus cloud
cloud with
with sufficient
sufficient moisture
moisture associa
associated
ted with an inversi
inversion
on

1095 Which thunderstorms generally develop in the afternoon in summer over land in
id 4105 moderate latitudes?
a Occlusion thunderstorms
b Warm front thunderstorms
c Cold mass thunderstorms
d Airmas
Airmass
s thunders
thunderstor
torms
ms
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 168 of 207

1096 In which of the following areas is the highest frequency of thunderstorms

id 4106 encountered ?
a Tr
Trop
opic
ica
al
b Polar 
c Subtropical
d Temperate

1097 Thunderstorms can occur on a warm front if the

id 4108

a warm air is moist and the environmenta

environmentall lapse rate exceeds
exceeds the saturate
saturated
d adiabatic
adiabatic lapse
rate
b cold air is moist and the environmental lapse rate is less than the dry adiabatic lapse rate
c warm air is moist and the environmental lapse rate is less than the saturated adiabatic lapse rate
d cold air is moist and the environmental lapse rate exceeds the saturated adiabatic lapse rate
1098 What are the requirements for the formation of a thunderstorm ?
id 6423

a Sufficient water vapor and a lifting action.

b  A cumulus cloud
cloud with suffici
sufficient
ent moist
moisture.
ure.
c  A cumulus
cumulus cloud
cloud with suffic
sufficient
ient moistu
moisture
re and an invert
inverted
ed laps
lapse
e rate.
d Sufficient
Sufficient moist
moisture,
ure, an unstable
unstable lapse rate,
rate, and a lifting action.
action.

1099 During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominately
id 6485 by downdrafts ?
a Cumulus.
b Di
Diss
ssip
ipat
atin
ing.
g.
c Mature.
d  Anvil.
nvil.
1100 Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a
id 6494 thunderstorm?
a The start
start of rain
rain at the surfa
surface.
ce.
b Growth rate cloud is maximum.
c Strong turbulence in the cloud.
d The appearance of an anvil top.

1101 Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a
id 6604 thunderstorm:
a The appearance of an anvil top
b Growth rate of cloud is maximum
c The start
start of precipit
precipitatio
ation
n
d

1102 Which of the following are not essential factors for thunderstorm development?
id 6605

a High
High temper
temperatu
ature
re
b  An unstable
unstable atmosphere
atmosphere
c  A supply of moist
moist air 

d
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 169 of 207

1103 In which stage do rotor winds and roll clouds occur in a strong thunderstorm?
id 6737

a Matu
Mature
re st
stag
age
e
b Dissipating stage
c Cumulus stage
d Rain stage

1104 What type of thunderstorms develop in the afternoon in summer over land in
id 6814 moderate latitudes?
a Airmas
Airmass
s thunde
thunderst
rstorm
orms
s
b Cold mass thunderstorms
c Warm front thunderstorms
d Occlusion thunderstorms
1105 Which air mass can be related to thunderstorms during summer in Central
id 6843 Europe?
a Marit
Maritime
ime trop
tropic
ical
al air 
air 
b Maritime polar air 
c Continental tropical air 
d Continental equatorial air 

1106
id 6939 What conditions (amongst others) have to be met for the development of CBs and
thunderstorms?
a Moist
Moist air
air must
must be
be pre
presen
sentt
b Warm air has to move over a cold surface
c There have to be significant pressure differences over a small area
d  A front
front has to
to be presen
presentt

50.09.04.03. Thunderstorm avoid., ground/airborne radar 

1107 The most hazardous type of cloud that may be encountered on a cross country
id 4098 flight is
a cirrus
b stratocumulus
c cumulus
d cumu
cumulo
loni
nimb
mbus
us

1108 Concerning the radar reflectivity in relation to a thunderstorm, the following is true:
id 6484

a Reflectivity decreases with severity and frequency of turbulence.

b Reflectivity increases with severity and frequency of turbulence.
c Reflectivity is a function of the number and size of water droplets in a given unit of volume
d Both
Both b) and
and c)
c) are correct
correct..

1109 In a thunderstorm pilots should be on alert for hail when radar echoes:
id 6487

a show turbulence.
b are wel
welll defi
define
ned.
d.
c are ill-defined.
d None of the above is correct.
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 170 of 207

1110 The hazards that thunderstorms pose to aviation include:

id 6644

a Windshear, severe turbulence, hail

b Heavy precipitation, lightning, severe icing
c Al
Alll of
of the
the abo
above
ve
d

50.09.04.04. Development and effect of downbursts

1111 What is the approximate maximum diameter of a microburst ?
id 1531

a 20 km
b 400 m
c 4 km
d 50 km

1112 What is a microburst?

id 1944

a  A small low pressur

pressure
e system
system where the wind
wind circulates
circulates with
with very high
high spee
speeds.
ds.
b  A concentr
concentrated
ated downd
downdraft
raft w
with
ith high
high speeds
speeds and
and a higher
higher tempera
temperature
ture than
than th
the
e surround
surrounding
ing air.
air.
c  An extremely
extremely strong
strong wind
wind gust
gust in a tropical
tropical revolvi
revolving
ng storm.
storm.

d A concentrated downdraft with high

high speeds and a lower temperature
temperature than the surrounding
air.
1113 How long does a typical microburst last?
id 1951

a  About 30 minutes
minutes..
b Less than 1 minute.
c 1 to 2 hours.
d 1 to
to 5 minu
minute
tes.
s.

1114  A microburst
microburst phenomenon
phenomenon can
can arise in
in the
id 2551

a downdraugh
downdraughtt of a cumulonimb
cumulonimbus
us at the mature
mature stage.
stage.
b updraught of a cumulonimbus at the mature stage.

c downdraught of a cumulonimbus at the formation stage.

d updraught of a cumulonimbus at the growth stage.

1115  A microburst
id 4107

a is always associated with thunderstorms

b has a life time of more than 30 minutes
c has a diame
diameter
ter up to 4 km
d occurs only in tropical areas

1116 Which of the following statements describes a microburst ?

id 4112

a A high speed downburst of air with

with a generally
generally lower temperature than its surroundings
b  A high speed
speed down
downdraf
draftt of air with
with a higher
higher tempe
temperatu
rature
re than
than its su
surrou
rroundin
ndings
gs
c  An extremely
extremely strong
strong wind gust
gust associat
associated
ed with a tropica
tropicall revolving
revolving storm
storm
 d  A small low pressure
pressure system
system where
where the wind
wind circulates
circulates at high
high speed

50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 171 of 207

1117 The diameter and the life time of a typical microburst are in the order of 
id 4114

a 8 km and 5-15 minutes

b 4 km and 30-40 minutes
c 4 km and 1-5 minute
minutes
s
d 12 km and 5-10 minutes

50.09.04.05. Development
1118  Aircraft struck
struck by lightning
of lightning
lightning may sometimes
discharge
sometimes get
get considerable
considerable damage
damage and at least
id 3859 temporarily the manoeuvring of the aircraft will be made more difficult. Which one
of the following statements is correct?
a  An aircraft
aircraft has in the atmosphere
atmosphere the
the same qualities
qualities as a "Faradays
"Faradays cacage",
ge", whic
which
h means tha
thatt
struck of lightning seldom occurs. But if it happens, the result will be an occasional engine failure.
The crew may get a shock.
b  An aircraft
aircraft made by metal
metal has a certain
certain capacit
capacity
y to attract
attract a lightning,
lightning, but tthe
he light
lightning
ning will
will follow
follow
the surface and therefore no damage will be caused.
c Aircraft made
made by composite
composite material may get
get severe damage,
damage, the crew may be blinded
blinded
and temporarily lose the hearing.
d  Aircraft
ircraft made by
by composite
composite materia
materiall can´t c
conduc
onductt a lightning
lightning and
and will theref
therefore
ore very
very seldom
seldom be
struck.

50.09.05. Tornadoes
50.09.05.01. Occurrence
1119  At what time
time of the year are tornadoes
tornadoes most
most likely to
to occur in
in North America?
America?
id 1246

a Spri
Spring
ng,, summ
summer
er..
b Summer, autumn.
c  Autumn,
utumn, winter.
winter.
d Winter.

1120 With which type of cloud are tornadoes normally associated ?

id 4109

a Cumu
Cumulo
loni
nimb
mbus
us
b Cumulus
c Stratus
d Nimbostratus

1121 The diameter of a typical tornado is

id 4110

a only a few metres

b 10
100
0 to 150
150 metre
metres
s
c about 2 to 6 km
d in the order of 10 km
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 172 of 207

50.09.06. Low and high level inversions

50.09.06.01. Influence on aircraft performance
1122  A wide
wide body
body takes
takes off on a clear
clear night
night in Dhah
Dhahran,
ran, Saudi
Saudi Arabia
Arabia.. Shortly
Shortly after
after take
take
id 4166 off the aircraft's rate of climb drops to zero. This can be due to
a a very strong
strong temperatu
temperature
re inversi
inversion
on
b sand/dust in the engines

c very pronounced downdrafts

d low relative humidity

50.09.08. Hazards in mountainous areas

50.09.08.01. Influence of terrain -clouds & precipitation,
1123 Which of the following phenomena are formed when a moist, stable layer of air is
id 4069 forced to rise against a mountain range ?
a Inversions
b Strati
Stratifie
fied
d clou
clouds
ds
c Showers and thunderstor
thunderstorms
ms
d  Areas
reas of sev
severe
ere tu
turbul
rbulence
ence

50.09.08.02. Vert. movements, mountainwave, windshear,

1124 You are flying with an outside air temperature of -12°C and a TAS of 250 kt at FL
id 1244 150 through 8 octas NS. What type and degree of icing is most probable?
a In clouds pushed up against the mountains, moderate to severe rime ice.
b In clouds pushed up against the mountains, moderate to severe mixed ice.
c Over flat terrain, away from fronts, moderate to severe mixed ice.
d Over flat terrain, moderate hoar frost.
1125 You intend to carry out a VFR flight over the Alps, on a hot summer day, when the
id 1245 weather is unstable. What is the best time of day to conduct this flight?
a Mor
Morni
nin
ng.
b Mid-day.
c  Aftern
fternoon
oon..
d Early evening.

1126 CAP clouds are one three groups of mountain wave clouds.
id 6437

a They appear to be harmless.

b Downdrafts as great as 5000 feet per minute can be expected on the leeward side.
c They cool adiabatically and therefore evaporate.
d Both a) and
and b) are corre
correct.
ct.

1127 Mention 3 types of weather phenomena associated with mountain waves:

id 6516

a Rotor
Rotor , cap and
and lentic
lenticular
ular cloud
clouds.
s.
b Fog, lenticular and medium height clouds.
c Low clouds, downdrafts and thunderstorms.

d Turbulence, advection and convection clouds.

 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 173 of 207

1128 Should a mountain wave situation occur without creating mountain wave clouds,
id 6517 this would indicate:
a Stable air mass.
b Too strong winds.
c To
Too
o dry
dry ai
air.
r.
d Too strong turbulence.

1129 The meteorological conditions required to form mountain waves are among others:
id 6556

a The height of the mountain must be at least 3000 ft.

b The air must be unstable.
c Wind velocity on top of the mountain must be 50 kts or more.
d A wind profile
profile whereby the
the wind velocity
velocity increases with increasing altitude and a strong,
steady wind flow at higher levels often extending to the tropopause.
1130 What is likely when mountain waves are observed?
id 6557

a Strong
Strong wind and
and turbulen
turbulence
ce in th
the
e mountains
mountains..
b Unstable air.
c Rain on the leeward side of the mountain.
d Convection clouds.

1131  A mountain
mountain range runs north-south,
north-south, and a strong wind is blowing
blowing from the west.
west.
id 6624 What meteorological phenomena is most likely and where will it be at its most
dangerous?
a Fog in the valleys
b Mountain wave activity to the west of the mountains
c Mountain
Mountain wave
wave activity
activity to the east
east of the
the mountains
mountains
d
1132 Which would be the best time for nice weather conditions when flying in the Alps
id 6776 during summertime?
a In th
the
emmor
orni
ning
ng
b In the afternoon
c In the evening
d  Anytime
nytime during
during the
the day

50.09.09. Visibility reducing phenomena

50.09.09.01. Reduction of visibility caused by mist,
1133 In general, the meteorological visibility during rainfall compared to during drizzle is
id 1532

a less
b the same
c greater 
d in rain - below 1 km, in drizzle - more than 2 km
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 174 of 207

1134 In unstable air, surface visibility is most likely to be restricted by

id 3995

a low stratus
b haze
c drizzle
d shower
showers
s of rain
rain or snow
snow

1135 In the vicinity of industrial areas, smoke is most likely to affect surface visibility
id 3999 when
a the surface wind is strong and gusty
b there
there is a low le
level
vel inver
inversio
sion
n
c cumulus clouds have developed in the afternoon
d a rapid moving cold front has just passed the area
1136 Visibility is reduced by haze when
id 4080

a a cold front just passed

b a light drizzle falls
c dust particl
particles
es are trappe
trapped
d below an inversion
inversion
d small waterdroplets are present

1137
id4141 Below a low level inversion visibility is often
a moderate or poor due to heavy snow showers.
b very good at night
c very good in the early morning
d moderate
moderate or poor because
because there is
is no vertical
vertical exchange
exchange

1138 Flight visibility from the cockpit during approach in a tropical downpour can
id 4168 decrease to minimal
a about 500 metres
b about 200 metres
c te
tens
ns of metr
metres
es
d about 1000 metres

50.09.09.02. Reduction of visibility

1139 You are flying in a layer of haze, late on a winter afternoon. Which of the following
id 6614 statements is true?
a Flight
Flight vis
visibil
ibility
ity into
into sun will
will be worse
worse
b Flight visibility "down sun" will be worse
c The position of the sun will not effect flight visibility
d

1140 Compare meteorological visibility:

id 6749

a Visibili
Visibility
ty is greate
greaterr in RA than
than in DZ
b Visibility is lower in RA than in DZ
c Visibility is equal in RA and in DZ
d Visibility is greater in FG than in DZ
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 175 of 207

1141 The flight visibility from the cockpit of an aircraft in a tropical downpour can
id 6777 decrease to minimal....
a about 500 metres
b about 1000 metres
c about 200 metres
d te
tens
ns of
of m
met
etre
res
s
 50.09. FLIGHT HAZARDS 2002/12/22 Page 176 of 207

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL
METEOROLOGICAL
INFORMATION
50.10.01. Observation
50.10.01.01. On the ground
1142 What is the relationship between meteorological visibility (met.vis.) and RVR in
id 1242 homogeneous fog?
a The met. vis. generally is the same as the RVR.
b The met. vis. generally is greater than the RVR.
c The met.
met. vis. is g
gener
enerally
ally less
less than
than the RVR.
RVR.
d There is no specific relationship
relationship between the two.

1143 The wind indicator for a weather observation receives the measured value from an
id 1243 anemometer. Where is this instrument placed?
a On the roof of the weather station.
b 1 m above the runway.
c Close to the station about 2 m above the ground.
d On a mast
mast 8-10
8-10 m above
above the
the grou
ground.
nd.
1144 What is the meaning of the abbreviation "BKN"?
id 1255

a 6 - 8 octas.
b 3 - 4 octas.
c 5 - 7 oct
octas
as..
d 8 octas.

1145 When is the RVR reported at most airports?

id 1256

a When the RVR decreases below 2000 m.

b When the meteorological visibility decreases below 800 m.
c When the RVR decreases below 800 m.
d When the meteorologi
meteorological
cal visib
visibility
ility decreases
decreases below
below 1500 m.

1146 When will the surface wind in a METAR record a gust factor ?
id 2482

a When gusts
gusts are at least
least 10 knots
knots above
above the mean
mean wind speed
speed
b When gusts are at least 15 knots above the mean wind speed
c With gusts of at least 25 knots
d With gusts of at least 35 knots

1147 While approaching your target aerodrome you receive the following message: RVR
id 2552 runway 23: 400m This information indicates the
a portion of runway which a pilot on the threshold of any of the runways would see, with runway 23 in
service.
b meteorological visibility
visibility on runway 23.
c length of runway which a pilot
pilot in an aircraft
aircraft on the ground would see,
see, on the threshold of
runway 23.
d minimum visibility at this aerodrome, with runway 23 being the one in service.
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 177 of 207

1148 Runway Visual Range (RVR) is

id 4082

a measured with ceilometers alongside the runway

b reported when meteorological visibility is less than 2000m
c reported in TAF and METAR
d usually
usually better than
than meteorologi
meteorological
cal visibilit
visibility
y

1149 The wind direction in a METAR is measured relative to

id 4155

a the 0-meridian
b magnetic north
c tr
true
ue no
nort
rth
h
d grid north

1150 The cloud base, reported in the METAR, is the height above
id 4159

a the highest terrain within a radius of 8 km from the observation station

b mean sea level
c the pressure altitude of the observation station at the time of observation
d ai
airf
rfie
ield
ld lev
level
el

1151
id6411
What does a Transmissiometer measure ?
a Wind speed.
b Cloud base.
c Vi
Visi
sibi
bili
lity
ty..
d Breaking action.

1152 What does RVR stand for ?

id 6412

a Reduced visibility range.

b Reduced vertical range.
c Runway
Runway visual
visual ran
range.
ge.
d Radio VHF and range.

1153 RVR is measured when meteorological visibility falls below:

id 6413

a 500 m
b 1500 m.
c 2000 m.
d 2500 m.

1154 When last 10 minutes wind velocity deviates more than 10 kts from mean value
id 6426 during the same period of time, this will be indicated as:
a A gust
b  A squall
squall
c Tempo 10 kts
d Geostrophic wind.
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 178 of 207

1155 The horizontal visibility given for VFR flight planning by a MET Office is:
id 6477

a The average flight visibility for the planned flight.

b Meteorological visibility at an average altitude of 500 meters.
c Meteorolog
Meteorological
ical visibility
visibility on ground.
ground.
d Vertical visibility.

1156 The information about visibility to be used planning a VFR flight is:
id 6478

a Observed horizontal visibility on ground.

b Forecaste
Forecasted
d horizontal
horizontal visibil
visibility
ity on ground.
c Observed vertical visibility.
d RV
RVR
R

1157  Among the

the ten groups
groups of clouds,
clouds, the
the following
following two are mentioned
mentioned specifically
specifically in
id 6554 MET-reports and forecasts intended for aviation:
a  Altocumulus
ltocumulus and stratus.
b Cirrostratus and cumulonimbus.
c Cumulonimbus
Cumulonimbus and towerin
towering
g cumulus.
cumulus.
d Cumulonimbus and nimbostratus.

1158
id6782
Under what conditions is RVR measured?
a When the meteorolog
meteorological
ical visibility
visibility is lower
lower than 1500
1500 metres
b When the meteorological visibility is lower than 1000 metres
c When fog is present
d When the technical equipment for the measurement at an airport is available

50.10.01.02. Upper air observations

1159 Of the four radio soundings, select the one that indicates ground fog:
id 1303

a c)
b b)
c a)
d d)

1160 Of the four radio soundings, select the one that indicates low stratus:
id 2483

a 4
b 3
c 1
d 2

1161 The average visibility as seen from the cockpit in flight is called:
id 6415

a Cockpit visibility.
b Flight
Flight visibi
visibilit
lity.
y.
c RVR.
 d Slant visibility.

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 179 of 207

50.10.01.03. Satellite observations, interpretation

1162 What are the images of satellites provided daily by the Weather Service used for?
id 2484

a To locate fronts in areas with

with few observation stations
b To measure wind currents on the ground
c To help provide 14-day forecasts
d To locate precipitation zones

50.10.01.04. Weather radar observations

1163 Which of the following causes echoes on meteorological radar screens?
id 2485

a Hail
b Water vapour 
c Fog
d  Any cloud
cloud

1164  An airborne

airborne weather
weather radar installa
installation
tion makes
makes it possible
possible to detect
detect the location
location of 
of 
id 2554

a cumulonimbus, but provided that cloud of this type is accompanied by falls of hail
b all clouds
c zones of precipitation, particulary
particulary liquid-state
liquid-state precipitation,
precipitation, and also
also their intensity
d stratocumulus and its vertical development

50.10.02. Weather charts

50.10.02.01. Charts of significant weather, tropopause, maximum
1165 In which meteorological forecast chart is information about CAT regions found?
id 1259

a 300 hPa chart.

b 24 hour surface forecast.
c 500 hPa chart.
d Signif
Significa
icant
nt Weather
Weather Chart.
Chart.

1166 On which of the following aviation weather charts can a pilot most easily find a
id 1260  jetstream?
a Upper air chart.
b Wind / temperature chart.
c Surface chart.
d Signifi
Significan
cantt weather
weather chart.
chart.

1167 Which weather chart gives information about icing and the height of the freezing
id 1533 level ?
a Surface chart
b 500 hPa chart
c 700 hPa chart
d Signific
Significant
ant w
weath
eather
er chart
chart
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 180 of 207

1168 What information is given on a Significant Weather Chart?

id 4095

a The significant weather in a period 3 hours before and 3 hours after the time given on the chart
b The significant weather that is observed at the time given on the chart
c The significan
significantt weathe
weatherr forecast
forecast for the time given
given on the chart
d The significant weather forecast for a period 6 hours after the time given on the chart

50.10.02.03. Upper air charts

1169 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for a 4781 FT pressure level
id 1158 (FL50)?
a 500 hPa.
b 700 hPa.
c 850 hPa.
d 300 hPa.
1170 How is the direction and speed of upper winds described in forecasts ?
id 1257

a The direction is relative to magnetic north and the speed is in miles per hour.
b The direction is relative to magnetic north and the speed is in knots.
c The direction
direction is relative
relative to true north and the speed
speed is in knots.

d The direction is relative to true north and the speed is in miles per hour.
1171 What positions are connected with contour lines on the weather chart?
id 1258

a Positions with the same air density.

b Positions with the same thickness between two constant pressure levels.
c Positions
Positions with the
the same height
height in a chart of constant
constant pressure.
pressure.
d Positions with the same wind velocity.

1172 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for a 9882 FT pressure level
id 2486 (FL 100) ?
a 850 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 300 hPa

1173 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for a 18289 FT pressure level
id 2487 (FL 180) ?
a 200 hPa
b 300 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 700 hPa

1174 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for a 30065 FT pressure level
id 2488 (FL 300)?
a 500 hPa
b 200 hPa

c 700 hPa
 d 300 hPa

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 181 of 207

1175 Which constant pressure altitude chart is standard for a 38662 FT pressure level
id 2489 (FL 390) ?
a 700 hPa
b 300 hPa
c 500 hPa
d 200 hPa

1176 If you are planning a flight at FL 170, which of these upper wind and temperature
id 2490 charts would be nearest your flight level ?
a 300 hPa
b 500 hPa
c 850 hPa
d 700 hPa
1177 If you are planning a flight at FL 290, which of these upper wind and temperature
id 2491 charts would be nearest your flight level ?
a 850 hPa
b 500 hPa
c 700 hPa
d 300 hPa

1178 When planning a flight at FL 60, which upper wind and temperature chart would be
id 2492 nearest your flight level ?
a 500 hPa
b 700 hPa
c 850 hPa
d 300 hPa

1179 When planning a flight at FL 110, which upper wind and temperature chart would
id 2493 be nearest your flight level ?
a 300 hPa
b 850 hPa
c 700 hPa
d 500 hPa

1180 The upper wind and temperature chart of 250 hPa corresponds, in a standard
id 2555 atmosphere, to about
a 34 00
000 FT
FT
b 39 000 FT
c 30 000 FT
d 32 000 FT

1181  An isohypse

isohypse of the 500
500 hPa pressure
pressure surface
surface is labelled
labelled with
with the number
number 552. This
This
id 4146 means that for all points on the isohypse the
a topograp
topography
hy is 552
552 decamete
decameters
rs above
above MSL
b pressure is 552 hPa
c topography is 552 meters above MSL
d pressure altimeter will overread by 552 FT
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 182 of 207

1182 What units of measurement are used in forecasts for winds aloft?
id 6418

a Magnetic direction and knots.

b Magnetic direction and MPH.
c True
True direct
direction
ion and
and knots
knots..
d True direction and MPH.

50.10.02.04. Symbols and signs on analysed and prognostic chart

1183 How are well separated CB clouds described on the Significant Weather Chart?
id 1300

a ISOL CB.
b EMBD CB.
c FREQ CB.
d OCN
OCNL CB.

1184 The cold front is indicated with a number at position:

id 1302

a 1
b 2
c 3

d 4
1185 What does the symbol indicate on a significant weather chart?
id 1304

a The center of a tropopause

tropopause "high",
"high", where the tropopause
tropopause is at FL 400.
b The center of a high pressure area at 400 hPa.
c The upper limit of significant weather at FL 400.
d The lower limit of the tropopause.

1186 Which of the following symbols represents a squall line?

id 1534

a Symbol c)
b Symbol b)
c Sym
Symbol a)
d Symbol d)

1187 Which of the following symbols represents a tropical revolving storm?

id 1535

a Symbol c)
b Symbol b)
c Sym
Symbol a)
d Symbol d)

1188 The front labelled "Z" is a:

id 1594

a Cold front
b Warm
Warm fr
fron
ontt

c Warm front occlusion

 d Cold front occlusion

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 183 of 207

1189  A trough
trough is indicated
indicated by letter:
letter:
id 2494

a B
b A
c C
d D

1190 The warm sector is indicated by letter:

id 2495

a  A
b B
c D
d C

1191 Which of the following best describes Zone A?

id 2496

a Depression
b Col
c Ridge of high pressure
d Trough
Trough of
of low pressu
pressure
re

1192
id 2497
Which of the following best describes Zone B?
a Col
b Ridge of high pressure
c Depression
d Trough of low pressure

1193 Which of the following best describes Zone C?

id 2498

a Ridge
Ridge of
of hi
high
gh p
pres
ressur
sure
e
b Col
c Trough of low pressure
d Depression

1194 Which of the following best describes Zone D?

id 2499

a  Anticyclone
nticyclone
b Ridge of high pressure
c Depr
Depres
essi
sion
on
d Trough of low pressure

1195  According to ICAO, which

which symbol
symbol indicates
indicates severe icing ?
id 2500

a Sym
Symbol a)
b Symbol b)
c Symbol c)
d Symbol d)
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 184 of 207

1196  According to ICAO, which

which symbol indicates a tropical revolving
revolving storm?
id 2501

a Sym
Symbol d
d))
b Symbol c)
c Symbol b)
d Symbol a)

1197  According
ccording to ICAO,
ICAO, which symbol indicates
indicates danger
danger to an aircraft in flight?
flight?
id 2502

a Sym
Symbol b
b))
b Symbol d)
c Symbol a)
d Symbol c)

1198  According
ccording to ICAO,
ICAO, which symbol indicates
indicates danger
danger to an aircraft in flight?
flight?
id 2503

a Symb
Symbol
ols
scc)) a
and
nd d)
b Symbol d)
c Symbols a) and b)
d Symbol c)

50.10.03. Information for flight planning

50.10.03.01. Aeronautical codes:METAR, TAF, SPECI, SIGMET,
SNOW
1199 Refer to the TAF for Amsterdam airport. FCNL31 281500 EHAM 281601 14010KT
id 982 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG 1618 12015G25KT SCT008 BKN013 TEMPO 1823
3000 RA BKN005 OVC010 BECMG 2301 25020KT 8000 NSW BKN020 = Flight
from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. What lowest cloud base is forecast
for arrival at Amsterdam?
a 500 m
b 250 FT
c 500 FT
d 800 FT
1200 In the TAF for Dehli, during the summer, for the time of your landing you note:
id 1263 TEMPO TS. What is the maximum time this deterioration in weather can last in
anyone instance ?
a 120 minutes.
b 60 minu
minute
tes.
s.
c 10 minutes.
d 20 minutes.
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 185 of 207

1201 In the weather briefing room during the pre-flight phase of a passenger flight from
id 1287 Zurich to Rome, you examine the following weather reports of pressing importance
at the time: EINN SHANNON 2808 sigmet 2 valid 0800/1100 loc sev turb fcst einn
fir blw fl 050 south of 53n wkn = LIMM MILANO 2809 sigmet 2 valid 0900/1500 mod
sev cat btn fl 250 and fl 430 fcst limm fir stnr nc = EGL
a You show no further interest in these reports, since they do not concern the route to be flown.
b Because
Because of the expected
expected turbulence
turbulence you select
select a flight level
level below FL 250.

c Owing to these reports and taking into account the presence of heavy thunderstorms at planned FL
310 you select a higher flight level (FL 370).
d You cancel the flight since the expected dangerous weather conditions along the route would
demand too much of the passengers.
1202 What is a trend forecast?
id 1536

a  An aerod
aerodrom
rome
e foreca
forecast
st vali
valid
d for
for 9 hours
hours
b A landing forecast
forecast appended
appended to METAR/SPECI
METAR/SPECI,, valid for
for 2 hours
c  A route
route fo
forec
recast
ast v
vali
alid
d for 24
24 hours
hours
d  A routin
routine
e report
report

1203 What does the expression "Broken (BKN)" mean?

id 1537

a 5-7 Eights
Eights of
of the s
sky
ky is cloud
cloud cover
covered
ed
b 3-4 Eights of the sky is cloud covered
c 3-5 Eights of the sky is cloud covered
d Nil significant cloud cover 

1204 What does the abbreviation "nosig" mean?

id 1538

a No signi
signifi
fican
cantt cha
change
nges
s
b No report received
c No weather related problems
d Not signed by the meteorologist

1205 In which weather report would you expect to find information about icing conditions
id 1539 on the runway?
a TAF
b SIGMET
c GAFOR
d METAR
1206 In which of the following 1850 UTC METAR reports, is the probability of fog
id 1540 formation, in the coming night, the highest?
a VRB02KT 2500 SCT120 14/M08 Q1035 NOSIG =
b 22004KT 6000 -RA SCT012 OVC030 17/14 Q1009 NOSIG =
c VRB01KT
VRB01KT 8000 SCT250
SCT250 11/10 Q1028 BECMG
BECMG 3000
3000 =
d 00000KT 9999 SCT300 21/01 Q1032 NOSIG =
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 186 of 207

1207 Which of the following weather reports could be, in accordance with the
id 1541 regulations, abbreviated
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? (MSA above ground: LSZB 10000 FT, LSZH
8000 FT, LSGG 12000 FT, LFSB 6000 FT)
a LSZH 26024G52KT 9999 BKN060 17/14 Q1012 RETS TEMPO 5000 TSRA =
b LSGG 22003KT
22003KT 9999 SCT120
SCT120 BKN280
BKN280 09/08 Q1026
Q1026 BECMG
BECMG 5000 =
c LSZB 30004KT 9999 SCT090 10/09 Q1006 NOSIG =
d LFSB 00000KT 9000 SCT080 22/15 Q1022 NOSIG =
1208 Which of the following weather reports could be, in accordance with the
id 1542 regulations, abbreviated
abbreviated to "CAVOK"? (MSA above ground : LSZB 10000 FT, LSZH
8000 FT, LSGG 12000 FT, LFSB 6000 FT)
a LFSB 24008KT 9999 SCT050 18/11 Q1017 RERA NOSIG =
b LSZB 28012KT
28012KT 9999
9999 OVC100
OVC100 16/1
16/12
2 Q1012 BECMG
BECMG 5000
5000 =
c LSZH VRB02KT 9000 BKN080 21/14 Q1022 NOSIG =
d LSGG 22006KT 9999 BKN090 17/15 Q1008 RERA NOSIG =
1209 Within a short interval, several flight crews report that they have experienced
id 1543 strong clear air turbulence in a certain airspace. What is the consequence of these
reports?
a The competent aviation weather office will issue a SPECI
b The airspace in question, will be temporarily closed
c The competent
competent aviation
aviation wea
weather
ther office
office will issue
issue a SIGMET
d The competent aviation weather office will issue a storm warning
1210 Refer to the TAF for Bordeaux airport. FCFR31 281400 LFBD 1524 26015KT 9999
id 1596 SHRA BKN020 TEMPO 1620 26020G30KT 8000 +SHRA BKN015CB PROB30
TSRA = Flight Lisbon to Bordeaux, ETA 1800 UTC. What type of precipitation is
forecast on the approach to Bordeaux ?
a Light drizzle and fog
b Continuous moderate rain
c Heavy
Heavy rain
rain show
showers
ers
d Moderate snow showers
1211 Refer to the TAF for Bordeaux airport. FCFR31 281400 LFBD 1524 26015KT 9999
id 1597 SHRA BKN020 TEMPO 1620 26020G30KT 8000 +SHRA BKN015CB PROB30

TSRA
lowest =quoted
Flight visibility
Lisbon toforecast
Bordeaux,
? ETA 1800 UTC. At ETA Bordeaux what is the
a 10 or more km
b 8 NM
c 10 NM
d 8 km
1212 Refer to the TAF for Amsterdam airport. FCNL31 281500 EHAM 281601 14010KT
id 1603 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG 1618 12015G25KT SCT008 BKN013 TEMPO 1823
3000 RA BKN005 OVC010 BECMG 2301 25020KT 8000 NSW BKN020 = Flight
from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. At ETA Amsterdam what surface
wind is forecast ?
a 120°
120° / 15
15 kt gusts
gusts 25
25 kt
b 140° / 10 kt
 c 300 / 15 kt maximum wind 25 kt
d 250° / 20 kt

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 187 of 207

1213 Refer to the TAF for Amsterdam airport. FCNL31 281500 EHAM 281601 14010KT
id 1604 6000 -RA SCT025 BECMG 1618 12015G25KT SCT008 BKN013 TEMPO 1823
3000 RA BKN005 OVC010 BECMG 2301 25020KT 8000 NSW BKN020 = Flight
from Bordeaux to Amsterdam, ETA 2100 UTC. What is the minimum visibility
forecast for ETA Amsterdam ?
a 5 km
km
b 3 km

c 5 NM
d 6kkm
m
1214 Does the following report make sense? LSZH VRB02KT 5000 MIFG 02/02 Q1015
id 1925 NOSIG
a The report is nonsense, because it is impossible to observe a meteorological visibility of 5 km if
shallow fog is reported.
b The report would never be seen, because shallow fog is not reported when the meteorological
visibility is more than 2 km.
c The report is possible,
possible, because shallow fog is defined as a thin layer of fog below eye
level.
d The report is not possible, because, with a temperature of 2°C and a dew point of 2°C there must be
uniform fog.
1215 You receive the following METAR : LSGG 0750Z 00000KT 0300 R05/0700N FG
id 1926 VV001 M02/M02 Q1014 NOSIG = What will be the RVR at 0900 UTC?
a 300 m.
b The RVR is unknown,
unknown, because
because the
the "NOSIG"
"NOSIG" does not
not refer to RVR.
RVR.
c 700 m.
d 900 m.

1216 Which of the four answers is a correct interpretation of data from the following
id 1927 METAR ? 16003KT 0400 R14/P1500 R16/1000N FZFG VV003 M02/M02 Q1026
BECMG 2000 =
a Meteorological visibility 1000 m, RVR 400 m, freezing level at 300 m, variable winds, temperature
2°C.
b RVR for runway 16 1000 m, meteorological visibility increasing in the next 2 hours to 2000 m,
vertical visibility 300 m, temperature -2°C.
c RVR for runway 14 1500 m, meteorological visibility 400 m, QNH 1026 hPa, wind 160° at 3 kt.
d Meteorological visibility
visibility 400m, RVR
RVR for runway 16 1000 m, dew point
point -2°C, freezing
freezing fog.
1217 Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG
id 1934 2124 0500 FG VV001 What visibility is forecast for 2400 UTC?
a Between 500 m and 2000 m.
b 2000 m.
c 500 m.
d Between 0 m and 1000 m.

1218 Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG
id 1935 2124 0500 FG VV001 What does the abbreviation "VV001" mean?
a RVR greater than 100 m.
b RVR less than 100 m.

c Vertical
Vertical visibili
visibility
ty 100 FT.
 d Vertical visibility 100 m.

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 188 of 207

1219 What does the term METAR signify?

id 1940

a  A METAR is a flight forecast,

forecast, issued
issued by the meteorologi
meteorological
cal stati
station
on severa
severall times daily.
daily.
b  A METAR is
is a warning
warning of danger
dangerous
ous meteoro
meteorologi
logical
cal condit
conditions
ions withi
within
n a FIR.
c A METAR signifies the actual weather report at an aerodrome and is generally issued in
half-hourly intervals.
d  A METAR is a landin
landing
g forecast
forecast added
added to the actual
actual weathe
weatherr report as
as a brief progno
prognostic
stic report
report..

1220 How long from the time of observation is a TREND in a METAR valid?
id 1941

a 9 hours.
b 2 hours.
c 1 hour.
d 30 minutes.

1221 What is a SPECI?

id 1945

a  A routine
routine aerodr
aerodrome
ome weath
weather
er report
report issue
issued
d ever
every
y 3 hours.
hours.
b A selected special
special aerodrome weather report, issued when a significant change of the
weather conditions have been observed.
c  A warning
warning of meteo
meteorolo
rologic
gical
al dangers
dangers at
at an aerodro
aerodrome,
me, issued
issued only
only w
when
hen re
requir
quired.
ed.

d  An aerodrom
aerodrome
e forecast
forecast iissue
ssued
d ever
every
y 9 hours.
hours.
1222  Appended
ppended to a METAR
METAR you get the following
following runway
runway report:
report: 01650428
01650428 What must
must
id 1946 you consider when making performance calculations?
a  Aquaplaning
quaplaning condit
conditions.
ions.
b The braking action will be medium to good.
c The runway will be wet.
d The frictio
friction
n coe
coefficie
fficient
nt is
is 0.28.
0.28.

1223 Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG
id 1947 2124 0500 FG VV001 What does the "BECMG" data indicate for the 18 to 21 hour
time frame?
a The new conditi
conditions
ons are achieve
achieved
d between
between 1800 and
and 2100 UTC
UTC
b  A quick
quick change
change to new
new condi
conditio
tions
ns betwe
between
en 1800
1800 UTC and
and 1900
1900 UTC.
UTC.

c Many short term changes in the original weather.

d Many long term changes in the original weather.
1224 Refer to the following TAF extract: BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG
id 1948 2124 0500 FG VV001 What does the abbreviation "BKN004" mean?
a 1 - 4 oktas, ceiling 400 m.
b 1 - 4 oktas, ceiling 400 FT.
c 4 - 8 oktas, ceiling 400 m.
d 5 - 7 oktas
oktas,, ceilin
ceiling
g 400 FT.

1225 Refer to the following TAF extract; BECMG 1821 2000 BKN004 PROB30 BECMG
id 1949 2124 0500 FG VV001 What does the abbreviation "PROB30" mean?
a Proba
Probabi
bilit
lity
y of 30%
30%..
b Conditions will last for at least 30 minutes.
 c The cloud ceiling should lift to 3000 FT.
d Change expected in less than 30 minutes.

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 189 of 207

1226 Refer to TAF below. EGBB 261812 28015G25KT 9999 SCT025 TEMPO 1822
id 2251 29018G35KT 5000 SHRASN BKN010CB PROB30 TEMPO 1821 1500 TSGR
BKN008CB BECMG 2124 26010 KT From the TAF above you can assume that
visibility at 2055Z in Birmingham (EGBB) will be :
a not less
less than 1,5
1,5 km but
but could
could be in excess of 10 km.
km.
b a maximum 5 km.
c a minimum of 1,5 km and a maximum of 5 km.
d more than 10 km
1227 What is the wind speed given in a METAR report based on?
id 2433

a The average speed of the previous 30 minutes

b The average
average speed
speed of the previo
previous
us 10 minutes
minutes
c The strongest gust in the previous hour 
d The actual speed at the time of recording

1228 What does the term SIGMET signify?

id 2504

a A SIGMET is a warning
warning of dangerou
dangerous
s meteorologic
meteorological
al condi
conditions
tions
b  A SIGMET is a flight
flight forecast,
forecast, issued
issued by the meteorologic
meteorological
al station
station several ttimes
imes daily
daily
c  A SIGMET
SIGMET is a brief
brief landing
landing forec
forecast
ast added
added to the
the actual
actual weath
weather
er report
report
d  A SIGMET is
is an actual
actual weather
weather report
report at an
an aerodrome
aerodrome and
and is generall
generally
y issued
issued at hal
half-hou
f-hourly
rly
intervals
1229 What does the term TREND signify?
id 2505

a It is a flight forecast, issued by the meteorological station several times daily

b It is the actual weather report at an aerodrome and is generally issued at half-hourly intervals
c It is a warning of dangerous meteorological conditions
d It is a brief landing
landing forecast
forecast added to the
the actual weather
weather report
report

1230 Which of the following phenomena should be described as precipitation at the time
id 2506 they are observed?
a FZFG
b BCFG
c SN
d HZ
1231 Which of the following phenomena should be described as precipitation at the time
id 2507 they are observed?
a +SHSN
b VA
c BR
d MIFG

1232 Which of the following phenomena should be described as precipitation at the time
id 2508 they are observed?
a TS
b SA
 c DZ
d SQ

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 190 of 207

1233 Which of the following meteorological phenomena can rapidly change the braking
id 2509 action of a runway?
a HZ
b MIFG
c FG
d +FZRA

1234 Which of the following phenomena can produce a risk of aquaplaning?

id 2510

a SA
b FG
c BCFG
d +RA

1235 Which of these four METAR reports suggests that rain is most likely in the next few
id 2511 hours?
a 23015KT
23015KT 8000 BKN030
BKN030 OVC070
OVC070 17/14
17/14 Q1009 BECMG
BECMG 4000
4000 =
b 34004KT 9999 SCT040 SCT100 m05/m08 Q1014 NOSIG =
c 16002KT 0100 FG SCT300 06/06 Q1022 BECMG 1000 =
d 05016G33KT 8000 OVC015 08/06 Q1028 NOSIG =

1236 Which of these four METAR reports suggests that a thunderstorm is likely in the
id 2512 next few hours?
a 1350Z 21005KT
21005KT 9999
9999 SCT040CB
SCT040CB SCT100
SCT100 26/18 Q1
Q1016
016 TEMPO 24018G
24018G30
30 TS =
b 1350Z 16004KT 8000 SCT110 OVC220 02/m02 Q1008 NOSIG =
c 1350Z 34003KT 0800 SN VV002 m02/m04 Q1014 NOSIG =
d 1350Z 04012KT 3000 OVC012 04/03 Q1022 BECMG 5000 =

1237 In which of the following METAR reports, is the probability of fog formation in the
id 2513 coming night the highest?
a 1850Z 15003K
15003KT
T 6000 SCT120
SCT120 05/04
05/04 Q1032
Q1032 BECMG 1600
1600 =
b 1850Z 21003KT 8000 SCT250 12/m08 Q1028 NOSIG =
c 1850Z 06018G30KT 5000 OVC010 04/01 Q1024 NOSIG =
d 1850Z 25010KT 4000 RA BKN012 OVC030 12/10 Q1006 TEMPO 1500 =
1238 Look at this TAF for Zurich Airport TAF LSZH 211322 22018G35KT 9999 SCT012
id 2514 BKN030 BECMG 1315 25025G45KT TEMPO 1720 4000 +SHRA BKN025TCU
BECMG 2022 25015KT T1815Z T1618Z = Which of these statements best
describes the weather most likely to be experienced at 1500 UTC?
a Meteorological visibility 10 kilometres or more, main cloudbase 1200 feet, gusts up to 45 knots.
b Meteorological visibility 4000 metres, gusts up to 25 knots, temperature 18°C.
c Meteorological visibility
visibility 10 kilometres or more, main cloudbase 3000 feet, wind 250°,
temperature 18°C.
d Severe rainshowers, meteorological visibility 4000 metres, temperature 15°C, gusts up to 35 knots.
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 191 of 207

1239 Refer to the TAF for

f or Zurich Airport TAF LSZH 250716 00000KT 0100 FG VV001
id 2515 BECMG 0810 0800 VV002 BECMG 1012 23005KT 2500 BKN005 TEMPO 1316
6000 SCT007 = Which of these statements best describes the weather that can
be expected at 1200 UTC?
a Meteorological visibility 6 kilometres, cloudbase 500 feet, windspeed 5 knots
b Meteorological visibility
visibility 800 metres, wind from 230°, cloudbase 500 feet
c Meteorological visibility 800 metres, vertical visibility 200 feet, calm
d Meteorological visibility
visibility 2,5 kilometres, cloudbase
cloudbase 500 feet, windspeed
windspeed 5 knots
1240 Which of the following weather reports could be, in accordance with the
id 2516 regulations, abbreviated to "CAVOK"?
a 29010KT 9999 SCT045TCU 16/12 Q1015 RESHRA NOSIG =
b 24009KT 6000 RA SCT010 OVC030 12/11 Q1007 TEMPO 4000 =
c 15003KT
15003KT 9999 BKN100
BKN100 17/1
17/11
1 Q1024
Q1024 NOSIG
NOSIG =
d 04012G26KT 9999 BKN030 11/07 Q1024 NOSIG =

1241 Which of the following weather reports could be, in accordance with the
id 2517 regulations, abbreviated to "CAVOK"?
a 34004KT 7000 MIFG SCT260 09/08 Q1029 BECMG 1600 =
b 27019G37KT
27019G37KT 9999
9999 BKN050
BKN050 18/14
18/14 Q1016
Q1016 NOSIG
NOSIG =
c 00000KT 0100 FG VV001 11/11 Q1025 BECMG 0500 =
d 26012KT 8000 SHRA BKN025 16/12 Q1018 NOSIG =
1242 Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the METAR ?
id 2518 25020G38KT 1200 +TSGR BKN006 BKN015CB 23/18 Q1016 BECMG NSW =
a Gusts of 38 knots,
knots, thunderstor
thunderstorm
m with heavy
heavy hail, dew point
point 18°C
b Mean wind speed 20-38 knots, meteorological visibility 1200 metres, temperature 23°C
c Broken, cloudbase 600 feet and 1500 feet, temperature 18°C
d Wind 250°, thunderstorm with moderate hail, QNH 1016 hPa
1243 Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the METAR ? 00000KT
id 2519 0200 R14/0800U R16/P1500U
R16/P1500U FZFG VV001 m03/m03 Q1022 BECMG 0800 =
a Meteorological visibility for runway 14 800 metres, fog with hoar frost, RVR for runway 16 more than
1500 metres
b Meteorological visibility 200 metres, RVR for runway 16 1500 metres, temperature -3°C, vertical
visibility 100 metres
c Meteorological visibility
visibility 200 feet, RVR for runway 16 more than 1500 metres, vertical visibility 100
feet, fog with hoar frost
d RVR for runway 14 800 metres, vertical
vertical visibility 100
100 feet, calm, meteorological
meteorological vis
visibility
ibility
improving to 800 metres in the next 2 hours
1244 Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the SIGMET ? LSAW
id 2520 SWITZERLAND 0307 SIGMET 2 VALID 030700/031100 LSSW mod to sev cat fcst
north of alps btn fl 260 and fl 380 / stnr / intsf =
a Zone of moderate-to-severe turbulence moving towards the area north of the Alps. Intensity
increasing. Pilots advised to cross this area above FL 260
b Moderate-to-severe clear
clear air turbulenc
turbulence
e to be expected north of the Alps.
Alps. Intensity
increasing. Danger zone between FL 260 and FL 380
c Severe turbulence observed below FL 260 north of the Alps. Pilots advised to cross this area above
 FL 380
d Moderate to strong clear air turbulence of constant intensity to be expected north of the Alps

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 192 of 207

1245 Which of the following statements is an interpretation of the SIGMET ? SIGMET

id 2521 VALID 121420/121820 embd ts obs and fcst in w part of athinai fir / mov e / intst nc
=
a  Athens Airport
Airport is closed
closed due
due to thundersto
thunderstorms.
rms. The thunder
thunderstorm
storm zone
zone should
should be east of At
Athens
hens by
1820 UTC
b Thunderstorms have formed in the eastern part of the Athens FIR and are slowly moving west
c Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms must be expected
expected in the wester
western
n part of the Athens FIR.
FIR. The thunderstorm
thunderstorm

zone is moving east. Intensity is constant

d The thunderstorms in the Athens FIR are increasing in intensity, but are stationary above the
western part of the Athens FIR
1246 Refer to the following TAF for Zurich. LSZH 261019 20018G30KT 9999 -RA
id 2543 SCT050 BKN080 TEMPO 23012KT 6000 -DZ BKN015 BKN030 BECMG 1518
23020G35KT 4000 RA OVC010= The lowest visibility forecast at ETA Zurich 1430
UTC is:
a 6 NM.
b 6 km.
c 4 km.
d 10 km.
1247 Refer to the following TAF for Zurich. LSZH 061019 20018G30KT 9999 -RA
id 2544 SCT050 BKN080 TEMPO 23012KT 6000 -DZ BKN015 BKN030 BECMG 1518
23020G35KT 4000 RA OVC010= The lowest cloud base forecast at ETA Zurich
(1200 UTC) is:
a 1000 FT.
b 1500 FT
FT.
c 1500 m.
d 5000 FT.
1248 The following weather report EDDM 241322 VRB03KT 1500 HZ OVC004 BECMG
id 2545 1517 00000KT 0500 FG VV002 TEMPO 2022 0400 FG VV001 is a :
a METAR.
b 24 hour TAF.
c SPECI.
d 9 hou
hourr TAF
TAF..
1249 In METAR messages, the pressure group represents the
id 2546

a QNH rounded up to the nearest hPa.

b QFE rounded to the nearest hPa.
c QNH rounde
rounded
d down
down to the
the neares
nearestt hPa.
d QFE rounded down to the nearest hPa.

1250 What is the meaning of the abbreviation "SCT" ?

id 2553

a 1 - 2 oktas
b 3 -4 o
okt
ktas
as
c 5 - 7 oktas
d 1 - 4 oktas
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 193 of 207

1251 Which of the statements is true concerning squall lines ?

id 4102

a Severe squall lines always move from northwest to southeast

b Severe squall lines only occur in the tropics
c For severe squall lines a TAF is issued
d For severe
severe squall
squall line
lines
s a SIGMET
SIGMET is issued

1252
id 4150 The validity of a TAF is
a between 6 and 9 hours
b 2 hours
c st
stat
ated
ed in the
the TAF
TAF
d 9 hours from the time of issue

1253 If CAVOK is reported then

id 4152

a no low
low driftin
drifting
g snow
snow is p
prese
resent
nt
b no clouds are present
c low level windshear has not been reported
d any CB's have a base above 5000 FT

1254 Runway visual range can be reported in

id 4153

a a TAF
b a METAR
c a SIGMET
d both a TAF and a METAR

1255 SIGMET information is issued as a warning for significant weather to

id 4154

a heavy aircraft only

b light aircraft only
c VFR operations only
d al
alll ai
airc
rcra
raft
ft

1256  A SPECI
SPECI is
id 4156

a an aviation routine weather report

b an aviation
aviation selected
selected special weather report
c a warning for special weather phenomena
d a forecast for special weather phenomena

1257 On the European continent METARs of main airports are compiled and distributed
id 4157 with intervals of 
a 2 hours
b 1 hour 
c 0.5 hour 
d 3 hours
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 194 of 207

1258 The RVR, as reported in a METAR, is always the

id 4158

a highest value of the A-, B- and C-position

b average value of the A-, B- and C-position
c value repres
representat
entative
ive of the
the touchdown
touchdown zone
zone
d lowest value of the A-, B- and C-position

1259
id 4167 Given the following
R26L/1500N METAR:
BR SCT002 EDDM05/05
OVC003 250850Z 33005KT
Q1025 NOSIG2000 R26R/P1500N
a Visibility
Visibility is reduced
reduced by
by wate
waterr droplets
droplets
b There is a distinct change in RVR observed
c Runway 26R and runway 26L have the same RVR
d RVR on runway 26R is increasing
1260  At a weather
weather station
station,, at 060
0600
0 UTC, the air
air temperature
temperature and dew
dew point
point are
id 5557 respectively: T = - 0,5°C,Td = -1,5°C. In the METAR message transmitted by this
station, the "temperature group" will be:
a M00/M01
b M01/M02
c 00/M01

d M01/M01
1261 The TAF validity in terms of time is usually:
id 6444

a 3 hours
b 6 hours
c 9 ho
hours
d 12 hours

1262  A "SIGMET"
"SIGMET" is:
id 6450

a  A significa
significant
nt weather
weather chart
chart
b  A special
special "MET
"METAR"
AR"
c A message about observed or forecasted weather phenomena
phenomena of special
special importance to
aviation
d The same as a "TAF"-forecast
1263 Which of the following is a landing forecast ?
id 6469

a METAR.
b TAF.
c SPECI.
d METAR
METAR with
with T
TREN
REND.
D.

1264 SIGMETs are issued as a warning of weather conditions hazardous:

id 6500

a Particularly to light aircraft

b To all
all air
aircr
craf
aftt
 c Only to light aircraft operations
d Particularly to heavy aircraft

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 195 of 207

1265 The function of a TAF is to be a/an :

id 6501

a  Area forecas
forecast.
t.
b Local forecast.
c Foreca
Forecast
st for
for an airf
airfiel
ield.
d.
d Wind forecast.

1266
id 6541  4000".
A METAR
META R from
From thisan airfiel
airfield
you willdexpect
reportin
reportingg visibili
the visibility
ty 8tokm.
visibility km. Added
Added to the
the report
report is a "BECMG
"BECMG
a Decrease to 4 km within 1 hour.
b Improve from 4 km to 8 km in the next 2 hours.
c Be variable between 4 and 8 km.
d Decrease
Decrease to 4 km within
within the next 2 hours.
1267 Cloud bases in TAFs and METARs are given in:
id 6567

a Heights above mean sea level

b Heights above the 1013 hPa pressure level
c Heights
Heights above
above airfie
airfield
ld elevati
elevation
on
d

1268 The abbreviation BKN means:

id 6591

a 1-4 oktas cloud cover 

b 3-7 oktas cloud cover 
c 5-7 okt
oktas
as cloud
cloud cover 
cover 
d

1269 The abbreviation SCT means:

id 6592

a 2-4 okt
oktas
as cloud
cloud cover 
cover 
b 3-7 oktas cloud cover 
c 5-7 oktas cloud cover 
d

1270 The abbreviation FEW means:

id 6593

a 2-4 oktas cloud cover 

b 1-2 okt
oktas
as c
clou
loud
d co
cover 
ver 
c 5-7 oktas cloud cover 
d
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 196 of 207

1271 EHAM 120600Z 02025KT 3000 RA BKN005 OVC015 11/10 Q1012= Which of the
id 6609 following is the correct decode for the Amsterdam METAR?
a Observation
Observation at 0600Z
0600Z,, wind 020° at 25 knots, visibili
visibility
ty 3000 metres in rain,
rain, clouds: broken
broken ST
with base 500ft AGL and 8 oktas NS with base 1500ft AGL, temperature +11°C, dew point
+10°C, QNH 1012 hPa
b Observation at 0600 UTC, wind 020° at 25 knots, visibility 3000m, rain, broken ST with base 500ft
 AGL and 8 oktas
oktas NS
NS with base
base 1500ft
1500ft MSL,
MSL, temper
temperature
ature + +11°C
11°C,, dew point
point +10°C,
+10°C, Q
QNH
NH 10
1012
12 hPa

c Period
clouds:valid between
broken 0600
ST with UTC
base and
500ft 0000
AGL UTC,
and windNS
8 oktas 020° atbase
with 25 knots,
1500ftvisibility 3000 metres+11°C,
AGL, temperature in rain,
dew point +10°C, QNH 1012 hPa
d
1272 If weather conditions are reported as CAVOK, which of the following could not be
id 6613 present:
a Winds 25 KT, gusting to 40 KT
b 1 okta
okta of
of CB at 9000
9000ft
ft
c Overcast cloud at 5100ft
d

1273  A SIGMET message

message is:
id 6615

a  A routine
routine weather
weather repor
reportt to an aircra
aircraft
ft in flight
flight
b  A routine
routine weath
weather
er report
report from
from an aircr
aircraft
aft iin
n flight
flight
c A warning of reported or forecast hazardous in-flight conditions
d

1274 It is October, and an aerea of high pressure has been established for several days.
id 6646 Which of the following is most likely to represent the TAF for an inland airport?
a 0716 04025KT 7000 BKN013 OVC090=
b 0716 05002KT
05002KT 0800 FG OVC001
OVC001 TEMPO 0709 0200
0200 VV/// BECMG
BECMG 0811 3000 BR OVC
OVC005
005
TEMPO 1116 6000 SCT008=
c 0716 30005KT 9999 SCT035 PROB30 TEMPO 0710 5000 +TSRA BKN050CB=
d
1275 What conditions have to be met amongst others, that the weather is reported to be
id 6789 CAVOK?
a No low
low dri
drifti
fting
ng snow
snow is p
pres
resent
ent
b Wind of less than 25KT
c No clouds are present below 8000 ft AGL
d No clouds are present below 5000 ft AMSL
1276  A pilot observes
observes thunderstor
thunderstorm m activity
activity and severe icing along
along his
his flight
flight path.
id 6802 Therefore, he files a pilot report. What does it lead to?
a It llea
eads
ds to
to a SI
SIGM
GMET
ET
b It leads to a METAR
c  An amended
amended General
General Aviat
Aviation
ion Forecas
Forecastt will be issued
issued
d No action will be taken
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 197 of 207

1277  A SIGME
SIGMET...
T.....
id 6882

a is a warning
warning of meteorologic
meteorological
al hazards
hazards in the FIR
FIR for all aircraft
aircraft
b is a route forecast, issued several times during the day by the Met Offices
c is added as a short-term forecast to the actual weather report of an airport
d reports the actual weather of an airport every 30 minutes

1278
id 6883 TAF LSZH
BECMG 1322
1820 22018G35KT
4000 9999
RA BKN025 SCT012
BECMG BKN030
2022 BECMG
25015KT 1315
T1815Z 25025G45KT
T1618Z = Which
statement is true at 15 UTC?
a met. vis. 4000 metres, gusts of 25 KT, temperature 18°C
b met. vis. 10 km or
or more, ceiling 300
3000
0 ft, wind from 25
250
0 degrees, tempera
temperature
ture 18°C
c met. vis. 10 km or more, ceiling 1200 ft, gusts of 45 KT
d strong rain showers, met. vis. 4000 metres, temperature 15°C, gusts of 35 KT
1279 Refer to the TAF below: What are the weather conditions you have to expect at
id 6884 1200UTC on Zurich airport? TAF LSZH 0716 00000KT 0100FG VV001 BECMG
0810 0800 VV002 BECMG 1012 23005KT 2500 BKN005 TEMPO 1316 6000
SCT007 =
a met. vis. 800 metres, vertical vis. 200ft, calm
b met. vis. 6 km, ceiling 500 ft, wind from 230 degrees
c met. vis.
vis. 2,5 km,
km, ceiling
ceiling 500
500 ft, wind
wind speed
speed 5 KT
d met. vis. 800 m, wind direction 230 degrees, ceiling 500 ft
1280 For your flight from Zurich to Rome you consult, amongst other information, the
id 6927 following SIGMET: SIGMET VALID121420/121820 MOD TO SEV CAT OBS AND
FCST S OF ALPS BTN FL 260 AND FL 380 / STNR / INTSF =
a You select
select a flight
flight level below
below FL 260
260 due to turbule
turbulence
nce
b You select a flight level between FL 260 and FL 380 due to turbulence
c You delay your departure until 18.20 LT to avoid the icing conditions between FL 260 and FL 380
d You disregard this SIGMET, because it does not affect your flight

50.10.03.02. Meteorological broadcasts for aviation: VOLMET, AT

1281 Compare the following TAF and VOLMET reports for Nice: TAF 240716 VRB02KT
id 2522 CAVOK = 0920Z 13012KT 8000 SCT040CB BKN100 20/18 Q1015 TEMPO TS =
What can be concluded from the differences between the two reports ?
a That the weather in Nice after 0920 is also likely to be as predicted in the TAF
b That the weather conditions at 0920 were actually predicted in the TAF
c That the weather
weather at Nice is clearly more
more volatile than
than the TAF could have predicted
predicted earli
earlier
er
in the morning
d That the VOLMET speaker has got his locations mixed up, because there is no way the latest
VOLMET report could be so different from the TAF
1282 Marseille Information gives you the following meteorological information for Ajaccio
id 2556 and Calvi for 16:00 UTC : Ajaccio: wind 360°/2 kt, visibility 2000 m, rain, BKN
stratocumulus at 1000 FT, OVC altostratus at 8000 FT, QNH 1023 hPa. Calvi:
wind 040°/2 kt, visibility 3000 m, mist, FEW stratus at 500 FT, SCT stratocumulus
at 2000 FT, OVC altostratus at 9000 FT, QNH 1023 hPa. The
a 1000 FT at Ajaccio and 2000 FT at Calvi
 b 1000 FT at Ajaccio and 500 FT at Calvi
c 8000 FT at Ajaccio and 9000 FT at Calvi
d 1000 FT at Ajaccio
Ajaccio and
and 9000
9000 FT at
at Calvi
Calvi

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 198 of 207

1283  ATIS infor

informatio
mation
n contain
contains
s
id 4151

a operational information and if necessary meteorological information

b only meteorological information
c meteorological
meteorological and operational
operational information
information
d only operational information

50.10.03.03. Content and use of pre-flight meteorological docum

1284 Which airport, at 1200 UTC, has the lowest probability of precipitation?
id 977

a ESSA
b LSZH
c ENFB
d EFHK

1285 Over Paris at what height would you expect to find the tropopause according to the
id 978 map?
a approx
approx.3
.300
0000
00 FT
b approx. 36000 FT
c approx. 15000 FT
d approx. 28000 FT
1286 What is the optimum flight level between Rome and Paris according to the
id 979 significant weather chart?
a FL 340
b FL 200
c FL 160
d FL 180
1287 Flight Zurich to Rome, ETD 1600 UTC, ETA 1800 UTC. At what flight level would
id 980 you first expect to encounter clear air turbulence on the climb out from Zurich?
a FL 140
b FL 160
c FL 320
d FL 220

1288 What is the approximate height of the tropopause between Munich and Helsinki?
id 981

a FL 340
b FL 280
c FL 300
d FL 390

1289 You are flying from Munich to Amsterdam. Which of the following flight levels would
id 983 you choose in order to avoid turbulence and icing?
a FL 140
b FL 320
 c FL 180
d FL 260

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 199 of 207

1290 In what height range and at what intensity could you encounter turbulence in CAT
id 984 area n°2?
a From FL 22
220
0 to FL
FL 400,
400, modera
moderate
te
b From FL 220 to FL 350, moderate
c From below FL 220 to FL 400, moderate, occasionally severe
d From FL 240 to FL 370, light, occasionally moderate

1291
id 985  At what flight level
level is the jet stream
stream core
core that is
is situated
situated over Germany?
Germany?
a FL 280
b FL 330
c FL 360
d FL 300

1292 How may the correct wind speed be found, for a level, which is between two upper
id 1261 air chart levels? (e.g. wind at FL 250, when the 500 hPa and the 300 hPa chart are
available).
a By interpolation
interpolation of the wind information
information ava
available
ilable from the two charts,
charts, while also
also
considering the maximum wind information found on the Significant Weather Chart.
b By simple interpolation of wind information available from the two charts.
c By reading wind direction and speed from the next higher chart.
d By reading wind direction and speed from the 300 hPa chart.
1293 Why are indications about the height of the tropopause not essential for flight
id 1262 documentation in the tropics?
a The meteorological services are unable to provide such a chart.
b The tropopause
tropopause is generally
generally well above
above the flight level
level actually
actually flown.
c The temperatures of the tropical tropopause are always very cold and therefore not important.
d Tropopause informations are of no value.
1294 If you are flying from Zurich to Shannon at FL 340, where will your cruising altitude
id 1276 be?
a Constantly in the troposphere
b Constantl
Constantly
y in the
the strato
stratospher
sphere
e

c First in the troposphere and later in the stratosphere

d In the stratosphere for part of time

1295 Which of these statements is true?

id 1277

a Turbulence is likely to be encountered at FL 410 over Madrid

b Freezing level above Madrid is higher than FL 120
c The front to the north of London is moving south
d Scattered
Scattered thunderst
thunderstorms
orms can be expected
expected over
over France

1296 On which of these routes would you not need to worry about icing at FL 220?
id 1278

a Zurich - Hamburg
b Zurich - Madrid
 c Hamb
Hamburg
urg - S
Stoc
tockh
khol
olm
m
d Shannon - Zurich

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 200 of 207

1297 What is the wind direction and speed at 3 000 FT overhead position "Q" at 0600
id 1301 UTC?
a 27
270°
0° 30 kt
kt..
b 270° 15 kt.
c 240° 25 kt.
d 240° 20 kt.

1298
id 1544  At which
whic
UTC) h airport,
TAF airport, is 25006KT
060716 the
the following
following
8000weather
weather
BKN240 developmen
development
BECMG t taking
0710 place?
place?BECMG
OVC200 (Chart
(Chart 0600
1013
23010KT 8000 OVC100 BECMG 1316 23014KT 6000 RA SCT030 OVC050 =
a EGLL
b LFPO
c EDDF
d LEMD
1299 What weather conditions are expected at Paris airport (LFPO) around 1300 UTC?
id 1545

a 23014KT 3000 +RA

+RA SCT00
SCT008
8 OVC02
OVC025
5 15/13 Q1004 NOSIG
NOSIG =
b 26012KT 9999 SCT025 SCT040 14/09 Q1018 TEMPO 5000 SHRA =
c 22020G36KT 1500 TSGR SCT004 BKN007 BKN025CB 18/13 Q1009 BECMG NSW =
d 20004KT 8000 SCT110 SCT250 22/08 Q1016 NOSIG =

1300 Over Madrid, what intensity of turbulence and icing is forecast at FL 200 ?
id 1589

a Moderat
Moderate
e turb
turbule
ulence
nce an
and
d icing
icing
b Moderate turbulence, light icing
c Severe turbulence, moderate icing
d Severe turbulence, severe icing

1301  At what

what approxima
approximate
te flight
flight level
level is the
the tropopaus
tropopause
e over
over Frankfurt?
Frankfurt?
id 1590

a FL 300
b FL 330
c FL 350

d FL 240
1302 Select from the map the wind for the route Zurich - London at FL 280.
id 1591

a 040 / 60
b 250 / 80
c 220 / 50
d 160 / 90

1303 What is the average wind at FL 160 between Zurich and Rome ?
id 1592

a 050/40
b 020/50
c 200/45
 d 200/40

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 201 of 207

1304 The temperature at FL 330 overhead London will be

id 1593

a -42°C
b -30°C
c -33°C
d -57°C

1305
id 1598 What wind is forecast at FL 390 over Paris ?
a 030/40
b 230/20
c 210/40
d 190/40

1306 What is the average temperature at FL 160 between Oslo and Paris ?
id 1599

a -11°C
b -23°C
c -19°C
d -25°C

1307 What is the temperature deviation in degrees Celsius, from the International
id 1600 Standard Atmosphere overhead Frankfurt ?
a ISA + 2°C
b ISA
ISA -1
-13°C
3°C
c ISA +13°C
d ISA +8°C

1308 What is the speed of the front located over France?

id 1601

a 30 kt
b 25 kt
c 10 kt
d 15 kt

1309 Flight Munich to London. What is the direction and maximum speed of the jet
id 1602 stream affecting the route between Munich and London ?
a 23
230°
0° / 1
120
20 kt
b 220° / 120 km/h
c 050° / 120 kt
d 230° / 120 m/sec

1310 Flight Shannon to London. What is forecast for the eastern sector of the route
id 1605 between Shannon and London at FL 220 ?
a Scattered towering cumulus
b Overcast nimbo layered cumulonimbus
c Moderate
Moderate or severe turbulence
turbulence and
and icing
icing
d Scattered castellanus
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 202 of 207

1311 Over Amsterdam, what amount and general type of cloud would you expect at FL
id 1606 160 ?
a Mainly
Mainly 5 to
to 8 okt
oktas
as
b 4 oktas broken cumulus
c Isolated cumulonimbus only
d 5 to 7 oktas towering cumuliform cloud and with moderate turbulence

1312
id 1607 To what extent is Munich covered by clouds ?
a 5 tto
o 8 okt
kta
as
b 1 to 4 oktas
c 5 to 7 oktas
d 3 to 5 oktas

1313 What OAT would you expect at FL 200 over Geneva ?

id 1608

a -24°C
b -20°C
c -16°C
d -28°C

1314  Assuming
ssuming a normal
normal vertical
vertical temperature
temperature gradient,
gradient, at what altitude will the
the freezing
freezing
id 1813 level above Tunis be found?
a FL 100
b FL 20
c FL 180
d FL 240

1315 What is the mean temperature deviation from ISA for the Frankfurt - Roma route?
id 1814

a 9°C colder than ISA

b 4°C warmer than ISA
c 4°C colder
colder than
than ISA
ISA
d 9°C warmer than ISA

1316 Select from the map the average wind for the route Athens - Geneva at FL 160.
id 1815

a 240/40
b 210/25
c 260/40
d 050/35

1317 Select from the map the average temperature for the route Athens - Geneva at FL
id 1816 150.
a -21°C
b -14°C
c -11°C
d -27°C
 50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 203 of 207

1318 What is the deviation of the temperature at FL 140 above Copenhagen compared
id 1817 to ISA?
a 4°C warmer than ISA
b 9°C colder
colder than
than ISA
ISA
c 9°C warmer than ISA
d 12°C colder than ISA

1319
id 1818 Select from the map the average wind for the route Zurich - Hamburg at FL 240.
a 230/15
b 020/20
c 200/15
d 260/25

1320 Select from the map the average temperature for the route Zurich - Lisboa at FL
id 1819 200.
a -33°C
b -30°C
c -41°C
d -49°C

1321 Select from the map the average wind for the route Shannon - Lisboa at FL 290.
id 1820

a 030/70
b 360/80
c 190/75
d 340/90

1322 Select from the map the average temperature for the route Geneva -Stockholm at
id 1821 FL 260.
a -55°C
b -51°C
c -47°C
d -63°C
1323 On which of the following routes can you expect icing to occur, on the basis of the
id 1822 chart?
a Rome
Rome - F
Fra
rank
nkfu
furt
rt
b Hamburg - Oslo
c Tunis - Rome
d Copenhagen - Helsinki

1324 Looking at the chart, at what altitude above Frankfurt would you expect the
id 1823 tropopause to be located?
a FL 310
b FL 350
c FL 250
 d FL 280

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 204 of 207

1325 If you are flying from Zurich to London at FL 220, what conditions can you expect at
id 1824 cruising altitude?
a Flight largely in cloud; no turbulence
b Scattere
Scattered
d thunders
thunderstorm
torms
s
c Prolonged severe turbulence and icing throughout the flight
d CAT for the first half of the flight

1326
id 1825 Which of the following statements is true?
a Thunderclouds have formed over the Iberian peninsula extending to some 25000 meters
b The jet stream above Italy has a maximum speed of 120 km/h
c The front to
to the north of Frankfurt
Frankfurt is moving
moving north
north-east
-east at a
about
bout 5 kt
d There is no significant cloud above Rome

1327 On which of these routes would you not have to worry about turbulence at FL 340?
id 1826

a Rome - Berlin
b Zurich - Rome
c Zurich - Athens
d Shanno
Shannon
n - Ham
Hambur
burg
g

1328 If you are flying from Zurich to Stockholm at FL 240, what conditions can you
id 1827 expect at cruising altitude?
a Out of cloud throughout the flight
b Cloud most of the way; little chance of CAT
c Scattered thunderstorms
d Largely free
free of cloud;
cloud; moderate
moderate icing h
half
alf way along
along the route
route

1329 Judging by the chart, what windspeeds can you expect at FL 340 above Rome?
id 1828

a 340 kt
b 145 kt
c 95 kt
d 140 km/h

1330 Judging by the chart, on which of these routes can you expect to encounter
id 1829 moderate and locally severe CAT at FL 300?
a Zu
Zuri
rich
ch - Rom
Rome
e
b London - Zurich
c Zurich - Copenhagen
d Paris - Bordeaux

1331 To which aerodrome is the following TAF most applicable ? TAF 231019 24014KT
id 1929 6000 SCT030 BKN100 TEMPO 1113 25020G38KT 2500 +TSRA SCT008
BKN025CB BECMG 1315 28012KT 9999 SCT025 TEMPO 5000 SHRA BKN020
BECMG 1719 27008KT 9999 SCT030
a LFPG
b LEMD
 c LOWW
d EKCH

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 205 of 207

1332  At which

which airport
airport is the followin
following
g weather
weather developm
development
ent taking
taking place?
place? TAF 231322
231322
id 2523 24014G32KT 4000 +TSRA SCT005 BKN015 BKN020CB BECMG 1416 29012KT
9999 BKN030TCU SCT100 TEMPO 8000 SHRA BKN025TCU BECMG 1922
27012KT 9999 SCT030 OVC220 = (chart 1200 UTC)
a EINN
b ESSA
c ENFB
d EKCH
1333 Which of the following weather conditions would be expected at Athens Airport
id 2524 (LGAT) at around 1450 UTC? (chart 1200 UTC)
a 26014KT 8000 BKN090 17/12 Q1009 BECMG 4000 =
b 16002KT 0200 R33L/0600N FG VV001 12/12 Q1031 BECMG 0800 =
c 21002KT
21002KT 6000 BR SCT040
SCT040 29/16
29/16 Q1026
Q1026 NOSIG =
d 23018G35KT 9999 SCT035 10/04 Q0988 NOSIG =

1334 Which airport is most likely to have fog in the coming night?
id 2525

a ENFB
b LSZH
c EKCH
d ESSA

1335 Select from the map the average wind for the route Zurich - Rome at FL110.
id 2526

a 230/10
b 200/30
c 040/10
d 250/20

1336 Select from the map the average temperature for the route Zurich - Rome at FL
id 2527 110.
a -6°C
b -12°C

c -9°C
d +5°C

1337 Look at the chart. Assuming a normal vertical temperature gradient, at what altitude
id 2528 will the freezing level above Shannon be found?
a FL 20
b FL 60
c FL 140
d FL 120
1338 Select from the map the average wind for the route Frankfurt - Roma at FL 170.
id 2529

a 230/40
b 200/50
 c 050/40
d 030/35

50.10. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION 2002/12/22 Page 206 of 207

1339 8/8 stratus base 200 FT/AGL is observed at sunrise at an aerodrome in the north
id 2542 of France; the QNH is 1028 hPa and there is a variable wind of 3 kt. What change
in these clouds is likely at 12:00 UTC in summer and winter?
a Winter: BKN base 2500 FT/AGL; summer BKN base 3500 FT/AGL.
b Winter: clear sky; summer BKN CB base 1500 FT/AGL.
c Winter: OVC
OVC base 500
500 FT/AGL;
FT/AGL; summer
summer SCT base
base 3000 FT/AGL.
FT/AGL.
d Winter: SCT base 3000 FT/AGL; summer OVC base 500 FT/AGL.
1340  A pilot
pilot is warned
warned of severe icing at certain
certain flight
flight levels
levels by informati
information
on supplied
supplied in
id 3997

a TAF and SIGMET

b TAF and METAR
c METAR and SIGMET
d SWC an
and
d SIG
SIGME
MET
T

50.10.03.05. Measuring and warning systems for low level windsh

1341 What units are used to report vertical wind shear?
id 711

a kt.
b kt
kt/1
/100
00 FT
FT..

c m/100 FT.
d m/sec.

50.10.03.06. Special meteorological warnings

1342 Which of the following weather reports is a warning of conditions that could be
id 712 potentially hazardous to aircraft in flight ?
a SPECI.
b  ATIS.
TIS.
c SIGMET.
d TAF.

1343 In which of the following circumstances is a SIGMET issued ?

id 713

a Clear ice on the runways of an aerodrome.

b Fog or a thunderstorm at an aerodrome.
c Marked
Marked moun
mountai
tain
n wav
waves
es..
d  A sudden
sudden change
change in the weathe
weatherr condition
conditions
s contained
contained in the
the METAR.
METAR.