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I. Applicable Laws
A. Referenced from the National Building Code of the Philippines
1. University is under Division C-1 of Group C- Education and Recreation
 Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading Space Requirements
One (1) car slot for every three (3) classrooms; one (1) off-RROW (or off-street) passenger loading
space that can accommodate two (2) queued jeepney/shuttle slots; and one (1) school bus slot
for every one hundred (100) students.
 Percentage of Total Lot Area under the PSO Table
Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable TOSL
PSO ISA USA (ISA+USA)
50 20 30 50
60* 20* 20* 40*
*with firewall
 Minimum TOSL Requirements by Lot Type/Location
For Institutional uses located in corner lots, 40% of the TLA is the minimum area of open space
 Setbacks for Commercial, Industrial, Institutional and Recreational Buildings

2. School Dormitories/Hostels are under Maximum R-2 of Division A-2 of Group A- Residential
Dwellings
 Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading Space Requirements
Units with a gross floor area of from 18.00 to Units with a gross floor area up to 50.00 sq.
22.00 sq. meters - provide one (1) pooled meters - provide one (1) pooled parking slot* for
parking slot* for every eight (8) units or for a every six (6) medium cost units or for a fraction
fraction thereof, e.g., another slot* shall be thereof, e.g., another slot* shall be provided if
provided if there are more than eight (8) units there are more than six (6) but less than twelve
but less than sixteen (16) units, etc.; (12) medium cost units, etc., or provide one (1)
parking slot* for each open market unit (as
defined under the revised IRR of PD 957);

 Unit area per Occupant in sq.m= 18.60 sq.m

 Percentage of Total Lot Area under the PSO Table
Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable TOSL
PSO ISA USA (ISA+USA)
60 30 10 40
70* 20* 10* 30*
*with firewall
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3. School auditoriums, gymnasia, reviewing stands, little theaters and concert halls belong in
Division I-1 under Group I- Assembly for More than 1,000 (Cultural and/or Recreational)

 Zoning Classification: (Park Structures, Recreation and Entertainment) - a range of recreational

uses or occupancies, characterized mainly as a low-rise or medium rise building/ structure for low
to medium intensity recreational or entertainment functions related to educational uses, e.g.,
structures on campuses or its component parks/open spaces and all other kinds of recreational
or assembly buildings/structures on campus such as auditoria, mess halls, seminar facilities,
gymnasia, stadia, arenas and the like.

 Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading Space Requirements
One car slot and one jeepney/shuttle slot for every 500sqm of spectator area; and one bus
parking slot for every 200 spectators.
 Percentage of Total Lot Area under the PSO Table

Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable Maximum Allowable TOSL

PSO ISA USA (ISA+USA)
50 20 30 50
60* 20* 20* 40*
*with firewall

4. Chapels belong in Division C-1 under Group C-Education and Recreation

 Minimum Required Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading Space Requirements
One car slot and one jeepney/shuttle slot for every 50sqm of congregation area.

5. General Requirements for Occupant Loads

Use of Occupancy Unit Area per Occupant
Dormitories 18.60
Classrooms 1.80
Gymnasia 1.40
Laboratories 4.60
Auditoriums 0.65
Theatres 0.65
Chapels 0.65
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B. Referenced from BP 344

 Accessible Parking Slot Requirement Where parking spaces are required to be provided, the
number of accessible parking lots for vehicles driven by persons with disabilities or vehicles with
passengers with disabilities shall be in accordance with the table below.

 Accessible parking slots shall

have: A minimum width of
3.70 m and a length of 5.00
m. A walkway with a
minimum clear width of 1.20
m. provided between the
front ends of parked cars.
Dropped sidewalks or curb
ramps leading to the parking
level where access walkways
are raised.

 For Seating Accommodations for persons who use wheelchairs in areas like: Auditoriums, arenas,
theatres, and other assembly areas
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C. Referenced from the Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Water Closets (c) Urinals Lavatories Drinking

(fixtures per person) (fixtures per person) (fixtures per person) Fountains (a)
Male Females 1: 1-100 Male Females
1:1-100 3:1-50 2: 101-200 1:1-200 1: 1-200
2: 101-200 4:51-100 3: 201-400 2: 201-400 2: 201-400
3: 201-400 8: 101-200 4: 401-600 3: 401-750 3: 401-750 1 per 75(b)
11:201-400 Over 600, add 1
Over 400, add 1 fixture fixture for each Over 750, add 1 fixture for
for each additional 500 additional 500 males each additional 500 persons.
males and 2 for each 300
females
a. Drinking fountains shall not be installed in bathrooms
b. (There shall be a minimum of 1 drinking fountain per occupied floor in schools, theatres,
auditoriums, dormitories, offices or public buildings)
c. The total number of water closets for females shall be at least equal to the total number of water
closets and urinals required for males

II. University Case Studies

A. CONSIDERATIONS FOR SITE PLAN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT

Inclusive and Accessible – all projects, including new building, major renovation/addition, and open space
network projects must consider the best options to promote safe and secure interaction and integration
among a diverse community and comply with all local, state, and federal standards.

ADDITIONAL:
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B. Carleton University Site Plan

1. A strong mandate for the environmental responsibility

In its development plan, Carleton will continually seek ways to build, renew and maintain buildings,
infrastructure and landscapes in a way that conserves resources, land, water and vegetation,
reduces energy use, and limits waste disposal.

2. Maintain a Compact Academic and Research Campus

Maintaining capacity within the 10 minute radius will require replacement of underperforming
buildings and surface parking areas with more compact, taller buildings and stand-alone / below-
building parking structures. The appropriate height and massing of new buildings will be
determined by evaluating impacts on the surrounding areas including testing shadow impacts to
maximize sunlight on adjacent open spaces, streets and walkways.

3. Apply a Hierarchy to Landscape Design and Maintenance

The Campus will be divided into a hierarchy of landscape typologies. These typologies will be used
to assist with the design, maintenance and programming of outdoor spaces. The level of design
and maintenance should vary from low to high use open spaces. The proposed hierarchy of high
to low maintenance open spaces is as follows: • Main Quads • Secondary Quads (Courtyards) •
Residence Open Spaces • Forecourts and Gardens • Naturalized Areas and Buffers

4. General Landscape Recommendations

 Open space on the Campus is a community-wide asset, playing an important role in
defining the character and identity of Carleton University. Generally, outdoor spaces on
the Campus should be well tended and maintained.
 Active building bases (ground floors) and positive indoor-outdoor relationships should be
an objective of all new development. Buildings should frame open spaces and relate
physically and visually to the outdoor environment.
 Landscapes and open spaces should promote all season use
 Accessibility and low maintenance should rank high among Campus-development
objectives.
 Infrastructure and amenities for cycling should be integrated into all new and existing
Campus open spaces.
 All landscape plans should use non-invasive and/or native planting.

5. Focus on Creating Streets and Walkways for People (Movement)

 Transportation Priority: When prioritizing the various modes of movement on campus,
pedestrians have first priority, followed by bicycles, transit, cars and service vehicles.
 Streets: Carleton will balance the use of streets for vehicular traffic and prioritize use by
pedestrians and bicycles, requiring more emphasis on generous sidewalks, street trees,
dedicated cycling routes, and the animation of flanking buildings.
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 Pedestrians: The pedestrian environment will provide a sense of comfort for users
throughout the day and evening hours with well-lit walkways, shade trees and outdoor
recreational and study/seating areas in sheltered locations. The aim is for pedestrians to
have a sense of pride in the campus.

Planned street system sample Planned pedestrian hierarchy sample

Sample of street elements

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C. Leyteire Square, Bordeaux University

These spaces are currently closed, intended solely for receiving deliveries, however the
project intends to turn them into a lively heart of the University, where intermingling can take
place. The initial meaning of “campus” can be retrieved through an intense central green space.
This series of courtyards becomes a network of interactive spaces, as well as a part of the city : a
number of facilities animate the center of the square (museum, café , amphitheaters) and
contribute to its urban value. The addition of planted elements lends a human scale to the existing
hardscape by providing shade, delineating paths, and acting to filter air, sound, and light that
enters the space.
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This, in turn, combats the Urban Heat Island Effect,

providing more pleasant interior spaces during the
hot summer months. In plan, a certain hierarchy is
established between the wide-open center, and
more intimate spaces along the space’s edges. This
variety of spaces invites a wide range of activities
common for a university campus, from eating lunch
in the sun, to meeting with colleagues and
professors, to hosting celebrations and festivals.

Plan of the intertwined courtyards

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D. University of Houston Campus Design Guidelines

Loggias Some of the harsh aspects of the Gulf Coast region are the semi-tropical climatic
conditions of hot sun, heavy downpours, and high humidity. The architecture of the original core
campus buildings and many of the later modernist buildings does not include covered walkways,
either freestanding or as part of the building. However, some of the buildings do include this
element, which is a fine feature for protecting pedestrians from this climate. Well-lit walkways
are a security enhancement at night as well. Loggias are recommended for all new facilities and
for retrofit studies as well. Eventually, large areas of the campus could be linked with a series of
colonnades tied to loggias or similar features. Therefore, buildings are encouraged to provide
recognizable features such as loggias or overhangs or porches, which support pedestrian
movements across campus.

Existing Loggias

Entrances A feature of older structures is the clarity of where the entrances are. Whether a
symmetrically balanced façade or an asymmetrical design, the entrances were obvious, either
through prominent appendages or dramatic recesses and overhangs. Many of the modern
buildings on campus subordinate the entrance within the geometry and massing to the degree
of its being difficult to locate. Architects are encouraged to seek ways to provide visual clues to
the entrances. Entrances should be prominently defined as part of the architectural statement
of the façade.

Examples of well-designed entrances

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Landscape objectives include:

• A pedestrian campus which prioritizes its • Extension of the indigenous landscape and
open spaces. recreational uses of the adjacent bayou park
system into the campus.
• Generous tree areas with a goal of a tree
canopy equaling 40% of total land area • Inclusion of native plantings which
acknowledge the seasons, and shade and water
• Integrity of core campus’ open spaces while
elements.
accommodating facilities’ growth.
• Appropriately lit exteriors which support
• New campus gathering places of varying
nighttime activities and promote security.
character that are harmonious with the scale of
existing surroundings. • Support for key CPTED (Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design) security
• Physically identifiable and pleasing presence
concepts: natural surveillance, natural access
of the campus upon arrival.
control and natural territorial reinforcement.

Major Getways - Major vehicular

gateways shall be appropriately
reinforced with landscape and
architectural features to signify
entrance and arrival. Gateway
walls, monumentation, graphics,
and colors shall be in scale with a
major institution. Landscape
elements shall be bold and
simple in arrangements,
massing, and alignment.

Portals, entry points to the campus less significant than gateways, shall be appropriately reinforced with
landscape and architectural features to signify entrance and arrival. Portal walls, monumentation,
graphics, and colors shall be in scale with a major institution but also in scale with the surrounding
community. Landscape elements shall be simple in arrangement, massing, and alignment.

University of Houston Portal

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E. UP And UST Campus Maps

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III. Site Space Research

A. Open (paved) quadrangle- The definition of a quad, short for quadrangle, is a large open area
where people can gather, surrounded on four sides by buildings. An example of a quad is a
courtyard in a school. The word is probably most closely associated
with college or university campusarchitecture, but quadrangles are also found in other buildings
such as palaces. Most quadrangles are open-air, though a few have been roofed over (often with
glass), to provide additional space for social meeting areas or coffee shops for students

Parish
Main bldg

Plaza

monument
Quadrangle

Grandstand

University of the East Manila Campus University of Sto. Tomas Campus Map
Map
HAMILTON COLLEGE

Hamilton College of Central New York is

already known for its gorgeous scenery
that invites you onto the campus. The
roads are aligned with trees and is a
popular destination spot for visitors
escaping the city to enjoy the fall air and
leaves. The campus has a central
quadrangle which is close to the chapel
as per quad traditions, and the campus
most beautifully conceived buildings are
all located in proximity to the quad. This
area is teeming with activity all year long
as it is close to the dormitories, campus center, and recreational area. The quad also functions as a great
event space for festivals, concerts, gatherings and performances.
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HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Harvard University’s campus quad—the Radcliffe

Quad—is consistently ranked highly for its
beautiful fresh lawn, lawn chairs, grass slopes, oak
and maple trees that turn a beautiful foliage in the
fall. The quad is also the location where the Cabot
House is situated. The Pforzheimer Houses also are
located at the quad. The Hillies Library is also
located at the quad. The Harvard Yard, which is one
of the oldest parts of the Harvard campus, includes
freshman residence halls and libraries. It also has a well-maintained green lawn that is perfect for leisurely
reading and resting. The quad also functions as a great event space for festivals, concerts, gatherings and
performances.

Conclusion:

B. Student Centre Building- Broadly speaking, the facility is devoted to student recreation and
socialization. A student center or student union is the community center of the college, serving
students, faculty, staff, alumni, and guests. A student activity center might offer a variety of
programs, activities, services, and facilities.

It may contain lounges, wellness centers, dining facilities or vendors, and entertainment
venues. The student center is often the center of student affairs and activities and may house the
offices of the student government or other student groups. It may also act as a small conference
center, with its meeting rooms rented out to student groups and local organizations holding
conferences or competitions

C. Landscape Park

A campus park should

supply with a variety of
designated places with the
capacity to host informal
discussions and exchange of
ideas. It is in the open, non-
hierarchical spaces, rather
than in lecture auditoriums
orat laboratory microscopes
that the truly creative
interaction between
students, researchers and
teachers occurs. The quality
of the campus park thus
enhances the attractiveness
of the university as a whole.
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D. 400m Running Track

Spacing of Seats (as described in NBC)

 Row Spacing
The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from back-to-back shall be: 600 millimeters for
seats without backrests in open air stands; 750 millimeters for seats with backrests; and 850
millimeters for chair seating. There shall be a space of not less than 300 millimeters between the
back of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it.
 Rise Between Rows
The maximum rise from one row of seats to the next shall not exceed 400 millimeters.
 Seating Capacity
For determining the seating capacity of a stand, the width of any seat shall not be less than 450
millimeters nor more than 480 millimeters.
 Number of Seats Between Aisles
The number of seats between any seat and an aisle shall not be greater than fifteen (15) for open
air stands with seats without backrests, a far open air stands with seats having backrests and seats
without backrests within buildings and six (6) for seats with backrests in buildings.
 Aisles Required
Aisles shall be provided in all stands; Except, that aisles may be omitted when all the following
conditions exist: Seats are without backrests; the rise from row to row does not exceed 300
millimeters per row; the number of rows does not exceed eleven (11) in height; the top seating
board is not over 3.00 meters above grade; and the first seating board is not more than 500
millimeters above grade.

E. Admin Building- The central administrative offices serve as the nerve center of the entire physical
education plant. They should be located near the entrance of the building, since all who have
business with the department will first come to these offices. The office of the director and those
of the various faculty members should be adjacent to a large central office which will serve as the
workroom for the secretarial and clerical staff, as a repository for all departmental records, and
as a reception center and waiting room for persons who have business with the department.
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F. Covered Gymnasium- The height from the floor to the beams in the main gymnasium should be
such that in normal use of any of the courts, the balls or badminton birds will not strike the lowest
ceiling beam . This height should be a minimum of 22 ft to accommodate the rope

IV. Auditorium-Theatre
A. Main Auditorium
From National Building Code of the Philippines
1. Seats
a. Seat Spacing With standard seating, the spacing of rows of seats from back-to-back shall
be not less than 840 millimeters. With continental seating, the spacing of rows of
unoccupied seats shall provide a clear width measured horizontally, as follows: 450
millimeters clear for rows of eighteen (18) seats or less; 500 millimeters clear for rows of
thirty five (35) seats or less; 525 millimeters clear for rows of forty five (45) seats or less;
and 550 millimeters clear for rows of forty six (46) seats or more. 142

b. Width The width of any seat shall be not less than 450 millimeters.

2. Stage
The stage is considered first because it is the part of the auditorium most frequently abused
by the designers .The offstage areas should be readily accessible to adequate dressing room
space . There should be adequate space close to the stage to take care of lighting machines,
lighting cables, repair and supply parts, and storage for curtains and other stage equipment .
In all educational situations it is practical to have the rehearsal rooms for chorus, orchestra,
and bend in close proximity to the stage in order to facilitate the preparation for rehearsals,
concerts, and recitals . The instrumental storage rooms, library rooms, scenic shops (including
painting racks), and construction areas should be close enough so that properties can be
shifted onto the stage with a minimum of effort and damage.

Three auditoriums with common preparation room.

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The divisible auditorium is a concept finding increasing favor with those who need to
justify the number of hours per day school facilities are used. Such auditoriums are designed
to be divided by sound-retarding partitions into three or more areas for large-group
instruction. Partitions may run from front to rear as well as across the auditorium. Provision
for projecting films and other audiovisual materials should be planned for all areas.
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B. Exits (NBC)
 Number of Exits. Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one (1) exit. In
all occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant load of more than ten (10)
shall not have less than two (2) exits. Each mezzanine floor used for other than storage
purposes, if greater in area than 185 sq. meters or more than 18.00 meters in any
dimension, shall have at least two (2) stairways to an adjacent floor. Every storey or portion
thereof, having an occupant load of 500 to 999 shall have at least three (3) exits. Every
storey or portion thereof having an occupant load of one thousand (1000) or more shall
have at least four (4) exits. The number of exits required from any storey of a building shall
be determined by using the occupant loads of floors which exit through the level under
consideration as follows: 50% of the occupant load in the first adjacent storey above (and
the first adjacent storey below, when a storey below exits through the level under
consideration) and 25% of the occupant load in the storey immediately beyond the first
adjacent storey. The maximum number of exits required for any storey shall be maintained
until egress is provided from the structures. For purposes of this Section basement or cellars
and occupied roofs shall be provided with exits as required for storeys. Floors above the
second storey, basements and cellars used for other than service of the building shall have
not less than two (2) exits.

 Distance to Exits. No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be more than 45.00
meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed
stairway, measured along the line of travel. In a building equipped with a complete
automatic fire extinguishing system, the distance from exits may be increased to 60.00
meters.

V. Auditorium-Theatre Case Studies

A. Ryan Center, Northwestern University

The new music and communication

building is located just south of
Northwestern University's Pick-Staiger
Concert Hall and Regenstein Hall of
Music, on the southeastern edge of the
Evanston campus. Sited on a prime parcel
fronting Lake Michigan and a new arts
green, the building is envisioned as a
signature facility.
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Prominent recital hall with dramatic views to Dynamic entry sequence with main vehicular access
Lake Michigan and Chicago skyline

Maximize occupants’ view towards Lake Michigan

B. Wolfe Centre for the Arts, Bowling Green State University

Plans for the building include three performance

spaces: a proscenium theater that will provide space
for large-scale productions of musical theater, opera,
and classical drama; a studio theater for the
presentation of more diverse artistic programs,
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including theater for young audiences and productions of new plays, and an actor’s theater to provide
space for experimental productions integrating the spoken word and body movement with digital and
sound technology. Sunlit and spacious, the lobby provides views upward to the lounges, classrooms and
studios of the art, music, and drama departments on the second level. Situated at the heart of the building,
the proscenium theater seats 400 and can be used for a variety of performance programs.

Sunlit and spacious, the lobby provides views upward to the lounges, classrooms and studios of the art,
music, and drama departments on the second level. Situated at the heart of the building, the proscenium
theater seats 400 and can be used for a variety of performance programs.

Sunlit and spacious lobby

Performance theatre
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Ground Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

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Sections

Site Plan
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VI. REFERENCES:

P.D. 1096

BP344

Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Time-Savers Standards for Building Types

http://www.uvm.edu/~plan/cmpc_design_review_process.pdf

http://www.yourdictionary.com/quad

https://www.ue.edu.ph/news/?attachment_id=4671

https://pasr2.wordpress.com/tag/university-of-sto-tomas/

http://www.collegerank.net/beautiful-campus-quads/

http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2012/10/leyteire-square-by-debarre-duplantiers-associes/

http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2013/12/the-campus-park-at-umea-university-by-thorbjorn-
andersson-with-sweco-architects/

https://easingthehurrysyndrome.wordpress.com/2014/03/11/running-around-a-track-iii/

https://www.archdaily.com/774726/northwestern-university-ryan-center-goettsch-partners

https://www.archdaily.com/254446/wolfe-center-for-the-arts-snohetta-2