Submitted to:

Dr. Naveed
Submitted by:

BS Physics 8th semester

Subject:
Nuclear physics II

1. Nuclear reaction involves the particles in the

(a)electron cloud
(b)neutron
(c)nucleus
(d)half-life
2. The particles involved in breaking and forming of bond are
(a)electron
(b) proton
(c) neutron
 (d) all of these
3. Probability interaction is related to cross section by
(a)by invers relation
(b) direct relation
(c) a and b both
(d) none of these
4. If Q value is large then the reaction will be
(a)faster
(b) slower
(c) moderate
(d) none of these
5. Conversion of a nucleus in to another nucleus is called
(a) Nuclear reaction
(b) transmutation reaction
(c) nuclear scattering
(d) a and b both
6. If nucleus interact with each other without changing the nature of any nuclide then process is
called
(a)Nuclear scattering
(b) nuclear reaction
(c) transmutation reaction
(d) none of these
7. Energy required for a nucleon in medium energy reaction is
(a)<100Mev
(b) >100Mev
(c) =100
(d) none of these
8. First particle accelerator was built in the following year
(a)1930
(b) 1940
(c) 1935
(d) 1950
9. The process of disintegration of compound nucleus is called
(a)Entrance channel
(b) exit channel
(c) channel
(d) a and c both
10. The mean life of a compound nucleus is given by
(a)10-22 to 10-21s
(b) 10-20 to 10-21s
(c) 10-22 to 10 -20s
 (d) none of these
11. If energy is concentrated on a signal nucleon then emitted rays are
(a) beta particles
(b) alpha particles
(c) gamma rays
(d) a and c both
12.The decay of compound nucleus depends on
(a)energy
(b) angular momentum
(c) parity
(d) all of these
13. Compound theory can be applied for the nuclei
(a)heavy
(b) light
(c) a and b both
(d) none of these
14. Gamma rays are emitted during the transition of
(a)nucleons
(b) electrons
(c) protons
(d) all of these
15. Energy levels of nucleons are measured in
(a)electron volt
(b) kilo electron volt
(c) mega electron volt
(d) none of these
16. In bounded energy level nucleus is de excited by the emission of
(a) proton
(b) gamma rays
(c) neutron
(d) alpha particle
17. The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur is known is
(a) threshold energy
(b) critical energy
(c) excitation energy
(d) a and b both
18. For heaver nucleus with Z>90, the critical energy for even nucleus is about
(a) 4 to 6MeV
(b) 3 to 5MeV
(c) 4 to 5MeV
(d) none of these
19. Q-value of a nuclear reaction is the following energy
(a) absorbed energy
(b) released energy
(c) a and b both
(d) none of these
20. If the Q-value is negative then kinetic energy of product is
(a) <the k.E of reactance
(b) >the k.E of reactance
(c) equal to the k.E of reactance
(d) none of these
21. The nuclear cross section is defined by
(a) Ϭ = I/R
(b) Ϭ = R/I
(c) Ϭ = 2R/I
(d) none of these
22. if the level width of a state is large then the state will be
(a) poorly defined
(b) sharply defined
(c) normally defined
(d) none of these
23. Parity is equal to
(a) -101
(b) -101
(c) -11
(d) none of these
24. the parity maintain even number of 1s is
(a) Even parity

(b) Odd parity

(c) Even and odd both

(d) None of these

25. Isospin is also called

(a) Isobaric spin

(b) Isotopic spin

(c) Both a and b

(d) All
26. Coherent behavior of nucleus is emphasized by
(a) Liquid drop model
(b) Atomic model
(c) Collective model
(d) Shell model
26. In the case of argon, the first excited state is
(a) 3+

(b) 2+

(c) 2-

(d) 0

27. The pairing energy is associated with

(a) Different kind of nucleons

(a) Same kind of nucleons

(c) Exact atomic number

(d) All

28. If the energy level of incident particle and target particle is consides with each other than it
is
(a) Resonance

(b) Isotropic

(c) Equilibrium

(d) Static state

29. Briet Wigner formula relates the cross section of nuclear reaction with
(a)E of incident particle
(b) E of emitted particle
(c) a and b both
(d) none of these
30. If the energy of incident particle with any state of nucleus then process is called
(a)atomic resonance
(b) nuclear resonance
(c) resonance
(d) a and c both
31. Optical model is used to deal with scattering process when following process is involved
(a)absorption
 (b) emitting
(c) sharing
(d) all of these
32. In optical model, we use following potential
(a) Real potential
(b) Complex potential
(c) a and b both
(d) none of these

33. In wave function Ѱ=eihk the value of k is

(a)k= 4π/λ
(b) k= 2π/λ
(c) k= 3π/λ
(d) k= 5π/λ
34. Decreasing amplitude indicate
(a) distortion
(b) absorption
(c) higher energy
(d) lower energy
35. According to the shell model the depth of potential well is
(a)~30MeV
(b) ~40MeV
(c) ~35MeV
(d) ~50MeV
36. The behavior of cross section with energy depend on
(a)size of total width
(b)spacing b/w energy level
(c)a and b both
(d)all of these
37. Before collision incident particle stay in virtual state for the time
(a)10-32s
(b)10-22s
(c)10-12s
(d)10-11s

38. If scattering is elastic then level width of a and b are related as

(a)ſa < ſb
(b) ſa> ſb
(c) ſa= ſb
(d) all of these
39. Maximum cross section in case of elastic scattering is given by
 (a)λ2(2l+1)/π
(b) λ2(3l+1)/π
(c) λ2(2l+3)/π
(d) λ2(4l+1)/π

40. the value of g is equal to

a) 9.81ms-2 b) 9.81ms-1 c) 98.1ms-2 d) None of these

41. 1eV is equal to the

a) 1.6 10-16j b) 1.6 10-19j c) 1.10 107j d) All of these
42. Mass of the electron is
a) 9.11 10-31kg b) 1.673 10-27kg c) 1.675 10-27kg d) None
43. 1 gram molecule at STP occupies
a) 20 liter b ) 21 liter c) 22.4 liter d) 23.4 liter
44. Rydberg constant is equal to the
a) 1.6 10-16 j b) 1.6 10-19j c) 1.10 107m-1 d) All of these
45. In 1 year total seconds is
a) 3.16 106s b) 3.16 107s c) 3.16 108s d) 3.16 109s
46. Planck constant h is
a) 6.626 1 0-34js b) 4.136 10-15eVs c) both a & b d) None
47. Bohr magneton is is represented by
a) µb b) µN c) R d) mb
48. unified atomic mass unit (amu) is equal to
a) 1.66 10-27kg b) 1.6 10-19kg c) 3.16 107kg d) 1.01 105kg
49.Speed of light in free space is
a) 3 108ms-1 b) 3 108ms-2 c) 9.27 10-24 d) None
50. 1 atmosphere is equal to
a) 1.66 10-27kg b) 1.6 10-19kg c) 3.16 107kg d) 1.01 105Nm-2

51.The scattering process is dealt by the help of the

(a) Scattering model
(b) Shell model
(c) Physical model
(d) Optical model
52.A reaction that have –ve q values is called,
(a) Exothermic reaction

(b) Endothermic reaction

(c) Non elastic reaction

(d) Elastic reaction

53. Electrons are positioned

 (a) inside the nucleus

(b) outside the nucleus

(c) both inside and outside the nucleus

(d) at all of the above locations

54. Mass Number is defined as:

(a) the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a nucleus

(a) the number of neutrons in a nucleus

(b) the complement of the Atomic Number

(c) the number of protons in a nucleus

55. An atom can be considered as consisting mostly of:

(a) Isotopes

(b) Empty spaces

(c) Water

(d) neutrons

56. For an atom to be electrically neutral, the number of

(a) protons equals the number of electrons

(b) neutrons equals the number of electrons

(c) protons equals the number of neutrons

(c) protons equals the number of nucleons

57. The atomic number is equivalent to which of the following?

(a) The number of neutrons in the atom

(b) The number of protons in the atom

(c) The number of nucleons in the atom

 (d) The number of 𝛼–particles in the atom

58. Which of the following particles has the smallest mass?

(a) Proton

(b) Electron

(d) Neutron

(d) Nucleon

59. How many neutrons are in the 126C atom ?

(a) 12

(b) 6

(c) 18

(d) 9
60. An unknown chemical element is presented by the following formula: AZ X . What is the
name of index Z?

(a) Atomic mass number

(b) Atomic number

(d) Principle quantum number

(d) Orbital quantum number

61. Which of the following is correct for the number of neutrons in the nucleus?

(a) N = A –Z

(b) N = Z – A

(c) N = Z +A

(d) N = Z

62. Neutron is produced during the

 (a) fission reaction

(b) chemical reaction

(c) both a and b

(d) none of these

63. Which of the particle is essential for the production nuclear power

(a) neutron

(b) proton

(c) electron

(d) all of these

64. Neutron was discovered in

(a)1930 (b) 1932 (c) 1935 (d) 1929
65. Proton was discovered by
(a)james chadwick (b) newton (c) Bohr (d) Rutherford
66. Proton was discovered in
(a)1930 (b) 1917 (c) 1935 (d) 1929
66. Electron was discovered in
(a)1930 (b) 1897 (c) 1935 (d) 1929
67. Electron was discovered by
(a)james chadwick (b) newton (c) Bohr (d) Thompson
68. According to Rutherford atom was consist of
(a)only electron (b) massive nucleus (c) only proton (d) none
69. Size of electron cloud around nucleus is
(a)small (b) much larger than nucleus (c) negligible (d) all
70. Rutherford says that nucleus is surrounded by
(a)cloud of protons (b) cloud of neutron (c) cloud of electron (d) None
(a)electron (b) proton (c)a&b (d) neutron
71.If incident and product projectile is equal to each other
a) Scattering b) X-rays c) Nuclear reaction d) All of these
72. Lower energy of a nucleus is called
a) original state b) Excited state c) Ground state d) None of these
.73 Transition of Nucleons emitted
a) Alpha-particle b) Beta-particle c) Gamma-rays d) X-rays
74. The nucleus has high energy level of
a) Below 2MeV b) 2-6 MeV c) >6Mev d) <6MeV
75. Low energy level has
 a) Greater spacing b) less spacing c) equal spacing d) None

76.The minimum energy required to occur an reaction is

a) Excitation energy b) Ground state energy
c)threshold energy d) All of these

77.available energy is depends upon the

a) initial K.E b) final K.E c) initial P.E d) final P.E
78. A (n) _______ has a positive charge and mass.
a. Neutron b. Electron c) Proton d. Isotope e. Nucleus

79.The center portion of an atom is called

a(n) . a. Electron b. bond c). nucleus d. orbital e. neutron

80. . Each element is defined by the number of

a. Atoms b. Isotopes c. Neutrons d). Protons e. Nuclei.

81.The atomic number of an atom is based upon the number of:

a. Nucleus b. Electrons c. Neutrons d). protons e. protons and neutrons
82.Why we need neutron source.
(a) To start fission (b) To start fussion (c) Emit neutron (d) Absorbed neutron
83, Neutron source can be characterized by numbers of factor
(a) Intensity (b) Energy distribution (c) Angular distribution (d) All of these
84. Large neutron source
(a) Nuclear reactor (b) Fusion (c) Spallation (d) All of these
85. Medium neutron source
(a) Photo fission (b) Light ion accelerator (c) Both (d) None of these
86. Small neutron source
(a) Neutron generator (b) Radioisotopes source (c) both (d) none of these
87. Most significant neutron source is
(a) Large neutron source (b) Small neutron source (c) medium neutron source (d) All of these
88. Uranium 235 release energy during fission reaction
(a) 180Mev (b) 190Mev (c) 200Mev (d) 210Mev
89. Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more nuclei colliede at
(a) very high energy (b) Small energy (c) Medium energy (d) high energy
90. The Term spallation is applied to a sequence of events that take place if
target……………………… are bombarded with particles of de-Brogile wavelength which is
shorter than linear dimensions of nucleus.
a) Nuclei b) Atom c) Electron d) Photon

91. De-Brogile wavelength is …………………

2 2
a) λ= h b) λ= h c) λ= 1 h 2 d) 2 h2
√
Ans = b)
4 mE √
2 mE √
f 2 mE
λ=
√
f 2 mE
 92. Synchrotron is a particle accelerator which accelerate the particle in …………….path till its
energy and velocity required for collision of particles.
a) Linear b) Horizontal c) Circular d) All

93. …………………… are emitted from the primary source into the synchrotron.
a) Neutron b) Electrons c) Both a) & b) d) Proton

94. When the energy of accelerated particles is less the collision occurs with Nucleus but
when the energy is more the collision occurs with…………..
a) Proton b) Neutron c) Electron d) both a) & b)
95. Spallation sources are ……………..flux sources in which accelerated proton hit a heavy
target material, causing the emission of neutron.
a) High b) Medium c) Low d) Negligible
96. The reaction occur at certain threshold of incident particles energy that is…………….
a) 1-15 MeV b) 5-15 MeV c) 10-15 MeV d) 12-15 MeV
97. Gamma have a ……………. energy than the rest neutrons binding energy that’s why it
helps in emission of neutron.
a) Greater b) Medium c) Less d) All of these
98. Bremssstrahlung/Photofission is the type of……………………. neutron sources.
a) Large b) Medium c) Small d) None
99.A source of ………………..neutrons /second in produced in short pulse gap. (i.e 1 pulse < 5
μsec).
a) 1010 b) 1011 c) 1012 d)1013
100. Light Atomic………………….. elements are used in Bremssstrahlung/Photofission.
a) Atomic mass b)Atomic Number c) atomic weight d)Both a) & c)

101.Why photo fission is called photo fission

a) It uses gamma rays
b) It uses photons
c) It uses neutrons
d) Both (a) and (b)

102.After passing through the accelerator, the energy of the of the particle
a) Increases
b) decreases
c) Remains same
d) None

103.In small neutron sources, neutron are produced in fusion of

a) Proton and electron
b) Alpha and beta
 c) Deuterium and tritium
d) None

105.Neutron generator is_________________ source of neutrons

a) Continuous
b) Discrete
c) Both
d) None

106.(α, n) here output is

a) Alpha
b) Neutron
c) Photon
d) Gamma rays

107.The bombardment of beryllium by α particles leads to ther production of neutrons is

process
a) Endothermic reaction
b) Exothermic reaction
c) Chain reaction
d) Both (a) and (c)

107.Radioisotopes source (α, n) is _______________ source of neutron

a) Weak
b) Strong
c) Expensive
d) None

108. 21H + 31 H 🡪 4
He + _______ + 17.6 Mev
2
a) Electron
b) Proton
c) Neutron
d) None

109.Does Neutron have any direct detection?

a) Yes
b) No
c) Maybe both
d) None of the above
110. Which process states that Neutron interacts with the nuclide/Nucleus to produce a
secondary charged particles?
a) Detection Process
 b) Fission process
c) Fusion process
d) None of the above
111. Tritium is produced for:
Medical source
a) Weapon programs
b) A booster for nuclear weapons
c) Both b and c
112. How much energy is released in the helium-3 neutron proportional counters?
n+ 32 He P+ 31 H +?
a) 520 KeV
b) 765 KeV
c) 453 KeV
d) 10 MeV
113. The Supply of Helium-3 is:
a) In bulk
b) Limited or rare
c) Neither in bulk nor rare
d) All of the above
114.In Neutron Detectors, Quench Gas is used:
a) To release energy
b) Control the ionization
c) Absorbs the electrons
d) All of the above
115.In neutron gas filled detectors, which gases have the high cross section (Neutron Capture) ?
a) Boron tri-Flouride gas
b) Lithium-6 gas
c) Helium-3 gas
d) All of the above

116. Which of the following is not a type of radiation detectors?

a) Geiger Muller Counter
b) Gas filled proportional counter
c) Semi conductor detector
d) Flame emission detector
117. What type of detector is based on ionization of gas molecules by radiations, followed by
collection of ion pairs as charge or current with the application of a voltage between two
electrodes?
a) GM detector
b) Gas filled detector
c) Semi Conductor detector
d) None of the above
118. In gas filled detectors, Positive ions are attracted to:
 a) Negative Electrode (Cathode)
b) Positive Electrode (Anode)
c) Neutral
d) Both a and b

119. Dual chambers are used for measure of

Neutron
a. Proton
b. Electron
c. Positron
120. In ionization chamber, vapors are bombarded with fast moving
a. Electron
b. Proton
c. Neutron
d. None of these
123. Pulse height is proportional to the number of ions that was resulting from
interaction of
a. Charged particles
b. Uncharged particles
c. Ions
d. None of these
124. In proportional counter electrons are produced due to the
Electric field
Ionization
Energy
None
125.In proportional counter signal is proportion to the
Amount of ionization
Energy of recoiling proton
Both a and b
None
126.Phosphor is a solid material that emits
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons
Light
127.In scintillator counter atoms are ionized along
Curve
Line
Track
None of these
128.Interaction of ionization radiation produces
Ultraviolet light
Visible light
 Both a and b
None of these
129.If the incident neutrons are scattered by the hydrogen nucleus then it produces
Recoil neutron
Recoil proton
Recoil positron
Recoil electron
130.Scintillation is detected by
Operation
Signals
Light
Photomultiplier
131. Ionization current indicates
Revelation rate
Exposure rate
Both a and b
Detection rate

132. The number of pulses at anode per unit time gives information about
a) Intensity of radiation
b) Energy of radiation
c) Frequency of radiation
d) A and b
133.Scintillation counter can detect
a) Beta rays
b) Gamma rays
c) X-rays
d) All of these
134.Scintillation counter is a large flat crystal of which of following material
a) Sodium chloride
b) Sodium iodide
c) Sodium sulphate
d) None o these
135.To convert energy of radiation into light flashes the efficiency should be
a) High
b) Low
c) Moderate
d) None of these
136.In scintillator, gamma rays produced energetic electrons by
a) Photoelectric effect
b) Compton effect
c) Pair production
d) All of these
137In semiconductor detector energy provided to electron hole pair is
 a) 4eV to 5eV
b) 3eV to 4eV
c) 5eV to 7eV
d) 10eV to 15e
138.Semiconductor detector operates at following voltage
a) High voltage
b) Low voltage
c) A and b
d) Moderate voltage
139.Silicon diode based detector particles generated in
a) Neutron induced reaction
b) Proton induced reaction
c) Electron induced
d) All of these
140.In semiconductor detectors the p-n junction is
a) Forward biased
b) Reveres biased
c) Both forward and reverse
d) All of these

141.Gas detectors are efficient only for............ neutrons.

a) low energy
b) Medium energy
c) High energy
d) Very high energy
142.High energy neutrons have ............ cross section.
a) Small capture
b) very small capture
c) High capture
d) Very high capture
143.A medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons is called neutron ......
a) Condenser
b) Coolant
c) Moderator
d) Conductor
144.Due to slow down the neutrons, the probability of interaction is......
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Remain same
d) None of them
145.Most commonly used moderator is.......
a) Light water
b) Hydrogen
c) deuterium
d) None of them
146.A moderator is used in nuclear reactor in order to ?
a) Accelerate the neutrons
b) Slow down the speed of the neutrons
c) Increase the number of elections
d) Decrease the number of electrons
c) None of these
147.Which of the following fuel material occurred naturally?

a) U235
b) Pu239
c) Pu241
d) U-233
148.Which of the following is not used as moderator?
a) water
b) heavy water
c) graphite
d) boron
149.Fuel for a nuclear reactor (thermal) is _____________
a) Uranium
b) Plutonium
c) Radium
d) None of the mentioned
150. In fission, the mass of products is
a) less than original nucleus
b) more than original nucleus
c) equal to original nucleus
d) all of above
151.In which of the following process are Neutrons emitted?
a) Inverse beta Decay
b) Nuclear fission
c) Spontaneous Fission
d) Nuclear fusion
152.Why neutrons with lower energy should be capable of causing fission?
a) For faster reaction process
b) For sustained reaction process
c) For Safety purpose
d) In order to not waste the nuclear fuel
153.What happens when a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus of an atom of U235?
a) Mass number of atom increases
b) One electron is let out
c) U236 isotope is formed
d) Nucleus becomes unstable
154.Who invented nuclear fission?
a) Rutherford
b) Hans Bethe
c) Otto Hahn
d) Marie Curie
155. What type of Reaction takes place in sun?
a) Nuclear fusion
b) Nuclear fission
c) Spontaneous fission
d) Double beta decay

156.The energy of the scattered neutron in elastic scattering depends upon

a) Scattering angle b) mass of nucleus c) incident angle d) both a & b
157.The value of the momentum of incident neutron in y-direction before collision
is………
a) 1 b) -1 c) 0 d)
None of these
158.The energy of scattered neutron in elastic scattering is……….
a) Ef = E0 - Er b) Ef = E0 + Er c) E0 = Ef + Er d) Er = Ef + E0
159.In elastic scattering the momentum P =
a) √ 2 mv b) √ 2 mE c) 2mE d)
2mV
160.In elastic scattering the graph is plotted between………..
a) Momentum, energy b) energy, mass c) energy, angle d) angle,
momentum
161.In case of carbon maximum energy loss is only about………………… when
scattering angle is 180 degree.
a) 300 KeV b) 200 KeV c) 100 KeV d) 50
Kev
FBD
Unit of nuclear cross section is... Barn
Q value is determined by... Mass of reactants products
Negative Q value means... E of reactants less than products
For endothermic reaction Q value is.... Negative
For exothermic reaction Q value is... Positive
In endothermic reaction.... Final E less than initial E
Q value is the kinetic energy of..... Products
Q value is actually..... Energy
Q= (Mp-Mr) *..........931Mev
Conversion of a nucleus in other nucleus is...... Transmutation
First particle accelerator....... 1930
Range of low energy reactions is..... 10Mev
In medium energy reactions...... (100--1000)Mev
In high energy reactions...... Above 1Gev
In photo effect, b will be...... Gamma ray
Energy released in nuclear reaction...... All of them
First artificial transmutation made by..... Rutherford
Mean life of compound nucleus...... 10power -22 to 10power -21sec
Compound nucleus model is for...... 50 Mev
Compound nucleus decay depend... All of them
Process of disintegration of...... Eixt channel
Photons released from out of nucleus...... X ray
During transitions of nucleons -----emitted....... Alpha rays
During electron re arrangement """""" emitted....... X rays
Low energy levels have...... Greater energy
Virtual energy levels exist..... Between bound levels
Virtual energy levels are..... unstable
Minimum excitation energy required for reaction..... Both critical and threshold
1 barn?... None of them 10 powers -10,-20,-30
Mean life time of compound nucleus r=.........1/y
Uncertainty in energy is...... Level width
A state with small life time have..... Poorly defind level width
Parity of 3Li....... Odd
Parity of 1D...... Even
For positive parity reversed state would look..... Same
Which nuclear model similar to atomic model....... Shell model
Resonance occur when energy........ Any level of target nucleus
Long range potential are used in atoms it have..... Virtual states
A decreasing amplitude means that the transmitted partical...... being absorbed
Mean free path in a specific distance....... 1/E times
Shell model has a potential depth...... 40 Mev
Attenuation distance is of the same oder.when W...... (6---8) Mev
Which of the partical has smallest mass...... Electron
Force is responsible for radioactive decay...... Weak nuclear force
A reaction that released more energy....... Exothermic
Neutron kinetic energy is 70 Mev, its velocity is.... 1.158*10power 8
Parity of 1H for ground state is..... +1
Parity of 8O is..... None of them (odd, -1,2)
Formula of nuclear cross section segma =........ R/I
For havier nuclei Z greathar than 90 critical energy is..... (4----6)Mev
For odd A threshold energy is...... Much lower
Bound energy level can not de excite by emitting ......all of them (a-ray, neutron,proton)
Bound state de excite by emitting...... Gamma ray
De excitation of energy states can take place in.......... Two ways
Stable level means after transition it re become....... Stable
Nucleons have energy in...... Mev's
Energy in compound nucleus is concentrated on group of nucleons ..... None of them ( B ray, gamma ray, x ray)
Energy in compound nucleus is concentrated on a single nucleon emitted.... Gamma rays
Q value effect .....reaction rate
All sorts of particles can be produced in........ High energy reactions
The energy released in a nuclear reaction can appear in...... Three way
Nuclear energy level have moderate region...... 2-----6 Mev
In which state projectile particle trappad..... Virtual state
Fleeting decay configuration occur during the formation of..... Compound nucleus
The projectile particle which is momentarily trapped have.... Positive energy
Who gave Breit Wigner formula...... Both( Breit and wigner)
Which phenomenon occur due to overlapping of particles..... Resonance
What is high energy reactions..... Particles can be produced

Nuclear Physics- II (Mcqs)

Msc Physics (M)

Lec#1

1. An Exothermic Reaction Corresponds

to the Q-Value
a) positive b) Negative
c) Both d) None
2. More Cross-section Area of Interaction Means
a) Less probability b) Greater probability c) Both d) none

3. Units of Nuclear Cross-section Area is

a) per metre b) per metre square

c) Barn d) None

4. In chemical reactions we achieve products by combining

a)Neucleons b) Atom
sc) none of them d) All of them
5. Nuclear Reaction is the reaction in which through nucleus we have
a) interaction of particles b) interaction of atoms
 c) none of them d) All of them

6. In chemical reactions Rates of reaction is influenced by

a) temperature b) pressure

c) concentration d) All of them

7. In Nuclear Reactions are accompanied by absorption or release of energy

a) tremendous amount b) moderate amount c) small amount d) None

8. Q-Value for a reaction is the amount of energy absorbed ir released during

the
a) Chemical Reactions b) Nuclear Reaction c) both d) none of them

9. Q-value can be determined from the masses of the

a) Reactants b) products c) Both d) none of them

10. Larger the positive Q-value for the reaction then the reaction proceeds
a) slower b) faster c)moderate d) both a &c

11. For the reactants and products the Q-value us

a) 370Mev b) 380Mev c) 385Mev d) 391Mev

12. In Elastic and in-elastic scattering the incoming and outgoing particles are
the
a) different b) same c) equal d) none of them

13. In nuclear reactions the projectile fuses with the target to form a
a) excited nucleus b) compound nucleus c)none of them

14. a + A = a + A is
a)elastic b)in-elastic c)Both d)none of them

15. In nuclear reactions we don't use

a) electrons b) protons c) neutron d) none of them
Lec#2
1-In elastic and inelastic scattering coming and outgoing particles are
Same
Different
Stable
Unstable
2-A cross section is square of
Reaction paramids
Reaction amplitude
Reaction constituent
None
3-Low energy reactions have energy
10Mev per nucleons
>10mMev per nucleons
<10Mev per nucleons
100Mev per nucleons
4-In inelastic scattering the emitted particles are in
Excited state
Ground state
Virtual state
Metastable state
5-The discrete peaks in energy spectrum are due to
Elastic scattering
Inelastic scattering
Transfer reaction
All
6-The conversion of one element into other element by bombardment of high
energy particles is called
Artificial transmutation
Transmutation
Both a and b
None
7-The product of artificial transmutation are
Stable
Radioactive
Both a and b

8-Al-27+He-4%-------->Si-30
Proton
Neutron
Deutron
None

9-Li-7+proton---à4He-4+alpha is known as
Rutherford reaction
Cockcraft and walton reaction
James chadwick reaction
none

Lecture no# 3.
1. Compound nucleus is
Stable

Unstable

Highly stable
 May or may be not stable

2. Mean life of compound nucleus is

10^-14 to 10^-16

10^-18 to 10^-20

10^-19 to 10^-20

10^-21 to 10^-22

3. Compound nucleus term was first used by

Newton

De-Broglie

Neil Bohr

Schrodinger

4. The bombarding particle losses it’s … energy in first step.

No energy

All energy

Partial energy

A and c

5. Compound nucleus model is good for explaining … reaction.

Low energy

High energy

Medium energy

Both b and c

6. The process of disintegration of Compound nucleus is called

 Entrance channel

Exit channel

Residual

Fission

7. Compound nucleus can decay in ways that it ejects

Rays of photons (ˠ)

Nucleons (alpha particle) or lighter nuclei

Neutrons

All of above can be produces

8. Compound nucleus decay depends upon

Energy (E) of compound nucleus

Angular momentum (L) of compound nucleus

Parity of compound nucleus

All of these

9. The compound nucleus disintegrates into … ejected particle (a product

nucleus).
Small

Large

Equal to incident

Both b and c

10. Compound nucleus decays independent of

Way it carries out

Energy (E) of compound nucleus

 Angular momentum (L) of compound nucleus

Parity of compound nucleus

LEC#04
Angular distribution of emitted particles is not
Independent of

Exit Channel
Entrance channel
Both a & b
None of these
2)..... energy of compound nucleus is same for
Both entrance channel a&b
Kinetic
Excitation
Ionization
None
3)Energy level of nucleus is measured in
Kev
Ev
Mev
None
4) De-excitation of states cannot take place in
One way
Two way
Three way
None of these
5) Generally nuclear energy have region
Five
Two
Three
Four

Lecture 5
1: The critical energy for heavy nuclei is
a) Z>90 b) z<90 c) both a and b

2: The critical energy is much lower for

a) A-odd b) A-even c) both a and b

3: The minimum excitation energy required for reaction to occur is known

as

a) Critical energy b) Threshold energy c) None

4: Threshold energy for even nuclei is

a) 5 to 6 Mev b) 3 to 5 Mev c) 4 to 6 Mev

Lec# 6

The reaction will be Endothermic if

A.Energy is liberated
B.Energy is absorbed
C.Q. value is negative
D.B and C
We can find Q value if we know the

A.mass of reactants
B.mass of products
C.both
D.none

X +a = Y + b in this equ projectail particle

Is?

A.x
B.a
C.y.
D.b

Which is the following is similar to electron

A.alpha particles
B.beta particles
C.gama rays
D.none.

The element is formed due to radioactive decay is called

A.parent element
B.daughter element
C.mother element
D.none

The energy required to break down the nucleus is called

A.atomic energy
B.binding energy
C.breaking energy
D.nuclear energy

Which of the following is not nuclear radiations.

A.alpha particle
B.beta particle
C.gamma particle
D.x.rays

Types of quark are

A.2
B.3
C.4
D.6

Which nuclear reaction is take place in sun

A.fission
B.fusion
C.chemical
D.mechanical

Beta particle in Wilson cloud chamber have path

A.zig zag
B.curved
C.circular
D.none

Which of the following radiations is more penetrating

A.alpha rays
B.beta rays
C.gama rays
D.none

Lecture # 08
The parity of odd-odd nuclei is …
None

The intrinsic parity of proton, neutron, neutrino, and is even.

Both a&b
None

The intrinsic parity of (pion) is …

Even
Odd
Even-Odd
Even-Even

The parity of a nucleus in a given state is related with the value of …

Principle quantum number
Total angular quantum number
Orbital quantum number
None

The interactions need not to conserve parity.

Strong
Weak
Both a&b
None

All nuclear states have a parity.

Indefinite
Definite
Indistinguishable
Both a&b

The parity of is
Even
Odd
Even-Even
Odd-Odd

The parity of is
Odd
Even
Even-Even
None

Iso-spin, also called

Isobaric spin
Isotopic spin
Isotonic spin
Both a&b

The component particles of atomic nuclei, the neutron and proton, from an
isospin is
Singlet
Doublet
Triplet
None

Parity for s-shell is

Even
Odd
Even-Odd
None

Parity for f-shell is

Even
Odd
Odd-Even
None

The locations of the excited states for each nucleus.

Same
Differ

Both a&b
None

The excited state is characterized by quantum numbers that describe its

parity, isospin and
Linear momentum
Angular momentum

Both a&b
None
 The nucleus, like the atom, has energy levels.
Continuous
Dis-continuous
Discrete
None

Lecture#9
Which model described the coherent behaviour of nucleons
1. Shell model
2. Collective model
3. Liquid drop model
4. Atomic model

Volume energy, surface energy and compressibility are parameters associated

with
1. Atom
2. Nucleus
3. Liquid drop
4. Nucleons

Ar38 z=18 if we provide energy which particle jump toward excited state
1. Neutron
2. Proton
3. Electron
4. None

If z is even the first excited state will be

1. 1+
2. 0+
3. 4+
4. 2+

If we break a pair of protons/neutrons amount of energy

1. Increase
2. Decrease
3. Remain same
4. Saved

If angular momentum joined to give parity 0+ then it is

1. Excitation
2. Pairing
3. Breaking up
4. Energy loss

Energy is minimum if neutrons are paring then parity is

1. +Ve
2. -Ve
3. Zero
4. Either +ve or -ve

For two particles we cannot distinguish whether its first or 2nd such particles are
1. Identical
2. Excited
3. Recoiled
4. None of these

If we have identical particles, number of states will

1. Increase
2. Multiplied
3. Decrease
4. None

If we break a pair and recombined it in same energy level we will get

1. Even levels
2. Odd levels
3. Both
4. Ground levels

Almost all even even nuclei and A<150 shows the first excited state at
1. 0+
2. 2+
3. 4+
4. 1-

Lecture No 10
1).Briet -Wigner formula was introduced in:
i. 1936
ii.1937
iii. 1938
iv.1939
2). A formula which relates the cross section of particular nuclear reaction with
energy of incident particle is called:
i. Breit_wigner formula
ii.Emperical formula
iii.Nulear formula
iv.None of these
3). For short range potential , what types of energy states exists by particle?
i. Quasi-bound
ii. Real states
iii. Exited states
iv.filled states
4). For long range potential , what type of states exists ?
i. No states
ii. Filled states
iii. Exited states
iv.vurtual states
5). At higher energy level , spacing among the energy level is :
i.large
ii. Small
iii. Fixed
iv.no space
Lecture 11

1.If the energy level of incident particle and target nucleus will overlap then it
is called
Breit-Wigner formula
Resonance
Compound Nucleus
2.With the increasing order of energy the spacing between level
Increases
decreases
becomes zero
3.The optical model deals in general way with…………when absorption is
involved
Scattering Process
Cohrent Process
Absorption process
4.In the case of absorption, energy…….
Increases
decreases
not change
5.The decreasing amplitude means the transmitted particle is …..
Released
Absorbed
scattered
6.The wavefunction using in optical model tells about the motion of projectile
towards
Nucleus
Nucleons
Electrons

Lec#12
In Brit-Wigner we treat the problem of nuclear reaction using:
a) Quantum mechanicsb) linear momentum

c) Acceleration d) None of these

When decay occur in compound nucleus the energy is concentrated in:

a) Single particleb) double particle

c)a& b both d) None of these

To do this requires the use of a complex potential in what is called :

a) Optical modelb) shell model

c) LDM model d) none of these

 Optical model use to deal in general way with scattering process when
…………… is involved?
a) Absorption b) compression

c) Scattering d) None of these

The distance over which the intensity is attenuated to 1/eth its initial value
is:
a) Mean free path b) mean free time

c) Evolution d) None of these

The time by which theintensity is attenuated to 1/eth its initial value is:
a) Mean free time b) time period

c) Dead time d) none of these

In brit-Wigner the shell model has a potential depth about:

a) ~40 b ~50

c) ~30 d) ~20
If the attenuation distance is the same order as the nuclear radius then:
W
W
W
W

To describe both diffraction and scattering phenomenon in optical model

we require an imaginary potential of a few:
Kev
MeV
GeV
None of these

At higher energies of excitation the width Γwill overlap several energy

levels and cross section vary slowly with energy is:
Continuum
Scattering
Transition
None of these

Briet Wigner formula relates the cross section ofnuclear reaction with:
E of incident particle
E of emitted particle
a and b both
None of these

If the energy of incident particle with any state ofnucleus then process is
called:

Atomic resonance
Nuclear resonance
Resonance
Both a and c

For low excitation of a nucleus the energy levels are relatively well spaced
& Cross section exhibits:
Resonance
Continuum
 Both a & b
Scattering

Lec#13
1-Higher energy states are
i) Well defined ii) overlapping iii) well separated
2-Accelerated protons hit a heavy target causing emission of neutrons. This neutron
Source is:
i) Nuclear Reactor ii) Fusion iii) Spallation
3- The ratio between Bohr radii is
i) 1: 2: 3 ii) 2: 4: 6 iii) 1: 4: 9
4- The first model of atom in 1898 was proposed by
i) Ernst Rutherford ii) Albert Einstein iii) J.J. Thomson
5- As a result of the process of electron capture ("K-capture") by 211At, the new isotope formed
is:
i) 211Po ii) 212At ii) 210At
6-When a nucleus is divided into its constituents, energy is:
i) created from nothing ii) destroyed into nothing iii) absorbed by the nucleus which then
breaks it apart.
7- What force is responsible for the radioactive decay of the nucleus?
i) Gravitational force ii) Weak Nuclear force iii) Strong Nuclear force
8- A beta^- particle is also known as
i) an electron ii) a positron iii) a helium nucleus.
9- Which type of radiation is the least penetrating?
i) Alpha ii) beta iii) gamma
10- What happens to the half-life of a radioactive substance as it decays?
i) It remains constant ii) It increases iii) It decreases.

Lec#14
1
Mass of electron is
a) 1.6x10^-19 b) 939.5Mev c) 9.11x10^-31kg
2
Value of planks constant h=
a) 6.67x10^-34j b) 6.64x10^-34 j c) 6.63x10^-36j
3
In v+iw ,w show the
a) Real part b) non real c) A digit d) imaginery part
4
To find nuclear radius we use formula
a) r=A.A^1/3 b) r= R. A^2/3 c) r= RA^2/4
5
For 85 ev energy wavelength = hc/E
a) 31x10 ^ - 12m b) 3.2 x10 ^ - 10 m c) 3.2 x10 ^ -9 m
6 Neutrons are produced in nuclear
a) Emission b) fussion c) a,b both d) none

Lecture no #16
1) The mass of neutron is slightly greater than a ……………………..
Proton
2) Neutron is a combination of ……………… quarks.
Three
3) How many types of quarks …………………….
Six
4) How many types of isotopes of carbon………………….
Three
5) Which force combine together the proton and neutron within the
nucleus………………….
Stong Nuclear force
6) Is neutron can be used as projectile for transmutation …………………….
Yes
7) Neutron are essential for stability of nucleus except …………………atom
Single proton hydrogen atom
8) Is neutron are essential to produce the Nuclear chain reaction…………………….
Yes
9) The combination of a neutron is made by one …………. And two ……………….
Quarks.
Up, Down

Lec#18
21H + 31 H 🡪 42He + _______ + 17.6 Mev
• Electron
• Proton
• Neutron
• None
Does Neutron have any direct detection?
• Yes
• No
• Maybe both
• None of the above
.After passing through the accelerator, the energy of the of the particle
• Increases
• Decreases
• Remains same
• None
In small neutron sources, neutron are produced in fusion of
• Proton and electron
• Alpha and beta
• Deuterium and tritium
• None
Neutron generator is_________________ source of neutrons
• Continuous
• Discrete
• Both
• None
A (n) _______ has a positive charge and mass.
• Neutron
• Electron
• Proton
• Isotope
• Nucleus

The center portion of an atom is called

A(n) .
• Electron
• bond
• nucleus
• . orbital
• neutron

Each element is defined by the number of

• Atoms
• Isotopes

• Neutrons
• Protons
• Nuclei.

Lec#19
1.Anything or device that emits neutrons is called
Neutron source
Emission
Absorption
2. Why we need neutron sources
To start reaction
To start fission
To start fusion
3. Neutron source can be categorized by number of factors
3
4
5
4.Which neutron source have more importance
Large Neutron source
Medium neutron source
Small neutron source
5. How much energy release ,U-235 undergo fission with thermal neutrons per
fission
150MeV
170MeV
180MeV
6.In which reaction two or more nuclei collide at very high energy and fuse
together and release free neutrons
Nuclear reaction
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fission
7.Which type of nuclei can sustain a fission chain reaction
U-235
U-233
Pluotinium-239
All the Above

LECTURE-20
1. Which of the following does not require a neutron to start or take place:
Fission

Fusion

Radioactive Decay

None

2. Accelerated protons hit a heavy target causing emission of neutrons.This

neutron source is:
Nuclear Reactor

Fusion

Spallation

Neutron Generator

3. Spallation sources are ________ neutron sources:

Low flux

High flux

Instant
 Cheap

4. Reaction in spallation neutron source occur at threshold of incident particles

i.e.:
5-15 KeV

50-100 MeV

5-15 MeV

Aove 100MeV

5. Neutrons are produced in short pulses in _______neutron source:

Photofission

Neutron Generator

Spallation

Nuclear Reactor

6. Particles which strike the target are accelerated by __________ in spallation.

Cyclotron

Synchrotron

Betatron

LINAC

7. In Spallation neutron source,a source of _______ is produces in short pulses.

1020 neutrons per second

1017 neutrons per second

105 neutrons per second

1013 neutrons per second

8. In Spallation neutron source,bombarded particles are______in size than size of

target:
Less
 Greater

Equal

None

Lecture#21
Neutrons can also be produced in particle accelerators by using targets H,
Liand other ------------ Materials.
High Z- materials
Low Z- Materials
High A- materials
Low A- Materials
1 H2+1H3à2He4+n+---------?
14.1 Mev
14.1 ev
17.6 Mev
17.6 ev
Neutron generator is a continuous source of neutrons which produced?
~1013 Neutron/Seconds
1014 Neutrons/Seconds
~1011 Neutrons/ seconds
10-11Neutrons/seconds
2 He4+Be9à-------+n+5.7Mev?

6 c12
5 B11
5 C11
6C11
The Bombardment of beryllium by α particles to produce neutron by-------?
Endothermic reaction
Exothermic reaction
Both a & b
None of these
Radioisotope source (α, n) is the --------- source of neutron?
Strong
Weak
Medium
Both a & c

124
Sbà124Te+----+γ?
Β+
Β-
α+
α-
γ + 9Beà8 Be + n---------?(endothermic)
+1.66Mev
-1.66Mev
+2.56Mev
-2.56Mev
Large neutron source is------?
Fusion
 Photonuclear
fission
Radioisotope(α,n)
Most expensive neutron source is-----?
Fission
Photonuclear
Radioisotope(α,n)
Fusion generator
LEC#22
If any particle have no charge then it called ?
a)-ve b)+ve c) chargeless d) none
those particles that has no charge then their detection will be ?
a)possible b) impossible c)both a and b d ) none

when neutron place in any magnetic and electric field why it move in straight path
a) Due tu charge b) no charge c) same charge d) +ve charges

Electron mass have -----than proton

a)Greater b) middle c) small d) all of these

Neutron have mass bt no -----------------

a)attraction b) charge c) repulsion d ) both a and c

why the detection of neutron is impossible

a)Mass b) nucleus c) charge d) none

What is important for the ionization

a)charge b) mass b) both a and b d) none

what is meant by detector

a)Any chamber b) magnetic field c electric field d)none

The supply of 3He is

a)Excessive b)limited c) middle d) none

What is the purpose of Quench gas

Control ionization b) control potential c) control kinetic energy d) none

Which is best example of nuclear detector ?

a)Bb gass b)kinetic energy c)BF3 gass d)all of above

which is the type of detector

a)hydrogen detector b) nuclear detection c)Gass Filled Detector d)none

gass filled detector consists between two

a)Electrode b) proton c)both a and b c) none

Best examples of gass filled detector ?

a)Ionization chamber , proportional counter b)protom detector c) both a and b

d)none
Llec#23
When an ionising particle passes through the ecintillator material, atoms are
1. Ionized
2. Scattered
3. Neutralised
(1)
Their energy is converted into energetic electrons via either in photoelectric
effect, Compton effect or pair production
1. For Alpha rays
2. Beta rays
3. Gamma rays
(3)
The chemistry of atomic de-excitation in the scintillator produces a multitude of _
proton
1. Low energy
2. High energy
3. Zero energy
(1)
The number of such pulses in a unit time gives the information of radiation about
1. Energy
2. Intensity
3. Speed
(2)
Pure crystal silicon or other materials to which small amount of impurities atoms
so they act as
1. Dielectric
2. Diode
3. Electrode
(2)
Semiconductor detectors detects
1. Charged particles
2. Neutral particles
3. Low energy particles
(1)
The basic types of semiconductor neutrons detector
1. Two
2. Three
3. Four
(1)
Which particle absorb in the reactive film and spontaneously emitts energetic
reaction produces
1. Electron
2. Proton
3. Neutron
(3)

Lec#24

1-In scintillation counter ,for gamma rays energy converted by following

process….
a)compton effect b)photoelectric effect c)pair production d) all of these

2-the electron multiplication accourat..

a)cathode b)anode c)dynode d)none of these
3- Scintillation counter is actally a…
a)electron detector b) neutron detector c) beam producer d)all of these
4-The number of pulse per unit time tells us …. Of radiation.
A)energy b)frequency c)intensity d)none of these
5-silicon diode based detector work for detet…
a) incident particle b)target particle c)generated particle d)none of these
6-basic types of silicon diode based detector…
a)1 b)3 c)2 d)4
7-when radiation falls on scintillator material then it produce…
a)electron b)neutron c)light d) both a and b
8-when light fall on photocathode then electrons are emitted due to…
a)comption effect b)photoelectric effect c) pair production d) all of these
9-pulse discriminator give us wave in the form of ….
a)sin wave b) square wave c) zig zag manner d) both a and b
10-the photon emitted from scintillator are also called
a)incident photon b)luminous photon c)both a and b d)photophotone

LECTURE 25
The energy of scattered neutron depend upon
Energy of incident neutron
Medium of collision
The scattering angle
None of above
Efficiency of gas detectors works upon
Fast moving electron
Thermal electron
Thermal proton
Thermal neutron
Neutron moderator do

Speed up the neutron

Slow down neutron
Provide energy to neutron
Deflect neutron
Nuclear chain reaction is being carried out by
Fast moving neutron
Energetic neutron
Thermal neutron
All of them
Most commonly used moderator in nuclear reactor is
 Heavy water
Liquid sodium
Light water
None of them
Lecture26
1.Inliquidscintillationcounter,whichofthefollowingisafluorescentsubstance?
a)Solvent b)Solute c)Crystal d)Reagent
2.WhenUVlightisabsorbedbythefluormoleculesthelightemittedisinwhichofthefollo
wing colours?
a)Pink b)Red c)Green d)Blue
3.Inliquidscintillationcounter,whichofthefollowingisusedtoconvertlightintoelectric
al signals?
a)Photomultipliertube b)Photoemissivetube c)Photovoltaiccell d)Photoreflector
4.Thereductionincountingefficiencyofthescintillationdetectoriscalledas_________
_
a)Disintegration b)Decay c)Quenching d)Reduction
5.Whichofthefollowingisnotatypeofquenching?
a)Chemicalquench b)Interferencequench c)Colourquenching d)Self-absorption
6.Inwhichtypeofquenching,theradiationemittedbytheisotopeisnotdetecteddueto
absorptionoftheradiationbythesampleitself?
a)Chemicalquench b)Interferencequench c)Colourquenching d)Self-absorption
7.Variationofgainwithtemperaturedoesnotcauseinstability. a)True b)False
8.Duetothepresenceofred,greenandyellowcolourinthevial,whichofthefollowingocc
urs?
a)Chemicalquench b)Interferencequench c)Colourquenching d)Self-absorption
9.Aquenchcurvecanbeconstructedbyplottingthecountingefficiencyversus________
____
a)Q-number b)Quenchfactor c)H-number d)Disintegrationsr
10.PhotomultipliersusedinLiquidscintillationdetectorsareasourceofinstability.
a)True b)False
Lecture #27
1: When a particle incident in a scintillator……….is produced
a) photon b) electron
c) proton d) all
2: In scintillator photo cathode uses the principle of
a ) photo electric effect b) Compton scattering
 c) pair production d) All of these
3: Dynodes in scintillators are used for multiplication of
a) proton b) neutron
c) electron d) photon
4: When gamma rays are incidents on scintillators the energy is converted in to
energetic electron through process
a ) photo electric effect b) Compton scattering
c) pair production d) All of these
5: The number of pulses obtained from scintillator per unit time give
a) Intensity of radiation b) Intensity of electron
c) Intensity of photon d) All of these
6: Silicon diode based detector detects ……………….. in neutron induced
nuclear reactions
a) Neutron b) charged particles
c) protons d) Both a & b
7:when a neutron react with neutron reactive material ( silicon diode based
detectors ) it emits
a) Electron b) Photon
c) proton d) none of these
8: The thickness of the neutron reactive material in silicon diode based detectors
is
a) ≥ 2mm b) ≥ 4 mm
c) ≥ 6mm d) None of these
9: : The thickness of the air gap between neutron reactive material and dead layer
of SIO2 silicon diode based detectors
a ) -2mm b) -4mm
c) 2mm d) 4mm
10: The thickness of the dead layer of SIO2 silicon diode based detectors
a) 8µm b) -6 µm
c) -4 µm d) -2 µm

Lec#30
“Recoiling energy is denoted by:
E0
Er
ER
None of these
The momentum “P” is equal to:
Mv
mv

B & c both
“M’’ represents in the Elastic Scattering Equation
Mass number
Number of Mole
Both
None of these
The best neutron absorber element is
Carbon
Hydrogen
Deuterium
All
Hydrogen element scatter the neutron at angle of
180
90
45
None
The momentum conservation is “zero” is -------- direction:
X-direction
Y-direction
Z-direction
All
Lec#34
In stars, process of fusion which fuse
1. H to He
2. N to He
3. He to H
4. N to C

How many sequence of stages in CNO cycle?

1. 4
2. 5
3. 6
4. 2

At the first stage, Carbon capture proton and emitt

1. Gamma+N-13
2. Gamma+O-15
3. Beta rays
4. Gamma+N-12

Captured proton is actually an atom of

1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon
4. Hydrogen

The CNO process occurs if the star mass M

1. M<1.5M
2. 1.5M=M
3. M>1.5M
4. None
(3)
At which temperature CNO occurr
1. 22 Thousands K
2. 17 Millions K
3. 9000 K
4. None
(2)
Which element act as catalyst in the CNO cycle
1. Carbon
2. Nitrogen
3. Oxygen
4. Helium

This fussion process occurs in stars and sun having density

1. 300 gm cm-²
2. 125 gm cm-²
3. 125 gm cm-⁵
4. 125 gm cm-³

An alternative process of converting H into He is

1. Proton_proton chain
2. Neutron_proton chain
3. Neutron_neutron chain
4. 1& 3
Lecture #35
1
H->?+(2e+y+v)
a) Ne b) He c) B d) r
2
The mass of hydregen atom is
a) 1.0072 b)1.092 c) 2.0 d) 2.5
3
The rate at which mass is destroyed is related to rate at which
a)energy is produced b) energy is destroyed c) a,b d) none
4
∆m/t=?
a) p/c^2 b) p/c c) p/mc d) p
5
Nucleus is used to produce
a) helium b) nitrogen c) oxygen d) carbon