CEMENT – Wellbore Cementing Model
accurately models cement placement by addressing
U-tubing phenomena, dynamic injection pressures,
equivalent circulating densities (ECD's) and
formation breakdown pressures.
Advanced engineering features and animated flow
visualization allow engineers to optimize and design
cementing jobs prior to actual field operations.
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CEMENT
CEMENT has a logical program design and user-friendly
interface. The first input page (Project) includes basic project
information/documentation. Both forward and reverse circulation Slide
can be modeled. 2 of 21
CEMENT
The Survey page plots the plan and section views, as well as wellbore
inclination and doglegs. Survey data describing the wellpath may be
entered manually, imported, or copied from a spreadsheet. Slide
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CEMENT
Casing/liner sizes through which the cement is pumped are entered on
the Tubulars page.
Slide
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CEMENT
All Maurer Technology programs include an extensive database of
tubulars that may be edited/customized. This feature avoids the need
to look up the casing's size, weight, ID, etc. each time. Slide
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Wellbore geometry is entered on the Wellbore page. Excess cement
can be modeled by increasing the wellbore ID. User-specified “Points
of Interest" can be selected—depths for which more detailed analyses Slide
will be performed. 6 of 21
CEMENT
The Section Volume Calculation utility quickly calculates annulus
(green) and tubing (blue) volumes. This is done very simply by clicking
on the upper and lower boundaries of the range of interest, or by Slide
directly typing depths of these boundaries. 7 of 21
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Of major concern during cementing are the dangers of fracturing
the formation or of taking a kick. On the Formation page, each
formation's pore and fracture pressure are entered (as either actual Slide
pressures or as pressure gradients). 8 of 21
CEMENT
On the Fluids page, each cementing stage is described (lead cement,
spacers, tail cement, etc.) with its own specific rheological properties,
pump rates and schedules. Slide
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CEMENT can estimate the rheological parameters from rotational
viscometer readings. If the best rheological model (Bingham plastic,
power-law, Herschel-Bulkley) is not known, the program Slide
recommends the best fit to the data. 10 of 21
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In addition, CEMENT can also estimate suggested operating ranges
for plastic viscosity and yield point. These may be automatically
exported to the Fluids page. Slide
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Free-fall, the U-tubing effect commonly associated with cementing,
can be regulated (or prevented) by applying appropriate choke
pressures on schedule. Here, choke pressures are calculated to Slide
avoid free-fall as the job progresses. 12 of 21
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A complete Online Help System is available. Click [F1] or the help
icon for context-sensitive assistance with program operation,
structure, and theoretical background. Slide
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After input data are entered, you can immediately view the results.
Several of these output graphs are shown on the following slides. Note
that the graph output can be either versus time (shown here) or Slide
volume pumped. 14 of 21
free fall
CEMENT
One output graph shows flow rate over time. The blue line is flow rate
in; the red line is flow rate out. Note the discrepancy between the two
rates during part of the operation. This is caused by free-fall. Slide
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The length of the free-fall column versus elapsed time is shown
here. Note: this graph can also be displayed based on pumped
volume (instead of time). Slide
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In this pressure/time graph are shown formation fracture pressure,
bottom-hole pressure (red), formation pore pressure (brown), and
pump pressure (blue). Note that when free-fall occurs, the pump Slide
pressure is reduced to zero. 17 of 21
CEMENT
Similarly, the program calculates equivalent circulating density (ECD)
versus time at the preselected depth of interest. This graph can also be
shown with volume instead of time. Slide
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The Flow Animation window is a powerful tool for quickly checking
several aspects of job design. The planned operation is simulated at a
speed anywhere between actual time to 2000 times faster. Slide
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Units for input and output displays are easy to select and customize.
Choose between the default metric or English systems, or a custom
combination of units (for example, depth in meters, hole size in inches). Slide
Custom systems are saved and automatically recalled in future sessions. 20 of 21
Thanks for your interest in CEMENT
For more information on Maurer Software by Petris,
email:
sales@petris.com
or visit us on the web at
www.petris.com
Slide
MAURER SOFTWARE is a mark of Maurer Technology Inc., used under license. 21 of 21
