CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Learning is basic human activity which goes along their life.
People can know everything about knowledge by learning. Learning is
a process of acquiring or getting knowledge of a subject or a skill by
study, experience, or instruction. Specifically, Kimble and Garmezy
explain that learning is relatively permanent change in a behavioural
tendency and is the result of reinforced practice. 1
Education is the interaction process between teacher and
students to achieve a set of educational purposes. Educator, student
and educational purposes are the main component of education. 2
In formal situation like school, teacher plays an important role
in teaching and learning process. Teacher teaches and guides students
during the class. But teaching is not merely delivering knowledge
from teacher to students. Teaching is also concerning on character
building. Teacher should have skills, knowledge and basic moral
which reflected in their action and thinking habit. 3 Even the standard

1
Brown, Douglas, Principles of Language Learning and Teaching,
(San Francisco: Longman, 2000) p.7
2
Sukadinata, Nana Syaodih, Pengembangan Kurikulum Teori dan
Praktik, (Bandung: Rosdakarya, 1997), p.191.
3
Majid, Abdul, Perencanaan Pembelajaran, (Remaja Rosdakarya:
Bandung, 2011), p.6.

1
of teacher competence is made by human, Allah stated in Holy Qur’an
Surah ar-Rahman verse 1-4:

4
          

The Gracious One has taught the Quran. He has created man
and taught him the art of speech and exposition. 5

Almaraghi clearly explains that the word ar-Rahman shows the

educator characteristic should be lover, mercy, mansuetede and have a
good attitude to everyone. Teacher should treat every student nicely
and fairly. In addition, teacher should have pedagogical competence, a
successful teacher is when students developing their knowledge to
another.6
Teacher as a job, it means a position which needs special skills
in teaching and cannot be done by someone outside the educational
field. Even now not all teachers come from educational field, but still
they should know and understand the principle of teaching and then
apply it in the classroom to do their job professionally. In Javanese
language, teacher means guru which stands from words digugu lan
ditiru. It means that teacher should be a model figure for their

4
Departemen Agama Republik Indonesia, Al-Qur’an dan
Terjemahnja. (Djakarta: JAMNU, 1969), p.885.
5
Khan, M.Zafrullah, “Koran English”, (London: Great Britain, 1981),
p.537
6
Al Maraghi, Ahmad Mustofa, Tafsir Al-Maraghi, (Semarang: Toha
Putra, 1989), p.187.

2
students. As an educator, teacher not merely related with students and
school. Teacher also has to deal with parents, fellow teacher and
school staffs. That is why teacher should be a good model for their
students.
But in fact, not all teachers have enough competence. A
surprising data was found in one of national website news. The news
shows us a data that most of the teachers are lack of competences.
From 1.6 million teachers who follow UKG (Teacher Competence
Test), only 200 thousand teachers got more than 60, 130 thousand
teachers got 0-30 and the rest got the score under 50 out of the total
100.7 This, of course leads a big worrying towards the parents. They
will think that teacher only teaches as a duty, giving material, taking
some test and assessing without checking student’s understanding. In
some cases, teacher even becomes a monster for their children. They
are often angry if students make any mistakes and they did not allow
their students to deliver their opinion.
Anies Baswedan as the Minister of Indonesian Education and
Culture stated in one of famous national website news that the
condition of national education is currently is in an emergent
condition. His statement is based on some facts that 1) 75 percent of
school does not meet the education minimum standard; 2) the average
value of teacher competence is only 44.5 whereas the value of teacher

7
Khairul, Isson, http://www.kompasiana.com/issonkhairul/
kompetensi-guru-mari-kita-belajar-bersama-agar-guru-hebat-dan-murid-
pintar_559c60f7169373a905ef062a accessed on Friday, October 2nd, 2015 at
07.10 am.

3
competency standard is 75; 3) Indonesia was ranked 40 out of 40
countries at the mapping of education quality according to The
Learning Curve institution.8
Realizing the lacking of teacher competence, the government
makes a rule about teacher competence which should be owned by
teacher. According to the law of teacher and lecturer number 14/2005
verse 8, cited that teacher should have four competences, that is
pedagogical, personal, social and professional competence. 9 The
pedagogical competence is a teacher ability to manage students
learning which includes lesson plan, learning evaluation and student’s
potency actualization. The personal competence includes
demonstrating certain characteristics such as faith, wise, stable and
mature. The social competence is teacher’s ability is to build up
interactional skill with students, fellow teachers, school staffs and
student’s parents. The professional competence is teacher ability to
mastery their subject matter.
Teacher competences may be enhanced through several ways,
such as clasroom teacher education, in house training, mass media,
movie and many other ways. In this research, the researcher seek to
analyze the teacher competences in the movie. Movie is a medium of
communciation which shows us both audio and visual effect, so

8
Gabrillin, Abba, http://edukasi.kompas.com/read/2014/12/01/
13455441/anies.baswedan.sebut.pendidikan.indonesia.gawat.darurat accessed
on Friday, December 25nd, 2015 at 06.28 am.
9
Redaksi Sinar Grafika, Undang-Undang Guru dan Dosen, (Redaksi
Sinar Grafika: Jakarta, 2012), p.9.

4
people will easily accept the information and message from the movie.
One of movie which contains teacher competence entitled The Ron
Clark Story. The Ron Clark Story (RCS) is a movie which tells us the
struggling of a teacher in increasing students studying awareness. The
class taught by Ron Clark is an unwanted class where all the naughty
kids are there.
The researcher will analyze the teacher competences in the
movie which represent by Ron Clark using semiotic approach.
Semiotic is the study of the interpretation in all cultural aspects of
human being life. It is etymologically derived from the Greek word
“semeien” which means sign.10 Other definition of semiotic is the
study of social production of meaning from sign systems.11 The
discipline can help researcher in interpreting the linguistic symbol in
movie. The researcher uses Roland Barthes semiotic theory because
the theory is suitable with this research. This semiotic gave depth
interpretation of the film. Barthes theory dig a sign’s meaning
according to denotation and connotation. Denotation is the real
meaning of a sign whereas connotation has a hidden meaning behind
the appear sign.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested in
analyzing the teacher competences which stated in the law of teacher

10
Sobur, Alex, Analisis Teks Media: Suatu Pengantar untuk Analisis
Wacana, Analisis Semiotik, dan Analisis Farming, (Bandung: Rosdakarya,
2002), p. 95
11
O’Sullivan, Tim, et.all., Key Concepts in Communication and
Cultural Studies (Kindle version), (USA: Taylor and Francis Group, 2006), p.
281.

5
and lecturer number 14/2005 from the character presented by Ron
Clark. The researcher hopes that this research will give contribution
especially for the students of Education and Teacher Training faculty.

B. Resarch Question
1. What are the teacher competences presented in The Ron Clark
Story viewed from semiotics point of view?
2. What are the negative aspects in the Ron Clark Story Viewed
From Semiotics Point of View?

C. Objective And Significance of The Research

Based on the problem statement, the objective of the research is
to analyze the teacher competences, that is pedagogic, personal, social
and professional competences which presented in The Ron Clark
Story viewed from semiotics point of view.
The significance of the research is that it addresses as follow:
1. Theoretically:
a. The result of this research giving larger knowledge about a
real action of teacher competences for the writers, readers,
teacher, teacher and training students through film.
b. The result of this research offering insights for improving an
understanding language especially in the study of interpreting
text.

6
2. Practically
a. The result of the research can be used as suggestion for
teachers, lecturers and students of Education and Teacher
Training faculty to give an example about ideal teacher or
lecturer through film.
b. The result of this research can be used as additional reference
for other researcher which held some related research about
film and teacher competences.
c. This research can be used by lecturer as the media in giving
example of good teacher towards teacher training students.

D. Review of the Previous Researches

This research is not the first research. The researcher found
some researches related to this research. Then, the researcher chooses
some literatures as references and comparisons of the research
authenticity.

There is a research written by Bayu faridatul fitriyah (2015),

entitled “Nilai-nilai Kepribadian Guru Dalam Film The Great Teacher
Onizuka Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam”.12 The objective of the
research is to analyze the educational values in the film and to explain
relation of the educational values in The Great Teacher Onizuka film
towards Islamic educational teacher. The result of the research shows

12
Fitriyah, Bayu Fadhilatul, “Nilai-Nilai Kepribadian Guru Dalam
Film Great Teacher Onizuka Perspektif Pendidikan Agama Islam”, Thesis
(Yogyakarta: UIN Sunan Kalijaga, 2015).

7
that the film contains of eight educational values such as 1) Reliable
2) Wise 3) Care 4) Honest 5) Emotional controlling 6) forgiven 7)
Responsible and 8) sympathy. Another result shows that all the
educational values include in the rules of national education ministry
number 16/2010.

The similarityof the research and the writer’s research is the

used of movie as the object of research. Then the difference is the
research only focus on one competence, that is personal competence.
Then this study focuses on all teacher’s competence those are social,
personal, professional and pedagogic competences.

Another research is done by Hani Taqiyya (2011), “Analisis

Semiotik Terhadap Film In The Name of God”.13 The study shows us
about the sensitive issue of Islam in Pakistan. The researcher intends
to find out the meaning of denotation, connotation and myth which
represent the concept of jihad in the film. The result shows that the
representation of jihad concept showed in the film are warfare, jihad
in studying and jihad as self-defense towards injustice action. The
researcher use semiotic approach to evaluate the movie.

The similarity is both of the researcher use semiotic theory of

Roland Barthes and the differences are clear up that the research
above is In The Name of God movie whereas this study is The Ron
Clark Story (RCS) film.

13
Taqiyya, Hani, “Analisis SemiotikTerhadap Film In The Name of
God”, Thesis (Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, 2011).

8
 The last previous research is “Rasisme Dalam Film Fitna”
which done by Shinta Anggraini Budi Widianingrum (2012).14 The
aim of the research is to analyze the symbol used to represent the
racism and to find out the moral value of the film. The result indicated
that Fitna represented the attitude, habits and the act which were
closely related with racism. The racism act and attitude construction
were seen in every selected scene or the writings from the thought
presented by the producers of the film, Geert Wildeers. The racism
included stereotypes, prejudices, discrimination, ethnocentrism and
anti-semitism.

The similarity between her thesis and this research is the use of
semiotic approach to analyze the film, whereas the difference is her
research focused on finding moral value of the film and this research
focused on finding the teacher competences.

E. Research method
1. Research Design
The research includes in descriptive qualitative study.
According to Strauss and Corbin, qualitative research is any type
of research that produce finding which are not arrived by
statistical procedures or other means of qualification. It can refer
to research about person’s live, live experiences, behaviors, social

14
Widianingrum, Shinta Anggraini Budi, “Rasisme Dalam Film Fitna
(Analisis Semiotika Rasisme di Dalam Film Fitna)”, Thesis (Yogyakarta:
Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran”, 2012).

9
 movements or cultural phenomena. 15 Qualitative research aims to
understood a phenomenon in the natural social context by
prioritizing depth communication process between researchers
and the phenomenon under study. 16
Qualitative research produces descriptive data in the form
of written or spoken data from people’s behavior. Qualitative
data are in the form of text, written words, phrases of symbol
describing or representing people, actions, and events in social
life.17
Qualitative research is a method to capture and give a brief
image about certain phenomenon, a method to explore
phenomenon, and a method to give significant explanation about
the phenomenon under study. The meaning of a phenomenon is
not directly seen, but it lies under or hidden. Every single of
people will have different sight and interpretation when even they
faced same situation
2. Source of Data
a. Primary Data Source
The source of data in this research was The Ron Clark Story
film which was downloaded from www.youtube.com.

15
Anslem, C. Strauss and Juliet Corbin, Basic of Qualitative Research,
(United States: Sage Publication, 1997), p.11.
16
Hendriansyah, Haris, Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, (Jakarta:
SalembaHumanika, 2010), p.18.
17
Lawrence Neuman and Larry W. Kreuger. Social Work Research
Methods. (USA: Pearson Education, 2003), p.433.

10
 b. Secondary Data Source
The secondary data source was taken from many literary
books and some relevant material taken from internet and
online journals which support and complete the research
3. Focus of the Research
In this research, the researcher only focused on the teacher
competences that presented by Ron Clark as the main character in
this film. Those are pedagogical, personal, social and professional
competences.
4. Data Collection Technique
Collecting data is an important step in research. According
to Lexy J. Moloeng in qualitative research method, the content of
the data will describe the research. The form of data could be in
the form of interview script, field notes, picture, video tapes,
personal documents, note, memo and other official
18
documentation.
In this research, the data taken from script of SRC and
some pictures of movie to identify the semiotic and find out the
teacher competences which shown by Ron Clark as the teacher.
The strength of picture data is their richness in context and the
amount of specific information they transport.19

18
Moleong, Lexy J, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Edisi Revisi,
(Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2007), p.11.
19
Flick, Uwe, Designing Qualitative Research, (London: Sage
Publication, 2007), p.96

11
 In this research, researcher has collected the data through
watching the film and identifying the script. After that the
researcher captured some scenes of the film to generate image
data which suitable with the script.
5. Data Analysis Technique
In this research, the researcher using Roland Barthes
semiotic analysis to interpret the teacher competences presented
through the character of Ron Clark.
The researcher draws some steps to analyze the data as
follows:
a. Watching and capturing scenes.
b. Categorizing data into visual and audio data.

Visual Data Audio Data

Table 1.1: Data Categorization

c. Analyzing the teacher competences using Barthes
theory.
d. Giving conclusion.

12
F. Paper Outline
The researcher divides this paper organization consist of five
chapters. They are:
Chapter one is introduction, containing background of the
research, research questions, objective and significance of the
research, review of the previous research, research method and
paper outline.
Chapter two present the teacher competences in The Ron
Clark Story viewed from semiotic point of view.
Chapter three present thee general description of The Ron
Clark Story Film.
Chapter four is the analysis of teacher competences in The
Ron Clark Story Film.
Chapter five is the closure. It presents conclusion and
recommendation. The last part is bibliography and appendix.

13