Biology & Human Welfare
Vaccination & Integrated
disease Management
Vaccination & Integrated
disease Management
• Important contribution of biology for the
welfare of mankind is Human Disease
Control.
• Many methods are being used to control
diseases.
Integrated Disease Management
• Effective control of a particular disastrous disease or all the
common diseases of a population can be achieved by using all
relevant, appropriate methods of disease control. Such an
approach of disease control is known as integrated disease
management.
• Procedure
• Aware of community by severity of problem, its causes and
remedies.
• Public awareness can be assured by
1. Print and electronic media
2. By arranging seminars in schools and colleges.
3. By person to person communication.
Objective
• to stop the further spread of disease.
• To prevent its new onset.
This program is very useful for elimination and control of dangerous
diseases from human society.
Vaccination & its importance
• Vaccination is the administration of vaccine to stimulate the immune system of
an individual to develop artificially induced active immunity against an infectious
disease.
• Vaccine may be intact but inactivated(non-infective) or attenuated (with reduced
infectivity) form of causative pathogen, or purified component of pathogen that is
highly immunogenic.
1. When body is exposed to vaccine, it trigger to produce antibodies.
2. As the injected agents are weak or dead, the body does not suffer disease but
immune response is initiated.
3. Now the body ready to fight against actual pathogen that attack later in life.
4. It is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases e.g. polio, measles,
mumps and tetanus
Role of Vaccines in preventing Diseases.
• Vaccine against Polio.
• Infectious disease caused by virus that lives in throat and intestinal
tract.
• There are two types of vaccines that protect against polio.
1. Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
2. Oral polio vaccine (OPV)
IPV is a shot given in leg or arm, depending on age.
It is given to children upto the age of 5 years in the form of drops
orally.
Vaccination against Measles
• Viral infection mostly occur in late winter and spring.
• Due to vaccine number of measles cases drop by 99%.
• Vaccine is MMR.
• MMR is live, attenuated, combination vaccine that protects against measles,
mumps and rubella viruses.
Vaccination against Hepatitis
• Hepatitis is inflammation of liver. It is viral infection.
• Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C are most common
• Vaccines are available for Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B
• No vaccines for Hepatitis C.
• Hepatitis A vaccine is made from inactivated whole virus of Hepatitis A.
• Hepatitis B vaccine is a recombinant DNA vaccine.
Vaccination against Tetanus (Lockjaw)
• Causes painful tightening of muscles.
• It is caused by Closteridium tetani.
• It lead to locking of jaws so victim cannot open his mouth or swallow.
• DT (diphtheria tetanus) vaccine is used for children and adolescents.
• Td is given to the adults.
Schedule of vaccination of common infectious
diseases.
• Schedule is designed to protect infant and children early in life.
Animal Husbandry
• It deals with the care of livestock like cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats,
chickens, and horses.
• Care include feeding and watering them daily ad keeping their space
clean and calving.
• Calving:
• Breading and birthing the animal, for example, helping deliver a baby
calf is called calving.
• Preparing livestock for sale or slaughter.
• Medicating sick animals,
• Monitoring general health of animal,
• Herding and branding (upto the mark)
Role of livestock in national economy
• It play important role in economy of country.
• Live Stock products are
Milk and milk products.
Meat and meat products.
Poultry and drug for fuel.
Eggs, wool, leather goods.
Sheep wool
Dung excreted by cattle used for cooking and fertilizers.
Importance of livestock sector for
Pakistan
• Contribution of livestock is in billions.
• 11% of Pakistan GDP (Gross domestic product)
• Employs about 17% of workforce.
• GDP
• (the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country
during one year).
