Instructional

Material in World
History (Ancient
to Medieval)
SY 2019-2020
A comprehensive compilation of documents and resources in world
history. This covers the period of prehistorical events to the
flourishing and demise of Medieval era in Europe.

Isabela State University (College of Education)

San Fabian Echague Isabela
Instructor: Dave Tayron D. Paggao
 Table of Contents

Contents
Ch a p t e r O n e : p r e h i s t O r y 1
1.1 Chronology 1
1.2 Introduction 1
1.3 Questions to Guide your Reading 3
1.4 Key Terms 3
1.5 Human Beginnings in Africa 3
1.6 Agriculture and the “Neolithic Revolution” 12
1.7 Summary 18
1.8 Works Consulted and Further Reading 19
1.9 Links to Primary Sources 2 0
C h a p t e r tw O : e a r ly Mi d d l e e a s t e r n a n d n O r t h e a s t
af r i C a n C i v i l i z a t i O n s 21
2.1 Chronology 21
2.2 Introduction 2 2
2.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 2 3
2.4 Key Terms 24
2.5 Ancient Mesopotamia 2 5
2.6 Sumerian City-States 26
2.7 Mesopotamian Empires 31
2.8 The Significance of Mesopotamia for World History 37
2.9 The Israelites and Ancient Israel 3 8
2.10 Early Israelites 3 9
2.11 The United Kingdom of Israel 4 0
2.12 The Impor tance of the Israelites and Ancient Israel 41
2.13 Ancient Egypt 42
2.14 Dynastic Egypt 45
2.15 Nubia: the Kingdoms of Kerma and Kush 5 3
2.16 Summary 5 7
2.17 Works Consulted and Fur ther Reading 5 8
2.18 Links to Primary Sources 6 0
C h a p t e r th r e e : a n C i e n t a n d e a r ly Me d i e v a l i n d i a 62
3.1 Chronology 6 2
 Table of Contents
3.2 Introduction 6 2
3.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 6 5Page | iv
3.4 Key Terms 6 5
3.5 What is India? The Geography of South Asia 6 6
3.6 India’s First Major Civilization: The Indus Valley Civilization 68
3.7 The Long Vedic Age 7 3
3.8 Transition to Empire: States, Cities, and New Religions 81
3.9 The Mauryan Empire 8 6
3.10 Regional States, Trade, and Devotional Religion 8 9
3.11 The Gupta Empire and India’s Classical Age 9 8
3 .12 India’s Ea rly Me dieval Age and the Developmen t o f I slami c
States in India 100
3.13 Conclusion 107
3.14 Works Consulted and Fur ther Reading 109
3.15 Links to Primary Sources 110
C h a p t e r f O u r : C h i n a a n d e a s t as i a t O t h e Mi n g dy n a s t y 111
4.1 Chronology 111
4.2 Introduction 112
4.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 113
4.4 Key Terms 114
4.5 Geography of East Asia 114
4.6 China from Neolithic Village Settlements to the Shang Kingdom 116
4.7 The Long Zhou Dynasty 121
4.8 The Qin Dynasty and the Transition from Ancient to Imperial China 13 0
4.9 The Han Dynasty 134
4.10 The Period of Division 140
4.11 The Tang Dynas t y and the Emergence of Eas t A sia 146
4.12 The Song Dynasty 157
4.13 The Yuan Dynasty 164
4.14 Conclusion 167
4.15 Works Consulted and Further Reading 168
4.16 Links to Primary Sources 169
C h a p t e r fi v e : th e g r e e k wO r l d f r O M t h e B r O n z e a g e t O
t h e r O M a n C O n q u e s t 171
 Table of Contents
5.1 Chronology 171
5.2 Introduction 171
5.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 173
5.4 Key Terms 173
5.5 Geography and Topography 175Page | v
5.6 Periods of Greek History 178
5.7 Methodology: Sources and problem 179
5.8 From Mythology to History 182
5.9 Archaic Greece 185
5.10 The Classical Period 196
5.11 Hellenistic Period 208
5.12 Conclusion 213
5.13 Works Consulted and Further Reading 214
5.14 Links to Primary Sources 215
C h a p t e r si x: th e rO M a n wO r l d f r O M 753 BCe t O 50 0 Ce 217
6.1 Chronology 217
6.2 Introduction 217
6.3 Questions to Guide your Reading 219
6.4 Key Terms 219
6.5 Geography and Topography of Rome and the Roman Empire 221
6.6 Basic Chronology and Periods of Roman History 224
6.7 Sources and Problems 224
6.8 Early and Middle Republic 227
6.9 Fall of the Roman Republic 237
6.10 The Early Empire 247
6.11 The Third-Century Crisis, and Late Antiquity 256
6.12 Conclusion 262
6.13 Works Consulted and Further Reading 263
6.14 Links to Primary Sources 264
C h a p t e r s e v e n : we s t e r n e u r O p e a n d By z a n t i u M
C i r C a 5 0 0 - 10 0 0 C e 2 6 6
7.1 C h r o n o l o g y 266
7. 2 In t r o d u c t i o n 267
7. 3 Q u e s t i o n s t o G ui d e yo u r R e a di n g 268
 Table of Contents
7.4 Ke y Te rm s 269
7.5 S u c c e s s o r K i n g d om s t o t h e We s t e r n R om a n Em pi r e 269
7.6 B y z a n t i um: t h e A g e o f J u s t i ni a n 271
7.7 P e r s p e c t i v e s: P o s t-R om a n E a s t a n d We s t 276
7.8 T h e B r i t i s h I s l e s: E u r o p e’ s P e r i p h e r y 277
7.9 B y z a n t i um: C r i s i s a n d r e c o v e r y 278
7.10 We s t e r n E u r o p e: t h e R i s e o f t h e F r a n k s 280
7.11 G l o b al C o n t e x t 283Page | vi
7.12 D ail y L i f e i n We s t e r n E u r o p e a n d t h e B y z a n t i n e Em pi r e s 2 8 6
7.13 C a r o li n gi a n C o ll a p s e 287
7.14 T h e Te n t h - C e n t u r y C h u r c h 291
7.15 B y z a n t i n e A p o g e e: T h e M a c e d o ni a n Em p e r o r s 292
7.16 C o n c l u s i o n 294
7.17 Wo r k s C o n s ul t e d a n d Fu r t h e r R e a di n g 295
7.18 L i n k s t o P r im a r y S o u r c e s 295
C h a p t e r ei g h t : i s l a M t O t h e Ma M l u k s 2 9 6
8.1 Chronology 296
8.2 Introduction 296
8.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 297
8.4 Key Terms 298
8.5 Geography of the Middle East 299
8.6 Rise of Islam 299
8.7 The Expansion of Islam 304
8.8 The Rashidun Caliphs 307
8.9 The Umayyad Caliphate 314
8.10 The ‘Abbasid Caliphate 319
8.11 The Fatimid Caliphate 325
8.12 The Crusades 328
8.13 The Mamluk Sultanate 331
8.14 Conclusion 334
8.15 Works Consulted and Further Reading 334
8.16 Links to Primary Sources 334
C h a p t e r ni n e : af r i C a n h i s t O r y t O 15 0 0 3 3 6
9.1 Chronology 336
 Table of Contents
9.2 Introduction 337
9.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 340
9.4 Key Terms 341
9.5 Writing the History of Ancient and Medieval Africa 341
9.6 Aksum and Ethiopia 345
9.7 The Western Sudanic States 351
9.8 The Spread of Agriculture and Great Zimbabwe 358
9.9 The Swahili Cit y-States (East A frica) 361
9.10 Conclusion 365
9.11 Works Consulted and Fur ther Reading 366Page | vii
C h a p t e r te n : th e a M e r i C a s 3 6 8
10.1 Chronology 368
10.2 Introduction 369
10.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 370
10.4 Key Terms 371
10.5 Mesoamerica 371
10.6 The Maya 376
10.7 The Aztec 379
10.8 Early Andes 380
10.9 North America 390
10.10 Conclusion 395
10.11 Works Consulted and Fur ther Reading 395
10.12 Links to Primary Sources 396
C h a p t e r el e v e n : C e n t r a l a s i a 3 9 8
11.1 Chronology 398
11.2 Introduction 398
11.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 399
11.4 Key Terms 400
11.5 Geography of Central Asia 401
11.6 Turkic Migrations 402
11.7 Islam 405
11.8 The Mongol Era 406
11.9 The Khanate of Chagatai 415
11.10 The Khanate of the Ilkhans 417
 Table of Contents
11.11 Timur 420
11.12 Conclusion 423
11.13 Works Consulted and Fur ther Reading 424
11.14 Links to Primary Sources 424
C h a p t e r tw e l v e : we s t e r n e u r O p e a n d By z a n t i u M
C i r C a 10 0 0 - 15 0 0 C e 4 2 6
12.1 Chronology 426
12.2 Introduction 428
12.3 Questions to Guide Your Reading 429
12.4 Key Terms 430
12.5 The Emergence of a Feudal Order in Western Europe 430
12.6 Grow th of Towns and Trade 433
12.7 Growth in Agriculture 434Page | viii
12.8 A Roman Empire? 435
12.9 The Holy Roman Empire’s Peripheries 437
12.10 Expansion of Christendom 437
12.11 Church Reform in the Eleventh Century 439
12.12 The Crusades 442
12.13 The Twel f th Centur y in Wes tern Europe 447
12.14 Empires: Recovery and Collapse 449
12.15 The Twel f th-Centur y Renaissance 451
12.16 The Third Crusade 453
12.17 The Four th Crusade 454
12.18 The states of Thirteenth-Century Europe 456
12.19 Later Crusades and Crusading’s Ultimate Failure 459
12.20 Scholasticism 460
12.21 Daily Life at the Medieval Zenith 463
12.22 Fourteenth Century Crises 465
12.23 War 467
12.24 Southeastern Europe in the Late Middle Ages 468
12.25 The Late Medieval Papacy 469
12.26 The European Renaissance 471
12.27 States in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance 474
12.28 Iberia and the Atlantic: New Worlds 474
 Table of Contents
12.29 Conclusion 476
12.30 Works Consulted and Further Reading 477
12.31 Links to Primary Sources
 Pg. 1

“Got something
very important to To Our Stockholders
point out to your
readers? Use a Strategic Highlights
sidebar to make it We’ve added a few tips (like this one) to help you get started.
stand out.”
When you click tip text, the whole tip is selected. Just start typing to replace it with your own.

The headings, however, are typical annual report headings that you might want to use as-is.

Financial Highlights
We love the cover page of this template. But we also think you should have options. On the
Insert tab, click Cover Page for a gallery of choices. And don’t worry about text you’ve already
added to that page. It will still be there after you choose another cover.

Operating Highlights
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one click, using Styles. Find a gallery of styles for this template on the Home tab of the ribbon.

Looking Ahead
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snap. To see new headings, click anywhere in the table of contents and then click Update
Table.

Chief Executive Name

Chief Executive Title
[Date]
Pg. 2

Financial Summary
Use this section to give a brief summary of your financials, highlighting important points.

This is also the perfect place for a few charts that demonstrate key financial information. To
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Pg. 3

Financial Statements
Statement of Financial Position
• Liabilities
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• Ownership Equity

Statement of Comprehensive Income (Profits and Losses)

• Income
• Expenses
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Statement of Changes in Equity

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then choose Quick Tables.

Description Revenue Expenses Earnings

Statement of Cash Flows

• Operating
• Investing
• Financing
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Pg. 4

Notes to Financial Statements

Accounts
When you have a document that shows a lot of numbers, it’s a good idea to have a little text
that explains the numbers. You can do that here.

Debt
Of course, we would all prefer to just have profits. But if you’ve got any debt, this is the place to
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Going Concern
Okay, you get the idea. If you’ve got notes to add about your financials, add them here.

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Keep in mind that some of these headings might not apply to your business (and you might
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What would you like your readers to understand? Add notes on key takeaways here.
Pg. 5

Independent Auditor’s Report

1.1 Unqualified Opinion
1.2 Qualified Opinion Report
1.3 Adverse Opinion Report
1.4 Disclaimer of Opinion Report
1.5 Auditor’s Report on Internal Controls of Public Companies
1.6 Going Concern
Pg. 6

About the Author

Dave Tayron D. Paggao

Instructor I
09752621309
paggaodavetayron@gmail.com

Company Information
Isabela State University (College of Education)
San Fabian Echague Isabela
[Website]