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The Beginning of Women's School Education

Nakajima Toshiko and Fukuda Hideko contributed to promoting gender equality and the monogamy system by participating in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. In 1883, Fukuda established a private women's school called "J k Gakusya" in her house, which helped prepare the way for women's education. However, the school was suddenly closed by an order from Takasaki prefecture in 1884. After that, Fukuda was imprisoned for participating in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. She expressed her desire for gender equality in her book "Prison recollection." The Meiji government started school education through an 1872 education code, establishing over 20,000 elementary schools nationwide, but girls'

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27 views1 page

The Beginning of Women's School Education

Nakajima Toshiko and Fukuda Hideko contributed to promoting gender equality and the monogamy system by participating in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. In 1883, Fukuda established a private women's school called "J k Gakusya" in her house, which helped prepare the way for women's education. However, the school was suddenly closed by an order from Takasaki prefecture in 1884. After that, Fukuda was imprisoned for participating in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement. She expressed her desire for gender equality in her book "Prison recollection." The Meiji government started school education through an 1872 education code, establishing over 20,000 elementary schools nationwide, but girls'

Uploaded by

Airen Desu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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based on the equality between men and women, and abolish the prostitution abroad.

3 The Participation at the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement by Nakajima Toshiko and

Fukuda Hideko Preparation of women education

Moreover, Nakajima Toshiko (before having gotten marriage, her family name was

Kishida, 1863-1901) and Fukuda Hideko (before having gotten marriage, her family name was

Kageyama, 1865-1927) contributed at the equality of sexes and the monogamy system with the

participation at the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement.

Women’s private school as “J k Gakusya” was established by women’s power in


Kageyama’s house in 1883. Those activities prepared the creation of the woman education. But

the school was suddenly closed by Takasaki prefecture’s order in 1884. After that, Fukuda

Hideko was imprisoned for participating at the Freedom and People’s Rights Movement. She

talked about the desire to the equality of sexes in the book “Prison recollection” as follows.

If women's rights are enhanced and the equalities between sexes is achieved, all of the 37 million
women will participate in politics, surely save the state, and removed wrong politics and law.
Moreover, the women might come to love countries more if the women bring up the culture with
men. So I determined to participate in the movement for liberation. I wished keenly like this.
“Prison recollection” 8

The Beginning of Women’s School Education

On school education

School education was started by the Meiji government’s order while the equality of sexes

and the monogamy system had been spread by the intellectuals gradually. Because the Meiji

leaders thought that they had to educate people actively in order to promote the modernization

in Japan. Therefore, the government enacted a Fundamental Code of Education in 1872. And the

elementary school more than 20,000 schools were established in the whole country based on this

code. Although the enrollment rate of the boy had reached 56% 5 years later, the girl’s rate was

23% or less. The difference was great. The educational policy was based on the educational

principle to make woman a good wife and a wise mother supporting “Ie”. “Ie” is a Japanese

family system.

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