CLE REVIEWER 2.

Descending Movement
Liturgy - by which God blesses the gifts we
- Comes from the combination of two offer and the Holy Spirit sanctifies us
Greek words “egos” which means particularly through perceptible and
work; and “Leiton”, an adjective of effective signs – the sacraments.
Leos Laos, which means People. - His response to the ascending
- Home of Sacraments movement
- Celebration of the People of God -
- Examples: The Liturgy is always connected to the
 Eucharist Paschal Mystery.
 Offering of the gifts
 Stations of the Crpss Both in liturgical and sacramental
 Baptism celebrations, the Church makes use of signs
- Will be considered Liturgy if there are and symbols and sacred actions that
two or more people involved in the communicate to us the Mystery of Faith that
gathering. we commemorate.
- is central or important for
Christianity, for in it and through it, GOD THE FATHER IS THE SOURCE AND
the Mystery of our Salvation is GOAL OF THE LITURGY
remembered, celebrated, and - Each time we celebrate the Liturgy,
dispensed. we raise to God the Father our
People of God prayers of adoration, contrition,
- OT – from the Israelites in the time of thanksgiving and supplication
Moses through our Lord Jesus Christ by the
- NT – the apostles who spread His power of the Holy Spirit.
word after He died; those who believe
in the Catholic Church Priest
Leitourgia - The main celebrant of all liturgical
- Means public work/service in the celebrations in the church, especially
sense and worship God as his people during the Eucharistic celebration or
or community. the Holy Mass.
Sacrosanctum Concilium - Acts “In Persona Christi” (in the
- “an exercise of the priestly office of person of Christ) in celebrating the
Jesus Christ” (SC7) sacraments and “In Persona Capitis”
- Every liturgical celebration is an (in the person of Christ the Head) in
action of Christ, the Priesthood and their leadership in the church.
His Body, which is the Church CHRIST IS THE PRIEST IN LITURGY
ACTS OF THE LITURGY - Threefold mission as King, Prophet,
1. Ascending Movement and Priest.
- we present to God our offering of - The mediator of the new and
adoration, praise and thanksgiving as eternal covenant.
well as our response of faith and love - His mediation is both universal and
to His blessings. unique.

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  Universal because it extends 7. Christ is present in the liturgy of the
to all humanity and to all Church as she administers the
nations. sacraments.
 Unique because any other 8.
mediator us but an interesting Christ is present in His Church in a still more
of God’s singular mediation. sublime manner as she offers the sacrifice
- The sole mediator and priest, because of the mass in His name. The divine Founder
He is true God, He intercedes for us of the Church is present in the mass both in
with the Father, and because He is the person of his ministers and above all –
true man, He is our High Priest who really and sacramentally present – under the
presides in our earthly liturgy. Eucharistic species.
Mysterium Fidei
- Enumerated by Pope Paul VI LITURGY IS THE ACTION OF THE HOLY
- The presence of Christ in the Church SPIRIT
1. Christ is present in the church when - The descent of the Holy Spirit in the
she prays. He prays for us as our form of tongues of fire upon the
priest, He prays for us as our priest, He Apostle at Pentecost inaugurated the
prays in us as our Head, He is prayed time of the Church.
to by us as our God. Holy Spirit
2. Christ is present as she performs her - Is what the soul is to the body
works of mercy. He is the one who - The principle of life and unity within
performs these works through the the Church.
Church and who continuously helps - The Nicene Creed professes the
men and women with His divine love. Church’s faith in the Holy Spirit as
3. Christ is present in the Church as she “Dominum et Vivicantum” the Lord
moves along on her pilgrimage with and Giver of Life.
a longing to reach the portals of - Unites the Church to Christ
eternal life. - Names: Sanctifier, Paraclete,
4. Christ is present in the Church as she Advocate, Comforter, Counselor,
preaches since the Gospel which she Guide, Spirit of God, among others.
proclaims is the Word of God. - Help us remember the sacrifice of
5. Christ is present in the Church as she Christ
rules and governs the People of God - Helps us listen to and understand
since her sacred power comes from the Word of God being proclaimed
Him and since He, the “Sheperd of - Helps us please to God to hear our
shpereds” is present in the bishops prayers and accept our offering of
who exercise that power. praise and thanksgiving as well as our
6. Christ is present in the church as she petition.
rules and governs the people of god - It ables us to make a commitment to
since her sacred power comes from lead a holy life and to serve the
Him and since He, the “Shepherd of Church in charity and unity.
shepherds,” is present in the bishops
who exercise that power.

Created by: Joana Coleen Samia | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Life Teacher: Sir Jonarld Manansala
The CCC summarizes the essential elements - The holy people united and organized
of the relationship between the Holy Spirit under the authority of bishops.
and the Church in Liturgy Liturgical Services
1. The Holy Spirit is the teacher of the - Pertain to the whole body of the
church’s faith and the artisan of the Church.
sacraments (CCC 1091). Common Priesthood
2. The Holy Spirit prepares the Church to - By virtue of baptism that makes one
receive the life of the risen Christ (CCC share in the sole priesthood of Christ.
1092). - The community of the baptized is
3. The Holy Spirit makes present the the celebrating assembly.
mystery of Christ and elicits the - These servants are chosen and
response of faith of the believers (CCC consecrated by the sacrament of
1099). Holy Orders.
4. The Holy Spirit through His own - The ordained minister, is, as it were,
transforming power brings about the an ‘icon’ of Christ the priest.
salvation of Christ (CCC 1105). Ministerial Priesthood
 Epiclesis – invocation upon; - Ordained ministers who preside at
the intercession in which the the Holy Mass, is the whole assembly
priest begs the Father to send that celebrates.
the Holy Spirit, the Sanctifier. - there is also the distinct presence of
5. The Holy Spirit unites the church to lay ministers who perform specific
the life and mission of Christ (CCC services in the liturgy.
1108). Particular Ministers
- not consecrated by the Sacrament of
Celebrant ≠ Presider Holy Orders.
“Christ the Lord Himself is the one who - Their functions are determined by the
celebrated the heavenly Liturgy” bishops, in accord with liturgical
Celebrant traditions and pastoral needs.
- Who is celebrating one’s own The ministerial priesthood are still
occasions considered common priesthood because they
Presider are baptized.
- The priest who leads the people in
celebration of the liturgy. Total Christ
- It is because the liturgy is a - Christus Totus
celebration not only of the priest, but - The Body of Christ united to its Head
all the people of God who gathered is the celebrant of the sacramental
together as liturgical assembly. liturgy.
- “In the celebration of the sacrament it
Sacrament of Unity is thus the whole assembly that is
- Liturgical services are not private leitourgous, each according to his
functions but are celebrations of the function, but in the ‘unity of spirit’
Church. who acts in all. ‘In liturgical
celebrations, each person, ministers

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 or layperson, who has an office to SIGNS
perform, should carry out all and only 1. Signs of the Human World
those parts which pertain to this - Communicating with others, through
office by the nature of the rite and the language, gestures and actions.
norms of the liturgy” (CCC 1144). - God speaks to man through the visible
creation.
How to celebrate the Liturgy? - The material cosmos is so prevented
- The Church celebrates the Liturgy by to man’s intelligence that we can read
employing signs and symbols that their traces of its creator.
serve as “bearers of the saving and - Ex.: sign of the cross
sanctifying action of Christ.” 2. Signs of the Covenant
- The chosen people received from God
SIGNS AND SYMBOLS distinctive signs and symbols that
Laying on of Hands marked its liturgical life.
- from ancient times, the laying on of - Covenant is the symbol of mighty
hands was the sign of calling down deeds of Christ.
the Holy Spirit. - Ex.: matrimony
Oil 3. Signs took by Christ
- for the Jewish people, our anscestors - In His preachings, the Lord Jesus often
in faith, anointing with old means makes use of the signs of creation to
setting the person a part for a make known the mysteries of the
particular mission. Kingdom of God.
Fire/Light - He performs healings and illustratres
- in the OT, fire is a symbol of God’s His preaching with physical signs or
purifying presence. symbolic gesture.
Bread - He gives new meaning to the deeds
- Bread is life. Wheat is grown and and signs of the OT.
ground, transformed by human work 4. Sacramental Signs
to make bread. - Transubstantiation
Wine - It is through the sacramental signs of
- Wine is joy. Grapes are grown and His Church that the Holy Spirit carries
crushed, transformed by human on work of sanctification
hands to make wine. Sacrament
Water – meant to give grace to us; divine
- The early Christians were baptized in institution
rivers or large fonts of water. This Sacramentals
symbolized a kind of drawing to - Ecclesiastical institution/instituted by
one’s old life. the Church
White Garment - Holy water, ashes, liturgical candles,
- White is the color of Christian incense, Bible, rosary
baptism. It symbolizes the cleansing - Instruments of the unending grace of
of the person from a sin. Christ.

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 We celebrate the Liturgy through Church is not celebrating the more
knowing the signs and symbols, prominent seasons.
because these are the act of Jesus.
4. Lent
LITURGICAL SEASONS - Begins from Ash Wednesday
1. Advent - Pentinal season
- 4 Sundays - Preparation for the celebration of
- Preparation for the coming of Easter
Christ - 40 days of prayer, fasting and
- First Sunday closest to November and almsgiving commemorating the 40
ends before Christmas days spent by Jesus in the dessert in
- Marks the beginning of a new year preparation for His public ministry.
in the liturgical year.
5. Paschaal Triduum
2. Christmas Season - Commences with the mass of the
- Begins from the Vigil of the Lord’s Lord’s supper on Holy Thursday and
birth and ends with the feast of ends with celebration of Easter
baptism of the Lord Sunday
- December 24 – 2nd Sunday of January - The Passion, Death and
- Birth of the Son of God, the Word Ressurection
made flesh, the promised Messiah, the - The days of Ressurection is the apex
Savior of all mankind, Jesus Christ, or the Church’s calendar
true God and true man who came into - Lord’s Day
the world to lay down His life for - Easter Sunday
redemption. - Summit of the whole liturgical year
- in the Philippines, it is celebrated up
to the 3rd Sunday of January (Feast 6. Easter Season
of Sto. Nino) for thanksgiving. - Fifty-day celebration of the joyful
500 years of Christianity in the Philippines exultation of the Lord’s resurrection
from Easter Sunday to Pentecost
3. Ordinary time - the “sanctoral” in the liturgical year
- First phase (2nd Sunday of January- refers to the annual cycle of
before Lenten Season) celebrating the mysteries of Christ
- Second phase (Monday after - Messiac mission of Christ
Pentecost – beginning of Advent)
- The period of thirsty-four Sundays HOLY DAYS OF OBLGATION
referring to the “hidden life of January 1 – Solemnity of Mary, Mother of
Jesus”, the stage in the Lord’s life in God
which the Gospels are silent about December 8 – Solemnity of the Immaculate
Him Concepcion
- It is called ‘ordinary’ because it refers December 25 – Solemnity of the Nativity of
to the time of the year in which the our Lord Jesus Christ

Created by: Joana Coleen Samia | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Life Teacher: Sir Jonarld Manansala
Pentecost Sunday – Descent of the Holy Spirit, “we are the temple of the living God”
Spirit (2 Cor 6:16).

Sancrosanctum Concilium Church

- Vatican II’s constitution - An edifice where we gather as a
- Constitution of the Sacred Liturgy liturgical assembly for our divine cult,
- “Holy Mother Church is conscious that bur more than being visible churches,
she must celebrate the saving work of they signify and manifest the church
her divine Spouse by devoutly that we are.
recalling it on certain days throughout - The house of prayer
the course of the year…she keeps the
memory of the Lord’s resurrection…” IMPORTANT PARTS OF THE CHURCH
1. Altar
The third commandment of the Decalogue - the center of the church where the
commands us to honor God with acts of sacrifice of the Cross is made present
worship on prescribed days. under sacramental signs. It is the
table of the Lord to which the People
Where to celebrate the Liturgy? of God are invited to share in the
- Large buildings were used as places banquet of the Lord.
of religious gatherings. The church’s 2. Tabernacle
interior is usually fixed in its - The boxlike receptacle where the
framework. Blessed Sacrament is reposed.
- main parts of a church’s interior: - It is solid, inviolable, and located
- nave - where the assembly is always within the church in a most
gathered dignified place that is truly prominent
- sanctuary where the priest or bishop and conducive to prayer.
and other altar ministers perform - The dignity, placing, and security of
their perspective functions. the Eucharistic Tabernacle should
- The church must always be clean and facilitate the adoration of the Lord
set in an orderly way so that it invites really present in the Most Blessed
prayer and recollection of everyone Sacrament of the Altar.
who enters it. - The Sanctuary Lamp must be kept
- The church building can be burning before the Tabernacle.
considered a monument of faith. It 3. Chair
enshrines the faith of our ancestors. - is reserved for the Bishop (Cathedra)
The sacredness of the church is the or for the priest to express his office
house of God calls for our utmost of presiding over the assembly and
reverence and most diligent attention. directing prayer.
4. Lectern (Ambo)
We are the “living stones” gathered to “be - is a suitable place in a church
built into a spiritual house” (1 Peter 2:5). intended for the proclamation of the
Incorporated to Christ through the Holy Word of God. It is also known as the
Table of the Word.

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 5. Baptistry - The church uses Latin words Ex
- The gathering of the People of God Opera Operato (‘by the very fact of
begins with baptism. Thus a church the actions being performed”) to
must have an appropriate place for explain that the sacraments, signs
the celebration of baptism. bestow by the Holy Spirit.
6. Confessional
- The renewal of the baptismal life Sacraments are different from other signs
requires penance. It is an appropriate because they possess the power to produce
place to receive penitents for the sacred effects of which they are signs.
expression of repentance and the
reception of forgiveness. A sacrament is an outward sign of inward
grace. The signs are visible sign to our senses
Sacrament and efficacious in that they affect what they
- According to CCC, it is an external or signify.
sensible sign, instituted by Christ,
which causes the graces it signifies. It is by the power of the Holy Spirit that the
- sign of something hidden and sacred. church has recognized the treasure received
from Christ – the sacraments – and has
FOUR ESSENTAIL POINTS OF THE NATURE determined their “dispensation” (cf. Mt 13:52;
AND MEANING OF SACRAMENTS 1 Cor 4:1). The sacraments belong to the
1. Sign church in a double sense. They are “by the
- It points to something that is, to the Church” because she is the sacrament of
reality it represents. Although it bears Christ’s action at work in her through the
a natural resemblance to the signified mission of the Holy Spirit. They are “for the
reality, it cannot point to itself Church” because the sacraments make the
2. Sensible Sign church (cf. CCC 1117 – 1118).
- Known through external senses
- An abstract or an image produced by The Holy Spirit prepares us for the reception
the imagination could not be of the sacraments through the Word of God
sacrament and through faith. The faith of a well-disposed
- Use of signs and symbols heart receives the Word of God. The
- Water purifies the soul; regeneration sacraments strengthen and express this faith
- Matrimony – man and woman (cf. CCC 1133).
3. Instituted by Christ
- Sacraments are the very words and The church teaches that “the purpose of the
actions of Christ. sacrament is to sanctify men, to build up
- Means of channels by which God the body of Christ, and, finally, to give
communicates His grace to us. worship to God; because they are signs
- Jesus Christ is the primordial sign they also instruct. They not only presuppose
because He is the visible sign of God’s faith, but by words and objects they also
love. nourish, strengthen, and express it; that is
4. Grace why they are called ‘sacraments of faith” (cf.
SC 59; CCC 1123).

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 a. Confirmation
THE NUMBER OF THE SACRAMENTS b. Eucharist
The Pope cannot add more sacraments or c. Holy Orders
eliminate because Christ instituted just seven d. Matrimony
sacraments because “seven were necessary to e. Anointing of the Sick
provide for the perfection of individual
Christian and for the government and 2. The Sacraments of the Dead,
multiplications of the chosen.” Because they may be received by those
who are spiritually dead because of
The first five sacraments correspond to the mortal sin.
different needs of the Christian’s spiritual a. Baptism
life namely: b. Penance
1. Baptism – birth
2. Confirmation – growth THE NECESSITY OF THE SACRAMENTS
3. Eucharist – nutrition - lies in the fact that Jesus established
4. Penance – cure in sickness them for our salvation. No one can
5. Anointing of the Sick – preparation for the save oneself. God alone can save us.
soul’s union with God - It is our recognition that we depend
on God, He who made heaven and
The other two corresponds to the needs of earth for our sake.
the Christian Community: - This supernatural help is what the
6. Holy Orders – the Christian Priesthood sacraments could give to us.
7. Matrimony – the Christian Family (to be as
one and bear a child) Among the sacraments, two are necessary
as a means because without them there is
ORGANIZED GROUPS OF SACRAMENTS no salvation.
1. The Sacraments of Christian Initiation 1. Baptism
a. Baptism - faith - the desire of receiving it
b. Confirmation – strengthens the - Baptism is necessary for salvation for
faith those whom the gospel has been
c. Holy Eucharist – nourish the future proclaimed and who have had the
2. The Sacraments of Healing possibility of asking for this
a. Penance sacrament.
b. Anointing of the Sick 2. Penance
3. The Sacraments at the Service of - necessary for those who have
Communion committed mortal sins
a. Holy Orders - When a priest absolves us of our sins,
b. Matrimony sanctifying grace is restored to us and
we brought back to reconciliation
CATEGORIES OF SACRAMENTS with God and with the church.
1. The Sacraments of the Living, - St. Pope Paul VI remarked that
because they can be received only by “prima e duratissimo, poi e
those who are at the state of grace. consolatissimo” (before, it is very

Created by: Joana Coleen Samia | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Life Teacher: Sir Jonarld Manansala
 difficult, but after, it is very the door which accesses to the
consoling). other sacraments” (CCC 1213).
- A sacrament instituted by Christ, in
THE EFFECTS OF SACRAMENTS which through the washing with
The sacraments communicate respective water and by invoking the three
sacramental graces for our growth in holiness Divine Persons, the spiritual
and in our supernatural life. Thus, the regeneration of a human being is
sacramental graces are as follows: achieved.
1. Baptism gives help to lead a clean - The bath or rebirth and renewal by
and worthy spiritual life. the Holy Spirit.
2. Confirmation strengthens us to face - Our total self is being renewed,
temptations and difficulties. Effects of Baptism
3. Holy Eucharist nourishes and  Brings the new life of Christ
develops spiritual life.  Forgiveness from sins through
4. Penance gives spiritual strength for water and the Spirit
spiritual battle.  Incorporation of the Church
5. Anointing of the Sick comforts the – Baptism makes us members
soul at the moment of death. of the Body of Christ.
6. Holy Orders gives help for the proper  Sharing in the Divine life as
fulfillment of the duties it imposes. adopted children of God
7. Matrimony gives the help needed to Types of Baptism
comply with the obligations of  Infant Baptism
married life.  Adult Baptism

“Some have asserted that the Filipino How does Baptism bring us New Life in
Catholics are ‘sacramentalized’ but ‘not Christ?
evangelized’”  Baptism unites us to the Risen Christ
 Through the Biblical symbol of water
Endowment of Supernatural Life and spirit
- To live with the dignity of God
 By making us share in Christ’s
Supernatural Grace
Baptism of Paschal Mystery
- Habitual gift, a stable and
Original Sin
supernatural disposition that perfects
- Is the context of baptism refers not to
the soul, itself to enable it to live with
the personal sin committed by the
God, to act by His love.
first human being but rather to the
sinful condition into which all
Baptism
human beings as descendants of
- It came from the Greek word
Adam and Eve are born with the
“baptezien” meaning “to
exemption of Jesus and Mary (CFC
immerse/bath/wash”.
1601).
- is the basis of the whole Christian life,
- Deprivation of sanctifying grace
the gathering to life in the spirit… and
- Because of originating sin (personal
sin), death came

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  Originating sin – disobedience of Minister, Matter, Form
Adam and Eve - “in case of necessity” such as when a
- sinful condition – concupiscence newborn baby is in danger of death or
– evil things; personal sins there is no time to seek Baptism from
-sacrament of penance the ordinary minister, “any person
-tendency to commit sin can baptize provided that he have the
intention of doing that which the
Godparents Church does” and provided that he
- they represent the whole Church uses the matter and form of the
Baptismal Water sacrament.
- God makes use of water to give His 1. Matter of Baptism – Water
life to those who believe in Him. 2. Form of Baptism – “I baptize you, in
- It is also used to cleanse us from our the name of the Father, and of the Son,
sins in a new birth to innocence by and of the Holy Spirit” (as the matter
water and spirit. is poured on the candidate’s head).
- In Baptism, we “pass through water” –
a sign of our participation in the death The Lord Jesus Himself affirms that
of Jesus Christ and rising with Him Baptism is necessary for salvation. He
into the freedom of God’s life and love. directed His disciples to proclaim the
Baptismal Candle gospel to all nations and baptize them
- Jesus announces to us that He is the
Light of the World, “I am the Light of When we are baptized, the baptismal
the World. Whoever follows me will character, which is an indelible mark, is
not walk in darkness, but will have imprinted in our soul. This is a permanent
the light of life” sign that signifies that we belong to Jesus
Baptismal Garment Christ.
- The baptized is clothed in white as a
symbol of purity and innocence. “Baptism of Water” may be replaced by:
- It is also a symbol of “putting on”  Baptism by blood or
Christ and the pure new life of grace. martyrdom
- is also a symbol of human dignity - death for the sake of Jesus Christ
given by God that we need to uphold  Baptism by desire
and cherish. - Applies to people who have lived
Anointing with Chrism Oil good lives and circumstances which
- in the Old Testament, it means a are not their fault.
person is set apart for a particular
mission.
- As anointed, we are called to be a
priest by living a life of prayer; to be a
prophet by announcing the Word of
God, and to be king by living with
integrity.

Created by: Joana Coleen Samia | STEM 12 - Our Lady of Life Teacher: Sir Jonarld Manansala