NOTECARDS
Subtopic: Introduction to Pyrolysis and The Basic Principles of Pyrolysis
Author/Title: Chowdhury Zaira Zaman, Kaushik Pal, Wageeh A. Yehye ….
Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste (Published: July 5th
2017)
Page Paraphrase: The word “pyrolysis” was derived from two Greek words: “pyro” -
fire, and “lysis”- disintegration into integral parts. It is an ancient technology, which was
first used to make charcoal in Middle East and Southern Europe 5500 years ago.
Pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process of lignocellulosic biomass. It is done in an
inert atmosphere with the presence of Nitrogen or Argon gas flow, but with no oxygen.
A very reliable and environmentally friendly replacement resource for carbon‐
based fuels and chemicals is lignocellulosic biomass. Today, the non‐renewable
fuels which are formed naturally beneath the earth crust, are the major global
supply of energy. Nevertheless, we must take note that fossil fuels are now in
short supply.
[Ademola, Abigail Ayomide]
Original Text
Pyrolysis is defined as the thermal decomposition of lignocellulosic derivatives under
inert conditions in oxygen‐deficient environments. The word is resulting from two
Greek words: ‘pyro’, which means fire, and ‘lysis’, which means disintegration into
integral parts. Pyrolysis technology is very old and earlier it was first used for
preparation of charcoal in Middle East and Southern Europe before 5500 years ago.
Lignocellulosic biomass is considered as a promising environmentally friendly
substitute resource for carbon‐based fuels and chemicals. Existing global supply of
energy depends on non‐renewable fuels such as oil, gas and coal formed naturally
beneath the earth crust. However, the amount of fossil fuel is limited now.
The thermal decomposition process of pyrolysis using lignocellulosic biomass takes
place in the absence of oxygen under inert atmosphere. As an inert atmosphere argon or
nitrogen gas flow is usually needed.
Source: Zaman, Z., Pal, K., Yehye, W., Suresh, Sagadevan, Shah, S., . . . Johan, R. (2017,
July 05). Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste. Retrieved May
20, 2020 from https://www.intechopen.com/books/pyrolysis/pyrolysis-a-sustainable-
way-to-generate-energy-from-waste
Subtopic: Environmental responsibility
Author/Title: Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom. (2018, June 21). It’s in your
hands and in your feet, Dumaguete City.
Summarized Text:
Community engagement is one of the most vital aspects of effectively creating a change
in the environment. It encourages the sense of responsibility of the people of Dumaguete to
start doing and generate changes in the environment they live in. By creating a little change
and doing little things in helping our environment, it will create a significant and huge
environmental difference.
[Ferraren, Danika Kaye J.]
Original Text
Known for its rich and diverse marine resources and booming ecotourism, Dumaguete
City was chosen to be featured for this year’s Freedom Run to highlight the city’s best
practices on environmental protection and good governance – a driver of economic
sustainability in the community. With theme, “Accelerating Environmental Sustainability
through Citizen’s Participation,” the event aims not only to recognise but also to replicate
best practices and to make these known for the Dumagueños so they would know ways
on how to participate in these initiatives by their local government.
Source: Friedrich Nauman Foundation for Freedom. (2018, June 21). It’s in your hands
and in your feet, Dumaguete City. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://philippines.fnst.org/content/its-your-hands-and-your-feet-dumaguete-city
Subtopic: How green is waste-to-energy?
Author/Title: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works
Page Paraphrase:
The waste hierarchy tool must be taken into consideration because it presents organized
and structured actions on how to regulate and reduce waste. Before regulating waste,
the following must first be considered - recycling, minimization and composting.
However, waste-to-energy is much more desirable to landfill as it is above waste
disposal. Achieving ‘green’ waste-to-energy depends on the capabilities of the plant that
can convert waste into energy and the fraction of biodegradable waste. Thus, eventually
affecting the decision whether it is the ‘recovery’ or the ‘disposal’ of waste. Combustion,
gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery are examples on
how to generate energy from waste.
[Malaga, Alyssa Kristina Y.]
Original Text
It’s important to place the idea of generating energy from waste in its proper context – and
the waste hierarchy does this best. The waste hierarchy tool indicates an order of preference
for actions to reduce and manage waste.
It places energy generation (recovery) below reducing waste, re-use, and recycling and
composting, meaning it’s those options that should be considered first when managing waste;
but above waste disposal meaning that waste-to-energy is preferable to landfill.
How truly ‘green’ waste-to-energy is depends on the efficiency of the plant turning the waste
into energy, and the proportion of the waste that is biodegradable. This affects whether the
approach is considered to be ‘recovery’ or simply ‘disposal’ of waste.
There are a number of ways of generating energy from waste. These include combustion,
gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion and landfill gas recovery.
Source: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works. (2019, January) Retrieved Retrieved
May 15, 2020, from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/blog/generating-energy-waste-how-it-
works
Subtopic: Pyrolysis: no oxygen, no trouble?
Author/Title: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works
Page Direct Quotation:
“Where pyrolysis is different from other methods listed so far is that decomposition of
various solid wastes takes place at high temperature, but without oxygen or in an
atmosphere of inert gases. This means the process requires lower temperatures, and has
lower emissions of some of the air pollutants associated with combustion (“Generating
Energy from Waste: how it works,” 2019).”
[Malaga, Alyssa Kristina Y.]
Original Text
Where pyrolysis is different from other methods listed so far is that decomposition of various
solid wastes takes place at high temperature, but without oxygen or in an atmosphere of inert
gases. This means the process requires lower temperatures, and has lower emissions of some
of the air pollutants associated with combustion.
Source: Generating Energy from Waste: how it works. (2019, January) Retrieved Retrieved
May 15, 2020, from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/blog/generating-energy-waste-how-it-
works
Subtopic: Reduce Pollution
Author/Title: Oposa, Juan Antonio. With carbon pricing, Train law can help reduce
pollution
Page Direct quotation:
“Diesel, gasoline, and LPG – all land transport fuels – are taxed a relatively high rate per ton
of carbon generated, even higher compared to other countries with carbon pricing policies
(“With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution,” 2018).”
[Noblefranca, Frank Matthew Q.]
Original Text
Diesel, gasoline, and LPG – all land transport fuels – are taxed a relatively high rate per ton of
carbon generated, even higher compared to other countries with carbon pricing policies.
Source: With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution. (2018). With Carbon
Pricing, Train Law Can Help Reduce Pollution. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/195337-tax-reform-law-carbon-pricing-reduce-
pollution
Subtopic: Sustainable power source
Author/Title: Oposa, Juan Antonio. With carbon pricing, Train law can help reduce
pollution
Page Paraphrase:
To abstain from expanding power rates for the on-grid buyers, SPUG territories ought to
think about moving to a sustainable power source and microgrid innovations. Sustainable
power source and battery innovation have gotten less expensive and better over the most
recent 10 years and guarantee to keep on improving later on.
[Noblefranca, Frank Matthew Q.]
Original Text
To avoid increasing electricity rates for the on-grid consumers, SPUG areas should consider
shifting to renewable energy and microgrid technologies. Renewable energy and battery
technology have become cheaper and better in the last 10 years and promise to continue to
improve in the future.
Source: With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution. (2018). With Carbon
Pricing, Train Law Can Help Reduce Pollution. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/195337-tax-reform-law-carbon-pricing-reduce-
pollution
Subtopic: Innovation
Author/Title: Kraft, A. Turning Plastic into Fuel in the Philippines. ZD Net, 2012.
Page Summary:
Jayme Navarro found a solution by turning plastic waste such as non-biodegradable
and non-recyclable wastes into fuel by the process of Pyrolysis. He anticipated his invention if
it would be implemented massively, it could exactly resolve the problem we faced in our
sanitary landfills. Drying and shredding of applicable waste materials are the first process in
Pyrolysis. The heat will be the catalyst and when it produces vapor, the vapor will be cooled
down and a distillation process must take place. The final product is the same as our regular
fuel.
[Pileo, Cheska M.]
Original Text
A Filipino inventor has found a way to convert plastic trash into fuel – Gasoline,
Diesel and Kerosene. Though not a very new invention, Jayme Navarro has found his own
way of turning plastic into fuel, through a process called “Pyrolysis”. This patented system
has been proven to convert non-biodegradable and non-recyclable plastics into fuel. If
implemented in a large-scale this system could literally turn hill sized land fills in the
Philippines into a goldmine – “fuelmine”.
ECO-Tech also explains how it works:
"Pyrolysis is a fairly simple process, it starts by drying plastics to be
processed. They are then shredded into smaller pieces, and heated in a thermal
chamber. The melted plastic is continually heated until it boils and produces
vapors. The vapor is passed into cooling pipes and distilled into a liquid,
which is chemically identical to regular fuel."
Source: Philippines. Turning plastic waste into fuel. (2012, July). Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.zdnet.com/article/in-the-philippines-turning-plastic-waste-into-fuel/
Subtopic: Waste Management
Author/Title: Minerva, N. Waste Management at Barangay Level pushed
in Dumaguete City. Manila Bulletin, 2019.
Page Direct Quotation:
According to Ferrer (2019) have explained, “bringing down waste management to the
barangay level was the best approach to address the garbage problem in the city.” She also
stated, “the 30 barangays of Dumaguete City should be working on a decentralized system
with more Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) installed around the barangays for people to
learn how to properly segregate wastes at household source” (Ferrer, 2019).
[Pileo, Cheska M.]
Original Text
Ferrer explained that bringing down waste management to the barangay level was the best
approach to address the garbage problem in the city.
Ferrer said the 30 barangays of Dumaguete City should be working on a decentralized system
with more Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) installed around the barangays for people to
learn how to properly segregate wastes at household source.
Source: Waste Management at Barangay Level of Dumaguete City. (2019,February). Retrieved
Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/02/17/waste-management-at-
brgy-level-pushed-in-dumaguete/
Subtopic: Three barangays as starting line for the program
Author/Title: Gallarde, J. (2018, August 24). Zero waste program launched in 3 Dumaguete
villages.
Summarized Text:
The chosen villages as a startup of the program are Barangay Bantayan, Piapi, and Looc. The
reason for this is that these three chosen villages are close to each other and are near the
marine waters. This could be a good start in cleaning the marine waters, which is the most
convenient way in helping the city to deal with their large garbage problem according to the
chiefs of the three chosen villages.
[Pileo, Reena Viktoria S.]
Original Text
Barangays Bantayan, Piapi, and Looc are contiguous in terms of location and all are shoreline
villages.
Barangays Looc, Piapi, and Bantayan were chosen as pilot barangays of the Zero Waste
program because of the sheer political will of their respective barangay captains and village
councils, and the support of their communities, Ferrer said.
These three barangays are host to marine sanctuaries even as they are responding to the
international clamor for everybody to stop polluting the seas, rivers, and other bodies of
water.
In an interview, the three village chiefs said implementing the Zero Waste program is their
way of helping the city combat the huge garbage problem.
Source: Gallarde, J. (2018, August 24). Zero waste program launched in 3 Dumaguete villages.
Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1045853
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Continuous pyrolysis plant: for sale. (n.d.) Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
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forfueloil_60525418885.html?spm=a2700.7724857.normalList.3 7.1
38e5b2aHSzUIh&bypass=true
Dumaguete City ENRO collects almost 6,000 kilos of garbage in coastal clean-up. (2014,
April 30). Bayanihan. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
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kilos-of- garbage-in-coastal-clean-up/
Filipino Inventor turns Plastic Trash into Liquid Gold (2012, July). Retrieved May 15,
2020, from http://gotecotech.com/turn-plastic-into-gasoline-diesel-kerosene/
Friedrich Naumann Foundation for Freedom. (2018, June 21). It’s in your hands and in
your feet, Dumaguete City. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://philippines.fnst.org/content/its-your-hands-and-your-feet-dumaguete-
city
Fully Continuous Pyrolysis Plant. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
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tml
Gallarde, J. (2018, August 24). Zero waste program launched in 3 Dumaguete villages.
Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1045853
Generating Energy from Waste: how it works. (2019, January). Retrieved May 15, 2020,
from https://energysavingtrust.org.uk/blog/generating-energy-waste-how-it-
works
Oposa, J. (n.d.). With carbon pricing, Train Law can help reduce pollution. Retrieved
May 15, 2020, from https://www.rappler.com/thought-leaders/195337-tax-
reform-law-carbon-pricing-reduce-pollution
Philippines. Turning plastic waste into fuel. (2012, July). Retrieved May 15, 2020, from
https://www.zdnet.com/article/in-the-philippines-turning-plastic-waste-into-
fuel/
Steel Wire Rod Monthly Price. Php per Metric Ton Range. (n.d.) Retrieved May 15, 2020,
from https://www.indexmundi.com/commodities/?commodity=steel-wire-
rod&months=360¤cy=php
Waste Management at Barangay Level of Dumaguete City. (2019,February).
Retrieved May 15, 2020, from https://news.mb.com.ph/2019/02/17/waste-
management-at-brgy-level-pushed-in-dumaguete/
Zaman, Z., Pal, K., Yehye, W., Suresh, Sagadevan, Shah, S., . . . Johan, R. (2017, July 05).
Pyrolysis: A Sustainable Way to Generate Energy from Waste. Retrieved May 20,
2020 from https://www.intechopen.com/books/pyrolysis/pyrolysis-a-
sustainable-way-to-generate-energy-from-waste
