MODULE IN
SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
AND SOCIETY
General Concepts and Historical Events in Science, Technology and Society
Objectives:
1. Discusses the major events about intellectual revolutions that defined society.
2. Describes the Science, Technology and Nation Building.
3. Explain the scientific education in the Philippines.
4. Explain the importance of indigenous science and technology in the
Philippines.
What is Science Technology and Society?
Science, Technology and Society (STS) is an interdisciplinary field that
studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of
scientific knowledge and technological systems occur; the consequences of these
activities upon different groups of people.
The Science, Technology, and Society (STS) program supports research that
uses historical, philosophical, and social scientific methods to investigate the
intellectual, material, and social facets of the scientific, technological, engineering
and mathematical (STEM) disciplines. It encompasses a broad spectrum of STS
topics including interdisciplinary studies of ethics, equity, governance, and policy
issues that are closely related to STEM disciplines, including medical science.
A. Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society
What is an intellectual revolution?
It is the period where paradigm shifts occurred. It is where the scientific beliefs
that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people where challenged and
opposed.
-He is known for his evolution by natural selection and was formulated in his book
“On the Origin of Species” in 1859.
-The theory describes how organisms change over time as a result of changes in
heritable physical or behavioral traits.
-The changes that allow an organism to better adapt to its environment can help it
survive and have more offspring.
What is Scientific revolution?
Period of enlightenment
transformed the views of society about nature
Started early 16th century - 18th century in Europe.
1. Science is an Idea
- Ideas, theories, systematic explanations and observation.
2. Science as an intellectual activity
1. Systematic and practical study
2. Systematic observations and experimentation
3. Science as a body of knowledge
3. Subject or discipline, a field of study or a body of knowledge
4. School science
4. Science as a personal and social activity
5. Knowledge and activities done by human to develop better understanding
of the world.
SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS
1. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
(19 February 1473- 24 May 1543)
“MODEL OF THE EARTH
ORBITING
AROUND THE SUN”
2. CHARLES DARWIN
(12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882)
“THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES IN 1589”
3. SIGMUND FREUD
(6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939)
“STUDY HUMAN INNER LIFE”
CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE
Development of Science in Mesoamerica
1. MAYA CIVILIZATION
-Rubber
-Mayan Writing System
-The Maya Calendar
-Maya Art
-Mathematics
-Law and Order
- Hallucinogenic Drugs
-Ball Courts
-Astronomy
2. INCA CIVILIZATION
-Roads
-Quipu
-Inca Textiles
-Rope bridges
-Brain surgery
3. AZTEC CIVILIZATION
-Mandatory Education
-Chocolate
-Gum
-Chinampa
-Invention of the boat
-Antispasmodic medication
-Aztec Calendar
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA
1. INDIA
Ayurveda – A system of traditional medicine
Iron-Cased Rockets -were developed in the 1780s by Tipu
Sultan
The Idea of Zero - Mathematician Aryabhata was the first person
to create a symbol for zero and it was through his efforts that
mathematical operations like addition and subtraction started
using the digit, zero.
Chakravala method of Algorithms -was developed by
Brahmagupta, one of the well-known mathematicians of the 7th
century CE.
Ruler Measurements
Seamless Metal Globe - Considered one of the most remarkable
feats in metallurgy, the first seamless celestial globe was made
in Kashmir by Ali Kashmiri ibn Luqman in the reign of the
Emperor Akbar.
2. CHINA
Practice acupuncture
Alchemy
Block Printmaking / Printing Technology
Invented 1st seismological detector
Lunar calendar
3. MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
Ibn al Haytham – father of optics, intromission theory of light
Muhammad ibn Musa al – Khwarizmi – give his name in algo
Introduction of decimal point notation
Jabir ibn Hayyan - Father of chemistry
Ibn Sina – first physician to conduct clinical trials; wrote book
4. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION
Development of Geometry
Egyptian pyramids
Tried to study human anatomy and pharmacology
Used 3 types of calendars: Lunar, Solar and Stellar
5.
B. The Science, Technology and Nation Building
Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines
INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM
Embedded in cultural traditions of regional, indigenous and local communities
Orally passed
Evident in stories, poems and songs\
Examples of indigenous knowledge that are taught and practiced by
indigenous people.
EXAMPLES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE
1. PREDICTION OF WEATHER
2. USING HERBAL MEDICINE
3. PRESERVING OF FOODS
4. CLASSIFYING PLANTS AND ANIMALS INTO FAMILIES
5. SELECTING GOOD SEEDS FOR PLANTING
INDIGENOUS BELIEFS
According to Johnston (2000) indigenous beliefs also develop desirable
values namely;
1. Motivating attitudes
2. Cooperating attitudes
3. Practical attitudes
4. Reflective attitudes
C. Scientific Education in the Philippines
REFERRENCES
https://www.ancienthistorylists.com/maya-history/top-10-inventions-of-mayan-
civilization/
https://theculturetrip.com/south-america/bolivia/articles/8-things-you-didnt-know-the-
incas-invented/
https://www.theclassroom.com/about-colonial-family-life-12078343.html
https://learnodo-newtonic.com/aztec-achievements
https://www.thebetterindia.com/63119/ancient-india-science-technology/
https://www.crystalinks.com/chinascience.html
https://prezi.com/dejrmc4xbvhd/indigenous-science-and-technology-in-the-ph/
