Personal Protective
Equipment
• Determine the different types of PPE
• Distinguish the appropriate and approved
types of PPE needed in a workplace
• Know the limitations of PPE
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Personal Protective
Equipment
Personal protective equipment are variety of
devices and garments designed to serve as
a barrier between workers and workplace
hazards.
Guidelines in Selecting PPE
1. Identify the hazard
2. Understand the effect
3. Recommend the proper equipment
4. Train workers on proper usage and
maintenance
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Personal Protective
Equipment
Head
Head Protection
Protection Eye
Eye && Face
Face Protection
Protection
Hearing
Hearing Protection
Protection Respiratory
Respiratory Protection
Protection
Hand Foot
Foot Protection
Protection
Hand && Arm
Arm Protection
Protection
Torso
Torso Protection
Protection Fall
Fall Protection
Protection
Occupational Head Hazards & Effects
HAZARDS EFFECTS
ßImpact from falling objects n Perforation/fracture
ßBump against rigid of the skull
stationary objects
ßPenetration by sharp objects
ßContact with live electrical n Electrical shock
conductors
ßFire hazards n Burns
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HEAD PROTECTION
Hard Hat or Safety Helmet
A rigid device that is worn to provide protection for the head and which is
held in place by a suitable suspension.
Parts of a Hard Hat
1. The suspension system includes the headband and straps on the inside of
the hat. This system absorbs and distributes the force of impact.
2. The hard outer shell protects the head from sharp objects, such as falling
tool. It also absorbs part of the force of impact, since it’s somewhat
flexible.
3. The chin strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s head.
4. The brim redirects the direction of the falling object.
Characteristics of a Good Quality Hard Hat
HARD HAT must be able to absorb the shock of the blow from falling
objects, be able to resist penetration from sharp objects and must be a
good insulator against electrical hazards.
Additional characteristics of a hard hat is its ability for low water
absorption and slow flammability rate of the shell.
Classes of Safety Helmets
(ANSI Z89.1 – 1986)
Class “A” - general service, limited voltage protection
Class “B” – utility service, high voltage protection
Class “C” – special service, no voltage protection
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Eye
Eye &
& Face
Face Protection
Protection
Protective eye and face equipment shall be required where there is a
reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment.
Occupational Eye and Face Hazards
1. Large flying particles and fragments from operations such as caulking,
chiseling, coarse grinding, hammering, metal working and riveting.
2. Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles from woodworking, light
grinding, sanding, metal working, spot welding, scaling, and paint
spraying.
3. Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints.
4. Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending, electric welding, and
oxyacetylene welding and cutting.
Effects of Occupational Eye and Face Hazards
EFFECTS
1. Permanent loss of vision
2. Temporary loss of vision
3. Inflamed eyes
4. Skin Burns
5. Lacerations
6. Fractures
7. Broken Teeth
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Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1 – 1989)
1. Safety Spectacles
2. Eye Goggles
3. Face Shields
Safety Spectacles or Glasses are primary protective devices intended to shield
the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation
hazards.
Goggles are primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately
surrounding the eyes.
Face Shield is a protective device intended to shield the wearer’s face, or
portions thereof from striking objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.
Use of Eye and Face Protections
"A a general rule, face shields should be
worn over suitable basic eye protection."
- National Safety Council
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Hearing Protection
When Should You Wear a
Hearing Protection Device?
You should wear a hearing protection device
whenever you are exposed to noise that is 90
decibels or greater for an 8-hour period of time.
A hearing protection device is anything that can be worn to reduce
the level of sound entering the ear.
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Permissible Noise Exposures
Duration per day, Sound level dB slow
hours response
8 90
6 92
4 95
3 97
2 100
1½ 102
1 105
½ 110
¼ or less 115
Approximate Decibel Level
Decibels (dB) Examples
0 The quietest sound you can hear
30 Whisper, quiet library
60 Normal conversation, sewing machine, typewriter
70-80 Television, city street noise, police whistle
90 Lawnmower, shop tools, truck traffic, an electric
motor, Car horn at 5 meters distance
(8 hours per day is the maximum exposure)
100-110 Chainsaw, pneumatic drill, close to a moving
train, spray painting
115 Sandblasting, loud rock concert, auto horn at
close distance
140 Gun muzzle blast, jet engine
(causes pain)
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ARM’S LENGTH RULE
n “If two people (with no hearing
impairment) have to raise their voices or
shout to be heard in a distance of less
than an arm’s length from each other,
the sound level is potentially
hazardous.”
blah, blah, blah…
Types of Hearing Protectors
Earplugs
Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to
block out noise. To work effectively, they
should fit snugly into the ear canal.
Earmuffs
A device composed of a headband with
two cushioned ear cups that form a seal
around the outer ear, covering it
completely and blocking out the noise.
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RESPIRATORY HAZARDS
<Acids/Mists
<Solvents/Vapors
<Gases / Smoke
<Dusts/Particulates
<Heavy Metals/Fumes
FILTRATION RESPIRATORS or Mechanical
Respirators screen out dust and some form of
mist. Such Filters need to be replaced at
frequent intervals.
CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE DEVICES
remove contaminants by passing the tainted
air through material that traps the harmful
portions. There are specific cartridges for
specific contaminants.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Supply air from an air tank is strapped at the person’s back.
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Hand and Arm Hazards
• 1. Temperature extremes
• 2. Chemical exposures and splashes
• 3. Sharp objects
• 4. Fire
• 5. Abrasive materials
• 6. Live Electrical Conductors
Common Hand & Arm Injury
• Burns
• Bruises
• Abrasions
• Cuts
• Punctures
• Fractures
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Different kinds of gloves
Metal-meshed gloves resist sharp edges and prevent cuts
Leather gloves shield your hands from rough surfaces and heat
Vinyl & neoprene gloves protect your hands against toxic
chemicals
Rubber gloves protect you when working around electricity.
Welder’s gloves protect your hands from heat and flames
Latex disposable gloves are used to protect your hands
from germs and bacteria
Lead-lined gloves are used to protect your hands from
radiation sources.
Cotton gloves help grasp slippery objects and protect
against slivers, dirt,, moderate heat or cold.
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Foot and Leg Protection
Hazards:
ß Falling or rolling objects
ß Sharp objects
ß Live Electrical conductors
ß Hot surfaces
ß Wet, slippery surfaces
Common Foot and Leg Injury
• Fractures
• Punctures
• Burns
• Cuts
• Amputations
• Electrocution
Safety Shoes Classification
(ANSI Z41 – 1999)
Heavy Duty or Class 75
Medium Duty or Class 50
Light Duty or Class 30
Electrical Properties of Safety Shoes
ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATING footwear conducts static
electricity to floors that are grounded.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE footwear are insulated with tough
rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity.
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FALL PROTECTION
EQUIPMENT
Fall Restraint Systems
Fall Arrest System
Fall Restraint Systems
Travel Restraint System – is an assembly
composed of body belt and proper
accessories that prevent a worker from
traveling to an edge where the occurrence
of a fall may happen.
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Fall Arrest System
Fall arrest system are designed to
minimize stress forces on an
employee's body in the event of a fall,
while providing sufficient freedom of
movement to allow work to be
performed.
components of the personal
fall arrest system
Rope/Lanyard
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Full-Body Harness
It consists of straps passed
over the shoulders, across
the chest, and around the
legs. In a fall, a full body
harness protects you more
than a safety belt, because it
distributes the force of
impact over a greater area
of your body.
Resistance of employees
to PPE
nDiscomfort
nInaccurate risk perception
nLack of education and training
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LIMITATIONS OF PPE
1. The hazard still exists.
2. A defective PPE offers no protection
3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard.
4. Most PPE are not for continuous use.
5. Improper wearing may not give maximum
protection.
6. It may transfer hazard to another location.
OSHS
RULE 1080:
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & DEVICES
1081 General Provisions:
1081.01 Every Employer:
1) Shall at his own expense furnish his workers with
protective equipment for the eyes, face, hands and feet,
protective shields and barriers whenever necessary by
reason of the hazardous nature of the process or
environment, chemical or radiological or other mechanical
irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or
impairment in the function of any part of the body through
absorption, inhalation or physical contact.
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1081.02
All protective equipment shall be of approved design and construction
appropriate for the exposure and the work to be performed.
1081.03
The employer shall be responsible for the adequacy and proper
maintenance of personal protective equipment used in his workplace.
1081.04
No person shall be subjected or exposed to hazardous environmental
condition without protection.
Summary
• Assess the workplace for hazards
• Use engineering and work practice controls to
eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE
• Select appropriate and approved PPE to protect
employees from hazards that cannot be
eliminated
• Inform employees why the PPE is necessary,
how and when it must be worn
• Train employees how to use and care for their
PPE, including how to recognize deterioration
and failure
• Require employees to wear selected PPE
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