Section 1

Speech Intonation (Types and uses)

1.1) Introduction

The meaning of intonation is the way your voice's pitch goes up and down as you
speak or recite something by singing It. (Intonation. (n.d.). In YourDictionary)
An example of intonation is the way your voice raises in pitch at the end of a
question. Another definition of intonation in English is the pitch and the use of
rhythm in speech. The pitch and the rhythm start to add feeling and intention,
because the meaning is really revealed in the language that we are using and the
construction of our sentences.

Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. The three main
patterns of intonation in English are: falling intonation, rising intonation and fall-
rise intonation (English Grammar Today - Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). Intonation
is created by changes in the pitch of the voice.
The voice goes higher and lower remains on the same level; rises or falls, by
sentence stress (strong stress on important words; poor stress or no stress on less
important words) [3] and by rhythm (stressed syllables occur at more or less
equal intervals). (Useful English: Intonation and Tones, 2020)
Falling intonation describes how the voice falls on the final stressed syllable of a
phrase or a group of words. A falling intonation is very common in wh-questions
(Meljovikj , 2019). When we say something definite, we also use falling
intonation, or when we want to be quite specific about something.
Falling intonation is when the words progressively fall in tone (or musical note) in
a sentence almost in a stepwise way (Danwyn ,2019).

English rising intonation is a rather complicated phenomenon . It may convey

various emotions such as non-finality, incompleteness, query, uncertainty, doubt,
reluctance, curiosity, request and suggestion, courtesy, willingness to continue
the conversation, lack of trust and even insecurity (Carolina, 2020).
Rising intonation in English is very different from rising intonation in another
languages for instance Russian, the final rise in English general questions first goes
down a little and then up, but not as high as the rise in Russian questions
(Intonation (linguistics), 2020) .
According to (Danwyn ,2019) Using rising intonation incorrectly can indicate that
you are unsure of yourself, in a heightened emotional state, or wanting the
listener to clarify what you are saying .
When asking some kind of question, many non-native speakers have been taught
to use rising intonation, but this is not correct as English speakers only use rising
tone for questions with a yes/no answer!  The rising tone intonation pattern is
only used for: Fall-rise intonation describes how the voice falls and then rises. We
use fall-rise intonation at the end of statements when we want to say that we are
not sure, or when we may have more to add. In English sentences, mixed
intonation performs many purposes including; giving a choice of two (high to low
intonation) e.g. black or white? List items (ascending gradually then falling to the
last word) e.g. milk, bread, butter and cheese. (Danwyn 2019 )

In English, we have four kinds of intonation patterns: (1) falling, (2) rising, (3)
non-final, and (4) wavering intonation. This study elaborates on all four aspects of
these types of intonation in the English language, and when we use them and how.
we start by examining the different ways phoneticians have interpreted the pitch
patterns they find in the laboratory and field (Section 2).

Then the study will display descriptions of rising and falling, and their uses, in
addition of that, it will use many examples of how the types of intonation applies
to varieties of aspects (Sections 3,4,). In (section 5) this study will also describe the
two other kinds of intonation and their uses.

1.2) Purpose of the study

This study aims to provide the meaning, types of intonation and their uses. We
know that lack of balance between intonation and word content may serve special
speech effects, hens we will consider four types of intonation in the English
language and their uses with examples.

Literature review

Intonation is the melody of the sentence. According to Nolan the term intonation
implies for conveying information in speech which is independent of the words
and their sounds. (Nolan, 2008).

Furthermore, Zulfugarova points out that Intonation is concerned with how we are
saying things, rather than what we are saying. Without intonation, it's very difficult
if not impossible to grasp the feelings and meanings that come with words
However, learners are often so busy finding their words that intonation suffers.
(Zulfugarova R. 2018).

One of the foremost difficult tasks for non-natives to learn is the intonation, i.e. the
stress patterns and melody of English. If the emphasis or stress on terms and
phrases is incorrect, an unintelligible message may be produced entirely. However,
mastering intonation and knowing when should rise or fall your voice will greatly
benefit the non-native speaker’s intelligibility in conversation.

While intonation is primarily a matter of pitch variation, it is important to be aware

the functions assigned to intonation such as the expression of attitudes and
emotions, or highlighting aspects of grammatical structure.

(Geikhman, 2016) simply refers to intonation as the music of languages, and you
probably don't even think about it when you speak your native language. Intonation
is the rise and fall of your voice as you speak. It's just as necessary, many times, as
your words to convey what you want to say.

That's why when you're learning English, you shouldn't only learn what to say, but
you should also learn how to say it.

in order to use intonation properly, the learner must take a deep dive into the types
of intonation and their uses, English has four types and this study will concentrate
on Intonation types and their uses

if we had no intonation , our speech would be in the literal sense of the word
monotonous. Either it would all remain on one pitch throughout. Or every
utterance
would employ exactly the same stereotype tune at all times. But student do neither
of these things they make the pitch of their voice rise. Fall .jump and swoop. In all
sorts of different ways

You're going. (statement)

You're going ? (question)