Heart Failure – Epidemiology Symptoms & Risk
Generals, Risks Factors
& Treatments Symptoms of Heart Failure
What is heart failure?
Heart failure is a
pathophysiological state in
which an abnormality in cardiac
function results in the failure of
the heart to pump blood under
normal cardiac pressures at a
rate that meets the requirements
of metabolozing tissues
Risk Factors
Anatomy
Screening & Treatment Pathophysiology
Diagnosis The pathophysiology of a heart failure can
show changes at the genetic and molecular
Screening levels as well as in the cell structure.
Medical history : family story
Pathologists can detect abnormalities such as
symptoms of congestion,
hypoperfusion sarcomere depletion, glycogen deposition,
myofibril dysfunction and prolongation of
Physical examination:
assessment of vital signs, presence of action potentials. Additionally altered stress
congestion, assess cardiac output responses, apoptosis and autophagy might
Laboratory evaluation : Pharmacological Therapy be involved in a propagating heart failure.
assessment of renal function, RAAS inhibitors, Beta-adrenergic
measurement of serum potassium system modulation
level, Measure of cholesterol and ACE inhibitor
glucose in blood Laboratory Results -
Angiotensin receptor blocker
level of natriuretic peptides Diuretics Biomarkers
Statins NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro brain
Diagnosis Anti-arrhythmia natriuretic peptide)
Transthoracic echocardiography
(TTE) Cardiac peptide hormone
Medical Support
Blood-Test & Chest X-ray Implanted Devices Build in atrium and left ventricle
Electrocardiogram (ECG) ICDs Released if the myokard is
Echocardiogram LVAD stretched due to hemodynamic
Nuclear Stress test Surgery overexertion
Cardiac computerized tomography Heart transplantation Vessels extend, is inhibiting
(CT) scan Angioplasty Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) / Coronary Bypass Surgery
PET imaging system
Heart Valve Replacement Creatine Kinase (CK)
Cardiac magnetic resonance
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing !Exercise and Eat right! CK-myocardial band (MB)
Coronary angiogram) Myoglobin
Myocardial biopsy Cardiac Troponins (cTn)
Aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT)
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
