University of science and technology d`Oran Mohamed

Boudiaf
Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering

.Presentation Of Stairs.

LEVEL: L1 in Civil Engineering.

 Group member :
 MORI Nesrine .

SchoolYear : 2018 / 2019

 Contents

 Introduction.
 Technical Terms.
 Requirements of good staircase.
 Dimensions of steps.
 Types of Steps.
 Classification of Staircase.

I- Introduction :
Going up or down stairs are instinctive gestures, which we do not
even think about when we need to move from one level to another. Whether in a
building or a spice for public circulation naturally, easing people’s physical
effort since ancient times. They are essential for any construction, not only as a
way to mediate between two levels, but also to facilitate the access within a
building. Beyond functional considerations, stairs correspond as well to an
aesthetic need or to resistance to traffic, Which gave birth to a complex of
structural factors that vary from one space to another.

II- Technical Terms :

o STEP:- It is a portion of stair which permits ascent or descent.

A stair is composed of a set of steps.
o TREAD:- It is a upper horizontal portion of a step upon which
foot is placed while ascending or descending.
o RISER:- It is a vertical portion of a step providing support to
the tread.
o LANDING:- It is a level platform at the top or bottom of a
flight between the floors.
o FLIGHT:- This is unbroken series of steps between landing.
o RISE:- It is a vertical distance between two successive tread
faces.
o GOING:- It is a horizontal distance between two successive trad
faces.
o NOSING:- It is the projecting part of the tread beyond the face
of riser.
o SCOTIA:- It is a molding provided under the nosing to provide
strength to nosing.
o SOFFIT:- It is the underside of a stair.
o PITCH OR SLOPE:- It is the angle which the line of nosing of
the stair makes with the horizontal.
o STRINGS OR STRINGERS:- These are the slopping members
which support the steps in a stair.
 o NEWEL POST :- Newel post is a vertical member which is
placed at the ends of flight to connects the ends of strings and
hand rail.
o BALUSTER:- It is a vertical member of wood or metal,
supporting the hand rail .
o HEAD ROOM:- It is the clear vertical distance between the
tread and overload structure.

III- Requirements of good staircase :

 o Location

a) They should be located near the main entrance to

the building.
b) There should be easy access from all the rooms
without disturbing the privacy of the rooms.
c) There should be spacious approach.
d) Good light and ventilation should be available.

o Width of stair
a) It should be wide enough to carry the user without
much crowd on inconvenience.
b) In residential building, a 90 cm wide stair is sufficient
while in public 1.5 to 1.8 m width may required.

o Length of flight

a) The number of steps should not be more than 12 &

less than 3 from comfort point of view.

o Pitch of stair

a) Pitch should be limited to 30°to 45°.

 o Head Room

a) Height of head room should not be less than 1.2 to

2.3 m.
o Balustrade
a) Stair should always provided with balustrade.

o Step dimension

a) The rise and going should be of such dimensions as to

provide comfort to users.
b) The going should not be less than 25 cm, though 30 cm
going is quite comfortable.
c) The rise should be between 10 to 15 cm.
d) The width of landing should not be less than width of
stair.

o Material Of Construction

a) The material should have fire resistance and sufficient

strong.
 IV- Thumb Rules For Dimensions Of Stair :
a) (2 X Rise in cm ) + ( Going in cm ) = 60
b) (Rise in cm ) + ( Going in cm ) = 40 to 45
c) ( Rise in cm ) X ( Going in cm ) = 400 to 450
V- Types of Steps (for construction of staircase) :

FLIER:- Flier is an
ordinary step of uniform
width and rectangular
shape as shown in figure.
Splayed Step:-Splayed step is
also provided at the
beginning of the flight with
its end near the newel post as
shown in figure.
Bullnose Step:-
Bullnose step is
generally provided at
the bottom of the flight.
it usually projects in
front of the newel post
and it ends near the
newel forming the
quadrant of a circle as
shown in figure.

Round ended step:- Round ended

step is similar to the bullnose
step the only difference is it has
semi-circular and which project
out of the stringer as shown in
figure.
Commode Step:-Commode step is
also provided at the beginning of
the flight, it has curved tread and
riser as shown in figure.

Dancing Step Or
Balancing Step:- Dancing
or Balancing steps are
those which do not radiate
from a common centre as
shown in figure.

Winder:- Winders are tapering

steps which radiates from a point
usually situated at the centre of
newel as shown in figure.
VI- Classification Of Staircase :
Straight staircase
o Turning Staircase
 Quarter Turn
 Half Turn (Dog-Legged & Open Well
Staircase )
 Three-Quarter Turn Staircase.
 Bifurcated Staircase
o Continuous Staircase
 Circular Staircase
 Spiral Staircase
 Helical Staircase

 Straight Staircase !
o If the space available for stair case is narrow
and long, straight stairs may be provided.
o Such stairs are commonly used to give access to
porch or as emergency exits to cinema halls.
o In this type all steps are in one direction .
o They may be provided in single flight flight or
two flights with landing between the two
flights .

Straight
Staircase
 Quarter-Turn Staircase

 Dog-Legged Staircase !
o It consists of two straight flights with 180° turn
between the two .
o They are very commonly used to give access
from floor to floor .
o Photograph shows the arrangement of steps in
such stairs .
 Dog-Legged
Staircase

 Open well Or newel

staircase !
o It differs from dog legged stairs such that in
this case there is 0.15 m to 1.0 m gap
between the two adjacent flights.
 Open Well Or
Newel Staircase

 Geometrical Staircase !
o This type of stair is similar to th open newel
stair except that well formed between the two
adjacent flights is curved.
o The hand rail provided is continuous.
 Geometrical
Staircase
  Bifurcated Staircase !
o Apart from dog legged and open newel type
turns, stairs may turn in various forms.
o They depend upon the available space for stairs.
Quarter turned, half turned with few steps in
between and bifurcated stairs are some of such
turned stairs.
o Figure shows a bifurcated stair.

Bifurcated Staircase
 Spiral Staircase !
o These stairs are commonly used as emergency
exits.
o It consists of a central post supporting a series of
steps arranged in the form of a spiral.
o At the end of steps continuous hand rail is
provided.
o Such stairs are provided where space available
for stairs is very much limited.
o Figure shows a typical spiral stair. Cast iron,steel
R.C.C. is used for building these stairs.
 Spiral Staircase

 Materials used In Construction of staircase !

 Timber
 Metal
 R.C.C.
 Stone
 Glass
Timber Staircase Metal Staircase

R.C.C Staircase
Stone Staircase

Glass Staircase
+ We have an Escalator !