UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DEL SUROESTE DE GUANAJUATO

OBED ARMANDO CABRERA YBARRA.

“10-C” M Y M.

THEACHER
FRANCISCO MENDOZA.

ENGLISH

ACTIVITYES

10, September, 2020.

SIGNITURE Q.
Simple present
The "simple present" is used:
To express habits and routines, general facts, repeated actions or permanent situations, emotions
and desires:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (permanence); London is a large city (general fact)
To give instructions or directions:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
To talk about scheduled, present or future events:
Your exam starts at 09.00.
To refer to the future, behind some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.
Watch out! The "simple present" is not used to talk about what is happening at the moment.
Examples
Habits and routines Instructions or indications
He drinks tea at breakfast. Open the packet and pour the contents into hot
She only eats fish. water.
They watch television regularly. You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the
Repeated events and actions No.10 to Bedford.
We catch the bus every morning. Scheduled events
It rains every afternoon in the hot season. His mother arrives tomorrow.
They drive to Monaco every summer. Our holiday starts on the 26th March
General facts Future constructions
Water freezes at zero degrees. She'll see you before she leaves.
The Earth revolves around the Sun. We'll give it to her when she arrives.
Her mother is Peruvian.
Formation of the "simple present": to think
Affirmative Interrogative Negative
I think Do I think? I do not think
You think Do you think? You do not think
He thinks Does he think? He does not think
She thinks Does she think? She does not think
It thinks Does it think? It does not think
We think Do we think? We do not think.
They think Do they think? They do not think.
Notes on the third person singular of the "simple present"
In the third person singular, the verb always ends in -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
For the negative and interrogative forms, DOES (= third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of
the verb is used.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
Verbs ending in -y: in the third person singular, change the -y to -ies:
fly -> flies, cry -> cries
Exception: when a vowel precedes the -y:
play -> plays, pray -> prays
We add -es to the verbs that end in: -ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes
Examples
He goes to school every morning.
She understands English.
It mixes the sand and the water.
He tries very hard.
She enjoys playing the piano.
Present continuos
Formation of the "present continuous"
The "present continuous" of any verb is made up of two parts: the present of the verb to be + the
"present participle" of the main verb.

(To form the "present participle": root + ing, e.g. talking, playing, moving, smiling)

Affirmative
Subject + to be + root + ing
She is talking.
Negative
Subject + to be + not + root + ing
She is not (isn't) talking
Interrogative
to be + subject + root + ing
Is she talking?
Examples: TO GO, "present continuous"
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am going I am not going Am I going?
You are going You aren't going. Are you going?
He, she, it is going He, she, it isn't going Is he, she, it going?
We are going We aren't going Are we going?
You are going You aren't going Are you going?
They are going They aren't going Are they going?
Note: contractions of the negative forms: I'm not going, you're not going, he's not going etc.

Functions of the "present continuous"

As with all verb tenses in English, the attitude of the speaker is as important as when the action or
event occurs. By using the "present continuous", we are referring to something that has not finished
or is incomplete

The "present continuous" is used:

to describe an action that is currently taking place: You are using the Internet. You are studying
English grammar.
to describe a trend or action that is currently happening: Are you still working for the same company?
More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
to describe a future action or event that is already scheduled: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm
meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
to describe a temporary situation or event: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar
tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.
with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasize a succession of repeated actions: Harry
and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!
WATCH OUT! There are some verbs that do not usually use the progressive form
Verbs that do not usually use the progressive form
The verbs in the following list often use the simple form because they refer to states, rather than
actions or processes.

Sensation / Perception to feel (= to think)

to feel * to find (= consider)
to hear to suppose
to see * to think *
to smell mind States
to taste to forget
Opinion to imagine
to assume to know
to believe to mean
to consider to notice
to doubt to recognize
to remember
to understand
Emotions / wishes
to envy
to fear
to dislike
to hate
to hope
to like
to love
to mind
to prefer
to regret
to want
to wish
Measurements
to contain
to cost
to hold
to measure
to weigh
Others
to look (= to look like)
to seem
to be (in most cases)
to have (when it means "possess") *
Exceptions
The verbs of sensation and perception (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can
see ... They can take the progressive form but, in this case, their meaning usually varies.

This coat feels nice and warm. (perception of the qualities of the coat)
John's feeling much better now (in better health)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (is taking)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (we intend to meet)

Present perfect
Formation of the "present perfect"
The "present perfect" of any verb is made up of two elements: the appropriate form of the auxiliary
verb to have (in the present) and the "past participle" of the main verb. The "past participle" form of a
regular verb is root + ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked.

Affirmative
Subject + to have + past participle
She has visited.
Negative
Subject + to have + not + past participle
She has not (hasn't) visited.
Interrogative
to have + subject + past participle
Have you visited?
Negative question
to have + not + subject + past participle
Hasn't she visited?
To Walk, "present perfect"
Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?
You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?
He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?
We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?
You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?
They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?
Functions of the "present perfect"
The "present perfect" is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time in which
the action takes place is prior to the present but unspecific and, often, there is a greater interest in the
result than in the action itself.

WATCH OUT! It may be that, in your language, there is a tense with a similar structure but it is likely
that its meaning is NOT the same.
The "present perfect" is used to describe
An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Bristol since
1984 (= I still live there.)
An action carried out during a period of time not yet concluded. Shehas beento the cinema twice this
week (= the week is not over yet.)
A repeated action in a non-specific time period between the past and the present. We have visited
Portugal several times.
An action that has ended in the very recent past, which is indicated by 'just'. I have just finished my
work.
An action for which the precise moment in which it occurred is not important. He has read 'War and
Peace'. (= what is relevant is the result of the action)
Note: When we want to give or ask for information about when, where or who, we use the "simple
past". See how to choose between "simple past" and "present perfect".

Actions initiated in the past and continuing in the present

They haven't lived here for years.
She has worked in the bank for five years.
We have had the same car for ten years.
Have you played the piano since you were a child?
When referring to an unfinished time period
I have worked hard this week.
It has rained a lot this year.
We haven't seen her today.
Repeated actions in a non-specific period, between the past and the present.
They have seen that film six times
It has happened several times already.
She has visited them frequently.
We have eaten at that restaurant many times.
Actions completed in the very recent past (+ just)
Have you just finished work?
I have just eaten.
We have just seen her.
Has he just left?
When the time dimension is not relevant or known
Someone has eaten my soup!
Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?
She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English.
Present perfect continuos
Formation of the "present perfect continuous"
The "present perfect continuous" consists of two elements: the "present perfect" of the verb 'to be'
(have / has been) and the "present participle" of the main verb (root + ing)

Subject + has / have been + root + ing

She has been swimming
Affirmative: She has been / She's been running.
Negative: She hasn't been running.
Question: Has she been running?
Negative question: Hasn't she been running?

Example: "present perfect continuous", to live

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have been living I haven't been living Have I been living?
You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?
He, she, it has been living He hasn't been living Has she been living?
We have been living We haven't been living Have we been living?
You have been living You haven't been living Have you been living?
They have been living They haven't been living Have they been living?
Functions of the "present perfect continuous"
The "present perfect continuous" refers to a non-specific time period between the past and the
present. The speaker refers to something that started and may not have finished in that period of
time. You are interested in both the process and the result, and the process may just or may not be
finished yet.

Actions that started in the past and continue to occur in the present
She has been waiting for you all day (= still waiting).
I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (= I haven't finished it yet).
They have been traveling since last October (= they have not returned yet).

Actions that have just concluded and of which we are interested in their results
She has been cooking since last night (= and the prepared food looks delicious).
It's been raining (= and the streets are still wet).
Someone's been eating my chips (= half left).

Verbs without progressive forms

With verbs that do not usually use the progressive form, we use the "present perfect". For example:
I've wanted to visit China for years.
She's known Robert since she was a child.
I've hated that music since I first heard it.
I've heard a lot about you recently.
We've understood everything.
We've heard this morning.
Parts of speech
Traditional grammar classifies all English words into 8 different categories for the purpose of studying
them. This classification is known as the parts of speech, in English, parts of speech.

Each word is part of at least one part of speech. The same word can belong to more than one
category depending on its place in the sentence. For example: in he ran fast, fast is an adverb and in
he is a fast runner, fast is an adjective. Words in Spanish are also divided into parts of speech and
their categories largely coincide with those of English.

The 8 traditional parts of speech

Noun - (name)
Pronoun - (pronoun)
Verb - (verb)
Adjective - (adjective)
Adverb - (adverb)
Preposition - (preposition)
Conjunction - (conunction)
Interjection - (interjection)

Noun (or noun) (noun or name)

Definition

A noun or noun is a word used to name a person, animal, or thing.

information

They can be preceded by an adjective: big, cheap, yellow ... (big, cheap, yellow) or a determinant:
the, every, your ... (el, todo, tu).
They can be flexed according to their number (in Spanish names are flexed in gender and number).
Examples

Solos: dog, chair, pencil, map, square, concept ... (dog, chair, pencil, map, square, concept).
Preceded by an adjective or a determinant: the dog, every map, a yellow square, the main concept ..
(the dog, every map, a yellow square, the main concept).
cat (singular), cats (plural)

Definition

A word that stands in for a noun or noun phrase.

information

They work very similar to names.

They cannot flex.
Pronouns types
Reflexive pronouns - myself, yourself ...
Accusative Pronouns (Object pronouns) - me, him, her ...
Subject pronouns - I, you, he ..
Possessive adjectives - my, your, his ...
Possessive pronouns - mine, yours, his ...
Reciprocal pronouns - each other, one another
Relative pronouns - that, who, whose ...
Indefinite pronouns - anyone, someone ...

Verb (verb)
Definition

A verb is a word or group of words that describe an action, experience, or state.

Information
They are flexed to indicate the verb tense. They can be regular verbs or irregular verbs.
The presence of at least one verb is necessary in every sentence.
There are two types of verbs: main verbs (main verbs), auxiliary verbs (auxiliary verbs).

Main verbs: They are the core of the verb phrase or verb phrase. Eg: jump, run, believe, love, learn ...
(jump, run, believe, love, learn)
Auxiliary verbs. They accompany the main verbs and modify their meaning. Ex: can jump, should run,
have believed ... (to be able to jump, to run, to have believed)
There are two classes:

Modals or modal verbs - can, may, must, should, will ...

No modales or non modals - be, have, do, use

Adjective (adjective)
Definition
A word that describes a noun or a pronoun.
Information

They are flexed or used modifiers to indicate the degree (very, a little, quite ...).
They can come in three forms: uninflected, comparative, and superlative.
Examples

Without flexing: big, small, beautiful, special, smart ... (big, small, beautiful, special, intelligent).
Comparative, add -er: bigger, smaller ... (bigger than .., smaller than ..) Ex: John is smaller than Paul
(John is smaller than Paul).
Superlative, -est is added: hottest, smartest (The hottest, the smartest). Ex: María is the smartest girl
in class. (Maria is the smartest girl in the class).

Adverb (adverb)
Definition
A word that modifies the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or an entire sentence.

Types of adverbs according to the characteristics of the word

They can be complex, compound or simple.

Many of them (complexes) are formed by adding the ending -ly to an adjective, which is equivalent to
the ending -mente in Spanish. Eg: quickly, strongly, happily (quickly, strongly, happily).
Examples

Complexes: The suffix -ly is added. Ex: Sincerely, heavily, specially ... (sincerely, heavily, especially).
Compounds: They result from joining several words. There are few cases. Ex: Nevertheless,
downstairs ... (however, going down the stairs).
Simple: A single word without suffixes. Ex: Already, how, when, soon, since ... (already, how, when,
soon, since).
Types of adverbs according to their function in the sentence
Time Adverbs - (Adverbs of time)
Place Adverbs - (Adverbs of place)
Manner Adverbs - (Adverbs of manner)
Degree Adverbs - (Degree Adverbs)
Focusing Adverbs- (Adverbs of focus)
Evaluative Adverbs - (Evaluative Adverbs)
Linking or Conjunctive Adverbs - (Conjunctive Adverbs)

Conjunctions
Definition
Words like "and" that serve to join two words, groups, or syntactically equivalent sentences.

Information
They do not flex.
There are two types: coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.
Coordinating: They serve to join two equivalent sentences within a sentence. Mainly and, or, but,
(and, or, but). Eg: "Mary eats and Paul sleeps", (Mary eats and Paul sleeps).
Subordinating: They join two sentences, one of which depends on the other. Some are: after, as,
before, since, until ... (after, as, before, from, to). Ex: "Tom called after the party had finished" (Tom
called after the party had finished).

Prepositions (prepositions)
Definition
A word that is placed before a noun, pronoun, or gerund to indicate place, time, address, etc.

Information
They do not flex.
They serve to unite several simple sentences allowing the formation of subordinate sentences.
Simple: Eg: in, by, under, of ....
Complex: They result from joining several words, at least one of them being a preposition. Eg:
because of, in spite of, with reference to ... (due to, in spite of, with reference to).
Interjection
Definition
A word or phrase that serves to express an emotion of pleasure, pain, surprise, etc. It is usually
accompanied by an exclamation point.

Information
They do not flex.
It does not need to be part of a sentence.
Examples: Yeah !, woo hoo !, yee-haw !, Whoa !, bam !, Huh ?, Boo!