Introduction to Computing Output Operation
-represents results from the operations of central
processing unit CPU
What is Computer?
-an electronic machine that can store and process
information
-defined as stored program digital computing system
-an electronic device of wires, transistors, circuits,
instructions, and data can transmit, store and
manipulate information
-a machine that accepts data and processes that data.
The information is processed by a central processing
unit (CPU) or stored in a storage unit i.e. Hard Disk and
then processed.
History of Computer
First Generation: 1937-1946
1937: the first electronic digital computer was built by
Dr. John V. Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. It was called
the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC).
1943: an electronic computer name the Colossus was
built for the military
1946: the first general– purpose digital computer, the
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)
was built.
Computers of this generation could only perform a
single task, and they had no operating system.
Second Generation: 1947-1962
Input Operation 1951: the first computer for commercial use was
-receives information from users introduced to the public; the Universal Automatic
-user enters information using input devices like Computer (UNIVAC 1)
keyboard, mouse or any other devices 1953: the International Business Machine (IBM) 650 and
700 series computers made their mark in the computer
world.
Storage Operation
-The given information stored in a computer using the
different storage devices i.e. central process unit and During this generation of computers over 100
auxiliary memory computer programming languages were developed,
Example: Floppy, Hard Disk, Compact Disk and Flash computers had memory and operating systems.
Drive
Storage media such as tape and disk were in use also
were printers for output.
Processing Operation
Third Generation: 1963-Present
-executes the instructions, control storage data and
1980: Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-Dos) was
input or output devices attached the computer
born
-considered the basic computing operation
1981: IBM introduced the personal computer (PC) for
home and office use
Three years later Apple gave us the Macintosh faster than a mainframe
computer with its icon-driven interface and the 90s
gave us Windows operating system.
Mainframe Computer
-very large and expensive computer that is capable of
supporting hundreds or even thousands of users
Classifications of Computer
simultaneously
Mini Computer
ANALOG COMPUTERS
-a minicomputer is a multiprocessing system capable of
-accepts analog input and provides analog output
supporting from 4 to about 200 users simultaneously
information
-midsized computer called minicomputers lie between
-represents physical quantities like acceleration,
workstations and mainframes
temperature, distance or voltages in mechanical or
-the difference between large minicomputers and small
electrical circuits
mainframes has blurred, however, as has the distinction
-does not need any storage device
between small minicomputers and workstations
Micro/Personal Computer
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Desktop Computer: a personal or micro-mini computer
-accepts digital input and provides digital output after
sufficient to fit on a desk
processing information and the operation are in a
Laptop Computer: .it is generally smaller in size than a
binary system of 0 and 1.
desktop computer and larger than a notebook
-by manipulating the binary digits and numbers it can
computer
perform any task like analyze data
Laptop Computer/Digital Diary /Notebook /PDAs: a
hand sized computer. Palmtops have no keyboard but
the screen serves both as an input and output device. It
HYBRID COMPUTERS is a terminal or desktop computer in a network
-the combination of both analog and digital computers
in terms of speed and accuracy
-can measure physical and digital quantities. Components of a Computer
Types of Computer software components of a computer system are the
data and the computer programs
Super Computer
-fastest and most powerful type of computer hardware components of a computer system are the
-very expensive and are employed for specialized electronic and mechanical parts
applications that require immense amounts of
Software
mathematical calculations.
-Information stored on computer hardware
Other uses of supercomputers:
animated graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear Hardware
energy research, and petroleum exploration -refers to any part that is tangible (Touchable, Physical)
Difference of Super Computer and MainFrame PROCESSOR INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES
Computer:
MAIN MEMORY SLOTS
- supercomputer channels all its power into executing
a few programs as fast as possible, whereas a SECONDARY MEMORY PORTS
mainframe uses its power to execute many programs
concurrently. BUSES
-mainframes are more powerful than supercomputers
because they support more simultaneous programs.
But supercomputers can execute a single program
Examples: Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, and iWork,
Dreamweaver9.0.
Special Purpose Application Software:
-designed for a specialized assignment and output
useful information
Internal devices that connect to the motherboard Examples: Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw, and
include: AutoCAD
• The microprocessor (CPU)
• Disk drive
• Random access memory (memory modules)
• Power supply unit (PSU)
External peripherals that connect to the motherboard
include:
• Monitor
• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Printer
Computer Software
-refers to the instructions, programs, data, and
protocols which run on hardware
-divided into two major categories: System Software
and Application Software
SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
-commonly known as an operating system (OS)
-system manages other software and devices inside the
computer.
Three popular operating systems for traditional
computers: Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.
Popular mobile operating systems: Android OS, iPhone
OS, Windows Phone OS, and Firefox OS
APPLICATION SOFTWARE:
-is designed for end users
-meant to perform a specialized assignment and output
useful information
GENERAL PURPOSEAPPLICATION SOFTWARE:
-A collection of application software can come in a
package that is commonly known as a software suite
-A typical suite includes software for word processing,
presentations, graphic design, and spreadsheets.
