genderi da politika

masala moamzada lela xomerikma

qalTa monawileoba politikaSi, qalTa warmomadgenloba

saxelmwifo struqturebSi sxvadasxva doneze, qalTa politikaSi
winsvlis Semaferxebeli mizezebi.

qalTa warmomadgenloba politikaSi

miuxedavad imisa, rom bevr qveyanaSi qalma warmatebas miaRwia ganaTlebis,

samarTlis, ekonomikis, sportisa Tu xelovnebis sferoebSi, politikur arenaze
qalebi mainc cotani arian. marTalia, meoce saukunis bolosaTvis qveynebis 95%-Si
qalebs mopovebuli hqondaT saarCevno uflebebi, 1998 wlisaTvis msoflio
masStabiT qali lideri hyavda partiebis mxolod 11%-s, xolo parlamentari
qalebi msoflio parlamentarTa ricxvis 11,4%-s Seadgendnen. 2006 wlisaTvis
msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis sakanonmdeblo organoebSi qalTa ricxvma
umniSvnelod moimata da saSualod 16,3% Seadgina. 2008 wlis maisis mdgomareobiT
es maCvenebeli 18,2% Seadgenda.

sakanonmdeblo organoebSi qalTa monawileobis saSualo procentuli maCvenebeli

msoflio masStabiT 2008 wlis maisis mdgomareobiT Semdegnairia:

orive palata erTad

parlamentarTa jamuri
44'121
raodenoba
genderulad
dacalkevebuli 43'898
statistika arsebobs
kaci 35'893
qali 8'005
qalTa monawileobis % 18.2%

erTpalatiani parlamentebi da qveda

zeda palata an senati
palata
parlamentarTa jamuri
parlamentarTa jamuri 6'944
37'177 raodenoba
raodenoba
genderulad
genderulad
dacalkevebuli 6'851
dacalkevebuli 37'047
statistika arsebobs
statistika arsebobs
kaci 5'674
kaci 30'219
qali 1'177
qali 6'828
qalTa monawileobis % 17.2%
qalTa monawileobis % 18.4%
 saSualo maCvenebeli regionebis mixedviT

erpalatiani zeda orive

parlamentebi da palata an palata
qveda palatebi senati erTad
skandinaviis qveynebi
41.4% --- ---

amerika
21.6% 20.0% 21.4%

evropa – euTos wevri

qveynebi skandinaviuri 21.2% 18.8% 20.7%
qveynebis CarTviT
evropa – euTos wevri
qveynebi skandinaviuri 19.3% 18.8% 19.2%
qveynebis gamoklebiT
saharis qvemo afrika
17.2% 20.8% 17.6%

azia
18.4% 16.6% 18.2%

wynari okenis qveynebi

13.4% 31.8% 15.4%

arabuli qveynebi
9.7% 7.0% 9.1%

wyaro: parlamentTaSorisi kavSiri (The Inter-parliamentary Union),

http://www.ipu.org/wmn-e/world.htm

qalTa warmomadgenloba sakanonmdeblo organoebSi qveynebis mixedviT ix.

danarTSi.

saqarTveloSi sakanonmdeblo organoSi qalTa warmomadgenlobis suraTi

Semdegia:

arCevnebis sakanonmdeblo deputatTa deputat qalTa

TariRi organos saerTo qalTa monawileobis
dasaxeleba raodenoba raodenoba %
1919 w. damfuZnebeli 130 4 3%
kreba
1990 w. uzenaesi sabWo 250 18 7,2%
1992 w. parlamenti 222 14 6,3%
1995 w. parlamenti 250 16 6,4%
1999 w. parlamenti 235 17 7,2%
2004 w. parlamenti 235 22 9,4%
2008 w. parlamenti 150 9 6%
2001 wlis Semodgomaze nino burjanaZe gaxda saqarTvelos parlamentarizmis
istoriaSi pirveli spikeri qali. 2004-2008 wlebSi kvlav n. burjanaZe iyo
parlamentis Tavmjdomare.

aRmasrulebeli xelisufleba. 1998 wlisa da 2000 wlis mTavrobis

reorganizaciebis Sedegad or-ori ministri qali iyo mTavrobaSi. 2003 wels,
vardebis revoluciis win mTavrobaSi 18 ministridan mxolod 2 iyo qali (nino
CxobaZe, garemos dacvis ministri da sesili gogiberiZe, kulturis ministri).
vardebis revoluciis Semdeg 2004 wlis TebervalSi dakompleqtebul ministrTa
kabinetSi 4 ministri qali iyo (Tamar lebaniZe – garemos dacvis ministri, Tamar
suluxia – infrastruqturis ministri, eTer astemirova - ltolvilTa da
gansaxlebis ministri, Tamar beruCaSvili – evropasTan integraciis saxelmwifo
ministri, mogvianebiT maT daemata sagareo saqmeTa ministri – salome
zurabiSvili) da ministr qalTa ricxvma mTavrobis wevrTa 20% Seadgina, rac
saqarTvelosaTvis rekorduli maCvenebeli iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom mTavrobis
dakompleqtebisas pirvelad gaesva xazi, genderul maxasiaTebels. 2006 wlis
dasawyisisaTvis mTavrobaSi ministr qalTa ricxvi mkveTrad Semcirda da
ministris postze mxolod erTi qali darCa (samoqalaqo integraciis saxelmwifo
ministri – zinaida bestaeva). 2008 wlis seqtembris monacemebiT ministrTa
kabinetis 13 wevridan ori qalia: eka tyeSelaSvili (sagareo saqmeTa ministri) da
eka SaraSiZe (ekonomikis ministri).

qalTa monawileoba politikaSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis doneze

saqarTveloSi adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobaSi qalTa monawileobis maCveneblebi
arc ise saxarbieloa: 1998 wels Catarebuli arCevnebiT sakrebulos wevrTa Soris
qalebma mxolod 14% Seadgines.

2002 wlis arCevnebis Sedegad qalTa ricxvma sakrebuloebSi kidev ufro iklo da
pirveli donis TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi mxolod 11,9% Seadgina. adgilobriv
organoebSi qalTa monawileobis xarisxi regionebis mixedviTac gansxvavdeba.
yvelaze dabali procentia eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul raionebSi,
gansakuTrebiT iq, sadac kompaqturad cxovrobs azerbaijaneli mosaxleoba:
magaliTad, marneulSi – 1,9%, bolnisSi 4,7%.

orive arCevnebis Sedegad gamoikveTa Zalze sayuradRebo tendencia: rac ufro

msxvildeba administraciuli erTeuli, miT ufro klebulobs qalTa procenti
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebSi. 1998 wels soflis sakrebuloebSi
qalebi Seadgenden 15%-s, raionuli mniSvnelobis qalaqebsa da dabebSi – 13%-s,
raionis sakrebuloebSi 9-%-s, did qalaqebSi ki mxolod 7,4%-s. 2002 welsac didi
qalaqis sakrebuloebSi qalTa ricxvi 7%-s ar scildeboda. ukiduresad
arasaxarbielod iyvnen warmodgenili qalebi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis
xelmZRvanel poziciebze: magaliTad, 1998 wels 60 raionis sakrebulodan mxolod
erTis Tavmjdomare iyo qali (1,6%). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sadac meti Zalaufleba
da resursia, iq naklebi qalia.

2002 wels mkveTrad Semcirda qalTa warmomadgenloba raionul sakrebuloebSi,

radganac axali saarCevno kanoniT raionis sakrebulo kompleqtdeboda soflis
sakrebuloTa TavmjdomareebiT da radganac, qali praqtikulad ver xvdeba
xelmZRvanel postze, Sesabamisad, meore donis TviTmmarTvelobaSic ukiduresad
mcired iyo warmodgenili.

2006 wels TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebi axali kanoniT Catarda, romelic

TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis gamsxvilebasa da Sesabamisad, maTi ricxvis mkveTrad
Semcirebas iTvaliswinebda, ramac adgilebze politikur konkurencia gazarda da
qali kandidatebis Sansebi Seamcira. Sesabamisad, 2002 wlis arCevnebTan
SedarebiTac ki sakrebulos deputat qalTa ricxvi Semcirda da mxolod 11,4%
Seadgina.

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis 2006 არჩევნების მონაცემები

2006 წლის თვითმმართველობის არჩევნების შედეგად საკრებულოებში არჩეული იქნა 197

დეპუტატი ქალი, რამაც საკრებულოების დეპუტატთა საერთო რაოდენობის (1732 დეპუტატი)
11,4% შეადგინა. დეპუტატ ქალთა 43% (85 დეპუტატი) აირჩიეს მაჟორიტარული წესით,
შესაბამისად 57% (112 დეპუტატი) პროპორციულით.

მაჟორიტარული წესით არჩეულმა დეპუტატმა ქალებმა შეადგინეს მაჟორიტარულად არჩეულ

დეპუტატთა საერთო რაოდენობის (1052 დეპუტატი) - 8%. ხოლო პროპორციული წესით
არჩეულმა ქალებმა კი პროპორციულად არჩეულ დეპუტატთა (680 დეპუტატი) საერთო
რაოდენობის 1- 6,5%.

saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlobiT organoebSi –

sakrebuloebSi qalTa monawileobis suraTi Semdegia:

arCevnebis sakrebulo qalTa monawileobis %

TariRi

1998 w. Yyvela donis 14%

sakrebulo

soflis sakrebuloebi 15%

raionuli 13%
mniSvnelobis
qalaqebisa da dabebis
raionis 9%

qalaqebis 7,4%

2002 w. pirveli donis 11,9%

sakrebuloebSi
qalaqis 7%

2006 w. jamuri maCvenebeli 11,4%

Qqalaqis (Tbilisi, 8%
rusTavi, quTaisi,
foTi, baTumi)
politikaSi qalTa winsvlis Semaferxebeli mizezebi

wyaro: Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers, International Institute for democracy and
Electoral Assistance, 1998.

gamoyofen politikaSi qalTa rolis gazrdis xelisSemSlel politikur,

socialur, ekonomikur, kulturul da fsiqologiur mizezebs.

arsebul politikur sistemebSi bevri dabrkolebaa qalTa politikaSi

winsvlisaTvis, kerZod:

 politikuri cxovreba da saxelmwifo struqturebi maskulinuri modelisaa;

 politikur arenaze mamakacebi dominireben, isini gansazRvraven politikuri
TamaSis wesebs da politikosis Sefasebis standartebs;
 politikuri cxovreba da muSaobis reJimi organizebulia mamakacuri
normebisa da mamakacis cxovrebis stilis Sesabamisad;
 politika dafuZnebulia `gamarjveba-damarcxebisa~ da Sejibrisa da
konfrontacis modelze da ara urTierTpativiscemaze, TanamSromlobasa da
konsensusis miRwevaze;
 aseTi zedmetad mamakacuri politika aRiqmeba WuWyian saqmed da qalebs ar
surT aseT garemoSi moxvedra;
 kandidat qalebs partiebis mxridan naklebi mxardaWera aqvT, maT Soris
finansuri mxardaWera.

garda politikuri sistemebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli barierebisa, SeiZleba

gamovyoT sxva xelisSemSleli mizezebic:

 saojaxo movaleobebis araTanabari gadanawileba da socialuri samsaxurebis

nakleboba qalebs araTanabar pirobebSi ayenebs politikuri aqtivobisaTvis
saWiro drois TvalsazrisiT.
 masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi arasakmarisad warmoadgens qalTa
politikur xmebs, maT Sexedulebebs, liderobis moTxovnebs. es niSnavs, rom
qalebs ar gaaCniaT sakuTari politikuri identifikaciis modeli.
 qalTa ufro dabali Semosavali da Sesabamisad dabali ekonomikuri statusi,
winaswari ganwyoba, rom qalis Semosavali mTlianad ojaxis saWiroebebze
unda midiodes araTanabar finansur sastarto pirobebs qmnis qalisa da
mamakacisaTvis.
 Zaladobisa da kontrolis kerZo Tu sazogadoebrivi formebi, romlebic
gamoiyeneba qalebis mimarT, zRudaven da akontroleben qalTa qcevas,
gansakuTrebiT iq, sadac saWiroa gadawyvetilebebis miReba sarisko
situaciaSi.

wyaro: g. aSvordi, genderuli midgomebis danergvis praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo,

UNDP.

genderuli parametrebi politikur partiebSi

qalTa monawileoba saqarTvelos politikuri partiebSi

qalTa da genderuli sakiTxebi qarTul politikur diskursSi saerTod ar JRers.

arc erT partias jerjerobiT ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli pozicia genderul
sakiTxze; wevrTa genderuli statistikac ki ar warmoebs. gamokiTxvisas isini
aRniSnavdnen, rom am niSniT ar ganasxvaveben TavianT wevrebs da kiTxvaze: “ramdeni
qalia Tqvens partiaSi?”, yvelaze tipuri pasuxia _ wevrTa daaxloebiT mesamedi.

am Sefasebas adasturebs 1998 da 2001 wels Catarebuli gamokiTxvebi 1, romelTa

mixedviTac qalebi politikuri partiebis wevrTa saerTo

raodenobis daaxloebiT 30%-s Seadgenen. qalTa monawileobis procenti gacilebiT

dabalia partiebis mmarTvel organoebSi. 1995 wels partiaTa centralur
xelmZRvanel organoebSi qalTa ricxvi mxolod 9% iyo, Semdgom ki umniSvnelod
moimata da 11%-s miaRwia.

1997 wels 158 politikuri partiidan qalebi xelmZRvanelobdnen aTs (partiaTa

saerTo ricxvis 6%). 1998 wels arsebuli 79 partiidan qali lideri hyavda
mxolod 4 partias (5%). 1999 wels registrirebuli 124 partiidan qalebi
xelmZRvanelobdnen 5 partias (4%).

partiebis programebi qalTa sakiTxebs srulebiT ar iTvaliswinebs. zogierTi

partia Tvlis, rom qveyanaSi Seqmnili saerTo mZime mdgomareobis fonze es
problema jerjerobiT aqtualuri ar aris. bevris azriT, ar aris aucilebeli
qalTa problematikis gadasawyvetad specifikuri,

mizanmimarTuli saqmianobis warmarTva, radgan socialur-ekonomikuri

mdgomareobis gamosworeba avtomaturad moagvarebs qalTa problemebsac.

iSviaTi gamonaklisis saxiT partiul programebSi gvxdeba dedobis xelSewyobis

sakiTxi (igulisxmeba mravalSvilian, martoxela da CvilbavSvian dedaTa
daxmareba).

zogadad, qarTul politikur partiebs araTanmimdevruli da bundovani

ideologiuri poziciebi aqvT, Sesabamisad, Znelia am bundovan ideologiur
suraTSi mkafio genderuli xedvebisaTvis adgilis moZebna.

im politikuri partiebidan, romlebic SedarebiT mniSvnelovan rols asruleben

politikur cxovrebaSi, qalTa seqciebi erT-or partiaSi Tu aris Seqmnili, magram
ar arian imdenad Zlierni, rom gavlenas axdendnen partiis prioritetebis
Camoyalibebaze. jerjerobiT partiebSi ar Canan genderulad mgrZnobiare da
Tanasworobis sakiTxebze samuSaod motivirebuli qalebi, romlebic SeZlebdnen
qarTul politikur diskursSi qalTa da genderuli problematikis wamowevas.

2005 wlis Semodgomaze kavkasiuri institutis mier Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis

Tanaxmad partiebis qalTa seqciebi ZiriTadad, saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobiT arian
dakavebuli, «qalTa organizaciebis iniciativiT partiebs bevrjer gauweviaT
mravalSviliani da invalidi ojaxebisaTvis daxmareba. isini aRricxaven
socialurad daucvel ojaxebs, swavloben maT problemebs da SesaZleblobebis
farglebSi gascemen... finansur da sxva materialur daxmarebebs». calkeul
SemTxvevebSi politikuri partiebis wevr qalebs liderobisa da sxva saWiro unar-
Cvevebis treningebs saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi sazogadoebrivi organizaciebi

1
xomeriki l., n. CubiniZe, qalebi saqarTvelos politikur
partiebSi/cnobari - saqarTvelos politikur partiaTa cnobari, samoqalaqo
kulturis saerTaSoriso centri, Tbilisi, 1998.
l. xomeriki, S. murusiZe, qalTa monawileoba saqarTvelos politikur
partiebSi, genderuli problematika saqarTveloSi, qalTa ganaTlebisa da
informaciis centri, Tbilisi, 2002.
utareben, «Tumca, msgavsi proeqtebi araregularulia da maTSi monawileTa
raodenoba SezRudulia 2».

partiebSi qalTa rolis gamokveTisaTvis saintereso masalas iZleva partiaTa

saarCevno siebi. maTi Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom im SemTxveveaSic ki, rodesac
partiuli sia genderulad ase Tu ise dabalansebulia, pirvel aTeulSi qali
kandidatebi praqtikulad ar arian warmodgenili da ZiriTadad siis bolo
adgilebze gvxvdebian, rac aisaxeba kidec arCevnebis Sedegebze.

saqarTvelos politikuri partiebSi qalTa monawileobis zrdas bevri mizezi

aferxebs; maTgan erT-erTi mTavaria Sidapartiuli demokratiis zogadi
ganuviTarebloba. im pirobebSi, roca partiebis organizaciuli struqtura ar
aris demokratiuli da dauxvewavia Sidapartiuli arCevnebis sistema, qalebisaTvis
Zalian Znelia partiul ierarqiaSi dawinaureba.

kavkasiuri institutis mier Catarebuli zemoT naxsenebi kvlevis Sedegebis

Tanaxmad, qarTul partiebSi wevrebs Soris urTierToba araformalur, erTmaneTis
mimaT pirad ndobazea damyarebuli da naklebi yuradReba eqceva zogadad
aRiarebul principebsa da formalurad gansazRvrul procedurebs, partiebis
wevrebis umravlesobis TqmiT, maT Soris urTierToba ojaxuri urTierTobebis
msgavsia.

arada, rac ufro naklebad patronaJulia partiaSi dawinaurebisa da saarCevno

siebSi moxvedris sistema, miT ufro advilia qalebisaTvis partiaSi
Tanamdebobrivi winsvla. Sesabamisad, partiebSi mkafio Sida procedurebis
arseboba, erTi mxriv, Sida partiuli marTvis demokratiuli modelis
Camoyalibebas moemsaxureba, meore mxriv ki, partiul struqturebSi genderuli
balansis miRwevasac Seuwyobs xels.

genderuli sakiTxebis politikur dRis wesrigSi moxvedras isic aferxebs, rom ar

momxdara qalTa, rogorc amomrCevelTa specifikuri jgufis,

interesTaAgamokveTa da am interesTa garSemo konsolidireba, rac aiZulebda

politikur partiebs eRiarebinaT qalTa da genderuli problematika da CaerToT
TavianT programebSi.

saqarTvelos saarCevno sistemis genderuli aspeqtebi

saqarTveloSi tardeba 3 saxis arCevnebi: parlamentis, prezidentis da

TviTmmarTvelobis organoTa arCevnebi.

arCevnebs aregulirebs saqarTvelos saarCevno kodeqsi. saqarTveloSi 75 saarCevno

olqia.

parlamentis arCevnebi tardeba Sereuli principiT: maJoritaruliT da

proporciuliT. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebic aseve ori sistemiT
tardeba: maJoritaruliTa da proporciuliT.

zogadad, sxvadasxva qveynebis magaliTze, iTvleba rom proporciuli sistema

ufro xelsayrelia qalebisaTvis vidre maJoritaruli, parlamentis arCevnebis

2 saqarTvelos politikuri landSafti, politikuri partiebi: miRwevebi,

gamowvevebi da perspeqtivebi, redaqtorebi: gia nodia, alvaro pinto sqoltabaxi,
mSvidobis. demokratiis da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti, niderlandebis
mravalpartiuli demokratiis instituti, Tbilisi, 2006 w.
dros es saqarTveloSic asea, 2004 wels arCeul parlamentSi 22 deputati qalidan
mxolod sami iyo maJoritaruli wesiT arCeuli (kerZod, quTaisis (nino burjanaZe),
bolnisisa (sofio larculiani) da yvarlis (nana patarkaciSvili) saarCevno
olqidan.

rac Seexeba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis arCevnebs, sadac adgilebze 1998

wlisa da 2002 wlis arCevnebze airCeoda 1100 pirveli donis adgilobrivi
sakrebulo, da arCevnebi naklebad konkurentuli iyo, aq ar Cans didi gansxvaveba
imaSi, qalebis arCevisaTvis romeli sistemaa ufro sasargeblo.

2006 wlis arCevnebis dros, rodesac TviTmmarTveli erTeulebi gamsxvilda da

Sesabamisad, sakrebuloebis ricxvi mkveTrad Semcirda (sul airCa 69 sakrebulo),
ukve adgilobriv donezec gamoikveTa tendencia, rom proporciuli sistema ufro
xelsayrelia qalebisaTvis, vidre maJoritaruli. sakrebuloebis deputati
qalebidan 43% airCies maJoritarulad da 57% proporciulad. Aaseve,
sayuradReboa, rom მაჟორიტარული წესით არჩეულმა დეპუტატმა ქალებმა შეადგინეს
მაჟორიტარულად არჩეულ დეპუტატთა საერთო რაოდენობის (1052 დეპუტატი) 8%. ხოლო
პროპორციული წესით არჩეულმა ქალებმა კი პროპორციულად არჩეულ დეპუტატთა (680
დეპუტატი) საერთო რაოდენობის 16,5%.

ra SeiZleba post-sabWoTa saarCevno gamocdilebidan CaiTvalos sakanonmdeblo

TvalsazrisiT yvelaze xelisSemSlelad qalebisaTvis?

2002 wlis mowvevis raionis sakrebuloebi iyo e.w. asocirebuli sakrebuloebi da

Sedgeboda raionSi Semavali pirveli donis sakrebulos Tavmjdomareebisagan.
amitom, radganac qali iSviaTad xdeboda sakrebulos Tavmjdomare, Sesabamisad
2002 wlis mowvevis raionul sakrebuloebSi bevrad naklebi qali Sevida
(praqtikulad ar iyvnen qalebi raionis sakrebuloebis doneze). 1998 wlis
arCevnebSi raionis sakrebuloebi pirdapir airCeodnen da maTSi iyo garkevuli
procenti qalebisa. kerZod, raionis sakrebuloebSi qalTa ricxvi 9-%-s Seadgenda.

aseve sayuradReboa, rom Tu 1998 wels did qalaqebSi qalTa warmomadgenloba

sakrebuloebSi iyo 7,8%, 2002 wels arCeul quTaisisa da rusTavis sakrebuloSi
arc erTi qali deputati ar iyo. es SeiZleba avxsnaT imiT, rom 2002 wlis
adgilobriv arCevnebze partiebi meti SemarTebiT ibrZodnen, radgan es arCevnebi
2003 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis tramplinad aRiqmeboda, meorec SesaZloa imiT,
rom arCevnebi 1998 wlisagan gansxvavebiT amjerad maJoritarulad Catarda.

sakanonmdeblo doneze problema is aris, rom saarCevno kodeqsi genderulad

neitraluria da ar iTvaliswinebs garkveul xelSeswyobas genderuli
Tanasworobis miRwevisaTvis. amitom, genderuli TvalsazrisiT misi mTavari
naklic es aris.

specialuri droebiTi zomebi politikaSi qalisa da

mamakacis Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofisaTvis

kvotebi qalTa politikuri warmomadgenlobis gasazrdelad

radgan politikaSi qalTa ricxvi nela izrdeba, msoflios bevr qveyanaSi qalebi
moiTxoven efeqturi meTodebis gamoyenebas politikaSi genderuli balansis
misaRwevad. kvota erT-erTi aseTi efeqturi meqanizmia, romelic saSualebas
iZleva naxtomiseburad gavzardoT politikos qalTa raodenoba. amitom
genderuli Tanasworobis bevri momxre kvotebs imediT uyurebs. amave dros
kvotebis sistema badebs bevr seriozul kiTxvas da, xSirad, Zalian seriozul
winaaRmdegobas awydeba. ra aris kvotebis ganxorcielebis saukeTeso gza? ra
argumentebi arsebobs kvotebis dasacavad da mis sawinaaRmdegod?

ra aris kvota?

kvotebis ideis safuZvelia, gadalaxos politikisagan qalebis izolirebis

arsebuli mdgomareoba da CarTos qalebi politikur procesSi.

kvotebis sistema qalebis politikaSi CarTvis pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs ara

calkeul qalebs, aramed politikur partiebs, romlebic politikaSi
rekrutirebis process akontroleben.

kvotas sxvagvarad specialuri droebiTi zomebs uwodeben, radganac is

warmoadgens droebiT RonisZiebas, romelic manamde moqmedebs, sanam politikaSi
qalTa monawileobis barierebi daiZleva.

kvotebi SeiZleba iyos kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli anda SeiZleba iyos Sida

partiuli, anu politikuri partiebis mier iyos dawesebuli.

saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli kvotebis ganxorcieleba SedarebiT

ioli gansaxorcielebelia daniSvniT adgilebze, vidre arCeviTze, radganac
arCevnebis dros kvotebis sistema exeba demokratiuli procesis safuZvlebs da
SeiZleba Seejaxos amomrCevelTa mier arCevanis Tavisuflad ganxorcielebis
ideas, TumcaRa kandidatebis nominaciis procesze amomrCevlebis met-naklebi
gavlenis miuxedavad, saarCevno sistemebis umravlesobaSi kandidatebis SerCeva-
dasaxelebis prerogativa politikur partiebis xelSia.

saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli kvotebis erT-erTi saxeobaa e.w.

rezervirebuli adgilebi. rezervirebuli adgilebis sawinaaRmdegoa is argumenti,
rom zogierT qveyanaSi, sadac demokratiuli sistema ar aris srulyofili,
xelisuflebas SeuZlia kvotebis sistema Tavis sasargeblod gamoiyenos.
specialurad SerCeuli qalebiT miiRos Tavisi morCili jgufi da Tanac Tavi
moiwonos politikaSi qalTa dawinaurebisaTvis xelSewyobiT.

qalTa moZraobis mxridan rezervirebuli adgilebis kritika (miT ufro Tu aseTi

adgilebis ricxvi 1/3-s ar aRemateba an amaze mcirea) efuZneba

arguments, rom aseTi sistema aferxebs qalTa ricxvis zrdas, mas Semdeg, roca
moTxovna Sesrulebulia.

`kvota avadmyofobis wamalia, magram gverdiTi movlenebica aqvs. kvotas

SeuZlia gamoiwvios erTgvari zeda zRvaris daweseba qalTa
monawileobisaTvis. agreTve, mas SeiZleba ar mohyves avtomaturad
politikuri kulturis ganviTareba.~
kristin pinta, inter-saparlamento kavSiri

kvotebi politikur partiebSi. kvotirebis efeqturi da warmatebuli nimuSia Sida

partiuli kvotebi. aseTi kvotebi gamoiyeneba CrdiloeTis qveynebSi, sadac qalTa
warmomadgenloba politikaSi yvelaze maRalia. (1998 wlis monacemebiT SvedeTis
parlamentSi qalebi Seadgenden 40%-s, norvegiaSi 38%-s, fineTsa da daniaSi 34%-
s).
arc konstitucia da arc saarCevno kanoni ar awesebs qalTa maRali
warmomadgenlobis aucileblobas. qalTa ricxvis gazrda politikaSi ukavSirdeba
partiebis qalTa seqciebisa da qalTa organizaciebis zewolas politikur
partiebze. aseTi moTxovnis sapasuxod, raTa ar daekarga iseT amomrCevelTa
mxardaWera, romelTa simpaTiac genderulad dabalansebul partiebis mxares
ixreboda, zogierTma partiam gadawyvita genderuli kvotebis sistema SemoeRo
partiis SigniT. 1970-80 wlebSi kvotebi SemoiRes memarcxene partiebma.
centristuli da memarjvene partiebis umetesobas aseTi RonisZiebebi im xanad
araliberalurad miaCndaT.

1983 wlis norvegiis leiboristulma partiam gadawyvita, rom `yvela arCevnebze

TiToeuli sqesis kandidatebi unda warmoadgendnen minimum 40%-s~.

1988 wels daniis social-demokratiulma partiam ganacxada `TiToeul sqess aqvs

ufleba warmoadgendes sul mcire 40%-s partiis kandidatTa siaSi adgilobrivi
da regionaluri arCevnebisaTvis. Tu ar iqna sakmarisi raodenoba TiToeuli
sqesis kandidatebis, es ufleba srulad ver ganxorcieldeba~. es wesi 1996 wels
gauqmda.

1994 wels SvedeTis social-demokratiulma partiam SemoiRo principi `yoveli

meore siaSi qali unda iyos~.

partiebi, kvotebs ara mxolod sxvadasxva donis arCevnebis dros iyeneben, aramed
Sidapartiuli struqturebisa da xelmZRvanelobis arCevisTvisac.

kvotebis SemoRebas skandinaviis qveynebSi ori ZiriTadi winaaRmdegoba hqonda:

xandaxan Znelia qali kandidatebis saTanado ricxvis moZieba, meorec xSirad
problematuria partiis inkumbenti mamakaci wevrebis gverdiT gaweva qalis
dasawinaureblad. SvedeTSi da daniaSi adgilobriv arCevnebSi inkumbentebis 2/3-s
xelaxla irCeven. maTi umetesoba mamakacia da cxadia, isini ewinaaRmdegebodnen
qalebisaTvis kvotebis SemoRebas, radganac eSinodaT adgilebis dakargva.

am tipis konfliqtis Sesamcireblad partiebi iyeneben Semdeg strategias: daniis

social-demokratiulma partiam, rodesac Sida partiul postebze 40%-iani kvota
daawesa, gazarda komitetis wevrTa ricxvi, ise rom mamakacma wevrebma ar dakarges
TavianTi adgilebi. aseve, Tu manamde partiis xelmZRvanels erTi moadgile hyavda,
daamates kidev erTi posti moadgilis, romelzedac qali airCies.

calkeuli qveynebis gamocdileba kvotebis gamoyenebis sferoSi

radganac gadawyvetilebis miRebis organoebSi qalTa warmomadgenlobis zrdis
koeficienti mcirea, politikaSi genderuli dibalansis dasaZlevad msoflios 70-
ze met qveyanaSi moisinja iseTi specialuri RonisZiebebi, rogoricaa saarCevno
kvotebi. rogorc aRvniSneT, kvotebi mravalferovania,

konstituciiT an kanonmdeblobiT dawesebulidan dawyebuli politikuri

paartiebis mier nebayoflobiT SemoRebuli Sidapartiuli kvotebiT gaTavebuli.

mimovixiloT ramdenime qveynis gamocdileba kvotebis gamoyenebis sferoSi. wyaro:

genderuli kvotebis globaluri monacemTa baza, demokratiisa da arCevne-bis
saerTaSoriso instituti da stokholmis unoversiteti (http://www.quotaproject.org/).

norvegia
norvegia Sidapartiuli kvotebis gamoyenebis pioneria. memarcxene socialistur
partias (SV) 1975 wlidan aqvs SemoRebuli 40% kvota orive sqesisaTvis. aseve
axorcielebs siaSi sxvadasxva sqesis kandidatTa monacvleobis wess (zipping system).
40% kvota orive sqesisaTvis aseve dawesebuli aqvs norvegiis leiboristuli
partias 1983 wlidan, centristul partias 1989 wlidan, qristanul saxalxo
partias 1993 wlidan.

germania
germaniSi kvotebi arc konstituciiTa gansazRvruli da arc saarCevno kanoniT.
magram politikuri partiebi iyeneben Sidapartiul kvotebs saarCevno siis
formirebisas. magaliTad, demokratiuli socializmis partia (PDS) iyenebs 50%
kvotas partiul siebSi. aliansi 90/mwvaneebic 1986 wlidan iyeneben aseve 50%-ian
kvotas. qristian-demokratiul partiaSi 1996 wlidan dawesda, rom siaSi minimum
yoveli mesame kandidati qali unda iyos. social-demokratiuli partiam (SPD)
kvotebis sistema SemoiRo 1988 wlidan. 1990 wlisaTvis mizani iyo 25% qali
kandidatis CarTva siebSi, 1994 wlisaTvis 33%-s, da 1998 wlisaTvis ki ukve 40%-
isa. 40%-iani genderuli kovta moiTxovs aseve, siis ise agebas, rom siis bolo
adgilebze mxolod erTi sqesi ar moxvdes, risTvisac siaSi minimum yoveli mexuTe
mainc iyos gansxvavebuli sqesis, vidre wina oTxeuli.

rakiRa 80-iani wlebidan TiTqmis yvela partiam dauWira mxari sakanonmdeblo

organoebSi qalTa monawileobis gazrdisaTvis mizanmimarTuli saqmianobis
ganxorcielebas, bundestagSi qalTa ricxvi gaizarda 10%-dan (1983 w.) 20%-mde (1990
w.), 1997 w. gaxda 26,6%, 2005 wlisaTvis ki 31,8%-s miaRwia.

didi britaneTi

britaneTSi didi xnis manZilze qalebi mxars uWerdnen konservatiul partias da

iTvlebodnen konservatorTa `saidumlo iaraRad~. 1990 wlebSi konservatiuli
partia mivida daskvnamde, rom qalTa mdgomareobaSi momxdari radikaluri
cvlilebebis Semdeg, mas erTxel da samudamod ar hqonda garantirebuli qali
amomrCevlebis mxardaWera. partiam daiwyo qalebis mimarT pozitiuri
deklaraciebis da saqmianobis ganxorcieleba. 1992 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis
Semdeg partiis Tavmjdomarem n. faulerma mouwoda Tavis partias waredginaT ara
nakleb 100 qali kandidatisa, parlamentis Semdgomi arCevnebisaTvis. marTalia, es
mizani bolomde ver iqna miRweuli, magram 1997 wlis arCevnebze konservatorebma
waradgines 67 kandidati qali.

liberal-demokratiul partias aqvs wesi, rom yovel saarCevno olqSi kandidatTa

CamonaTvalSi arc erTi sqesi ar unda iyos erT mesamedze naklebi. aseve, partiam
gamoiyena saarCevno siaSi sxvadasxva sqesis kandidatTa monacvleobis principi
evropis parlamentis arCevnebze 1999 wels.

leiboristuli partiisaTvis, romelic 18 wlis ganmavlobaSi (1979-dan 1997 wlamde)

opoziciaSi iyo, qalTa dawinaureba partiaSi amomrCevelTa Soris mxardaWeris
gazrdis erT-erTi gza aRmoCnda. genderuli demokratiis gafarToeba iyo nawili
partiis zogadi modernizaciisa da demokratizaciisa, ramac xeli Seuwyo
leiboristebis gamarjvebas. partiam Seicvala Tavisi `mamakacuri~ imiji da 80-iani
wlebis bolos SeimuSava genderuli kvotirebis programa. dawesda 40%-iani
genderuli kvota partiis yvela arCeviTi organosaTvis da daisaxa gegma
saparlamento fraqciaSi qalTa ricxvs mieRwia 50%-Tvis. es bolo debulebis
Sesrulebas bevri siZnele axlda, radganac britaneTSi moqmedebs maJoritaruli
saarCevno sistema, erTmandatian olqebidan airCeva TiTo deputati.

leiboristulma partiam 1992 wels gadawyvita gaTavisuflebuli, vakanturi

adgilebis 50%-ze mxolod qalebis daesaxelebina. magram es gadawyvetileba
gasaCivrda da 1996 wels sasamarTlom is gaauqma, rogorc mamakacebisaTvis
diskriminaciuli da 1975 wels miRebuli “sqesebis diskriminaciis aqtTan”
SeuTavsebeli. Sotlandiis parlamentisa da uelsis erovnuli ansambleis 1999
wlis arCevnebisaTvis leiboristulma partiam gamoiyena mezobeli saarCevno
olqebis dawyvilebis sistema. TiToeul wyvilisaTvis am ori olqis partiis
wevrebi ikribebodnen da erTad irCevdnen erT qalsa da erT mamakac kandidats.
partiis TiToeul wevrs hqonda ori xma erTi qali kandidatis asarCevad da erTic
mamakaci kandidatisaTvis.

2001 wels parlamentma miiRo sqesTa diskriminaciis (saarCevno kandidatebis) aqti,

romelic SesaZleblobas aZlevs politikur partias ganaxorcielos pozitiuri
qmedebebi (positive action) qal kandidatTa sasargeblod, ise rom ar daarRvios
Sromis kanonmdebloba.

safrangeTi

safrangeTSi genderuli kvotebis aucilebloba konstituciiT aris gansazRvruli.

1999 wels konstituciaSi Sevida dameteba, romlis mixedviTac “kanonmdebloba
mxars uWers qalisa da kacisaTvis saarCevno mandatTa Tanabar misawvdomobas” da
politikurs partiebs akisrebs Tanabari misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis
pasuxismgeblobas. am Sesworebas “paritetuli reforma” ewoda.

200 wels axali saarCevno kanoniT ganisazRvra, rom paritetuli reforma 50%-50%
Seexeba yvela donis proporciul arCevnebs:

 municipalur arCevnebs qalaqebisaTvis, sadac 3 500 meti mcxovrebia;

 senatis arCevnebs, proporciulad arCeuli senatorTa mandatebisaTvis;
 regionul arCevnebs;
 evropis parlamentis arCevnebs;
 parizis sabWos arCevnebs;
 parizis, lionisa da marselis raionis sabWoebis arCevnebs.

es reforma moiTxovs aseve partiebis mier dasaxelebul kandidatTa Soris

genderuli balansis dacvas safrangeTis parlamentis arCevnebisas, romelic
orturiani maJoritaruli sistemiT tardeba.

2000 wlis saarCevno kanonma daawesa finansuri dasja im politikuri

organizaciebisaTvis, romlebic ar daicavdnen dasaxelebul kandidatTa Soris
genderul balanss. safrangeTSi saxelmwifo finansirebas politikuri
organizaciebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs. magaliTad, 1999 wels saxelmwifo
dotaciam Seadgina politikuri subieqtebis mTeli Semosavlis 51 procenti.

saxelmwifosagan miRebuli finansebi mcirdeba, Tu paritetidan gadaxra gacdeba

2%-s. amgvarad, partia, romelic daasaxelebs 49% qal kadidats da 51% mamakacs ar
dajarimdeba, magram meti gansxvavebis SemTxvevaSi dajarimdeba, Semdegi wesiT: Tu
partiis mier wardgenili qali da mamakaci kandidatebis ricxvi 2%-ze metad
gansxvavdeba, maSin saxelmwifo daxmareba mcirdeba am gansxvavebis naxevriT.
magaliTad, Tu partiim waradgina 60% mamakaci kandidati, xolo 40% qali,
gansxvaveba 20%-is toli iqneba da maSin partias saxelmwifo daxmareba
Seumcirdeba 10%-iT.

municipalur doneze ki, sadac arCevnebi proporciuli sistemiT tardeba, kvotebi

kidev ufro efeqturad tardeba: saarCevno administracia ubralod ar gaatarebs
registraciaSi iseTi partiis sias, romelic paritetis moTxovnas ar Seesabameba.

politikuri partiebidan safrangeTis socialistur partias (Parti Socialiste) 1990

wlidan hqonda 50% kvota saarCevno siebisaTvis.
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi
sloveniaSi gaerTianebul social-demokratebs hqondaT 33% kvota orive
sqesisaTvis.
poloneTSi 30% kvota orive sqesisaTvis SemoRebuli aqvs sam partias:
demokratiul memarcxene alianss, Sromis kavSirsa da Tavisuflebis kavSirs.
CexeTis social-demokratiul partiidan arCeulTa 25% unda iyos qali. Tu
partiis adgilobrivi organizacia ver daasaxelebs 25%-s qali kandidatebisa,
maSin social-demokratebis qalTa organizacias aqvs ufleba daasaxelos
eqstrakandidatebi kvotis Sesavsebad.
ungreTis socialistur partias dawesebuli aqvs 20% kvota qalebisaTvis.

baltiis qveynebi
litvis social-demokratiul partias aqvs dawesebuli kvota - minimum 1/3 orive
sqesisaTvis.

genderuli kvotirebis dadebiTi mxareebi da siZneleebi

kvotebis warmatebul sistemas mosdevs:

 partiebis mier aqtiuri politikis warmoeba kvalificiuri kandidati
qalebis mosazidad;
 qalebs saSualeba eZlevaT gavlena moaxdinon gadawyvetilebis miRebis
procesze;
 politikaSi Cndeba qalTa kritikuli masa, romelsac SeuZlia gavlena
moaxdinos politikur normebsa da kulturaze.
 kvotebis ganxorcielebas partiisaTvis Semdegi dadebiTi mxareebi aqvs:
 partias emateba axali resursi, izrdeba partiaSi aqtiuri wevri qalebis
ricxvi;
 partia ukeT muSaobs amomrCevel qalebTan, Sesabamisad izreba partiis
mxardamWer qalTa ricxvi.

kvotebis SemoRebas Tan sdevs siZneleebi:

_ kvotebis SemoReba imisTvisaa saWiro rom qalebi gaaZlieros, magram Tu qalebi

ukve garkveul Zalas ar floben, kvotebis SemoRebas ver miaRweven, radgan,
rogorc wesi, kvotebis daweseba gaafTrebul winaaRmdegobas awydeba.

_ kvotebis efeqturad asamuSaveblad aucilebelia kandidati qalebis mozidva.

Zneli ar aris politikur saqmianobaSi ukve CarTuli qalebis daTanxmeba zeda
poziciebze wasawevad. Znelia, qalebis pirveladi daintereseba politikaSi
monawileobis misaRebad adgilobriv doneze.

_ gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom sami arCevnebi mainc aris saWiro, rom kvotebis
sistema srulyofilad amuSavdes.

_ kvotebis bevr momxres hgonia, rom kamaTi da konfliqti kvotebis garSemo

droebiTi movlenaa da mis miRebasTan erTad Sewydeba, magram gamocdileba
adasturebs, rom amgvari debatebi merec ar wydeba.
 sistemebisa da organizaciebis genderuli politika

genderuli Tanasworoba harmoniuli, socialuri samarTlianobis principebze

dafuZnebuli sazogadoebis erT-erTi arsebiTi maxasiaTebelia. genderuli
Tanasworoba niSnavs, rom qalsa da mamakacs aqvT Tanabari pirobebi da
cxovrebiseuli Sansebi TavianTi potencialis sruli realizaciisaTvis, Tanabrad
monawileoben politikuri, ekonomikuri, socialuri, kulturuli ganviTarebis
procesebSi da Tanabrad sargebloben sazogadoebrivi sikeTeebiT,
SesaZleblobebiTa da resursebiT.

genderuli Tanasworoba ar niSnavs qalisa da mamakacis igiveobas, piriqiT _

demokratiul pluralistur sazogadoebaSi aRiarebulia, rom adamianebs aqvT
sxvadasxva Rirebulebebi da miznebi, sxvadasxva saWiroebebi da cxovrebis wesi,
miuxedavad amisa, maTi interesebi Tanabrad unda iyos gaTvaliswinebuli yvela
doneze, isini unda sargeblobdnen Tanabari uflebebiTa da SesaZleblobebiT da
hqondeT erTnairi pasuxismgeblobebi da valdebulebebi.

rodesac genderuli Tanasworobas vexebiT, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom erTi mxriv,

igi demokratiisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis sakiTxia, meore mxriv, ki igive
genderuli Tanasworoba keTildReobis mniSvnelovani pirobaa. mravalferovneba
TavisTavadi Rirebulebaa, romelic keTildReobas qmnis.

warmatebuli demokratia gulisxmobs sazogado saqmeebis warmarTvisas qalsa

da mamakacs Soris WeSmarit TanamSromlobas, maT Tanaswor da Semavsebel
saqmianobas, urTierTgamdidrebas TavianTi gansxvavebulobiT. (demokratiis
universaluri deklaracia, parlamentTaSorisi sabWo, 1997 w.).

genderuli politikebi

genderuli politikaa, iseTi politika, romelic iTvaliswinebs genderul

parametrebs da mimarTulia genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofisaken.
ganasxvaveben genderuli politikis ganxorcielebis sxvadasxva doneebs.

genderulad brma politika

genderulad "brma" politika, programebi, proeqtebi ugulvebelyofs qalebisa da
mamakacebis gansxvavebul moTxovnilebebs. "Cven yvelas erTnairad vepyrobiT".
aseT SemTxvevebSi:
o ar xdeba qalisa da makacis moTxovnilebebis, prioritetebis da interesebis
gaTvaliswineba. mosaxleoba, samuSao koleqtivi an sxva jgufi ganixileba
erTgvarovan jgufad;
o ar iwarmoeba dacalkevebuli statistika: magaliTad, vis ukavia umaRlesi
Tanamdebobebi, vis aqvs gadamzadebis da kvalifikaciis miRebis meti
SesaZlebloba.

genderulad neitraluri politika

es politika zogjer gamosadegia moklevadiani problemebis gadasaWrelad.

 aseTi midgomisas yuradReba mimarTulia qalebis praqtikul da ara
strategiul moTxovnilebebze;
 ucvleli rCeba resursebis da pasuxismgeblobis arsebuli ganawileba.
genderulad gacnobierebuli politika

genderuli cnobiereba niSnavs realobas SevxedoT ”axali” TvaliT da davinaxoT

genderuli gansxvavebebi. am midgomas axasaiTebs:
 gacnobiereba da aRiareba, rom arsebobs sxvaobebi;
 genderulad dacalkevebuli monacemebis Segroveba;
 konsultireba rogorc mamakacebTan, ise qalebTan.

genderulad transformaciuli politika gulisxmobs:

 arsebuli gansxvavebebis, saWiroebebis, diskriminaciis mizezebis Seswavlas;

 orive sqesis praqtikuli da strategiuli moTxovnilebebis dadgenasa da
gaTvaliswinebas;
 arsebuli genderuli rolebis da tradiciebis eWvqveS dayenebas da
kritikulad gaazrebas;
 qalebisa da mamakacebis TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas;
 qalebisa da mamakacebis potencialis gaZlierebas, maTTvis samsaxurSi
miRebisa da kvalifikaciis gazrdis Tanabari Sansebis micemas.

Tu ar ganxorcieldeba transformaciuli politika:

 ucvlelad darCeba resursebis da pasuxismgeblobis arsebuli usamarTlo
ganawileba;
 ver amaRldeba cnobiereba da imis gaazreba, rom arsebobs genderuli
gansxvavebebi da sazogadoebis erTi naxevris SesaZleblobebi bolomde ar
aris realizebuli.

genderuli midgoma

genderuli midgoma niSnavs sxvadasxva sferoSi sqesisagan damoukidebeli

SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis politikis ganxorcielebis xerxebis SemuSavebas.
genderuli midgomis ganxorcielebis etapebi SegviZlia Semdegnairad
warmovidginoT:
 konkretuli genderuli problemis (genderuli uTanasworobis) arsebobis
gacnobiereba
 viTarebis Seswavla, informaciis mopovebis, kvlevisa da analizis saSualebiT
 genderuli cvlilebis strategiis SemuSaveba
 strategiis ganxorcielebis samoqmedo gegmis Camoyalibeba
 samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcieleba
 ganxorcielebis Sefaseba

saxelmwifo politika genderuli da

qalTa problemebis sferoSi

bevri qveyana aRiarebs, rom arsebobs genderuli da qalTa problemebi, romelTa

gadaWrac moiTxovs konkretuli strategiebis SemuSavebasa da specialuri zomebis
ganxorcielebas.

cxovrebis yvela sferoSi genderuli uTanasworobis problemis gadasaWrelad

kompleqsuri da mizanmimarTuli politikis aucilebloba xazgasmiT aRiniSna
pekinSi gamarTul qalTa msoflio konferenciazec. am Sexvedris erT-erT sakvanZo
moTxovnas warmoadgenda mTavrobebis mier erovnuli strategiebisa da programebis
SemuSaveba.
qalTa da genderuli sakiTxebis mogvarebisadmi mimarTuli saxelmwifo
programebi sxvadasxvagvari da mravalferovania, magram Tu Zalian ganvazogadebT
SesaZlebelia gamovyoT msgavsi Semadgeneli nawilebi, rogoricaa:

 srulyofili gederuli statistikis warmoeba;

 problemebis yovelmxrivi samecniero Seswavla;
 statistikuri monacemebisa da kvlevis Sedegebis farTod gavrceleba,
sainformacio kampaniebis mowyoba, sazogadoebis codnis amaRleba qalTa da
genderuli sakiTxebis sferoSi;
 statistikur monacemebsa da kvlevebze dayrdnobiT genderuli da qalTa
sakiTxebis mogvarebis erovnuli strategiis SemuSaveba;
 sakanonmdeblo iniciativebis SemuSaveba kanonmdeblobis Semdgomi daxvewis
mizniT;
 saxelmwifo programiT dasaxuli RonisZiebebis institucionaluri safuZvlis
Seqmna da ganviTareba (socialuri samsaxurebi, krizisuli centrebi,
monitoringis samsaxurebi);
 Tanasworobis sakiTxebze momuSave saxelmwifo struqturis Seqmna
(magaliTad, saberZneTis Tanasworobis biuro, portugaliis Tanasworobisa da
qalTa uflebebis komisia);
 qalTa monacemTa bazebis Seqmna (1974 wels irlandiis mTavrobam Seqmna
kvalificiur qalTa monacemTa baza, risi meSveobiT xdeba saxelmwifo
samsaxurisaTvis Sesabamisi kandidaturebis moZieba. 1995 wels niderlandis
mTavrobam daarsa organizacia `Toplinki~, romlis mizanic aris Seqmnas
kvalificiur qalTa monacemTa baza, romelic daexmareba saxelmwifo
saagentoebs, partiebs, kerZo kompaniebs moZebnon Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis
qalebi).

rogorc wesi, qalTa mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli saxelmwifo

programebi aucileblad moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs:

 dedobisa da ojaxis daxmareba (ra xasiaTisaa da moculobis amgvari

programebi, rogoria dafinanseba);
 martoxela mSoblebisa da mravalSviliani ojaxebis daxmareba;
 ojaxuri Zaladoba da Zaladoba qalis mimarT (rogoria kanonmdebloba,
arsebobs Tu ara daxmarebis samsaxurebi, ra xarisxisa da moculobis
momsaxurebis gaweva SeuZliaT, rogoria samarTaldamcav organoebSi
Zaladobis SemTxvevebze reagirebisa da sasamarTlo saqmeebis warmoebis
xarisxi, tardeba Tu ara prevenciuli zomebi);
 gadawyvetilebis procesSi qalTa monawileobis gazrdis uzrunvelyofa;
 trefikingi;
 prostitucia;
 jandacvis programebi _ orsulTa, axalSobilTa da mSobiareTa, bavSvTa
jandacva, reproduqciuli janmrTeloba, kontracefciisa da maT Soris,
abortis sakixebi, qalur organoTa daavadebebi (maT Soris, simsivnuri).

genderuli Tanasworobis xelSemwyobi kanonmdebloba

litva
1998 wels litvam miiRo kanoni qalebisa da kacebis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis
Sesaxeb da daawesa Tanabari SesaZleblobebis kontrolioris samsaxuri. es iyo
postsabWoTa sivrceSi amgvari xasiaTis kanonis miRebis pirveli SemTxveva.

kanoni moqmedebis sfero moicavs saswavlo, samecniero dawesebulebebs,

saxelmwifo marTvis organoebs da sakuTrebis nebismieri formis dawesebulebebs.

Tanabari SesaZleblobebis kontroliori ganixilavs saCivrebs genderuli

diskriminaciisa da samuSao adgilze seqsualuri iZulebis Sesaxeb. kontroliors
SeuZlia SemTxvevis Seswavlis Semdeg daawesos administraciuli jarima an
sasamarTlos gadasces saqme. fuladi jarimebi midis saxelmwifos biujetSi da
ara dazaralebul pirTan. kontroliors gamoZiebebs awarmoebs Tavisi
iniciativiTac, aseve monitorings uwevs diskriminaciuli xasiaTis gancxadebebs
presaSi, SeimuSavebs winadadebebs kanonmdeblobis daxvewis mizniT.

kanonis miRebisa da kontrolioris samsaxuris gaCenis Semdeg latviis presaSi

Semcirda diskriminaciuli xasiaTis gancxadebebi. 2000-2001 wlebSi, anu
funqcionirebis pirvel wels qalisa da mamakacis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis
kontrolioris samsaxurma ganixila 47 gancxadeba. saCivrebis ricxvi izrdeba da
litvis rigiTi moqalaqeebi ufro xSirad mimarTaven Tanabari SesaZleblobebis
kontroliors.

estoneTi

estoneTma 2000 wels xeli moawera evropis sabWos socialur qartias (Social Charter
of Council of Europe). estoneTs hyavs Tavisi warmomadgeneli evropis sabWos qalisa
da mamakacis Tanasworobis komitetSi (Steering Committee for Equality Between Women and
Men).

evropis sabWom miiRo daaxloebiT 20 dokumenti, genderuli Tanasworobis

politikis gasaviTareblad evropis saxelmwifoebSi. estoneTma daiwyo Tavisi
kanonmdeblobisa da evropis sabWos kanonmdeblobis SedarebiTi analizi. gamoCnda
mniSvnelovani gansvlebi Tanasworobis evropul standartebsa da estoneTis
kanonmdeblobas Soris. estoneTma aiRo valdebuleba miiRos genderuli
Tanasworobis aqti. genderuli Tanasworobis kanonis miReba iqneba erT-erTi
winapiroba estoneTis mierTebisa evropis kavSirisadmi. Tanasworobis kanonma unda
Seqmnas samarTlebrivi bazisi genderuli Tanasworobisadmi mimarTuli
saqmianobebis saxelmwifo doneze warsamarTavad.

genderuli biujeti

biujetis genderuli analizi niSnavs qalebsa da mamakacebze biujetis

gansxvavebuli zemoqmedebis kvlevas. genderuli biujeti xels uwyobs sajaro
saxsrebis samarTlian ganawilebasa da maT efeqtur ganTavsebas, biujetis
dagegmvisas samizne jgufebze orientirebas. genderuli biujeti, aseve, xels
uwyobs kargi marTvis principebis gamyarebas, angariSvaldebulebasa da
gamWvirvalobas.

genderuli biujetis iniciativa pirvelad avstraliaSi ganxorcielda 1984 wels.

gaanalizda biujetis gavlena genderul urTierTobebze. avstraliuri
gamocdileba mniSvnelovani iyo ara mxolod cnobierebis amaRlebis
TvalsazrisiT, aramed es midgoma sarekomendacio iyo Semdgomi iniciativebisaTvis.
britaneTSi 1989 wlidan moyolebuli qalTa sabiujeto jgufi (British Women’s Budjet
Group), romelic aerTianebs eqspertebs universitetebidan, arasamTavrobo
organizaciebidan da profkavSirebidan, yovelwliurad aqveynebs komentarebs
erovnul biujetze.

1993 wels mSvidobisa da Tavisuflebis qalTa saerTaSoriso ligam wamoiwyo

genderuli biujetis iniciativa kanadaSi. usafrTxoebis alternatiul
koncefciaze dafuZnebuli es iniciativa fokusirebulia socialuri
uzrunvelyofisa da Tavdacvis xarjebze. britaneTisa da kanadis garda genderuli
biujetis proeqtebis umetesoba samxreT naxevarsferoSi ganxorcielda. yvelaze
TvalsaCino magaliTia samxreT afrikis qalTa sabiujeto iniciativa, wamowyebuli
1995 wlis pirveli demokratiuli arCevnebis Semdeg.

amJamad genderuli biujetireba xorcieldeba msoflios 40-ze qveyanaSi.

genderuli biujetirebis inicirebisa da warmarTvis praqtika mravalferovania.
(Parliament, the Budget and Gender, Joachim Wehner, Winnie Byanyima, the handbook jointly produced
by the IPU, UNDP, WBI and UNIFEM).

genderuli biujeti – Tanamedrove socialuri teqnologiaa, romelic saSualebas

iZleva dainergos samTavrobo politikis mier interesTa gaTvaliswinebis
diferencirebadi aRricxvis principi socialur-genderuli niSnis mixedviT.
genderuli biujeti ar warmoadgens gansxvavebul biujetebs qalisa da
mamakacisaTvis, is iTvaliswinebs sabiujeto procesSi genderuli aspeqtebis
gaTvaliswinebas. genderuli biujeti aris finansuri meqanizmi Tanasworobis
politikis gansaxorcieleblad. (Carita jaSi, genderuli biujeti/seminaris
masalebi, Tbilisi, 2004).

genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofisaken mimarTuli

politikis ganxorcieleba saqarTveloSi

qarTul sazogadoebaSi mTeli postsabWoTa periodis manZilze momxdari

mniSvnelovani da xSirad radikaluri cvlilebebis miuxedavad, genderuli
Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofisaken mimarTuli midgomebis danergva saxelmwifo Tu
adgilobrivi politikis formirebaSi jer kidev did Zalisxmevas moiTxovs. sqesTa
Soris uTanasworobis problemis aqtualizebas xels uSlis wlebis manZilze
dagrovili da gadauWreli uamravi socialur-ekonomikuri problema, romlebic
rogorc politikuri speqtris, iseve sazogadoebis umetesi nawilis mier ufro
mniSvnelovnad aRiqmeba. amave dros, jer ar aris saTanadod gaazrebuli, rom
nebismieri sferos politikis SemuSavebisas, nebismieri erovnuli Tu adgilobrivi
donis programis warmatebulobisaTvis aucilebelia masSi genderuli midgomebis
danergva. saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da dasavleTis qveynebi didi xania
aRiareben, rom genderuli meinstrimingi, anu genderuli parametrebis sistemuri
integracia politikis formirebis, ganxorcielebis, monitoringisa da Sefasebis
procesSi ara marto genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevas uwyobs xels, aramed,
nebismieri politikis efeqturobis mniSvnelovani winapirobacaa. genderuli
midgomebis danergva, anu gansxvavebuli saWiroebebisa da problemebis danaxva,
gamocdilebisa da xedvebis mTeli mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswineba, TavisTavad
Zalian Rirebulia da xels uwyobs socialurad mgrZobiare, sazogadoebis
interesebze damyarebuli politikis ganxorcielebas. mdgradi ganviTarebis
Tanamedrove koncefcia genderuli Tanasworobis principis gaTvaliswinebis
gareSe warmoudgenelia.
saxelmwifo doneze efeqturi genderuli politikis gatarebisaTvis aucilebelia
qveyanaSi arsebobdes instituciuri meqanizmebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen
genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevis strategiis SemuSavebasa da ganxorcielebas,
agreTve, am sferoSi aRebuli saerTaSoriso valdebulebebis Sesrulebis
koordinirebas.

1994 wels saqarTvelo miuerTda `qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis likvidaciis

konvencias~. 1995 wels ki, pekinSi gamarTul qalTa IV msoflio konferenciaze
SeuerTda im qveyanaTa ricxvs, romlebic SeTanxmdnen, SeemuSavebinaT qalTa
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma pekinis platformis
cxovrebaSi gasatareblad.

pekinis platformis 12 mimarTulebidan erT-erTi erovnul doneze instituciuri

meqanizmebis Seqmnaa. msoflio praqtikam aCvena, genderuli Tanasworobis
erovnulma instituciurma meqanizmma efeqturad rom imuSaos, anu warmatebiT
moaxdinos saxelmwifo politikis sxvadasxva sferoebSi genderuli parametrebis
integrireba, saWiroa is maRal samTavrobo doneze arsebobdes, flobdes garkveul
finansur da adamianur resursebs da hqondes politikis formirebaze gavlenis
moxdenis SesaZlebloba.

axalgazrda demokratiis qveynebSi, sadac genderuli Tanasworobis sakiTxi

politikur dRis wesrigSi ar Sedis, saxelmwifo doneze genderuli Tanasworobis
uzrunvelyofis instituciuri meqanizmis Camoyalibebis stimulirebas xSirad
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi axdenen. 1998 wels gaeros ganviTarebis programis
proeqtis `qalebi ganviTarebis procesSi“ xelSewyobiT prezidentis
gankargulebiT saqarTvelos uSiSroebis sabWoSi Seiqmna qalTa mdgomareobis
gaumjobesebis erovnuli komisia. es iyo pirveli mcdeloba saqarTveloSi
samTavrobo doneze genderul problematikaze momuSave struqturis Seqmnisa.
Tumca, am struqturis efeqturi amoqmedeba im periodisaTvis ver moxerxda.
samwuxarod aseve qaRaldze darCa pekinis samoqmedo platformis moTxovnebis
Sesabamisad SemuSavebuli qalTa mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis 1998-2000 wlebis
samoqmedo gegma, romelsac mohyva 2000-2004 wlis samoqmedo gegma, romelic wina
arSesrulebuli dokumentis TiTqmis meqanikur asls warmoadgenda.

saqarTveloSi genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis erovnuli instituciuri

meqanizmis Camoyalibebis Semdgomi etapi vardebis revoluciis Semdeg daiwyo.
muSaoba ori mimarTulebiT warimarTa: adgilobrivi qalTa organizaciebis
koaliciis erTma jgufma mTavrobas warudgina iniciativa, romelic
iTvaliswinebda genderuli Tanasworobis saxelmwifo komisiis Seqmnas, xolo
gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) axalamoqmedebulma proeqtma „genderi da
politika“ miznad daisaxa parlamentis spikerTan arsebuli genderuli
Tanasworobis sabWos Camoyalibeba. orive mimarTulebiT gaweuli didi Zalisxmevis
Sedegad, saqarTveloSi pirvelad miviReT iseTi mdgomareoba, roca genderul
Tanasworobaze momuSave struqtura arsebobda xelisuflebis rogorc
aRmasrulebel, ise sakanonmdeblo StoSi.

gansakuTrebul aRniSvnas moiTxovs is garemoeba, rom samTavrobo komisia Seiqmna

adgilobrivi organizaciebis ZalisxmeviT, anu iniciativiT «qvemodan», rac
sakmaod uCveulo precedentia. am iniciativis warmateba mianiSnebs imaze, rom
qalTa organizaciebi wina periodTan SedarebiT ganviTarebis Tvisebrivad axal
etapze gadavidnen. es ki gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania im pirobebSi, roca
xelisuflebisaTvis genderuli Tanasworoba ar aris prioritetuli sakiTxi da
instituciuri meqanizmebis mdgradobisa da maTi efeqturi muSaobis
uzrunvelyofisaTvis swored is faqtoria gadamwyveti, Tu rogor moaxerxebs
sazogadoebrivi seqtori resursebis mobilizebas am tipis struqturebis
gasaZliereblad.

qalTa da genderul sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis

koaliciis instituciuri meqanizmebis jgufma, samTavrobo komisiis Seqmnis
iniciativis paralelurad, euTos misiis mxardaWeriT ganaxorciela proeqti,
romlis farglebSic SemuSavda genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis axali
erovnuli samoqmedo gegma. gegmis efeqturobis winapirobad Tavidanve daisaxa, rom
misi SemuSavebis procesi farTo da monawileobiTi unda yofiliyo. marTlac,
erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miiRo qalTa koaliciis 56
wevrma-organizaciam, qalTa samSvidobo qselis 41 warmomadgenelma, qalTa
regionuli organizaciebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis 88
warmomadgenelma saqarTvelos 10 regionidan. paralelurad moxda saxelmwifo
struqturebis, kerZod 14 saministros 45 warmomadgenlis CarTva SemuSavebis
procesSi. gegmis proeqti gaigzavna, agreTve, saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi
eqspertizisa da rekomendaciebis misaRebad. amgvarad, axali samoqmedo gegmis
SemuSavebis etapze dacul iqna pekinis platformis 294 punqtis moTxovna, rom
erovnuli samoqmedo gegmiT unda waxalisdes aqtiuri mxardaWera da farTo
monawileoba sxvadasxva institucionaluri aqtorebisa, maT Soris sakanonmdeblo
organoebis, akademiuri da kvleviTi institutebisa, profesiuli asociaciebis,
mediis, adgilobrivi saTemo jgufebisa da arasamTavrobo, maT Soris qalTa
organizaciebisa.

saparlamento sabWom da saxelmwifo komisiam erToblivad SeimuSava saxelmwifo

genderuli politikis koncefcia, romelic damtkicda saqarTvelos xelisuflebis
mier.

unda aRiniSnos, rom pirveli nabijebi gadaidga trefikingis winaaRmdeg

saxelmwifoebrivi midgomis Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. qmediTi RonisZiebebis
ganxorcielebisTvis da trefikingis danaSaulis da misi xelSemwyobi mizezebis
aRmofxvris mizniT, saqarTvelos prezidentis 2004 wlis 29 dekembris 623
brZanebulebiT damtkicda adamianTa vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
2005-2006 wlebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma da am samoqmedo gegmis efeqtiani
ganxorcielebis mizniT, 2005 wlis 1 Tebervals Seiqmna saqarTvelos erovnuli
uSiSroebis sabWos adamianis vaWrobis (trefikingis) winaaRmdeg brZolis
droebiTi uwyebaTaSorisi komisia.

aseve, mniSvnelovani nabijia, 2006 wels kanonis miReba „ojaxuri Zaladobis

aRkveTis, ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb.
saxelmwifom kanonis miRebisTanave mxolod msxverplis dacvis nawilis amoqmedeba
ikisra, xolo kanonis im nawilis amoqmedeba, romelic msxverplisa da moZaladis
sareabilitacio TavSesafrebis Seqmnas iTvaliswinebs, finansuri mosazrebebidan
gamomdinare mxolod 2008 wlidan daigegma.

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom genderuli Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis

instituciuri safuZvlis Seqmnis procesi adgilobriv donezec warimarTa. kerZod,
sazogadoebrivi organizacia “qalTa ganaTlebisa da informaciis saerTaSoriso
centrma” britaneTis saelCosa da euTos mier mxardaWerili programis farglebSi
“aqtiuri qalebi cvlilebebisaTvis”, SesZlo oTxi raionis (mcxeTa, duSeTi,
Coxatauri, axalcixe) mmarTvelobaSi genderul saqmeTa samsaxurebis Seqmnis
procesis inicireba. es saqarTveloSi pirveli precedenti iyo adgilobriv
xelisuflebaSi genderul problematikaze momuSave specialuri struqturis
Seqmnisa. axalSeqmnili samsaxurebi teqnikurad aRWurva gaeros ganviTarebis
programis proeqtma “genderi da politika”, xolo samsaxurebis warmomadgenlebma
Sesabamisi kvalifikaciis misaRebad ramdenime treningi gaiares, maT Soris,
“partniorebi demokratiuli cvlilebebisaTvis _ saqarTvelosa” da “partniorebi
– poloneTis” erToblivi proeqtis farglebSi, rac am sferoSi polonuri
gamocdilebis gaziarebas isaxavda miznad. raionul doneze Seqmnil samsaxurebs
debulebiT sakmaod farTo pasuxismgeblobebi akisriaT, kerZod:
 genderuli problemebis Sesaxeb monacemTa miRebisa da analizis sistemis
Camoyalibeba da genderuli statistikis Seqmna raionis masStabiT;
 adgilobrivi socialur – ekonomikuri situaciis yovelwliuri genderuli
analizi;
 genderuli parametrebis uzrunvelyofa adgilobriv biujetSi, qalebsa da
mamakacebze adgilobrivi biujetis xarjebis gansxvavebis analizi da
saTanado rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba;
 adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis moxeleTa genderuli ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa;
 adgilobrivi programebis genderuli analizi da programebis SemuSavebisas
genderuli parametrebis danergvis xelSewyoba;
 saxelmwifo programebis genderuli komponentebis Sesrulebis xelSewyoba
adgilobriv doneze;
 angariSebis miReba calkeuli ganyofilebebisa da samsaxurebis mier
genderuli parametrebis Sesrulebis Sesaxeb.

genderuli Tanasworobis instituciuri meqanizmebis gaZliereba, politikur dRis

wesrigSi genderuli sakiTxebis wamoweva da maTi gadaWra SeuZlebeli gaxdeba, Tu
ver moxerxda Zalisxmevisa da resursebis maqsimaluri mobilizeba, genderul
problemebze momuSave, rogorc adgilobrivi, ise saerTaSoriso organizaciebis
mier. pekinis moqmedebaTa platformis 289 punqtis Tanaxmadac, „arasamTavrobo
organizaciebs gansakuTrebuli roli aqvT qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworobaze
damyarebuli socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri da inteleqtualuri klimatis
SeqmnaSi. qalTa organizaciebi aqtiurad unda iyvnen CarTuli genderuli
Tanasworobis miRwevisaken mimarTuli politikis ganxorcielebasa da
monitoringSi“.

genderuli statistika _ politikis Sefasebis,

analizis, dagegmvis instrumenti

wyaro: UNECE's Gender Statistics Website for Europe & North America
http://www.unece.org/stats/gender/web

ra aris genderuli statistika?

genderuli statistika SedarebiT axali dargia da konceftualurad ufro mets
niSnavs, vidre, ubralod, sqesis niSniT dayofili monacemebi. genderuli
statistika asaxavs qalisa da mamakacis mdgomareobas yvela sferoSi – da
SesaZleblobas iZleva genderuli sakiTxebis sistemuri SeswavlisaTvis.
genderuli statistikis Seqmna niSnavs tradiciul statistikis sistemaSi genderis
meinstrimingis ganxorcielebas, anu genderuli infikatorebis danergvas
statistikis sistemis yvela sferoSi da yvela doneze. srulyofili genderuli
statistika gulisxmobs genderuli faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebas monacemTa
Sekrebis, analizisa da warmodgenis dros da rac mTavaria, monacemebis
gavrcelebas momxmareblisaTvis moxerxebul formatSi.

ratom aris saWiro genderuli statistika?

genderuli statistika xels uwyobs sazogadoebis mier genderuli problemebis
swor aRqmasa da genderuli stereotipebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayenebas.
genderuli statistika arwmunebs politikis SemmuSaveblebs koreqtireba gaukeTon
politikas da ukeT upasuxon rogorc mamakacis, ise qalis interesebs. genderuli
statistikis Seqmna aucilebelia, agreTve, genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobis
sferoSi cvlilebebis monitoringisaTvis.

genderuli statistikis warmoeba

genderuli inidkatorebis dasadgenad aucilebelia ganisazRvros, Tu ra
genderuli problemebis winaSe dgas sazogadoeba da ra Sesabamisi statistikuri
monacemebis Sekrebaa saWiro problemebis yovelmxriv

warmosaCenad da Sesaswavlad. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba

politikis SemmuSaveblebsa, genderul problematikaze momuSaveTa da statistikis
mwarmoebelTa Soris. monacemTa Sekrebisas gamoyenebuli unda iyos iseTi
meTodika, romelsac SeuZlia adekvaturad asaxos arsebuli genderuli
gansxvavebebi.

genderuli statistikis ZiriTadi funqciebi

 genderuli statistika da indikatorebi aucilebelia genderulad
koreqtuli politikisa da gegmebis SemuSavebisaTvis.

 genderuli statistika mniSvnelovani instrumentia cvlilebebis

monitoringisa da Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofis mimarTulebiT progresis
Sesafaseblad.

 genderuli statistika xels uwyobs genderuli stereotipebis aRmofxvras.

genderuli statistikis gavrceleba

genderuli statistikis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan gzad

miCneulia mopovebuli monacemebis iseTi formiT gavrceleba,
romelic morgebulia momxmarebelTa saWiroebaze. amisaTvis
aucilebelia momxmarebelTan kavSirebis ganviTareba da maTgan
Sesabamisi ukukavSiris miReba. magaliTad, did britaneTSi am mizniT specialuri
jgufic ki aris Seqmnili: genderuli statistikis momxarebelTa jgufi. es jgufi
miznad isaxavs imgvari monacemebis mopovebisa da gavrcelebis ganviTarebas,
romelic genderuli gansxvavebebisa da uTanasworobis gaazrebasa da am
mimarTulebiT politikis SemuSavebisa da Sefasebis gaumjobesebas emsaxureba.

genderuli statistikis momxmarebelTa jgufis amocanebia:

 statistikis Seqmnisa da gavrcelebis im aspeqtebisa da sakiTxebis gamovlena,

romelsac gaumjobeseba esaWiroeba;
 Tematuri diskusiiebis organizeba konkretul sferoebSi genderuli
statistikis gaumjobesebis gzebis gamosavlenad;
 mWidro kavSiris Camoyalibeba statistikis mwarmoeblebsa da momxareblebs
Soris, momxmarebelTa interesebis wardgena saxelmwifo statistikuri
samsaxurisa da oficialuri statistikis sxva mwarmoebelTa winaSe ;
 momxmarebelTa Soris informaciisa da genderuli statistikis saukeTeso
praqtikis nimuSebis gacvlis xelSewyoba.
wyaro: www.eoc.org.uk

genderuli statistika saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departaments garkveuli gamocdileba aqvs

genderuli statistikis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT, TumcaRa mwiri finansuri
resursebis gamo srulyofilad ver flobs informacas genderul WrilSi.
SvedeTis statsamsaxuris daxmarebiT saqarTvelos statistikis departamentma
garkveuli nabijebi gadadga genderulad dacalkevebuli statistikuri
monacemebis mopovebis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, statistikuri dakvirvebis formebs
daemata rigi maCveneblebi, romlis Sesabamisad gamoica statistikuri publikacia
“qali da kaci saqarTveloSi” 1999, 2003 da 2005 wlebSi.

miuxedavad amisa, saWiroa, kidev ufro daixvewos genderuli indikatorebi,

SesabamisobaSi movides saerTaSoriso standartebTan da dainergos informaciis
Sekrebis yvela doneze. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania genderuli statistikis
gavrcelebis axali formatebis SemuSaveba, raTa erTi mxriv, sazogadoeba
informirebuli iyos genderuli problemebis Sesaxeb da meore mxriv, sxvadasxva
sferoSi erovnul, Tu adgilobriv doneze politikis SemuSavebisas ar moxdes
genderuli faqtorebis ignorireba.

statistikis departamentis monacemebiT, jerjerobiT miuwvdomelia genderulad

dacalkevebuli monacemebi iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa: anazRaurebadi da
aunazRaurebeli Sroma, drois biujetis gamoyeneba, bavSvTa dacvis maCveneblebi
asakisa da ganTavsebis struqturis mixedviT, calkeuli daavadebebis da
asakobrivi jgufebis, eqimTan vizitebis sixSire, specialisti eqimebis raodenoba,
dasalevi wylis misawvdomoba, damnaSaveoba danaSaulis saxeebis mixedviT,
Zaladobis msxverpli danaSaulis saxeebis mixedviT, trefikingi, kinoTeatrebSi,
TeatrebSi, biblioTekebSi, eklesiebSi, sportul darbazebSi, sakoncerto
darbazebSi daswrebaTa, mwevelTa raodenoba asakisa da qorwinebis statusis
mixedviT, eleqtoratis raodenoba da sxva. zemoaRniSnuli sakiTxebi saWiroebs
specialuri statistikuri kvlevebis Catarebas. statitikis departamenti aRniSnavs,
rom bolo wlebSi moTxovna genderul TanasworobasTan dakavSirebul
statistikur informaciaze gaizarda; agreTve gafarTovda momxmarebelTa wre.

genderuli meinstrimingi

genderuli meinstrimingi aris qalTa da mamakacTa prioritetebisa da

saWiroebebis sistemuri integracia politikis formirebis, ganxorcielebis,
monitoringisa da Sefasebis procesSi, genderuli Tanasworobis xelSewyobis
mizniT.

genderuli meinstrimingi _ rTuli, winaaRmdegobrivi da dinamiurad ganviTarebadi

konceptia. ar arsebobs misi erTiani, martivi ganmarteba. Tanxmobaa mxolod misi
miznis _ genderuli Tanasworobis miRwevis gansazRvraSi.

ekososis ganmartebiT, genderuli meinstrimingi “yoveli dagegmarebadi

saqmianobis, maT Soris, kanonmdeblobis, politikis, nebismieri sferosa da yvela
donis programebis qalebsa da mamakacebze zegavlenis Sefasebis procesia”.

evrosabWos ganviTarebis daxmarebis komiteti: - “genderuli meinstrimingi aris

iniciativebi, romlebic rogorc qalebs, ise mamakacebs saSualebas aZlevs
gamoxaton TaviTi Sexedulebebi da miiRon monawileoba gadawyvetilebebis
miRebaSi TavianTi problemebis gadasaWrelad”.

evrokomisia ganmartavs genderul meinstrimings, rogorc “strategiuli

grZelvadiani midgomas, romelic nergavs genderul Tanasworobas sistemebSi,
struqturebSi, institutebSi, programebSi, politikasa da praqtikaSi”.

genderuli meinstrimingi praqtikuli amocanaa, magram safuZvlad udevs sxvadasxva

filosofiuri, sociologiuri da politikuri Sexedulebebi.
sityva meinstrimingis Sesatyvisis moZebna qarTulad sakmaod Znelia. ara mxolod
qarTvelebi frangebi, Svedebi, holandielebi, rusebic pirdapir iyeneben am
termins. meinstrimingi niSnavs periferiidan ZiriTad nakadSi moqcevas (arsebobs
azri, rom es termini gacnobierebulad Tu gaucnobiereblad gadmoRebulia
ganaTlebis politikisa da praqtikis

leqsikonidan, sadac meinstrimingi niSnavs moswavlis gadayvanas specialuri

kompensatoruli ganaTlebis kursidan ZiriTad saswavlo nakadSi).
genderuli meinstrimingis idea warmoiSva 1970-ian wlebSi, damuSavda da
ganviTarda 1980-ian wlebSi ZiriTadad ganviTarebis sakiTxebiT dakavebuli
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis wiaRSi (aSS saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento
(USAID), msoflio banki, Sromis saerTaSoriso organizacia). pekinis moqmedebaTa
platformam mkafiod gansazRvra genderuli meinstrimingi, rogorc praqtikuli
politikis mizani.

sami ZiriTadi jgufi SeiZleba gamoiyos im struqturebis, romlebmac ganaviTares

genderuli meinstrimingis idea: 1) ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso saagentoebi, 2)
gaeros struqturebi (gansakuTrebiT: gaeros ganviTarebis programa UNDP, gaeros
qalTa programa UNIFEM), 3) evropuli struqturebi.

genderuli meinstrimingis idea amoizarda midgomidan `qalebi ganviTarebis

procesSi~ (Women in Development). es midgoma Tavdapirvelad SeimuSava ganviTarebis
sakiTxebze momuSave socialurad da politikurad aqtiurma qalTa jgufma
vaSingtonSi.

daisva sakiTxi, ra ufro swori da efeqturia: calkeuli, specialuri proeqtebi

qalebisaTvis Tu qalTa komponentis integracia yvela proeqtSi (msoflio bankis
parqtika).

ganviTarebis tradiciuli Teoriebis mixedviT, modernizacias avtomaturad

mohyveba qalTa mdgomareobisa da statusis gaumjobeseba. feministebi Tvlidnen,
rom modernizacias qalis mxolod nawilobrivi emansipacia SeuZlia da
aucilebelia axali midgomis SemuSaveba.

genderuli meinstrimingis argumenti, ara mxolod socialuri samarTlianobaa,

aramed efeqturobac _ qalis potencialis srulad gamoyeneba (ara marto qalebi
moigeben ganviTarebiT, aramed ganviTarebac qalTa monawileobiT). midgoma WID
(qalebi ganviTarebaSi) Seicvala GAD (genderi da ganviTareba).

genderuli analizi. cnebis ganmarteba, genderuli analizis instrumentebi

genderuli analizi warmoadgens qalsa da mamakacze, ama Tu im politikis,

programis, strategiuli midgomis, institutis gansxvavebuli zemoqmedebis
gamovlenasa da Seswavlas. genderuli analizi zogadi politikuri da
socialur-ekonomikuri analizis mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia.

genderuli analizi bunebrivia moiTxovs sqesis niSniT gancalkevebul monacemebs.

genderuli analizisas, aanalizeben resursebis misawvdomobas, resursebis
kontrols, saqmianobis saxeebs, xelisSemSlel faqtorebs, saWiroebebsa da
moTxovnilebebs, calke qalebisa da calke mamakacebisaTvis.

genderuli analizis mizania, maqsimalurad gacnobierdes genderuli gansxvavebebi

da politika Tu programa ise daigegmos da ganxorcieldes, rom maqsimalurad
upasuxos gansxvavebul saWiroebebs. genderuli analizi aumjobesebs marTvasa da
efeqturi politikis SemuSavebas, radgan orientirebulia maqsimalurad upasuxos
mravalferovan da gansxvavebul interesebs. genderuli analizi xels uwyobs
procesebSi qalebisa da mamakacebis srul CarTulobas da Sesabamisad, adamianuri
resursebis srulyofil gamoyenebas.

politikis ganxorcielebisas genderuli meinstrimingis aucileblobis

gacnobierebam genderuli analizis ganviTarebas Seuwyo xeli. magaliTad, kanadaSi
genderuli analizis mniSvneloba saxelmwifo donezea aRiarebuli, genderul
Tanasworobaze momuSave specialur struqturam - kanadis qalTa statusma – 1999
wels Seqmna genderuli analizis direqtorati.

es direqtorati Semdegnairad gansazRvravs genderuli analizis sayrden

principebs:

 aucilebelia yvela sferoSi qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris konstruqciuli

TanamSromlobis ganviTareba;
 yoveli programa, qmedeba, proeqti, socialur-ekonomikuri tendencia
sxvadasxvagvarad aisaxeba qalsa da mamakacze;
 genderuli Tanasworoba niSnavs qalisa da mamakacis Tanabari statusis da
ara msgavsebis miRwevas;
 Tanabari mopyroba ar niSnavs Tanabari Sedegebis miRwevas. genderuli
Tanasworobis Tanamedrove koncefcia acnobierebs, rom qalebsa da
mamakacebs zogjer gansxvavebuli mopyroba sWirdebaT, raTa Tanabar
Sedegebs miaRwion.
 qali ekonomikuri, socialuri da politikuri procesebis ara mxolod
samizne, aramed agentic unda iyos;
 arsebuli genderuli uTanasworobis dasaZlevad specialuri zomebis
miRebaa saWiro;
 qalis statusis gaZliereba sakvanZoa genderuli Tanasworobis
miRwevisaTvis zrunvisas;
 ar unda iqnes daviwyebuli, rom politikurma da socialur-ekonomikurma
tendenciebma SesaZloa mamakacebzec moaxdinos negatiuri gavlena.

SesaZloa nebismieri sferos genderuli analizis ganxorcieleba. mogvyavs mcire

magaliTi, romelSic dasaqmebis politikis genderuli aspeqtebia warmoCenili.