4

The Employees’ Provident Funds and

Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

Learning Objectives
In this Chapter, the students come to know the
♦ Operations of Employees’ Provident Fund Scheme
♦ Operations of the Employee’s Pension Scheme
♦ Operations of the Deposit-Linked Insurance Scheme
♦ Obligations of the employer and employee towards PF accounts
♦ Other provisions of the Act such as powers of the Central Government, determinations of
moneys due from employers etc.
Every worker wants security and maintenance for old age. The Provident Fund Act, 1925
deals with the provident funds relating to only Government, Railways and local authorities. So
it was considered desirable to introduce a Provident Fund Scheme for the industrial workers.
The Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 is a beneficial piece
of legislation, described as social security statute to ensure the employers better future on his
retirement and of his dependents on his death. This statutory obligation under the Act, cannot
possibly be deferred in the event of an untimely death of a worker/ an employee [Balbir Kaur
Vs. Steel Authority of India, AIR 2000 SC 1596].

4.1 Introduction
The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 (hereinafter referred
to as ‘the Act’) extends to the whole of India except the State of Jammu & Kashmir. It seeks to
provide for the institution of provident funds, pension funds and deposit linked insurance funds
for employees in factories and other establishments.
Subject to the exceptions contained in Section 16 (Act not to apply to certain
establishments), this Act applies to the following entities, namely :
(a) every establishment which is a factory engaged in any industry specified in Schedule I
and in which 20 or more persons are employed ; and
(b) any other establishment which employs 20 or more persons or class of such
establishments which the Central Government may, by notification in Official Gazette
specify in the behalf.

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 4.2 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

(c) The Central Government may, after giving not less than 2 months’ notice of its intention
to do so, apply the provisions of this Act to any establishment with less than 20 persons
in the employment.
(d) Notwithstanding anything mentioned above or in Sub-section (1) of Section 16, where it
appears to the Central Provident Fund Commissioner, whether on an application made to
him in this behalf or otherwise, that the employer and the majority of employees in
relation to any establishment, have agreed that the provisions of this Act should be made
applicable to the establishment, he may, by notification in the Official Gazette, apply the
provision of this Act to the establishment on and from the date of such agreement or from
any subsequent date specified in such agreement.
An establishment to which this Act applies must continue to be governed by this Act,
even if the number of persons employed therein falls at any time below 20.
(e) The Ministry of Labour & Employment through Notification No. S.O. 30 (E),dated 8th
January, 2011 specifies that the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952 shall also apply to “Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporations
constituted under sub-clauses (b) & (c) of clause (1) of Article 243Q of the Constitution of
India.

4.2 Definitions (Section 2)

In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires :
(a) “Appropriate Government” means :
(i) in relation to an establishment belonging to, or under the control of Central Government
or in relation to an establishment connected with ‘a railway’ company, a major port, a
mine or an oilfield or a controlled industry, or in relation to an establishment having
departments or branches in more than one State, the Central Government ; and
(ii) in relation to any other establishment, the State Government.
(b) “Basic wages” means all emoluments which are earned by an employee while on
duty or on leave or on holidays with wages in either case in accordance with the terms of the
contract of employment and which are paid or payable in cash to him, but does not include:
(i) the cash value of any food concessions ;
(ii) any dearness allowance (that is to say all cash payments, by whatever name called, paid
to an employee on account of rise in the cost of living), house rent allowance, overtime
allowance, bonus, commission or pay and other similar allowance payable to the
employee in respect of his employment or of work done in such employment ; or
(iii) any presents made by the employer.
Emoluments which are paid to all the employees of a concern while on duty shall constitute
basic wages, whereas such emoluments which are paid to some of the employees of a
concern, they do not form part of the basic wages. [Burmah Shell Oil Storage &Distributing
Co. of India Ltd. V. R.P.F.Commr.(1981)2 LLJ 86 Del].

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.3

Production bonus and incentives wage is not the part of the basic wage.[Bridge and Roof Co.
v. U.o.I,AIR(1963) SC 1474], whereas adhoc payments are like presents made by the
employer, it cannot be included in basic wages but where adhoc payments are paid under a
settlement for period during which employees were deemed to be on duty, there it will form the
part of basic wages[Shree Changdeo Sugar Mills Vs.UoI,(2001)1 LLJ 698SC].
(e) “Employer” means :
(i) in relation to an establishment which is a factory- The owner or occupier of the factory
including the agent of such owner or occupier, the legal representative of a deceased
owner or occupier and where a person has been named as manager of the factory under
clause (f) of Sub-section (I) of Section 7 of the Factories Act, 1948 the person so named
is the employer ; and
(ii) in relation to any other establishmen-, The person who, or the authority which, has
ultimate control over the affairs of the establishment, and where the said affairs are
entrusted to a manager or managing director, such manager, managing director or
managing agent is the employer.
(f) “Employee” means any person-(i) who is employed for wages in any kind of work,
manual or otherwise, in or in connection with work of an establishment, and (ii) who gets his
wages directly or indirectly from the employer.
Whereas term employee includes following person- (i) Any person employed by or through a
contractor in or in connection with the work of the establishment ; (ii) Any person engaged as
an apprentice, not being an apprentice engaged under the Apprentice Act, 1961 (52 of 1961),
or under the standing orders of the establishment.
Whether a person is an employee or not, it rest on the relationship of master and servant
[Mysore State Coop.Printing Works v. R.P.F.Commr.(1976)Lab IC 1307 Ker]. A partner is not
considered as an employee of the firm as the partner cannot be an employer and employee at
the same time.
(ff) “Exempted employee” means an employee to whom a Scheme/ the insurance scheme
as the case may be would, but for the exemption granted under Section 17, have applied.
(fff ) “Exempted establishment” means an establishment in respect of which an exemption
has been granted under Section 17 from the operation of all or any of the provisions of any
Scheme or the insurance scheme as the case may be, whether such exemption has been
granted to the establishment as such or to any person or class of persons employed therein.
(g) “Factory” means any premises, including the precincts thereof, in any part of which a
manufacturing process is being carried on or is ordinarily so carried on, whether with the aid of
power or without the aid of power.
(i) “Industry” means an industry specified in Schedule I, and includes any other industry
added to the Schedule by notification under Section 4.
(ic) “Manufacture” or “Manufacturing process” means any process for making, altering,
repairing, ornamenting, finishing, packing, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing,
otherwise treating or adapting any, article or substance with a view to its use, sale, transport,
delivery or disposal.

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 4.4 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

(k) “Occupier of a factory” means the person who has ultimate control over the affairs of
the factory and where the said affairs are entrusted to a managing agent, such agent shall be
deemed to be the occupier of the factory.
Establishment to include all departments and branches (Section 2A): If an establishment
consists of different departments or has branches whether situated in the same place or in
different places, all such departments or branches shall be treated as parts of the same
establishment.
Power to apply the Act to an establishment which has a common Provident Fund with
another establishment (Section 3): When an establishment covered by this Act has a
common Provident Fund with another establishment immediately before the Act came into
force, the Central Government has the power to direct through a notification in the Official
Gazette, that the provisions of this Act shall also apply to that another establishment.
The Central Government has also the power, by virtue of Section 4, to add to Schedule I any
other industry in respect of the employees whereof it is of the opinion that a provident fund
scheme should be framed under this Act. Thereupon, the industry so added must be deemed
to be an industry specified in Schedule I for the purposes of this Act. The addition is to be
made through a notification in the Official Gazette and the notification is required to be laid
before Parliament as soon as possible after issue.
Key Points
♦ The EPF & Miscellaeous Provisions Act,1952 provides for institution of provident fund,
pension fund and deposit linked insurance fund for an employee in the establishments
covered by it.This Act extends to the whole of India except Jammu & Kashmir. This Act
applies to every establishment which is a factory engaged in any industry laid in schedule
I and in which 20 or more persons are employed.
♦ Basic wages constitutes all emoluments which are earned by an employee as per the
terms of the contract and which are paid /payable in cash to him. However ,it doesnot
include- (i) Cash value of any food concession(ii) D.A (iii) HRA (iv) overtime allowance.
♦ Employer means-(i) in relation to an establishment which is a factory, the owner or
occupier of the factory or the legal representative, and (ii) in relation to any other
establishment, the person who, or the authority which, has ultimate control over the affairs
of the establishment .
♦ Employee includes any person –(i) who is employed for wages in any kind of work,
manual or otherwise, in or in connection with work of an establishment, and (ii) who gets
his wages directly or indirectly from the employer.

4.3 Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme,1952 (Section 5)

The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme to be
called Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme,1952 for the employees or class of employees of
establishments to which the Act applies. It may also specify the establishments or class of
establishments to which the said scheme is to apply. As soon as may be after the framing of

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.5

scheme, a Fund must be established in accordance with provisions of this Act and the
Scheme.
The fund shall vest in and be administered by Central Board of trustees constituted under
Section 5A by the Central Government [Section 5(I A)].
Subject to the provisions of the Act, the Scheme framed under Section 5(1) may provide for all
or any of the matters specified in Schedule II [Section 5 (I B)].
Schedule II [See Section 5(IB)]
Matters for which provision may be made in a Scheme
1. The employees or class of employees who shall join the Fund and the conditions under
which employees may be exempted from joining the Fund or from making any
contribution.
2. The time and manner in which contribution shall be made to the fund by employers and
by, or on behalf of employees (whether employed by him directly or by or through a
contractor) the contribution which an employee may, if he so desires, make under
Section 6, and the manner in which such contributions may be recovered.
2-A The manner in which employees’ contributions may be recovered by contractors
from employees employed by or through such contractors.
3. The payment by the employer of such sums of money as may be necessary to meet the
cost of administering the Fund and the rate at which and the manner in which the
payment shall be made.
4. The constitution of any Committee for assisting any Board of Trustees.
5. The opening of regional and other offices of any Board of Trustees.
6. The manner in which accounts shall be kept, the investment of moneys belonging to the
fund in accordance with any directions issued or conditions specified by the Central
Government, the preparation of the budget, the audit of accounts and the submission of
reports to the Central Government or to any specified State Government.
7. The conditions under which withdrawal from the Fund may be permitted and any
deduction or forfeiture may be made and the maximum amount of such deduction or
forfeiture.
8. The fixation, by the Central Government in consultation with the Board of Trustees
concerned, of the rate of interest payable to members.
9. The form in which an employee shall furnish particulars about himself and his family
whenever required.
10. The nomination of person to receive the amount standing to the credit of member after
his death and the cancellation or variation of such nomination.
11. The registers and records to be maintained with respect to employees and the returns to
be furnished by employees (or contractors).

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12. The form or design or any identity card, token or disc for the purpose of identifying an
employee, and for the issue, custody and replacement thereof.
13. The fees to be levied for any of the purposes specified in this Schedule.
14. The contraventions or defaults which shall be punishable under Sub-section (2) or
Section 14.
15. The further powers, if any, which may be exercised by inspectors.
16. The manner in which accumulations in any existing provident fund shall be transferred to
the Fund under Section 15 and the mode of valuation of any assets which may be
transferred by the employers in this behalf.
17. The conditions under which a member may be permitted to pay premium on life
insurance from the Fund.
18. Any other matter which is to be provided for in the Scheme or which may be necessary or
proper for the purpose of implementing the Scheme.
The above mentioned Scheme may provide that any of its provisions shall be effective
either prospectively or retrospectively on such date as may be specified in this behalf in
the Scheme.
[Note: (i) The Central Government through Notification No. G.S.R. 148, dated 3rd
September,2010 has amended the Employees’ Provident Funds Scheme,1952 by the
Employees’ Provident Funds(Amendment )Scheme, 2010 laying down special provisions in
respect to the International worker.
(ii) The Ministry of Labour and Employment through Notification No. G.S.R. 25(E), dated 15th
January, 2011 made Employees’ Provident Funds (Amendment) Scheme, 2011. According to
which interest shall not be credited to the account of a member from the date on which it has
become inoperative account given in Paragraphs 60(5) &72(6) of the Employees’ Provident
Funds Scheme,1952.
These amendments are for the knowledge purpose of the students]
Management of the Schemes
Following authorities have been constituted for proper and effective management of the
schemes framed under the Act-
I. Central Board (Section 5A) : The Central Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, constitute with effect from such date as may be specified therein, a Board of
Trustees for the territories to which this Act extends (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the
Central Board) consisting of the following persons, as members, namely :
1. (a) a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman to be appointed by the Central Government;
(aa) the Central Provident Fund Commissioner, ex-officio;
(b) not more than five persons appointed by the Central Government from amongst its
officials;

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(c) not more than fifteen persons, representing Governments of such State as the
Central Government may specify ;
(d) ten persons representing employers of the establishments to which the Scheme
applies, appointed by the Central Government after consultation with such
organisations of employers; and
(e) ten persons representing employees in the establishments to which the Scheme
applies, appointed by the Central Government after consultation with such
organisations of employees.
2. The terms and conditions subject to which a member of the Central Board may be
appointed and the time, place and procedure of the meetings of the Central Board shall
be such as may be provided for in the Scheme.
3. The Central Board, shall [subject to the provisions of Section 6A and Section 6C]
administer the fund vested in it in such manner as may be specified in the Scheme.
4. The Central Board shall perform such other functions as it may be required to perform by
or under any provisions of the Scheme (the Pension Scheme and the Insurance
Scheme).
5. The Central Board shall maintain proper accounts of its income and expenditure in such
form and in such manner as the Central Government may, after consultation with the
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India, specify in the Scheme.
6. The accounts of the Central Board shall be audited annually by the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India and any expenditure incurred by him in connection with such
audit shall be payable by the Central Board to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of
India.
7. The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India and any person appointed by him in
connection with the audit of the accounts of the Central Board shall have the same rights
and privileges and authority in connection with such audit as the Comptroller and Auditor-
General has, in connection with the audit of Government accounts and, in particular,
shall have the right to demand the production of books, accounts, connected vouchers,
documents and papers and inspect any of the offices of the Central Board.
8. The accounts of the Central Board as certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General of
India or any other person appointed by him in his behalf together with audit report there-
upon shall be forwarded to the Central Board which shall forward the same to the Central
Government along with its comments on the report of the Comptroller and Auditor-
General.
9. It shall be the duty of the Central Board to submit also to the Central Government an
annual report of its work and activities and the Central Government shall cause a copy of
the annual report, the audited accounts together with the report of the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India and the comments of the Central Board thereon to be laid before
each House of Parliament.
II. Executive Committee (Section 5AA) : The Central Government may, by notification in
the Official Gazette, constitute, with effect from such date as may be specified therein, an

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Executive Committee to assist the Central Board in the performance of its functions.
The Executive Committee shall consist of the following persons as members, namely :
(a) a Chairperson, the secretary to the Government of India from the Ministry of Labour and
Employment appointed by the Central Government.;
(b) two persons Additional secretary to the Government of India and the Financial Advisor
from the Ministry of Labour and Employment appointed by the Central Government.
(c) three persons representating the Governments of the States( presently are the
representative of the Government of the Assam, Rajasthan and of the Tamil Nadu)
appointed by the Central Government.
(d) three persons representing the employers of the establishments to which the scheme
applies appointed by the Central Government.
(e) three persons representing the employees in the establishments to which the scheme
applies appointed by the Central Government..
(f) the Central Provident Fund Commissioner of Employees’ Provident Fund Oganisation.
[This reconstitution of the Executive Committee is as per the Notification no. S.O.1045(E) ,
dated 13th May,2011 by the Ministry of Labour and Employment]
The terms and conditions subject to which a member of the Central Board may be appointed
or elected to the Executive Committee and the time, place and procedure of the meetings of
the Executive Committee shall be such as may be provided for in the Scheme.
III. State Board (Section 5B) : The Central Government may constitute Board of Trustees
for the State in consultation with the Government of that State. The State Board shall exercise
such powers and perform such duties as the Central Government may assign to it from time to
time.
Board of Trustees to be body corporate (Section 5C) : The above Central Board or the
State Board shall be a body corporate under the name specified in the notification constituting
it, having perpetual succession and a common seal.
IV. Appointment of Officers (Section 5D) : The Central Government shall appoint a
Central Provident Fund Commissioner who shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Central
Board. He shall be subject to the general control and superintendence of that Board.
The Central Government may also appoint a Financial Adviser and Chief Accounts Officer to
assist the Central Provident Fund Commissioner in the discharge of his duties.
The Central Board may appoint subject to the maximum scale of pay, as may be specified in
the Scheme as many Additional Central Provident Fund Commissioners, Deputy Provident
Fund Commissioners, Regional Provident Fund Commissioners and Assistant Provident Fund
Commissioners as it may consider necessary for the efficient administration of the Scheme.
The aforesaid appointments carrying a scale of pay equivalent to Group ‘A’ or Group ‘B’ posts
under the Central Government must be made only after consultations with Union Public
Service Commission. However, such consultation is unnecessary in regard to any such
appointment :
(a) for a period not exceeding one year; or (b) if the person to be appointed is at the time of

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his appointment : (i) an I.A.S. Officer, or (ii) in the Service of the Central Government or State
Government or the Central Board in Group A or Group B post.
The State Board may, with the approval of the State Government concerned appoint such staff
as it may consider necessary.
The method of recruitment, salary and allowances, discipline and other conditions of service of
the aforesaid Commissioner and the Financial Adviser and Chief Accounts Officer shall be
such as may be prescribed by the Central Government. Such salary and allowances must be
paid out of the Fund.
The method of recruitment, salary and allowances, discipline and other conditions of service of
the Additional Central Provident Fund Commissioner, Deputy Provident Fund Commissioner,
Regional Provident Fund Commissioner, Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner, and other
officers and employees of the Central Board shall be such as may be specified by the Central
Board in accordance with the rules and orders applicable to the officers an employees of the
Central Government drawing corresponding scales of pay.
Provided that where the Central Board is of the opinion that it is necessary to make a
departure from the said rules or orders in respect of any of the matters aforesaid, it shall
obtain the prior approval of the Central Government.
In determining the corresponding scales of pay of officers and employees under clause (a),
the Central Board shall have regard to the educational qualifications, method of recruitment,
duties and responsibilities of such officers and employees under the Central Government and
in case of any doubt, the Central Board shall refer the matter to the Central Government
whose decision thereon shall be final.
The method of recruitment, salary and allowances, discipline and other conditions of service of
officers and employees of a State Board shall be such as may be specified by that Board, with
the approval of the State Government concerned.
Acts and proceedings of the Central Board or its Executive Committee or State Board
not to be invalidated on certain grounds (Section 5DD) : No Act done or proceeding taken
by the Central Board or the Executive Committee constituted under Section 5AA or the State
Board shall be questioned on the ground merely of the existence of any vacancy in, or any
defect in the constitution of the Central Board or the Executive Committee or the State Board,
as the case may be.
Delegation (Section 5E): The Central Board may delegate to the Executive Committee or to
the Chairman of the Board or to any of its Officers and a State Board may delegate to its
Chairman or to any of its Officers such of its powers and functions under this Act as it may
deem necessary for the efficient administration of the Scheme. This delegation may be subject
to such conditions and limitations, if any, as the said Board may specify.
Contributions and matters which may be provided for in Schemes (Section 6) : The
employees’ contribution to the fund shall be 10% of the basic wages, dearness allowance and
retaining allowance (if any). An employee can at his will contribute beyond 10% if the scheme
makes provision therefor subject to the conditions that the employer shall not be under an

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obligation to pay any contribution over and above his contribution payable under this Section.
This rule will prevail irrespective of whether the employer employs the person directly or
through contractor.
According to the first proviso to the Section the Central Government may, however, raise the
aforesaid percentage of contribution from 10% to 12% in respect of any establishments. It may
do so after making such enquiries as it deems fit.
According to the second proviso if the amount of any contribution involves fraction of a rupee,
the Scheme may provide for rounding off such fraction to the nearest rupee, half of a rupee or
a quarter of rupee.
It may be noted that the dearness allowance mentioned above shall be deemed to include also
the cash value of any food concession allowed to the employees; also that “retaining
allowance” means an allowance payable for the time being to an employee of any factory or
other establishment during any period in which the establishment is not working, for retaining
his services.[Explanation 1 and 2 to Section 6]
[Note:- Clarification pertaining to contributions after revision in wage ceiling as per the
Employees’ Provident Funds(Amendment) Scheme,, 2014— As per the revision in wage
ceiling from Rs. 6500 to Rs. 15,000 per month with effect from 1st September, 2014 with
respect to excluded employee drawing wages more than ` 15000/-, he can also become
member of the Fund and the Schemes on joint request and if, for instance, such
employee is getting ` 20,000/-per month his share towards Provident Fund
Contribution will be Rs. 2400 at the rate of 12% ]
Formulae for calculating the contribution of employees and employers to the Employees’
Provident Fund
Section 6 of the Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 sets out
the formulae for calculating the contribution of employees and employers to the fund
(i) At the rate of 10%
Contribution is 10% of the basic wages, dearness allowance and retaining allowance of the
employee.
Pay Scale EPF Contribution
` . 2000 ` . 200
` .3000 ` . 300
` .5000 ` . 500
` .8500 ` . 850
` . 10000 ` . 1000
` . 15000 ` . 1500

(ii) At the rate of 12%

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Contribution is 12% of the basic wages, dearness allowance and retaining allowance of the
employee.
Pay Scale EPF Contribution
` . 2000 ` . 240
` . 3000 ` . 360
` . 5000 ` . 600
` . 8500 ` . 1020
` . 10000 ` . 1200
` . 15000 ` . 1800

4.4 Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995 (Section 6A)

Before the introduction of this new Pension Scheme, social security measures available to
employees were inadequate for they did not provide for monthly pension to members on
superannuation, widow pension on death of employees with representation, children pension
or disablement benefits. To fill the lacunae in the old scheme, the Employees’ Provident
Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions (Amendment) Ordinance 1995 was promulgated by the
President of India, dated 5-1-1996 amending the Act w.e.f. 16-11-1995 conferring power on
the Central Government to frame a suitable scheme incorporating provisions for
superannuation pension, retiring pensions permanent disablement pension to employees and
widow or widow’s pension, children pension or orphan pension payable to beneficiaries of
such employees in the event of death. Upon introduction of the Employees’ Pension Scheme
1995, the Employees Family Pension Scheme, 1971 got merged with the new pension scheme
and ceased to operate. The new scheme provides for comprehensive pensionary coverage to
the member as a income security in their old age and also in the event of their invalidity. The
Scheme provides survivorship benefit to the family upon the death of the member. The
Scheme is applicable to all factories and other establishments to which The Employees’
Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 applies.
(1) The Scheme called the Employees’ Pension Scheme is to provide for,—
(a) superannuation pension, retiring pension or permanent total disablement pension to the
employees of any establishment or class of establishments to which this Act applies; and
(b) widow or widower’s pension, children pension or orphan pension payable to the
beneficiaries of such employees.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Section 6, there shall be established, as soon as
may be after framing of the Pension Scheme, a Pension Fund into which there shall be paid,
from time to time, in respect of every employee who is a member of the Pension Scheme:
(a) such sums from the employer’s contribution under Section 6, not exceeding eight and
one-third per cent of the basic wages, dearness allowance and retaining allowance, if
any, of the concerned employees, as may be specified in the Pension Scheme;

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(b) such sums as are payable by the employers of exempted establishments under Sub-
section (6) of Section 17;
(c) the net assets of the Employees’ Family Pension Fund as on the date of the
establishment of the Pension Fund;
(d) such sums as the Central Government may, after due appropriation by Parliament by law
in this behalf, specify.
(3) On the establishment of the Pension Fund, the Family Pension Scheme (hereinafter
referred to as the ceased scheme) shall cease to operate and all assets of the ceased scheme
shall vest in and shall stand transferred to, and all liabilities under the ceased scheme shall be
enforceable against, the Pension Fund and the beneficiaries under the ceased scheme shall
be entitled to draw the benefits, not less than the benefits they were entitled to under the
ceased scheme, from the Pension Fund.
The pension fund shall vest in and be administered by the Central Board as specified in the
pension scheme.
The Pension Scheme may provide for all or any of the following matters specified in Schedule
III.
Matters for which Provision may be made in the Pension Scheme (Schedule III)
1. The employees or class of employees to whom the Pension Scheme shall apply.
2. The time within which the employees who are not members of the Family Pension
Scheme under Section 6A as it stood before the commencement of the Employees’
Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions (Amendment) Ordinance, 1995
(hereinafter, in this Schedule, referred to as the amending Ordinance) shall opt for the
Pension Scheme.
3. The portion of employers’ contribution to the Provident Fund which shall be credited to
the Pension Fund and the manner in which it is credited.
4. The minimum qualifying service for being eligible for pension and the manner in which
the employees may be granted the benefit of their past service under Section 6A as it
stood before the commencement of the amending Ordinance.
5. The regulation of the manner in which, the period of service for which no contribution is
received.
6. The manner in which employees’ interest will be protected against default in payment of
contribution by the employer.
7. The manner in which the accounts of the pensions fund shall be kept and investment of
moneys belonging to pension fund to be made subject to such pattern of investment as
may be determined by the Central Government.
8. The form in which an employee shall furnish particulars about himself and the members
of his family whenever required.
9. The forms, registers and records to be maintained in respect of employees, required for

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the administration of the Pension Scheme.

10. The scale of pension and pensionary benefits and the conditions relating to grant of such
benefits of the employees.
11. The manner in which the exempted establishments have to pay contribution towards the
Pension Scheme and the submission of return relating thereto.
12. The mode of disbursement of pension and arrangements to be entered into with such
disbursing agencies as may be specified for the purpose.
13. The manner in which the expenses for administering the Pension Scheme will be met
from the income of the Pension Fund.
14. Any other matter which is to be provided for in the Pension Scheme or which may be,
necessary or proper for the purpose of implementation of the Pension Scheme.”
Employees Pension Fund
(1) From and out of the contributions payable by the employer in each month under Section
6 of the Act or under the rules of the Provident Fund of the establishment which is exempted
either under clauses (a) and (b) of Sub-section (1) of Section 17 of the Act or whose
employees are exempted under either paragraph 27 or paragraph 27A of the Employees’
Pension Fund Scheme, 1952 a part of contribution representing 8.33 per cent of the
Employees’ pay shall be remitted by the employer to the Employees’ Pension Fund within
fifteen days of the close of every month by a separate bank draft or cheque on account of the
Employees’ Pension Fund contribution in such manner as may be specified in this behalf by
the Commissioner. The cost of the remittance, if any, shall be borne by the employer.
(2) The Central Government shall also contribute at the rate of 1.16 per cent of the pay of
the members of the Employees’ Pension Scheme and credit the contribution to the
Employees’ Pension Fund :
Provided that where the pay of the member exceeds rupees fifteen thousand per month,
the contribution payable by the employer and the Central Government be limited to the
amount payable on his pay of rupees fifteen thousand only.[G.S.R.609(E)),dated 22 nd
August, 2014]
(3) Each contribution payable under sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be calculated to the
nearest rupee, fifty paise or more to be counted as the next higher rupee and fraction of a
rupee less than fifty paise to be ignored.
(4) The net assets of the Family Pension Scheme, 1971 shall vest in and stand transferred
to the Employees’ Pension Fund.
Payment of contribution
(1) The employer shall pay the contribution payable to the Employees’ Pension Fund in
respect of the member of the Employees’ Pension Fund employed by him directly or by
or through a contractor.
(2) It shall be the responsibility of the principal employer to pay the contributions payable to

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 4.14 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

the Employees’ Pension Fund by himself in respect of the employees directly employed
by him and also in respect of the employees employed by or through a contractor.
[Note: 1. The Central Government through Notification Nos. G.S.R. 149, dated 3rd
September,2010 has amended the Employees’ Pension Scheme,1995 by the Employees’
Pension (Amendment ) Scheme,2010 laying down special provisions in respect to the
International worker.
2. The Scheme has been further amended by Notification Nos. G.S.R. 745(E), dated
5th October,2012 (w.e.f.5-10-2012).regarding determination of eligible service in respect of
International Workers.
This amendment is for the knowledge purpose of the students]

4.5 Employees’ Deposit-Linked Insurance Scheme,1976

(1) Section 6C of the Employees’ Provident Fund Act provides (Amendment Act of 1976),
that the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme to be
called the Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme,1976 for the purpose of providing life
insurance benefits to the employees of any establishment or class of establishments to which
the Act applies [Section 6C(2)].
The Central Government under the Act (Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous
Provisions Act, 1952) framed the Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme, 1976 vide its
Notification dated 28th July, 1976. The Insurance Scheme came into force on the 1st day of
August, 1976.
(2) Soon after the framing of the above scheme, there was established a Deposit-linked
Insurance Fund (called Insurance Fund). The employer shall pay into the fund from time to
time in respect of his employees an amount not exceeding 1% of the aggregate of the basic
wages, dearness allowance and retaining allowance (if any) as the Central Government may,
by notification in the Official Gazette, specify [Section 6(2)].
(3) The employer shall also pay into the fund such further sum of money not exceeding 1/4th
of the contribution which he is required to make as the Central Government may, from time to
time, determine. This payment is required to be made to meet all the expenses in connection
with the administration of the Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme other than the
expenses towards the cost of any benefits provided by or under that scheme [Section
6C(4)(a)].
(4) The Insurance Fund shall vest in the Central Board and be administered by it in such
manner as may be specified in the Insurance Scheme [Section 6C(5)].
(5) The Insurance Scheme may provide for all or any of the matters specified in Schedule IV
[Section 6C(7)].
(6) The Insurance Scheme may provide that any of its provisions shall take effect either
prospectively or retrospectively on such date as may be specified in this behalf in that
Scheme. [Section 6C(7)].
(7) The Central Government may by notification in the Official Gazette add to, amend or vary

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.15

either prospectively or retrospectively, the Scheme (Section 7).

[Note: Under The Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme the contribution payable
by the employer and the Central government shall be limited to the amounts payable on
a monthly pay of rupees fifteen thousand, dearness allowance, retaining allowance(if
any) and cash value of food concession. The contribution by the employer shall be
remitted by him together with administrative charges at such rate as the Central
Government may fix from time to time under section 6(C) of the Act(at present the rate
of contribution is @ 0.05 per cent. of the Insurance fund and its administrative charges
@ 1.01%]
Notification No.G.S.R 334,dated August 29, 1997.
The Provident Fund claims complete in all respects submitted along with the requisite
documents shall be settled and the benefit amount paid to the beneficiaries within 30 days
from the date of its receipt by the Commissioner. If there is any deficiency in the claim, the
same shall be recorded in writing and communicated to the applicant within 30 days from the
date of receipt of such application. In case the Commissioner fails without sufficient cause to
settle a claim complete in all respects within 30 days, the Commissioner shall be liable for the
delay beyond the said period and penal interest at the rate of 12% per annum may be charged
on the benefit amount and the same may be deducted from the salary of the Commissioner.
Certain amendments were made in this scheme in September, 1992 to provide for periodical
submission of certain returns by the employer and for punishment for failure to comply with the
same.
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (Amendment) Scheme, 2010
As per the Notification No. G.S.R.523(E),dated 18th June,2010 amendment made in
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976 by the Employees’ Deposit Linked
Insurance (Amendment) Scheme,2010, by the Ministry of Labour and Employment in
Paragraph 22, Sub-paragraph (1). This modified Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance
(Amendment) Scheme, 2010, Substituted the provision by-
“The Central Government amended the Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme, 1976
by Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance(Amendment) Scheme,2010. According to which on
the death of an employee, who is member of the Fund or of a provident fund exempted under
section 17 of the Act, the person entitled to receive the provident fund accumulations of the
deceased shall, in addition to such accumulations be paid an amount, equal to the average
balance in the account of the deceased in the fund or a provident fund exempted under
section 17 of the Act, as the case may be, during preceding twelve months or during the
period of his membership, whichever is less, except where the average balance exceeds
rupees fifty thousand, the amount payable shall be rupees fifty thousand plus 40% of the
amount in excess of fifty thousand subject to a ceiling of Rupees one lakh.”
This above provision says that the EDLI amount is equal to the average balance of your PF in
the last 12 months or the overall balance, whichever is less. But if the balance exceeds
` 50,000, your nominee will get ` 50,000 plus 40% of the excess balance up to a total of ` 1
lakh.

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 4.16 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (Amendment) Scheme, 2011

As per the Notification No. G.S.R. 9(E),dated 8th January ,2011 , the Central Government
revised the benefits provided to the employees under the Employees’ Deposit Linked
Insurance(Amendment) Scheme,2010. Under the revised scheme, the benefit provided in case
of death of an employee who was member of the Fund or of a Provident fund exempted under
Section 17 of the Act at the time of the death, their family will get 20 times of the average
wages of the last 12 months of the member (subject to a maximum of rupees six thousand five
hundred)
Thus, according to the revised scheme, maximum benefits under the scheme will now be
` 1,30,000, as the wage ceiling upto which contribution can be paid under the scheme is
` 6500.
This amendment has changed the methodology of computation by introducing a new and
additional method for computation of benefit that has to be paid to the nominee of the
deceased along with existing method of computation i.e., as per the EDLI(Amendment)
Scheme, 2010, which ever is higher.
Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance (Amendment) Scheme, 2014
According to the Notification No. G.S.R. 610(E), dated 22nd August, 2014, as per the
above amendment scheme, wage limit upto which contribution can be paid under the
scheme has been revised from rupees six thousand five hundred to rupees fifteen
thousand. And the benefit provided under the scheme shall be further increased by
twenty 20% in additions to the benefits provided under paragraph 22 of the scheme, as
the case may be.

4.6 Other Provisions

Determination of moneys due from employer (Section 7A) : (1) This section of the Act
gives power to the authorities mentioned therein i.e., Central PF Commissioner, Additional
Central P.F Commissioner,Deputy PF Commissioner or any Regional PF Commissioner or any
Assistant P.F Commissioner to decide a dispute regarding the applicability of this Act to an
establishment and determine the amount due from an employer under the provisions of the
Act and the Schemes. This involves decisions on various points of quasi-judicial nature, viz.
(i) amount due as contribution.
(ii) the date from which the same is due.
(iii) the administrative charges.
(iv) amount to be transferred under Sections 15 or 17 of the Act.
(v) any other charges payable by the employer under the Act.
(2) The authorities have been given power to conduct such enquiry as may be deemed
necessary and for this they have been granted powers as are vested in a Court.
(3) An order must not be made unless the employer concerned is given a reasonable
opportunity of representing his case (Sub-section 3).

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(4) Where the employer, employee or any other person required to attend the inquiry under
Sub-section (1) fails to attend such inquiry without assigning any valid reason or fails to
produce any document or to file any report or return when called upon to do so, the officer
conducting the inquiry may decide the applicability of the Act or determine the amount due
from any employer, as the case may be, on the basis of the evidence adduced during such
inquiry and other documents available on record.
(5) Where an order under Sub-section (1) is passed against an employer ex parte, he may,
within three months from the date of communication of such order, apply to the officer for
setting aside such order and if he satisfies the officer that the show cause notice was not duly
served or that he was prevented by any sufficient cause from appearing when the inquiry was
held, the officer shall make an order setting aside his earlier order and shall appoint a date for
proceeding with the inquiry.
(6) No such order shall be set aside merely on the ground that there has been an irregularity
in the service of show cause notice if the officer is satisfied that the employer had notice of the
date of hearing and had sufficient time to appear before the officer. However, where an appeal
has been preferred under this Act against an order passed ex parte and such appeal has been
disposed of otherwise than on the ground that appellant has withdrawn the appeal, no
application shall lie under this Sub-section for setting aside the ex parte order [Section 7A(4)].
(7) No order passed under this section shall be set aside on any application under Sub-
section (4), unless notice thereof has been served on the opposite party.
Thus, the scope of enquiry and manner of conducting the enquiry is at the discretion of the
authority. As the proceedings shall be quasi-judicial and shall vitally affect the rights of the
parties the principle of natural justice must be strictly followed in deciding the dispute in the
proceeding. The employer is entitled to a reasonable opportunity of being heard. The order
made under this section shall be final and will not be called in question in any Court of law.
The applicability of the Act to any class of employees is not determined or decided by any
proceeding under section 7A of the Act but under the provisions of the Act itself. When an Act
became applicable to the employees in question, the liability arises. What is done under
section 7 A of the Act is only determination of quantification of the same[S.K. Nasiruddin Beedi
Merchant Ltd. v. Central PF Commissioner, AIR 2001 SC 850].
Review of orders passed under Section 7A (Section 7B)
(1) Any person aggrieved by an order made under Sub-section (1) of Section 7A, but from which
no appeal has been preferred under this Act, and who, from the discovery of new and important
matter or evidence which, after the exercise of due diligence was not within his knowledge or could
not be produced by him at the time when the order was made, or on account of some mistake or
error apparent on the face of the record or for any other sufficient reason, desires to obtain a
review of such order, may apply for a review of that order, to the officer who passed the order.
(2) Such officer may also on his own motion review his order if he is satisfied that it is
necessary so to do on any such ground.
(3) Every application for the aforesaid review shall be filed in such form and manner and

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within such time as may be specified in the Scheme; and

(4) Where it appears to the officer receiving an application for review that there is no
sufficient ground for a review, he shall reject the application.
(5) Where the officer is of opinion that the application for review should be granted, he shall
grant the same.
Provided that :
(a) no such application shall be granted without previous notice to all the parties before him
to enable them to appear and be heard in support of the order in respect of which a
review is applied for, and
(b) no such application shall be granted on the ground of discovery of new matter or
evidence which the applicant alleges was not within his knowledge or could not be
produced by him when the order was made, without proof of such allegation.
(6) No appeal shall lie against the order of the officer rejecting an application for review, but
an appeal under this Act shall lie against an order passed under review as if the order passed
under review were the original order passed by him under Section 7A.
Determination of escaped amount (Section 7C) : Where an order determining the amount
due from an employer under Section 7A or Section 7B has been passed and if the officer who
passed the order :
(a) has reason to believe that by reason of the omission or failure on the part of the
employer to make any document or report available, or to disclose, fully and truly, all
material facts necessary for determining the correct amount due from the employer, any
amount so due from such employer for any period has escaped his notice;
(b) has, in consequence of information in his possession, reason to believe that any amount
to be determined under Section 7A or Section 7B has escaped from his determination for
any period notwithstanding that there has been no omission or failure as mentioned in
clause (a) on the part of the employer.
He may, within a period of five years from the date of communication of the order passed
under Section 7A or Section 7B, re-open the case and pass appropriate order re-determining
the amount due from the employer in accordance with provisions of this Act.
However, no order re-determining the amount due from the employer shall be passed under
this section unless the employer is given a reasonable opportunity of representing his case.
Key Points
♦ The EPF & Miscellaneous Provisions Act provides institution of following schemes for the
welfare of the employees in the establishments covered by it: .Employees’ Provident Funds
Scheme, Employees’ Pension Scheme, and Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme.
♦ Provident Fund Scheme: Contribution is payable monthly by the employer and the
employee both at equal rate. Here an employer shall contribute to the fund 10 % or 12%
as the case may be, of the basic wages,dearness allowance and retaining allowance,if
any for the time being payable to each of the employees.
♦ Employees’ Pension Scheme: Introduced in 1996 with restrospective effect from 16th

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.19

November 1994. It is framed to provide- (i) superannuation pension, retiring pension or

permanent total disablement pension to the employees ; (ii) widow or widower’s pension,
children pension or orphan pension payable to the beneficiaries of such employees.
♦ Employees’ Deposit-linked Insurance Scheme provides life insurance benefits to the
employees.
♦ For effective management of these Schemes, following authorities is constituted: I.
Central Board, II. Executive Committee III. State Board IV. Officers.
Employees’ Provident Fund Appellate Tribunal (Section 7D) : The Central Government
may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute one or more Appellate Tribunals to be
known as the Employees’ Provident Funds Appellate Tribunal to exercise the powers and
discharge the functions conferred on such Tribunal by this Act and every such Tribunal shall
have jurisdiction in respect of establishments situated in such area as may be specified in the
notification constituting the Tribunal.
A Tribunal shall consist of one person only to be appointed by the Central Government.
A person shall not be qualified for appointment as the Presiding Officer of a Tribunal
(hereinafter referred to as the Presiding Officer), unless he is, or has been, or is qualified to be
a Judge of a High Court; or a District Judge.
Sections 7-E to 7-I provides for the terms and conditions of service of the Presiding Officer
and other Staff of the Appellate Tribunal.
Appeals to Tribunal (Section 7- I): Any person aggrieved by a notification issued by the
Central Government, or an order passed by the Central Government or any authority, under
the proviso to Sub-section (3), or Sub-section (4) of Section 1, or Section 3, or Sub-section (1)
of Section 7A, or Section 7B [except an order rejecting an application for review referred to in
Sub-section (5) thereof], or Section 7C, or Section 14B, may prefer an appeal to a Tribunal
against such notification or order.
Procedure of Tribunals (Section 7J) : A Tribunal shall have power to regulate its own
procedure in all matters arising out of the exercise of its powers or of the discharge of its
functions including the places at which the Tribunal shall have its sittings.
A Tribunal shall, for the purpose of discharging its functions, have all the powers which are
vested in the officers referred to in Section 7A and any proceeding before the Tribunal shall be
deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of Sections 193 and 228, and for the
purpose of Section 196, of the Indian Penal Code and the Tribunal shall be deemed to be a
Civil Court for all the purpose of Section 195 and Chapter XXVI of the Code of Criminal
Procedure, 1973.
Right of appellant to take assistance of legal practitioner and of Government, etc. to
appoint presenting officers (Section 7-K) : A person preferring an appeal to a Tribunal
under this Act may either- (i) appear in person, or (ii) take the assistance of a legal practitioner
of his choice to present his case before the Tribunal.
The Central Government or a State Government or any other authority under this act may

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authorise one or more legal practitioner or any of its officers to act as presenting officers and
every person so authorised may present the case with respect to any appeal before a
Tribunal.
Orders of Tribunal (Section 7-L) : A Tribunal may, after giving the parties to the appeal, an
opportunity of being heard, pass such orders thereon as it thinks fit, confirming, modifying or
annulling the order appealed against or may refer the case back to the authority which passed
such order with such directions as the Tribunal may think fit, for a fresh adjudication or order,
as the case may be, after taking additional evidence, if necessary.
Amendment of order : A Tribunal may, at any time within five years from the date of its order,
with a view to rectifying any mistake apparent from the record, amend any order passed by
Tribunal under section 7 L, and shall make such amendment in the order if the mistake is
brought to its notice by the parties to the appeal.
However, an amendment which has the effect of enhancing the amount due from, or
otherwise, increasing the liability of, the employer shall not be made under this sub-section,
unless the Tribunal has given notice to him of its intention to do so and has allowed him a
reasonable opportunity of being heard. A Tribunal shall send a copy of every order passed
under this section to the parties to the appeal. Any order made by a Tribunal finally disposing
of an appeal shall not be questioned in any Court of law.
Deposit of amount due on filing an appeal (Section 7-O) : No appeal by the employer shall
be entertained by a Tribunal unless he has deposited with it seventy-five per cent of the
amount due from him as determined by an officer referred to in Section 7A.
The Tribunal may, however, for reasons to be recorded in writing, waive or reduce the amount
to be deposited under this section.
Transfer of certain applications to Tribunals (Section 7-P): All applications which are
pending before the Central Government under Section 19A, before its repeal shall stand
transferred to a Tribunal exercising jurisdiction in respect of establishments in relation to
which such applications had been made as if such applications were appeals preferred to the
Tribunal.
Interest payable by the employer (Section 7-Q) : The employer shall be liable to pay simple
interest at the rate of 12% per annum or at such higher rate as may be specified in the Scheme on
any amount due from him under this Act from the date on which the amount has become so due till
the date of its actual payment. However, the higher rate of interest specified in the Scheme cannot
exceed the lending rate of interest charged by any scheduled bank.
Key points
♦ The Central Government may constitute one/more Appellate Tribunal to exercise and
discharge the functions and have jurisdiction in respect of the establishments as may be
specified in the notification constituting the Tribunal. It may be presided by only one
person called as presiding officer and holding office for a term of five years or attains the
age of sixty two years, which ever is earlier.
♦ A Tribunal shall have power to regulate its own procedure in all matters arising out of the

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exercise of its powers or of the discharge of its functions , it have all the powers which are
vested in the officers referred to in Section 7A and any proceeding before the Tribunal
shall be deemed to be a judicial proceeding .
♦ A Tribunal may, after giving the parties to the appeal, an opportunity of being heard pass
an order and within five years from the date of its order may at any time amend any order
passed by it.
Mode of recovery of money due from employers (Section 8) : Any amount due from such
employer as is specified in Section 8 may, if the amount is in arrear, be recovered in the
manner specified in Sections 8B to 8G. For order of demand under Section 8, it is necessary
that there should be a determination of the amount due, if the liability is disputed. An order
under Section 7A(3) is a condition precedent to the making of a demand under Section 8 [A.T.
Union (P.) Ltd. vs. RPF Commissioner].
Section 8 defines the following due amounts which may be recovered from the employers of
the establishments to which the Act applies- (i) Any amount due in respect of any contribution
payable to the EPF/the Insurance fund.(ii) Amount due in relation to damages recoverable
under section 14 B, (iii) Amount due in relation to accumulations required to be transferred
under section 15(2) / 17(5), (iv) Amount due in relation to any charges payable under any
other provisions of the Act or Scheme.
Whereas in respect to an exempted establishment, following due amounts may be recovered
from the employer- Amount due in relation to any damages recoverable under section 14 B,
(ii) Amount due in relation to any charges payable to the appropriate Government under this
Act/ under any conditions specified in section 17,(iii) Amount due in respect of the contribution
payable towards the pension scheme under section 17.
(i) Recovery of moneys by employers and contractors (Section 8A) : The amount of
employers’ and employees’ contribution and any charges on the basis of such contribution for
meeting the cost of administering the fund paid or payable by an employer in respect of an
employee employed by or through a contractor may be recovered by such employer from the
contractor. The recovery may be made by deduction from any amount payable by the
contractor. The contractor in his turn may recover from such employee the employee’s
contribution by deducting from the basic wages, dearness allowance, any retaining allowance
(if any), payable to such employee. But the contractor cannot deduct the employer’s contri-
bution or the charges aforesaid from the total emoluments payable to the employee; nor can
he otherwise recover such contribution or charges from such employee. This is true
irrespective of whether there is any contract to the contrary.
(ii) Issue of certificate to the Recovery Officer (Section 8B) : Where any amount is in
arrear under Section 8, the authorised officer may issue to the Recovery Officer, a certificate
under his signature specifying the amount of arrears and the Recovery Officer on receipt of
such certificate, shall proceed to recover the amount specified therein from the establishment
or as the case may be, the employer by one or more of the modes mentioned below :
(a) attachment and sale of the movable or immovable property of the establishment or, as
the case may be, the employer;

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(b) arrest of the employer and his detention in prison;

(c) appointing a receiver for the management of the movable or immovable properties of the
establishment or, as the case may be, the employer.
The attachment and sale of any property under this section shall, however, be first effected
against the properties of the establishment and where such attachment and sale is insufficient
for recovering the whole of the amount of arrears specified in the certificate, the Recovery
Officer may take such proceedings against the property of the employer for recovery of the
whole or any part of such arrears.
(iii) Recovery Officer to whom certificate is to be forwarded (Section 8C) : The
authorised officer may forward the certificate referred to in Section 8B to the Recovery Officer
within whose jurisdiction the employer :
(a) carries on his business or profession or within whose jurisdiction the principal place of
the establishment is situate; or
(b) resides or any movable or immovable property of the establishment or the employer is
situate.
Where an establishment or the employer has property within the jurisdiction of more than one
Recovery Officer and the Recovery Officer to whom a certificate is sent by the authorised
officer:
(a) is not able to recover the entire amount by the sale of the property, movable or
immovable, within his jurisdiction; or
(b) is of the opinion that, for the purpose of expediting or securing the recovery of the whole
or any part of the amount, it is necessary so to do, he may send the certificate or, where
only a part of the amount is to be recovered, a copy of the certificate in the prescribed
manner and specifying the amount to be recovered to the Recovery Officer within whose
jurisdiction the establishment or the employer has property or the employer resides, and
thereupon that Recovery Officer shall also proceed to recover the amount due under this
section as if the certificate or the copy thereof had been the certificate sent to him by the
authorised officer.
(iv) Stay of proceedings under certificate and amendment or withdrawal thereof
(Section 8E) : Notwithstanding that a certificate has been issued to the Recovery Officer for
the recovery of any amount, the authorised officer may grant time for the payment of the
amount and thereupon the Recovery Officer shall stay the proceeding until the expiry of the
time so granted.
Where a certificate for the recovery of amount has been issued, the authorised officer shall
keep the Recovery Officer informed of any amount paid or time granted for payment,
subsequent to the issue of such certificate.
Where the order giving rise to a demand of amount for which a certificate for recovery has
been issued has been modified in appeal or other proceeding under this Act, and, as a
consequence thereof, the demand is reduced but the order is the subject-matter of further
proceeding under this Act, the authorised officer shall stay the recovery of such part of the

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amount of the certificate as pertains to the said reduction for the period for which the appeal or
other proceeding remains pending.
Where a certificate for the recovery of amount has been issued and subsequently the amount
of the outstanding demand is reduced as a result of an appeal or other proceeding under this
Act, the authorised officer shall, when the order which was the subject-matter of such appeal
or other proceeding has become final and conclusive, amend the certificate or withdraw as the
case may be.
(v) Other modes of recovery (Section 8F) : Notwithstanding the issue of a certificate to the
Recovery Officer under Section 8B, the Central Provident Fund Commissioner or any officer
authorised by the Central Board may recover the amount by any one or more of the modes
provided in this section.
1. If any amount is due from any person to any employer who is in arrears, the Central
Provident Fund Commissioner or any other person authorised by the Central Board in this
behalf may require such person to deduct from the said amount the arrears due from such
employer under this Act, and such person shall comply with any such requisition and shall pay
the sum so deducted to the credit of the Central Provident Fund Commissioner or the officer
so authorised, as the case may be :
This sub-section will not apply to any part of the amount which is exempted from attachment in
execution of a decree of a Civil Court under Section 60 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
(5 of 1908).
2. The Central Provident Fund Commissioner or any other authorized officer may, at any time
or from time to time, by notice in writing, require any person from whom money is due or may
become due to the employer/the establishment or any person who holds or may subsequently
hold money for or on account of the employer / the establishment, to pay to the Central Provi-
dent Fund Commissioner.
There the officer may be required to pay the amount either forthwith upon the money
becoming due or being held or at or within the time specified in the notice ,so much of the
money as is sufficient to pay the amount due from the employer in respect of arrears or the
whole of the money when it is equal to or less than that amount.
3. If the person to whom a notice under this sub-section is sent fails to make payment in
pursuance thereof to the Central Provident Fund Commissioner or the officer so authorised,
he shall be deemed to be an employer in default in respect of the amount specified in the
notice and further proceedings may be taken against him for the realisation of the amount as if
it were an arrear due from him in the manner provided in Sections 8B to 8E.
4. The Central Provident Fund Commissioner or the officer authorised by the Central Board in
this behalf may apply to the Court in whose custody there is money belonging to the employer
for payment to him of the entire amount of such money, or if it is more than the amount due,
an amount sufficient to discharge the amount due.
(vi) Application of certain provisions of Income-tax Act (Section 8-G) : The provisions of
the Second and Third Schedules to the Income-tax Act, 1961 and the tax (Certificate

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 4.24 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

Proceedings) Rules, 1962, as in force, from time to time, shall apply with necessary
modifications as if the said provisions and the rules referred to the arrears of the amount
mentioned in Section 8 of this Act instead of the income-tax.
However, any reference in the said provisions and the rules to the “assessee” shall be
construed as a reference to an employer as defined in this “Act”.
Key Points
♦ Mode of recovery: Any amount due from an employer may be recovered in the manner
specified in Sections 8B to 8G. The authoprised officer may issue a certificate specifying
the amount of arrears to the Recovery officer who shall proceed to recover the amount
from the establishment or the employer by attachment and sale of movable/immovable
property, arresting and detaining the employer and/or appointing a receiver.
♦ The authorised officer may grant time for the payment of the amount and thereupon the
Recovery Officer shall stay the proceeding until the expiry of the time so granted.
♦ The other modes of recovery: The Central PF Commissioner /any other officer authorized
by the Central Board may recover by any one or more of the following modes- Recovery
from the person who owes money to the employer, recovery by application to court
having custody of the money of the employer and /or recovery by distraint and sale of
movable property.
Fund to be recognised under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Section 9) : For the purposes of
Income-tax Act, 1961, the Fund shall be deemed to be a recognised Provident Fund. Even if
any provision of the Scheme under which the Fund is established is repugnant to any of the
provisions of the Income-tax Act in this regard, the provision of the Scheme remains effective
and operative.
Protection against attachment (Section 10) : This provision provide protection to the
employees and the nominees against attachment of amount standing to the credit of the fund.
(i) Protection to employee-The amount standing to the credit of any member in the Fund
or credit of any exempted employee in provident fund shall not in any way be capable of,
being assigned or charged and shall not be liable to attachment under any decree or order of
any Court in respect of any debt or liability incurred by the member or the exempted
employee. Neither the Official Assignee appointed under the Presidency-Town Insolvency Act,
1909 nor any Receiver appointed under the Provincial Insolvency Act, 1920, shall be entitled
to or have any claim on any such amount.
(ii) Protection to nominee- The amount standing to the credit of the aforesaid categories of
persons at the time of their death and payable to their nominees under the Scheme or the
rules vest in nominees. And the amount shall be free from any debt or other liability incurred
by the deceased or the nominee before the death of the member or of the exempted employee
and shall also not be liable to attachment under any decree or order of any Court.
Priority of payment of contribution over other debts (Section 11) : If the employer is
adjudged an insolvent or if the employer is a company and an order for winding thereof has
been made, the amount due from the employer whether in respect of the employee’s

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.25

contribution or the employer’s contribution must be included among the debts which are to be
paid in priority to all other debts under Section 49 of the Presidency-Towns Insolvency Act,
Section 61 of the Provincial Insolvency Act, Section 530 of the Companies Act, 1956, in the
distribution of the property of the insolvent or the assets of the company. In other words, this
payment will be a preferential payment provided the liability therefor has accrued before this
order of adjudication or winding up is made.
This provision is substantial as it declares that PF dues shall be made a first charge on the
assets of the establishment and shall be paid in priorty to other debts. The social purpose
behind the section is to protect the terminal social security dues of workmen and therefore,
need to be given higher priorty as intended by the Parliament.[Recovery Officer and Assistant
PF Commissioner v. Kerala Financial Corporation,2002 LLJ 643(Ker)]
Employer not to reduce wage etc. (Section 12): No employer in relation to any
establishment to which any Scheme applies shall by reason only of his liability for the payment
of any contribution to the Funds or any charge under this Act or the Scheme, reduce directly
or indirectly the wages of any employee or the total quantum of benefits in the nature of old-
age pension, gratuity fund to which the employee is entitled under the term of his employment-
express or implied.
Inspector (Section 13): The power to appoint Inspectors has been vested in appropriate
Government for the purpose of the Act and Scheme. The area of jurisdiction is also for the
appropriate Government to decide upon. Appointment and the area assigned are to be notified
in the Official Gazette.
Sub-section (2) deals with the powers of inspectors. These are general powers by means of
which the inspectors may carry out their particular duties. The sub-section, inter-alia, vested
the inspectors with powers to :
(a) collect information and require the employer or any contractor from whom any amount is
recoverable under Section 8A to furnish such information as he may consider necessary;
(b) at any reasonable time and with necessary assistance, enter and search any
establishment or any premises connected therewith;
(c) require any one found in charge of the above-mentioned establishment or premises to
produce before him for examination any accounts, books, registers and other documents
relating to the employment of persons or the payment of wages in the establishment;
(d) examine, in respect of any matter relevant to any of the purposes aforesaid, the
employer or any contractor from whom any amount is recoverable under section 8A, his
agent or servant or any other person found in charge of the establishment or any
premises connected therewith or whom the inspector has reasonable cause to believe to
be or to have been, an employee in an establishment
(e) make copies of, or take extract from any book, register or other document maintained in
relation to the establishment and, where he has reason to believe that any offence under
this Act has been committed by an employer, seize with such assistance as he may think
fit, such book, register or other document or portions thereof as he may consider relevant

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 4.26 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

in respect of that offence;

(f) exercise each other powers as the scheme may provide.
By virtue of Sub-section (2A) any inspector may, for the purpose of enquiring into correctness
of any information furnished in connection with the Pension Scheme or for the purpose of
ascertaining whether any of the provisions of the Act or of the Pension Scheme have been
complied with in respect of an establishment to which the Pension Scheme applies, exercise
all or any of the powers conferred on him under the clauses mentioned in the preceding
paragraph.
Sub-section (2B) provides that the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code shall, so far as
may be, apply to any search or seizure mentioned in the earlier paragraphs.
Penalties (Section 14): This Section deals with punishment for breaches of the provisions of
the Act and the Scheme. Sub-section (1) provides for penalty for knowingly making or causing
to be made, any false statement or false representation for avoiding any payment to be made
by himself or of enabling any other person to avoid such payment. Such penalty is in the form
of imprisonment for a term extending to one year or of fine extending to ` 5,000 or both.
Under Sub-section (1A), an employer who contravenes or makes default in complying with
provisions of Section 6 or Section 17(3)(a) in so far as it relates to the payment of inspection
charges, or Paragraph 38 of the Scheme in so far as it relates to the payment of administrative
charges, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 years, but—
(a) which shall not be less than 1 year and a fine of ` 10,000 in case of default in payment of
the employees’ contribution deducted from his wages; (b) which shall not be less than six
months and a fine of ` 5,000, in any other case. It may, however, be noted that the Court may,
for any adequate and special reasons to be recorded in the judgment, impose a sentence of
imprisonment for lesser term.
According to Sub-section (1B), an employer who contravenes or makes default in complying
with the provisions of Section 6C or Section 17(3A)(a) in so far as it relates to the payment of
inspection charges, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 1
year. But it shall not be less than six months and shall also be liable to fine which may extend
to ` 5,000. The Court may however, for any adequate and special reasons to be recorded in
the judgment, impose a sentence of imprisonment for a lesser term.
Sub-section (2) provides that subject to the provisions of this Act, the Scheme, the Pension
Scheme or the Insurance Scheme may provide that any person who contravenes or makes
default in complying with any of the provisions thereof shall be punishable with imprisonment
for a term extending to 1 year, or with fine extending to ` 4,000, or with both.
Sub-section (2A) provides penalty where no other penalty is provided under this Act:
(i) for contravention or default in complying with the provisions of the Act, or (ii) of any condi-
tion subject to which exemption was granted under Section 17 of the Act. The penalty
provided is imprisonment upto 6 months but not less than 1 month and fine upto ` 5,000.
Offences by companies (Section 14A): This Section deals with prosecution of the
companies which include firms and other associations of individuals; it also deals with the

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.27

liability of officers, directors, partners, etc., of the company. If the offence under the Act is
committed by a company, then the liability for the offence lies both on the company and on the
person in charge of or responsible to the company at the time when the offence was
committed. The company and the person as such would be jointly and severally responsible
for the offence. Both can be proceeded against and punished for the offence. According to the
proviso, the company and such person can be exonerated from liability if they proves: (a) that
the offence was committed without its/his knowledge; or (b) that it/he exercised all due
diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
Sub-section (2) limits the scope of the Proviso mentioned above. If the prosecution proves that
the offence: (a) was committed with the (i) consent; or (ii) connivance; or (b) is attributable to
any negligence on the part of a director, manager secretary or other officer of the company,
then such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of the
offence and liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Enhanced punishment in certain cases after previous conviction (Section 14AA): This
Section deals with imposition of enhanced penalty, after the previous conviction. The
conditions are: (a) that there should have been a conviction of offence punishable under this
Act or the Scheme of the Pension Scheme, or the Insurance Scheme; (b) that the person
convicted must be found guilty of an offence involving the commission of the same offence.
The punishment for the conviction of the subsequent offence is imprisonment which should not
be less than 2 years but can go up to five years. Further, there must be an additional
imposition of the fine extending to ` 25,000.
Certain offences to be cognizable (Section 14AB): This Section renders the offences
relating to default in payment of contribution by the employer a cognizable offence. A
cognizable offence is one where the police can arrest a person without warrant.
Cognizance and trial of offence (Section 14AC): This section deals with the complaints in
regard to offences under the Act, the scheme or the Pension Scheme or Insurance Scheme
and their cognizance.
The essential conditions of cognizance of offences are :
(a) There must be a report in writing of the facts constituting such offence,
(b) This report must be made with the previous sanction of the :
(i) Central Provident Fund Commissioner; or
(ii) Such officer as may be authorised by the Central Government;
(c) The report must be made by an Inspector appointed under Section 13.
These conditions being co-existent, no Court inferior to that of a Presidency Magistrate or a
Magistrate of the first class shall try any offence under this Act, or the Scheme or the Pension
Scheme or the Insurance Scheme.
Cognizance means jurisdiction or right to try and determine cases: Taking cognizance
occurs as soon as Magistrate, as such, applies his mind to the suspected commission of an
offence [Ajit Kumar vs. State of West Bengal AIR 1963 S.C. 765]. Section 190 of the Code of

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 4.28 Business Law, Ethics and Communication

Criminal Procedure, 1973 empowers a Magistrate of the first class to take cognizance of an
offence in three ways, viz. (i) on complaint; (ii) on police report; and (iii) on information from
any person other than a police officer or on his own knowledge. It may be noted that Section
14-AC of the Act makes it necessary that in order to launch a prosecution, the facts con-
stituting the offence have to be stated. If the facts stated do not disclose an offence, the
prosecution cannot be proceeded with; also that complaint means the allegation made orally
or in writing to a Magistrate (Court) with a view to his taking action under the Cr. P.C. that
some person, whether known or unknown, has committed an offence but it does include the
report of a police report [Gopal Das Sakseria vs. State of Uttar Pradesh, 1956 1 L.J. 11].
Power to Recover (Section 14-B): An employer may make default: (a) in payment of
contribution to the fund, pension fund or insurance fund; (b) in transfer of the accumulations
required to be transferred under Section 15 (to be discussed later on) or (c) in the payment of
any charges payable (i) under the provisions of the Act, or (ii) under any Scheme or Insurance
Scheme, or (iii) under any of the conditions specified under Section 17 (to be dwelt upon later
on). If he so does in any of the aforesaid circumstance, then the Central Provident Fund
Commissioner or such officers as may be authorised by the Central Government by
notification in the Official Gazette in this behalf may recover from employer certain amount of
damages. Such amount may be anything but not exceeding the actual amount of arrears, as
specified in the Scheme.
The Central Board may; however, reduce or waive the damages levied under this Section in
relation to an establishment which is a sick industrial company and in respect of which a
scheme for rehabilitation has been sanctioned by the Board for Industrial and Financial
Reconstruction (BIFR) established under Section 4 of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special
Provisions) Act, 1985, subject to such terms and conditions as may be specified in the scheme.
However, before levying or recovering such damages, the employer has to be afforded a
reasonable opportunity of being heard.
The delay in making payments should not prejudice the employees for whose benefit the fund
is created. Where ‘default’ is found, but no apparent ‘fault’, the quantum of damages should be
compensatory rather then penal in nature [Shanti Garments Pvt. v. Regional PF
Commissioner, 2003 LLR 256 (Mad)]
Power of Court to make orders (Section 14-C): Where an employer is convicted of an
offence of making default of any one of the kinds mentioned in Section 14-B above the Court
may, in addition to awarding any punishment, by order in writing require him within a specified
period in the order to pay the amount of contribution or transfer the accumulations, as the
case may be, in respect of which the offence was committed. The period referred to in this
order may, however, be extended by the Court if it thinks fit and on application in this behalf
from time to time.
By virtue of Sub-section (2) of the Section, the impact of the aforesaid order of the Court
would be that the clause in the order relating to continuance of the offence would remain sus-
pended. If, however, on the expiry of the specified time, or as the case may be, the extended
time, the order remains uncomplied with, then this default will be regarded as a further
offence. For this further offence, the employer shall be liable to be punished with imprisonment

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.29

under Section 14 and shall also be liable to a fine extending upto ` 100 for every day after
such expiry on which the order has not been complied with.
Special provisions relating to existing provident funds (Section 15): This Section deals
with the provisions relating to existing provident funds prior to the application of the Scheme or
after the application of the scheme.
The implication of the opening phrase, viz., “subject to the provisions of Section 17” (dilated
upon later on), is that if an exemption has been granted to the already existing rule regarding
Provident Fund, then the provisions of Section 17 and the conditions laid down therein shall
apply.
The section saves the existing provident Fund. That is to say, it shall, pending the application
of the scheme, be operated and worked as though the Act had not been enforced. Therefore,
every employee who is a subscriber to the existing provident fund of an establishment,
pending the application of any scheme to the establishment, continues to be entitled to the
benefits accruing to him under the provident fund; and the provident fund shall continue to be
maintained in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as it would have been if
this Act had not been passed.
On the application of the scheme to the fund already in existence, the amount standing to the
credit of the employee who becomes a member shall be transferred to the fund established
under the scheme. The condition contained in the scheme shall supersede all provisions of
law or deed or instrument if there is anything to the contrary.
Act not to apply to certain establishments (Section 16): This Act does not apply to the
following classes of establishments, namely:
(a) an establishment under the Co-operative Societies Act, 1912 or under any other law
relating to co-operative societies in any State, employing less than 50 persons and
working without the aid of power; or
(b) any other establishment belonging to or under the control of the Central Government or a
State Government and whose employees are entitled to the benefit of contributory
provident fund or old age pension in accordance with any scheme or rule framed by the
Central Government or the State Government governing such benefits; or
(c) to any other establishment set up under any Central, Provincial or State Act and whose
employees are entitled to the benefits of contributory provident fund or old age pension in
accordance with any scheme or rule framed under the Act governing pension in
accordance with any scheme or rule framed under that Act governing such benefits; or
Sub-section (2) of the section further empowers the Central Government to exempt whether
prospectively or retrospectively any class of establishments (not an individual establishment
unless it constitutes a class within itself) from the operation of the Act, if the Government
thinks necessary or expedient after taking into consideration the financial position of the
establishment or other circumstances of the case. This exemption can be granted only through
notification in the Official Gazette.
Authorising certain employers to maintain a P.F. Account (Section 16-A): 1.

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Requirement for maintaining a PF account- The Central Government may, on an

application made to it in this behalf by the employer and the majority of employees in relation
to an establishment employing one hundred or more persons, authorise the employer by an
order in writing, to maintain a provident fund account in relation to the establishment subject to
such terms and conditions as may be specified in the Scheme.
Exception- No authorisation shall be made under this sub-section if the employer of such
establishment had committed any: (a) default in the payment of provident fund contribution, or
(b) other offence under this Act during the three years immediately preceding the date of such
authorisation.
2. Maintaining of accounts, submitting retuns, deposition of contribution etc.- Where
an establishment is authorised to maintain a provident fund account as aforesaid, the
employer in relation to such establishment shall maintain such account, submit such return,
deposit the contribution in such manner, provide for such facilities for inspection, pay such
administrative charges, and abide by such other terms and conditions, as may be specified in
the Scheme.
Cancellation of authorization- Any authorisation made under this section may be cancelled
by the Central Government by order in writing if the employer fails to comply with any of the
terms and conditions of the authorisation or where he commits any offence under any
provision of this Act.
Before cancelling the authorisation, the Central Government shall give the employer a
reasonable opportunity of being heard.
Power to exempt (Section 17): The exemption from the operation of all or any of the
provisions of any scheme may be granted by the appropriate Government. The exemption
order is required to be notified in the Official Gazette. The exemption can be conditional. The
condition shall have to be specified in the notification published in the Official Gazette. It can
be from all or any of the provisions of the Scheme or Pension Scheme applicable to the
establishment and may be made prospectively or retrospectively.
1. Exemption from rules in force- While granting exemption, the appropriate Government
shall see that, in its opinion, the rules in force regarding provident fund or pension in the
establishment:
(i) with respect to the rates of contribution, or
(ii) with respect to other provident fund benefits
are not less favourable to employees than the benefits provided in the Act or the Scheme in
relation to the establishment;
No exemption under this Section shall be made without consultation with the Central Board.
2. Where an exemption has been granted to an establishment :
(a) the provision of Sections 6, 7-A, 8 and 14-B shall, so far as may be, apply to the
employer of the exempted establishment in addition to such other conditions as may be
specified in the notification granting such exemption, and where such employer

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 The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952 4.31

contravenes, or makes default in complying with any of the said provisions or conditions
or any other provision of the Act, he shall be punishable under Section 14 as if the said
establishment had not been exempted;
(b) the employer shall establish a Board of Trustees for the administration of the provident
fund as per the terms specified in Section 17(1-A).
3. Exemption from operation of pension schmes on employees- Any Scheme may
make a provision for exemption of any person or class of persons employed in any
establishment to which the Scheme applies from the operation of all or any of the provisions of
the Scheme, if the benefits enjoyed (all taken together) in respect of provident fund, gratuity or
old-age pension are on the whole not less favourable than the benefits provided under this Act
or the Scheme. But no such exemptions can be granted in respect of a class of persons,
unless the appropriate Government is of the opinion that the majority of persons constituting
such class desire to continue to be entitled to such benefits [Sub-section (2)].
4. Exemption to establishment from the operation of the Insurance scheme-The Central
Provident Fund Commissioner may grant exemption to any establishment from the operation of
all or any of the provisions of the Insurance Scheme, whether prospectively or retrospectively.
This exemption may be granted by notification in the Official Gazette and subject to such
conditions as may be specified in the notification. The Central Provident Fund Commissioner
may exempt: (a) if it is requested to do so by the employer and (b) if it is satisfied that the
employees of such establishment are, without making any separate contribution or payment of
premium, in enjoyment of benefits in the nature of life insurance, whether or not linked to their
deposits in the provident fund, and such benefits are more favourable to such employees than
the benefits admissible under the Insurance Scheme [Sub-section (2-A)].
5. Exemption to persons from the operation of the Insurance scheme- The Insurance
Scheme may provide for the exemption to any person or class of persons employed in any
establishment and covered by that scheme from the operation of all or any of the provisions
thereof. This exemption is admissible if the benefits in the nature of life insurance admissible
to such person or class of persons are more favourable than the benefits provided under the
Insurance Scheme [Sub-section (2-B)].
6. Responsibilities of employers in relation to an exempted establishments- Where, in
respect of any person or class of persons employed in an establishment an exemption is
granted, there employer have following responsibilities in relation to such establishment: (a)
shall in relation to provident fund, pension and gratuity to which any such person or class of
persons is entitled- maintain such accounts, submit such returns, make such investment,
provide for such facilities for inspection any pay such inspection charges as the Central
Government may direct; (b) shall not at any time after the exemption, without the leave of the
Central Government- reduce the total quantum of benefits in the nature of pension, gratuity or
provident fund to which any such person or class of persons was entitled at the time of the
exemption; and (c) shall, where any such person leaves his employment and obtain re-
employment in another establishment to which this Act applies- transfer within such time as
may be specified in this behalf by the Central Government, the amount of accumulations to the
credit of the person in the provident fund of the establishment left by him to the credit of that

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person’s account in the provident fund of the establishment in which he is re-employed or, as
the case may be, in the fund established under the Scheme applicable to the establishment
[Sub-section (3)].
Notification Under Section 17(3):
In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (a) of Sub-section (3) of Section 17, the Central
Government directs that every employer in relation to an establishment exempted under
clause (a) or (b) of Sub-section (1) of Section 17 or in relation to any employee or class of
employees exempted shall transfer the monthly provident fund contributions in respect of the
establishment or as the case may be of the employee or class of employees within 15 days of
the close of the month to the Board of Trustees duly constituted in respect of that
establishment, and that the said Board of Trustees shall invest every month within a period of
two weeks from the date of receipt of the said contributions from the employee, the provident
fund accumulations in respect of that establishment or as the case may be, of the employee or
class of employees, that is to say, the contributions, interest, and other receipts as reduced by
any obligatory outgoings in accordance with the investment pattern as envisaged in the
Notification No. S.O. 937 dated 27th March 1997.
7. Responsiblities of employers in relation to exempted employees- Where an
exemption is granted under section 17 (2-A) or 17(2-B), the employer in relation to such
establishment: (a) shall in relation to the benefits in the nature of life insurance to which any
such person or class of persons is entitled or any insurance fund, maintain such accounts,
submit such returns, make such investments, provide for such facilities for inspection and pay
such inspection charges so the Central Government may direct (b) shall not, at any time after
the exemption, without the leave of the Central Government, reduce the total quantum of
benefits in the nature of life insurance to which any such person or class of persons was
entitled immediately before the date of the exemption; and (c) shall, where any such person
leaves his employment and obtains re-employment in another establishment to which this Act
applies, transfer within such time as may be specified in this behalf by the Central
Government, the amount of accumulations to the credit of that person in the insurance fund of
the establishment left by him to the credit of that person’s account in the insurance fund of the
establishment in which he is re-employed or, as the case may be, in the Deposit-linked
Insurance Fund [Sub-section (3-A)].
8. Cancellation of exemption- The exemption granted under this Section can be cancelled
in case of failure on the part of an employer to comply with the terms and conditions imposed
on which exemptions were granted under various sub-sections mentioned above. In that case,
the accumulations to the credit of an employee would be transferred to the relative Funds
mentioned above [Sub-sections (4 and 5)].
The appropriate Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, and subject to the
condition on the pattern of investment of pension fund and such other conditions as may be
specified therein, exempt any establishment or class of establishments from the operation of
the Pension Scheme if the employees of such establishment or class of establishments are
either members of any other pension scheme or proposes to be members of such pension
scheme, where the pensionary benefits are at par or more favourable than the Pension

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Scheme under this Act [Section 17(1)]

Transfer of accounts (Section 17-A): This Section provides for the transfer of accounts of an
employee in case if his leaving the employment and taking up employment in another
establishment and to deal with the case of an establishment to which this Act applies and also
to which it does not apply. The option to get the amount transferred is that of the employee.
1. Where an employee of an establishment to which this Act applies leaves his
employment and obtains re-employment in another establishment to which this Act
does not apply- there the amount of accumulations to the credit of such employee in the
Fund or, as the case may be, in the provident fund in the establishment left by him shall be
transferred to the credit of his account in the provident fund of the establishment in which he is
re-employed, if the employee so desires and the rules in relation to that provident fund permit
such transfer. This transfer has to be made within such time as may be specified by the
Central Government in this behalf [Sub-section (1)].
2. Conversely, when an employee of an establishment to which this Act does not
apply leaves his employment and obtains re-employment in another establishment to
which this Act applies- there the amount of accumulations to the credit of such employee in
the provident fund of the establishment left by him, if the employee so desires and the rules in
relation to such provident fund permit, may be transferred to the credit of his account in the
fund or as the case may be, in the provident fund of the establishment in which he is re-
employed [Sub-section (2)].
Act to have effect notwithstanding anything contained in the Life Insurance Corporation
Act, 1956 (Section 17-AA): In case of any inconsistency between this Act and LIC Act, 1956,
this Section provides that the Employees Provident Fund, etc. Act will prevail over the
provisions of the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956.
Liability in case of transfer of establishment (Section 17-B):
Section 17-B deals with the liability of transferor and transferee in case of transfer of
establishment in regard to the money due under: (a) the Act; or (b) the Scheme; (c) Pension
Scheme. In the case of transfer of the establishment brought in by sale, gift, lease, or any
other manner whatsoever, the liability of the transferor and the transferee is joint and several,
but is limited with respect to the period up to the date of the transfer. Also the liability of the
transferee is further limited to the assets obtained by him from the transfer of the
establishment.
Protection of action taken in good faith (Section 18): No suit, prosecution or other legal
proceeding shall lie against the Central Government, a State Government, the presiding
Officer of a Tribunal, any authority referred to in Section 7-A, an Inspector or any other person
for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done in pursuance of this Act, the
Scheme, the Pension Scheme or the Insurance Scheme.
Presiding Officer and other officers to be public servants (Section 18-A): The Presiding
Officer of a Tribunal, its officers and other employees, the authorities referred to in Section 7-
A and every inspector shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of Section 21
of the Indian Penal Code.

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Delegation of powers (Section 19): The appropriate Government may direct that any power
or authority or jurisdiction exercisable by it under this Act, the Scheme, the Pension Scheme
or the Insurance Scheme shall, in relation to such matters and subject to such conditions, if
any, as may be specified in the direction, be exercisable also (a) where the appropriate
Government is the Central Government, by such officer or authority subordinate to the Central
Government or by the State Government or by such officer or authority subordinate to the
State Government as may be specified in the notification; (b) where the appropriate
Government is a State Government by such officer or authority subordinate to the State
Government as may be specified in the notification.
Power to remove difficulties (Section 22): If any doubt or difficulty arises in giving effect to
the provisions of this Act, and particularly, in respect of : (i) cases where an establishment
which is a factory, is engaged in any industry specified in Schedule I;(ii) whether any
particular establishment is an establishment falling within the class of establishments to which
this Act applies by virtue of a notification under Section 1(3) (b); or (iii) the number of persons
employed in an establishment; or (iv) the number of years which have elapsed from the date
on which an establishment has been set up; (v) whether the total quantum of benefit to which
an employee is entitled has been reduced by the employer- there the Central Government
may, by order, make such provisions or give such directions, not inconsistent with the
provisions of this Act, as appear to it to be necessary or expedient for the removal of the doubt
or difficulty and the order of the Central Government in such cases shall be final.

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