(i) Whom does 'she' refer to in the first line of the extract?

act? What is said about her in the extract?

'She' refers to a gossip reporter who brought news of the ship of Antonio that had been wrecked. Here
'rumour' is personified as a woman who brought news of ruin of a ship laden with rich cargo.

(ii) What was said earlier about the pace where a s ,yip of Antonio was wrecked? Where did the news
about the ship-wreckage spread?
It was said that Antonio's ship laden with rich cargo was wrecked in the shallow part of the North Sea off
the east coast of England, known as the Goodwin Sands known as an excellent fishing ground

(iii) Give the meaning of:

without any slips of prolixity or crossing the plain highway of talk.
Without any lapses in tedious talks or without any untruth or lies in it

(iv) What feelings for Antonio are expressed by Salarino and Salanio in this extract?
Salarino and Salanio feel sympathetic and a nervous and wish that the news of Antonio's losses wasn't
true. They were despoured as Antonio's impending misfortune that depended on the will of the crafty
Jew.

(v) How does Shylock react to the loss of Antonio's ship?

Shylock is pleased as he knew if Antonio was unable to repay his debt, lie would get the golden
opportunity of taking his revenge on him. for the many insults inflicted on him. He also shows how
adamant he was take Antonio's pound of flesh and would not show any humility or humanity.

(i) Whose flight is being talked about? Where has the person flown? With whom has the person flown?
The elopement of Jessica, with Lorenzo is being talking about. Jessica has escaped f Shylock's house and
along with, Lorenzo she has gone to Belmont. from

(ii) What bad news, besides the flight of the bird, is given just before the arrival of Shylock?
Just before the arrival of Shylock, Salanio and Salarino talk about the sad news of Antonio's heavy loss at
sea as his richly laden ship had been wrecked in the narrow North Sea off the east coast of England.

(iii) Give the meaning of:

the bird was fledged;
and then it is the complexion of thenz,all to leave the dam.
Here, Jessica is the 'bird' that was ready for its flight as it is the nature of birds to leave the nest.

(iv) What steps has Shylock taken to get back the flown bird?
Shylock demands that the Duke of Venice gets Bassanio's ship searched which was impossible as
Bassanio had already sailed. Shylock raved in the streets lamenting the escape of his daughter with a
Christian.

(v) How does Salarino compare the character of the flown bird and of Shylock after the extract?
Salarino comments that there was a marked difference between Jessica's and Shylock's flesh as it was
between coal and ivory: Even their blood differed just as red wine and white Rhine wine.
(i) What is meant by a 'bankrupt'. as well as a 'prodigal'? Why has the man gone bankrupt? Why is he
called a prodigal?'
'Bankrupt' means a man who is left with no money. 'Prodigal' means a spendthrift who spends money
recklessly. Antonio is called a wasteful person as he was in a habit of lending money to people for
Christian courtesy. He had borrowed a large sum to assist his friend, Bassanio. As such Shylock calls him
a 'prodigal' out of hatred for him.

(ii) What is known as Rialto? Why was the man said to go 'so smug upon the mart'?
'Rialto' is the commercial market place, where financial dealings were done. Antonio, after his huge
losses, was now reduced to beggary. He earlier used to come to the market place with' a smiling and
self-satisfied expression as he wanted to scorn Shylock who was a usurer.

(iii) Give some incidents to show that the man referred to in the extract used to insult Shylock.
Antonio had abused him, spat on his beard, called him a misbeliever and a cutthroat dog. He had even
lent money to people without interest, thus giving a blow to Shylock's business. He had humiliated him
by calling him a usurer and had even hit him _with his foot, treating him like a stranger cur. He had
insulted his religion and crossed his deals.

(iv) How did the 'bankrupt' cause loss to Shylock in Venice?

By lending money to people who would have otherwise taken loan from Shylock, Antonio gave a bad
stroke to Shylock's business. As such Antonio's generosity. affected his financial transactions.

(v) How is the bankrupt likely to go into a loss? How will such a loss affect Shylock as far as his revenge
and financial position is concerned?
As Antonio's ship were wrecked and his ventures failed, he was to go into total loss. Antonio had signed
a bond with Shylock that if he would not repay the debt which he had borrowed from him for Bassanio,
he would- pay the penalty. Now that Antonio was bankrupt, Shylock could take his revenge by taking a
pound of flesh from Antonio's body.

(i) Who is the thief referred to in the extract? What had the thief stolen? What loss has Shylock suffered
due, to the theft?
The 'thief' is Jessica, Shylock's daughter who had stolen her father's precious jewels and ducats before
eloping with Lorenzo. Besides losing his wealth and jewels, he had also spent so much to locate the thief.

(ii) Who is Tubal? Why did he go to Genoa?

Tubal is a wealthy Jew and a friend of Shylock. He had gone to Genoa in search of Lorenzo and Jessica.

(iii) What news did Tubal bring from Genoa about the thief? Ans. Tubal was unsuccessful in finding Jessica.
He says that often at some places, he heard of I her, but he was unable to find her.

(iv) State what ill-luck befell Antonio. Why was Shylock happy over the news?
Antonio's ship had been wrecked in the south east coast of England and his rich cargo had been ruined.
All his ventures had failed and he was now rendered bankrupt. Shylock was pleased as he knew that the
bond would be forfeited and he would get an opportunity on his most, hated enemy Antonio.
(v) The-extract refers to 'satisfaction' and 'revenge'. In what context are these expressions used by
Shylock?
Shylock has no 'satisfaction' of being successful in finding his daughter. His thirst for revenge on Lorenzo,
Jessica and Antonio could be saliated.

(vi) In the context of the theft, what reference does Shylock make of his bachelor days?
Shylock wished that his daughter were dead at his foot, and the ducats in her coffin and she were
trained at his feet. He had lost his two thousand dollars of money and many precious jewels. Shylock got
his turquoise ring from Leah, his wife who brought them for him when he was single. He would not have
traded it for the wilderness of monkeys.

(i) Why does Tubal say that Antonio is, undone? What makes him say with certainty that Antonio is
undone?
Tubal says that Antonio is undone because he has heard from some of the' sailors he met in Genoa that
one of Antonio's large ships has been wrecked on the way back from Tripolis.

(ii) In what mood is Shylock in this scene? How is Tubal said to be torturing him?
In this scene, Shylock is in a mood of grief. He feels as if he is the only one in the world suffering from ill
luck. Tubal is said to be torturing Shylock by giving alternate accounts of Antonio's losses and Jessica's
extravagances. He alternately makes Shylock elated and depressed for apparently no reason. He 'elates
him by the news of wreckage of Antonio's ship on its way back from Tripolis, while he depresses him by
saying that he could not find Jessica and that she had spent eighty ducats on one evening and exchanged
a ring with a merchant for a monkey.

(iii) What is Shylock's reaction on hearing about Antonio's misfortune? How is he going to punish Antonio?
What would he gain by his revengeful action?-
Antonio's misfortune Farces Shylock elated because he will be able to take his revenge on Antonio. He
will punish Antonio by exacting a pound of flesh from any part of his body. By his revengeful action, he
would avenge his hatred for Antonio and the christians further, if Antonio is removed from Venice, he
can make profits as he likes.

(iv) Give the meaning of:

(a) a wilderness of monkeys.
(b) I can make what merchandise I will.
(a) A horde of monkeys. It means that Shylock would not have exchanged his Turquoise ring even for a
horde of monkeys.
(b) (b) It means that one Antonio is out of Venice, Shylock can make as 'much profits as he wants.

(v) What is a synagogue? What can you conclude from Shylock's journey towards the synanogue?
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. Shylock's journey to the synagogue gives us the clue that he will
take revenge on Antonio. Shylock believes in the old Mosaic law, which prescribed an eye for an eye, and
a tooth for a tooth. So, Shylock feels he is justified in taking revenge against his enemy of his religion and
race.

(vi) In what way by the end of the scene, does Shylock convince the audience that his attack on Antonio is
without any mercy'?
Shylock's passion for revenge and his complete justification of it is given in this scene. He - explains the
insults he has suffered unjustly and his right to take revenge. He believes that he is doing as his enemies
would do. The fierceness of his thirst for revenge is expressed in his final threat. ‘I will have the heart of
him'. Shylock states that Jews are no different from Christians and they will follow their example in the
matter of revenge too.