Philosophical Worldview
Worldview is a cognitive orientation of an individual or society that includes all
knowledge and point of view of an individual or society, including natural philosophy;
fundamental, existential, and normative assumptions; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics
(wikipedia). Post-positivism worldview is sometimes called the scientific method, or doing
science research. This last term is called post-positivism because it represents the thinking after
positivism, challenging the traditional notion of the absolute truth of knowledge (Phillips &
Burbules, 2000) and recognizing that we cannot be positive about our claims of knowledge
when studying the behavior and actions of humans. Peterson & Gencel (2013) suggested that
positivists/post-positivists are looking for an empirical reality that exists 'out there' in the world.
Post-positivism is also known as methodological pluralism (Morris, McNaughton, Mullins &
Osmond, 2009). According to Krauss (2005), the paradigm the researcher selects determines
the research methodology. A phase where a person considers a discovery is said to be absolute
knowledge. This research will critically examine the benefits and disadvantages of post-
positivism in light of this split.
The Constructivist Worldview Others hold a different worldview. Constructivism or
social constructivism (often combined with interpretivism) is such a perspective, and it is
typically seen as an approach to qualitative research. The ideas came from Mannheim and from
works such as Berger and Luekmann’s (1967) The Social Construction of Reality and Lincoln and
Guba’s (1985) Naturalistic Inquiry. More recent writers who have summarizphiloed this position
are Lincoln and colleagues (2011), Mertens (2010), and Crotty (1998), among others. Social
constructivists believe that individuals seek understanding of the world in which they live and
work. Individuals develop subjective meanings of their experiences— meanings directed toward
certain objects or things. These meanings are varied and multiple, leading the researcher to
look for the complexity of views rather than narrowing meanings into a few categories or ideas.
The goal of the research is to rely as much as possible on the participants’ views of the situation
being studied. Creswell (2017) found that social constructivists believe that individuals ought to
understand the environment in which they live and work. From those definitions, it can be
understood that constructivism is the belief that knowledge comes from experience and then
reflects on that experience, and then perception and awareness of the world is built. A view of
the environment they live in so that they realize that the experience they get is a reflection of
the experience itself. The data collection is the result of field observations so that researchers
can find out in detail the object phenomenon. Relativistic reality is socially or experimentally
based, local, and specific in nature.
The Pragmatic Worldview Another position about worldviews comes from the
pragmatists. Pragmatism derives from the work of Peirce, James, Mead, and Dewey
(Cherryholmes, 1992). Other writers include Murphy (1990), Patton (1990), and Rorty (1990).
There are many forms of this philosophy, but for many, pragmatism as a worldview arises out
of actions, situations, and consequences rather than antecedent conditions (as in
postpositivism). There is a concern with applications—what works—and solutions to problems
(Patton, 1990). Pragmatism as a perspective stems from activities, circumstances, and
outcomes rather than verifiable circumstances (as in postpositivism) (Creswell, 2017). The
world view used by some pragmatists who hold that a good research perspective is research
that can help answer research questions effectively. although that fact is ambiguous, it is still
related to history, language and culture.
The Transformative Worldview Another group of researchers holds to the philosophical
assumptions of the transformative approach. This research provides a voice for these
participants, raising their consciousness or advancing an agenda for change to improve their
lives. It becomes a united voice for reform and change. worldview focuses on the needs of
groups and individuals in our society that may be marginalized or disenfranchised. Therefore,
theoretical perspectives may be integrated with the philosophical assumptions. Peterson and
Gencel (2013) is that transformative researchers guarantee that the examination request must
be associated with the political and political agenda and incorporate an activity plan through
the intercession of changes that can change the lives of the participants. Mertens (2010) argues
that one of the tenets of a transformative paradigm is indeed that the “interactive link between
researchers and participants” is provided for. She states that within this paradigm it is
recognized that “knowledge is socially and historically situated” and that there is a “need to
address issues of power and trust”. The Transformative Worldview is an approach that pays
more attention to the feelings of participants and the research is carried out collaboratively so
as not to further marginalize participants due to the investigation. This approach is suitable for
examine politicl issues
Worldview is a view that refers to a habit that regulates the behavior of an individual or
group. These views consist of 4, namely post-positivism, constructivism, transformativism, and
pragmatism. In a study, these four philosophical paradigms have different scope and features.
References
Guba, E. G. (1990). The paradigm dialog. In Alternative Paradigms Conference, Mar,
1989, Indiana U, School of Education, San Francisco, CA, US. Sage
Publications, Inc.
Mertens, D. M. (2014). Research and evaluation in education and psychology:
Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage
publications.
Fox, N. J. (2008). Postpositivism. The SAGE encyclopedia of qualitative research
methods, 2, 659-664.
Petersen, K., & Gencel, C. (2013, October). Worldviews, research methods, and their
relationship to validity in empirical software engineering research. In 2013 Joint
Conference of the 23rd International Workshop on Software Measurement and
the 8th International Conference on Software Process and Product
Measurement (pp. 81-89). IEEE.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative,
and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
