ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753

ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

Design Methodology for Hydraulic Ram Pump

Aniruddha Deo1, Atharva Pathak2, Santosh Khune3, Mamta Pawar4
U.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering And
Research, Wanadongri, Maharashtra, India1
U.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering And
Research, Wanadongri, Maharashtra, India2
U.G. Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering And
Research, Wanadongri, Maharashtra, India3
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar College of Engineering And
Research, Wanadongri, Maharashtra, India4

ABSTRACT: The hydraulic ram pump is simple in design but it not implemented in the remote areas of India despite
of its low cost. So here we have decided to come up with the design methodology. There are lot many problems that we
have faced during calculations and in the actual performance and now giving the rough idea of proceeding to the
calculations.

KEYWORDS: Design, calculations, PVC pipes, Air vessel, Waste valve, Hydraulic ram pump, Length, Diameter,
Wall thickness.

I. INTRODUCTION

The basic formulas that we used was from the books related to hydraulic machines. The inertia pressure has to be
considered while designing the pump. The wall thickness has to be calculated from this. The main problem in design of
pipe is to decide the diameter. But in case of hydraulic ram pump we have L/D ration from (150-1000) and the length
may be up to 8 meters. By taking into account this ration we can easily decide the Diameter of pipe which is very
important factor. However the design of Air vessel and waste valve is also an important factor. There is no standard
method for designing the Air vessel but some standard sizes like 4”*36” or 4”*24” may be used.

II. MATERIALS AND METHOD

The material that we have used for the construction of hydraulic ram pump is Unplasticized PVC pipes because of its
low cost and the useful life up to 50 years and there is no problem of corrosion. Unplasticized PVC pipes are strong yet
light, their specific gravity being approximately one-fifth of Cast Iron. As a result, these pipes can be easily handled
than their metal counterparts. Reasonable care, however, should be used at all times. Since the soundness of any joint
depends on the condition of the spigot and the socket, special care must be taken in transit, handling and storage to
avoid damage to the ends.

The method for designing the Hydraulic Ram Pump is given below. First of all, all the theoretical calculations must be
done before actual fabrication of the pump in order to know about the efficiency which is the important factor in the
design. The formulae involved in calculating the velocity of water, the pressure and the discharge are presented in the
Paper.

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4737

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

III. DESIGN CALCULATIONS

We are considering a community consisting 10 people and accordingly designing the pump. In the village the cattle and
other animals requires water for washing purpose. Altogether, if a single man requires 10 lit/day, 10 people will require
100 lit/day and including animals it will increase. On this basis we have done all our calculations.

The calculations are done on approximate basis.

Firstly, it is required to determine the total head and full so that a ratio is to be determined.

In our project, we kept fall as 1m and delivery at about 2.5m.

Fall = 1m
Lift = 2.5 m
Dia. of supply pipe = 0.050 m= 2”
Dia. Of delivery pipe= 0.025 m= 1”
Length of pipe = 8 m
Hence ratio = . = 160(150-1000)
Air Vessel = 4”*24”
Dia. Of waste valve=2”
Now,

STEP:1

SDR= = 50/3=16.67=17

Where;
s = wall thickness
d = outside diameter

We have diameter 50 mm diameter

Permissible wall thickness :-

Compressive strength ( ) = 50
= = = 25 N/
∗
=
( ∗ )
. ∗ .
=( ∗ ) .

= 1.2 ≈ 2 mm

The inertia pressure is given by,

Pi=
( ( )

.
= . .
( ( )
. ∗ . ∗ ∗

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4738

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

=1.24 N/mm2 =12.4 BAR

Where,
V= Velocity of water in supply pipe
G= Acceleration due to gravity
K= Bulk modulus of the water
D= Diameter of supply pipe
T= Wall thickness
E= Young’s Modulus for the uPVC pipe.

STEP:2

Q= ∗ 2 * V
Where, D = Dia. Of pipe
V = Velocity of water in pipe
& n = No. of strokes of delivery value
Q = ∗ 0.0502 *4.25
= 8.34 * 10-3 m3/sec………..(1)

STEP:3

First we need to calculate Vmax the maximum velocity of water in hydram.

Vmax = 2
Where,
Hs = height of supply tank from pump =1m
Cv =Velocity coefficient = 0.96
G= acceleration due to gravity =9.81 m/sec2

Vmax =0.96 ∗ √2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 1 = 4.25 m/sec

To calculate the velocity of fluid flow in delivery pipe.

Vd= 2 =0.96*√2 ∗ 9.81 ∗ 2.5

=6.72 m/sec.

Where, Hd = Height of the delivery pipe.

STEP:4

In order to ascertain the nature of flow that whether it is laminar or turbulent.

To find Reynolds’s number,
Re =Vs/ v
=4.24 / 0.801*10-6
= 5293383.271……..(3)

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4739

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

v = kinematic viscosity and at T= 30° c,

v for water = 0.801* 10-6 m2 / sec
For smooth pipes,

Blasius suggested that for turbulent flow,

.
f= .
= 0.316 / 5293383.27 0.25
=0.006………….(4)

STEP:5

The Darcy-wersbach formula is the basis of calculating the loss in head for fluid flow in pipes by,

1. Heat loss = f * * ( )*

. ∗ .
= 0.006 * . ∗ ( ∗ . )
= 0.11 m………….(5)

The velocity of flow in T-junction

Vr =
. ∗
=
∗ .
= 4.25 m/sec ……….(6)
Now,

2. Heat loss at T-junction due to sudden enlargement.

( )
HLT =
= ( 6.72 -4.2 )2 / 2* 9.81
= 0.32 m …………..(7)

3. Friction losses,

Hf= k*
= [ kT+ k90 elbow + k impulse value ]
= [(0.42*3)+(0.66*2)+0.35]* (4.252 / 2*9.81 )
= 2.7 m ……..(8)

4. Other losses of head as in pipe fittings

HL = kt * ( v2 / 2g )
Where,
k = resistant coefficient for PVC
HL = 0.42* (4.252 / 2*9.81 )

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4740

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

= 0.38 m

5.Total losses = Heat loss +HLT +Hf +HL

= (0.11+0.32+2.7+0.38)
= 3.51 m ………….(9)

STEP:6

Now, to find acceleration ,

H-F * ( ∗ ) − LOSSES = *
2
2.5 – 1 * (8/0.05) * (4.25 / 2*9.81) –(3.51) = ( 8/0.050) *
3.77-0.0378 = (15/ 0.076) *
1.35 m / sec2 = …………….(10 )

STEP:7

Now, drag force is given by,

Fd= cd * A* *
= 0.62* ( /4) ∗ 0.0502*1000* (4.25 / 2*9.81 )
=0.26 N

STEP:8

The force that accelerate fluid

F= ma= *A*L*
= 1000 * ( /4) ∗ 0.0502 *8*1.35
=21.2 N ………...(11)

STEP:9

Pressure at point is obtained by dividing F by area

.
P3 = = = 10.797K N/m2
∗ .

=0.010 BAR

STEP:10

P= *g*Q*h
= 1000*9.81*2.5*1000*1.93*10-3

P = 47.33 KW

STEP:11

TO CALCULATE EFFICIENCY
t1 = L1 * ( )∗
This formula is based on the empirical relationship between head of supply and the length of supply, it is suggested that,

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4741

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

L1 = 2.5* H
L1 = 2.5*1
= 2.5m
.
t1 =2.5 * ( . )∗ .
= 0.722 sec

t2 = L2 * ( )∗
.
=1 * ( )∗ .
= 0.28 sec
.

Where,
L1 = Length of supply based on empirical head and length of supply
L2 = Length of pump
t1 = Time taken for impulse valve to close or delivery valve to open
t2 = Time taken for delivery valve to close
H = supply head
Hd =Height of tank from river
Vmax= maximum velocity

One beat is equal to t1+t2

1 beat =0.722+0.28
=1.010 sec
Since n is the no. of beats/min
n = . = 59.4 ≈ 59

STEP:12

We then calculate the flow rate of the water flowing at waste valve
Qw= * r2 * L*

Where,
Qw= flow rate of waste water
R= the radius of waste valve
L= length of hydram
n= 59

Qw = * (0.025/2)2 * 1 *59/60
= 1.93*10-3 m3/sec

To find the head loss coefficient (M)

∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ . ∗ . ∗
M= = =0.2
∗ ∗ ∗ . ∗ .
STEP:13

Next, we will find vol. of waste water (vol)w

∗
(Vol)w = * log ( μ
)

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4742

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

We have,
Hd= height of delivery tank =2.5m
Ld=Length of delivering pipe from hydram=2.5m
dd= dia of delivery pipe=0.076
Ls= length of supply pipe=15m
ds= dia of supply pipe =0.0508

Vmax=4.25 m/sec

∗
=
∗ ∗
. ∗ .
= ∗. ∗ .
= 0.07
∗
(Vol)w= * log ( μ
)

π
∗ ∗ .
= * log ( )
. .

=0.3 liter

Then we calculate the volume of delivery water (Vol)d

∗
(Vol)d = * ln (1+ )
π
. ∗ .
= .
* ln (1 + 0.07)
= 0.415 liter

∗( )
= ∗ ∗
. ∗( . )
= ∗. ∗ .
=0.07

The delivery flow rate can be calculated as below,

∗
Qd=

Where,
Qd= delivery flow rate (m3/sec)
Qw= waste flow rate (m3/sec)
Obtained earlier = 1.93* 10-3 m3/sec

. ∗ ∗ .
Qd = .
=2.63 lit/sec

The efficiency of hydram can be defined as below, using D’rankine formula,

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4743

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

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(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

∗
E(rankine) = ( )∗

Q = Qd= 2.63 lit/sec

Qw= 0.3 lit/sec
Hd =1.5m
H=( hd+hs) = 1.5+1=2.5m
. ∗ .
E=( . . ∗ )∗ .
=59.95%
=60%

IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS

The analysis is done on ANSYS software. It shows the velocity distribution inside the hydram and also shows the
minimum and maximum velocity. The analysis is done in (Computational Fluid Dynamics) CFD- FLUENT. At first the
prototype has been made and the later considerations have been made according to this. The diameter has been
increased in order to work the pump more efficiently and the design has made accordingly.
The present study is centred towards the development of a hydraulic ram pump that would conveniently alleviate the
problem of water supply to the mass population. Ideally, different combinations of the supply and delivery heads and
flows, stroke length and weight of the impulse valve, length to diameter ratio of the drive pipe, volume of the air
chamber and size of the snifter valve, etc. we’re tried to come up with an optimum size of a hydram pump presented in
this study. The pump works successfully but the valve timing should be proper in order to get the pump working.

Copyright to IJIRSET DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2016.0504018 4744

 ISSN(Online) : 2319-8753
ISSN (Print) : 2347-6710

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,

Engineering and Technology
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 5, Issue 4, April 2016

Schematic diagram of hydram:

1. Inlet – drive pipe

2. Free flow at waste valve
3. Outlet – delivery pipe
4. Waste valve
5. Delivery check valve
6. Pressure vessel

V. CONCLUSION

We have designed the hydraulic ram pump using these dimensions and we are getting the efficiency up to 60 %. There
are various types of losses and leakage problems that we have gone through but the problem is solved by using the
PVC solvent which we have used. The size of air vessel plays vital role in the design of the hydram. The design of
waste valve is also very much importance in that aspect too.

REFERENCES

[1] Hydraulic Ram Pumps: A guide to ram pump water supply systems. ITDG Publishing, London.
[2] Azury P H (1992), Engineering Applications of Unsteady Fluid Flow, Ch. 9, John Wiley, Chichester.
[3] Bergeron L (2009), Water Hammer in Hydraulics and Wa6eSurges in Electricity, 1961 (John Wiley, New York) [translated from the original
French text, 1950 (Dunod, Paris)].
[4] Chaudry M H (1979), Applied Hydraulic Transients, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
[5] Gray C A M (1953), “The Analysis of the Dissipation of Energy in Water Hammer”, Proc. Am. Soc. Ci6. Engrs., Vol. 119, pp. 1176-1194.
[6] Harza L F (1908), “An Investigation of the Hydraulic Ram”, Uni6.Wisconsin Bull., p. 205.
[7] Krol J (1947), “A Critical Survey of the Existing Information Relating to the Automatic Hydraulic Ram, Part I”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of
London.
[8] Lansford W M and Dugan W G (1941), “An Analytical and Experimental Study of the Hydraulic Ram”, Uni6. Illinois Bull., Vol. 38, p. 326.
[9] Lai C (1962), “A Study of Water Hammer Including Effect of Hydraulic Losses”, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan
[10] Watters G Z (1979), Modern Analysis and Control of Unsteady Flow in Pipelines, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
[11] Hydraulic machines by R.K.BANSAL page number 949 (CENTRIFUGAL PUMP).
[12] Hydraulics And Fluid Mechanics by P.N. MODI and S.M. SETH.

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