Scribd
Upload
117 views9 pages

Steam Turbines.: The Energy Conversion Process

The document discusses steam turbines, including their definition, principles of operation, types, and classifications. A steam turbine converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical rotational energy. It operates by expanding steam in stationary and moving blades. Turbines can be impulse or reaction, axial or radial flow, single or multi-stage, and are classified by speed, pressure, and application. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics covered in the document relating to steam turbines.

Uploaded by

JaviStg1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
117 views9 pages

Steam Turbines.: The Energy Conversion Process

The document discusses steam turbines, including their definition, principles of operation, types, and classifications. A steam turbine converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical rotational energy. It operates by expanding steam in stationary and moving blades. Turbines can be impulse or reaction, axial or radial flow, single or multi-stage, and are classified by speed, pressure, and application. The summary provides a high-level overview of the key topics covered in the document relating to steam turbines.

Uploaded by

JaviStg1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

STEAM TURBINES.

DEFINITION, PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION,


TYPES AND CLASSIFICATIONS, CONSTRUCTION.

Adapted from :
STEAM TURBINES.
Michal Bieniek.

The Energy Conversion Process


Electrical energy generation using steam turbines involves three
energy conversions: Extracting thermal energy from the fuel and
using it to raise steam; converting the thermal energy of the steam
into kinetic energy in the turbine; and using a rotary generator to
convert the turbine's mechanical energy into electrical energy.

1
WHAT EXACTLY IS THE TURBINE?

Turbine is an engine
that converts energy
of fluid into
mechanical energy

The steam turbine


is steam driven
rotary engine.

STEAM TURBINE
DEFINITION.
• The steam turbine is a prime
mover that converts the stored
mechanical energy in steam into
rotational mechanical energy.

2
OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS

OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS.

3
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION FOR TURBINE.

OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS.

 Impulse stage –
whole pressure
drop in nozzle
(whole enthalpy
drop is changed into
kinetic energy in
the nozzle and
transferred to
blades).

 Reaction stage –
pressure drop both
in stationary blades
and in rotary blades
(enthalpy drop
changed into kinetic
energy both in
stationary blades
and in the moving
blades in rotor).

4
TYPES OF TURBINES.

(A) Impulse Turbines: Here, the


steam is expanded in stationary
turbine nozzle, where it attains a
high velocity. This high velocity jet
then flows over moving blades
without further expansion, that is,
its pressure remains constant.

TYPES OF TURBINES.
(B) Reaction Turbine: In this
type, the steam is expanded in
both fixed blades (nozzles) and
moving blades. The relative
amount of expansion varies with
the particular design.

5
OPERATION FUNDAMENTALS

 To give the
maximum
power, then is
required a
multistage
operation.

CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINES


A) Way of energy
conversion:
- Impulse
turbines.
- Reaction
turbines.

6
CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINES
B) Flow direction:
- Axial.
- Radial.
C) Number of stages:
- Single stage.
- Multi-stage.

Classification according to the direction


of flow of steam relative to the axis of
turbine shaft:

(1) Axial Flow Turbine: The steam flows over


the blades in a direction parallel to the axis of
the turbine shaft.

(2) Radial Flow Turbine: The blades are


arranged radially and steam enters at the
blade tip nearest the axis of the wheel and
flows towards the circumference.

7
CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINES
D) Rotational speed:
- Regular.
- Low-speed.
- High-speed.

E) Inlet steam pressure:


- High pressure
(p>6,5MPa)
- Intermediate
pressure
(2,5MPa <p<6,5MPa)
- Low-pressure
(p<2,5MPa)

CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINES

F) Way of energy utilisation:


- Condensing.

- Extraction.

- Back-pressure.

8
CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM TURBINES
G) Type of application
- Power station.
- Industrial (prime mover).
- Transport.

Bibliography
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam turbine
 http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/parsons/index.html
 http://www.taftan.com/thermodynamics/RANKINE.HTM
 http://books.google.com/books?id=QE1RCR4LfyQC&hl=pl

You might also like