History of Architecture - Egyptian Architecture

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1. 2.5 to 15 What is the weigh of each stones in the Great 13. Amenophis
tonnes Pyramids. III
2. 3 important 1) outer chamber - offerings were placed
parts of
mastaba 2) serdab- inner chamber containing statues of
decreased fam member

3) sarcophagus- coffin
3. 3 TYPES OF -Step Pyramid
PYRAMIDS -Bent Pyramid
-Slope Pyramid
4. abacus flat slab
5. Abu Simbel Great stone temple built by Ramses II Who erected the Colossi of Memnon.
6. Abydos One of the most ancient cities of Upper Egypt. 14. Amenophis Erected the "Colossi of Memnon", one of the
According to Egyptian Mythology-the holy city III wonders of the world
where Osiris was buried, in addition to many
15. Ammit Devourer of souls
other pharaohs
16. Amun, creator god/ god of fertility and life
7. Acacia
Amun-Re
17. amun(opet ) priests carrying statues of amun through the
festival streets of thebes
scenes
18. Amun-Ra chief god, sun god
19. Amun-Ra Chief of God
20. Androsphinx Sphinx with a body of a lion and head of a
What wood is used for their boat? man
8. Akhet horizon 21. Androsphinx The great sphinx at Gizeh, (in the form of a
lion with the head of a man), to represent the
9. Amarna New capital city of Ancient Egypt built by
Sky God Horus.
Akhenaton in honor of the sun god Aten.
22. ANKH symbol of life
10. Amarna an archive, written on clay tablets
-necklace
Letters
23. Ankh an Egyptian symbol of life
11. amduat funerary text outlining Re's journey through the
duat 24. Anubis Jackal-headed god of mummification
12. Amenemhat Founded "Great Temple of Ammon Kharnak" 25. Anubis God of the dead
I Grandest of all temples
26. architectural 1) SIMPLICITY
character 2) MONUMENTALITY
3) SOLIDITY OR MASSIVENESS
27. Architrave a main beam resting across the tops of the
capitals of columns
28. Aten the sun that was worshiped in the Amarna
period
29. Atum father of gods, created himself; the "complete
one" and also the finisher of the world, which
he returns to watery chaos at the end of the
creative cycle. As creator he was seen as the
underlying substance of the world, the deities
and all things being made of his flesh or
alternatively being his ka.
30. Atum world creator 41. battle often show the prey or foreign armies without
scenes ground lines
31. Avaris capital of Egypt under the Hyksos
42. Beni MIDDLE KINGDOM, cliff walls hollowed out to
32. Avenue of where mystical monster were placed
Hasan burial chambers, reserve columns, fluted
Sphinx
43. BENT OR • 2 degrees of inclination of slope
33. Avenue of
BLUNT e.g. PYRAMID of SENEFERU
Sphinx
PYRAMID
44. Bent 2 degrees of inclination of slope
Pyramid
45. Bent
Pyramid

Lead to a tall portal guarded by a towering

pylon.
34. Avenue of rows of monsters (body of lion, head of man,
Sphinxes hawk, ram) leading to monuments.
35. axial When a building is designed so that there is a
planning degree of symmetry along the axis.

may major and minor planning. grid like An Egyptian pyramid-type in which each
triangular planar surface changes direction as it
36. Banquet musicians and dancing women
approaches the top. Also called the Blunt or
Scene
False Pyramid.
37. bark shrine small temple in the shape of a nile boat
46. Bent
38. Barque Pyramid
Temple

A room or building in which the image of the the lower part rises at a 55-degree inclination
pharaoh or deity was revered. and the top sections is shallower at 43 degrees

39. Battered 47. Book of funerary text with spells to help the dead with
Wall the Dead their journey through the duat (underworld)
48. Bulls tail Hanging from the back of the Pharaoh's kilt. It is
likely that this emphasised the strength and
procreative power of the ruler.
49. burial
shaft

Characteristic features of Egyptian External

wall
rectangular structure that leads into the pyramid
40. Batterwall Inclination from base to top of the facade,
egyptian external wall.
50. canopic jars jars that stored/preserved internal organs of 64. courtyard an unroofed area that is completely or mostly
the deceased enclosed by the walls of a large building
51. Capital topmost member of column 65. Criosphinx
52. capital and 1) bud & bell
columns 2) hathor head (god)
3) palm tree
4) papyrus
5) volute
6) polygonal columns
7) osiris pillars
8) square pillars
The Sphinx in Rek-minh-Re at Thebes, (in the
53. Cartouche An oval shape with line at base, inside a form of a lion with the head of a Ram).
pharaoh/god's name is inscribed in
hieroglyphics. often seen on tomb walls. 66. Criosphinx Sphinx with a body of a lion and head of a ram

54. Causeways 67. criosphinx a sphinx with the head of a ram instead of a
human
68. Crook The shepherd's crook stood for kingship
69. Cult for the worship of the ancient Egyptian gods
Temple
70. Cult
Temple

A causeway in a pyramid connects the pyramid

itself to an external structure, such as a temple
or a mortuary complex, which was part of the What do you call the Egyptian temples built for
religious aspects of the pyramid itself. the worship of the Deity (Gods)?

55. cavetto horizontal decorative molding that crowns a 71. Cult Egyptian Temple for popular worship of the
cornice building or furniture element Temple ancient and mysterious gods.

56. Chancellor Controls the royal treasuries, granaries, and 72. Deir el the burial temple of Hatshepsut in the Valley of
supervises the census Bahri the Kings

57. chapter 125 weighing of the heart of the dead in the 73. Deir el- a village built for workers at the Valley of the
(book of presence of the god osiris Medina Kings in Egypt
the dead) 74. Dendera small town situated on the west bank of the nile,
58. Chief in charge of the King's personal estate & location of one of the best preserved temple
Steward household complexes in Egypt

59. CLIMATIC Structure have no downspout, drainage, gutters 75. Djed pillar one of the more ancient and commonly found
INFLUENCE due to absence of rain. No windows to cut (Osiris's symbols in ancient Egyptian religion. It is a
heat penetration & sandstorm. backbone pillar-like symbol in Egyptian hieroglyphs
/ stability) representing stability. It is associated with the
60. coffin a case or receptacle for dead human remains creator god Ptah and Osiris, the Egyptian god of
which is anthropoidal in shape. the afterlife, the underworld, and the dead. It is
61. Coffin Texts A collection of ancient Egyptian funerary commonly understood to represent his spine.
spells written on coffins 76. Effects of Simple design
62. colonnaded sequence of columns climate Few windows
court on Flat roof
Egypt's Massive walls
63. Columnar Egyptian System of construction.
buildings
and
trabeated 77. Egypt "land of pharaoh" and "desert land"
78. Egyptian indicative of plant stems gathered at the 89. Fertile Soil
Columns base with capitals derived from the lotus
bud, papyrus flower and the palm
79. Egyptian huge light --> less light
Temples
80. El Kab one of the oldest settlements of upper
egypt located on the east bank of the nile
81. Enclosure Wall the wall that envelopes the entire temple
82. Entrance Pylon • massive sloping towers fronted by an
The greatest wealth of Egypt.
obelisks known as gateways in Egypt
90. fertile soil Egypt's greatest wealth
83. Entrance Pylon massive sloping towers fronted by an
obelisks known as gateways in Egypt 91. Fishing and gathering fish and birds for food
fowling
84. examples of 1) The great pyramid of Cheops (Khufu)
slope pyramid father 92. Frail staff for hitting; for the fertility of the land.
93. Funerary made to preserve the faces of the dead
2)T The pyramid of Chephren (Khafra) son
Mask

3) Pyramid of Mykerinos (Menkaura) 94. Geb a god of the earth and one of the Ennead of
grandson Heliopolis. His grandfather was Atum (the
self-created creator god), his father was Shu
85. Eye of Horus A good luck sign of the Sun or Moon that
(the god of air) and his mother was Tefnut
the Egyptians believed protected one from
(the goddess of moisture).
evil. protection from sandstorm
95. GEOLOGICAL • STONE
86. False beard the beard (hair piece) pharaohs wore for
INFLUENCE -Soft stone
ceremonies attached by glue or string
*limestone, sandstone, alabaster
87. False door
-Hard stone
* granite, quartzite, basalt

• SAND DRIED BRICKS

- used in mastaba

• DATE PALM
• PALM LEAVES
- for roofing
A false door is a representation of a door
• ACACIA
which does not function like a real door.
-boat construction
They can be carved in a wall or painted
on it.
• SYCAMORE
88. FEATURES of 1) BATTERWALL -mummy case (
EGYPTIAN 2) HIEROGLYPHICS
96. Geometric 3 Types of Egyptian Ornamentation
ARCHITECTURE
Forms
Animals
Plants
97. God's beard showed power and linkage to god
98. Gorge 104. The Great temple
of Amon-Ra

The Grandest example of Egyptian

Egyptian cornice that consists roll and hollow
temple built is _____.
moulding is called ___.
105. Hathor goddess of the sky, women and love;
99. Great an area in the temple surrounded by columns
mother of horus
Court
106. Hathor Crown sun and cow horns
100. Great The most stupendous and impressive of the
Temple, rock-cut-temples. 107. Hathor-headed 4 faced capital with heads of hathor
Abu capital
Simbel
108. Hatshepsut
101. Great
Temple of
Abu-
Simbel

The funeral temple at Der-el Bahari built

by ___.

The most stupendous and impressive of the 109. Hatshepsut Queen of Egypt, famous for her funerary
rock-cut temple. The four-seated colossal temple at Mt. Der-El-Bahari
statues of Rameses II is carved in the pylon. 110. Hatshepsut The Great Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt
102. THE Thutmose III
GREAT Tutankhamun
TEMPLE Rameses II
OF Cleopatra
AMMON
KHARNAK

Amenemhat I
103. Great - Most grandest temple in Egyptian planning &
Temple of was commenced by Amenemhat 1; occupying
Ammon, an area of 1,200 ft. x 360 ft.
Kharnak, - The grandest of all Egyptian temples, was not
Thebes built upon one complete plan but owes its size,
disposition and magnificence to the work of
many kings. built form the Xilth Dynasty to the
ptolemaic period
111. Heb Sed 117. historical 1) Ancient kingdom (1-10th dynasties)
Festival influence
2) Middle Kingdom ( 11-17 dynasties)

3) New empire (18-30)

4) The Ptolemaic period

118. Horus A sky god, god of the pharaohs
119. Horus Egyptian falcon-headed solar god often the
Jubilee festival which rejuvenates the ancient Egyptians' national tutelary deity.
pharaoh. Occurred every 30 years and wearing the pschent, or a red and white
every three years thereafter to show the crown, as a symbol of kingship over the entire
continuing vitality of the king. The King kingdom of Egypt.
would take place in a short, ceremonial foot
120. HOUSES OF made of bricks
race. He would also shoot an arrow in the
ANCIENT
four directions of the compass to display
EGYPT whitewash the wall- lime and water
that he ruled over all of Egypt.
112. Heiraosphinx Sphinx with a body of a lion and head of a rich homes - painted blue or yellow (lotud
hawk petal)
113. Heiroglypics
tiled rooms, with altar.

high walls
121. Hypaethral Large outer court open to the sky
Court
122. hypaethral large outer court open to the sky
hall
123. HYPOSTYLE
HALL
Characteristic of wall ornament.
114. Heliopolis the Egyptian city that was the center of sun
worship
115. Hieracosphinx

Rameses I
124. Hypostyle a hall with a roof supported by columns
Hall
125. Hypostyle a forest of columns, portraying the illusion of
Hall infinity and vastness of space

Sphinx which (in the form of a lion with the

head of a Falcon).
116. Hieroglyphics Use as ornaments, pictures and writings from
the walls
126. Hypostyle 138. Kahun/ located in upper egypt, associated with the
Hall Lahun pyramid of senusret 2, ancient name is "mouth of
the canal"
139. Karnak A complex of ancient temples in luxor, Egypt,
Temple illustrating the short spans possible with stone
Complex masonry.
140. Ka
statue

A pillared hall in which the roof rests on

columns.
127. hypostyle a hall with a roof supported by columns
hall
puro column, mejo open
128. hypostyle a hall with a roof supported by columns
hall A ka statue is a type of ancient Egyptian statue
intended to provide a resting place for the ka
129. Imhotep The first architect recorded in history.
(life-force or spirit) of the person after death.
130. Imhotep
141. kheker a frieze of stylized plants usually found at the top
frieze of ancient Egyptian walls
142. King's
Beard

Who designed the Saqqara Complex and

Stepped pyramid of King Djoser.
131. Imotep The first artist in history whose name is known,
established the tradition of monumental stone
architecture in Egypt in the funerary complex
and Stepped Pyramid he built for King Djoser at
Saqqara.
132. important kings chamber
parts of
showed power and king
pyramid airshaft- related to solar system
143. Kiosk
queens chamber
133. Internal Egyptian Architecture was designed principally
Effect for __________.
134. Isis Wife of Osiris
135. Isis Egyptian goddess of fertility; most important
goddesses of ancient Egypt old kingdom
A freestanding stone canopy structure supported
136. Itjtawy egyptian capital during the middle kingdom,
by columns in Egyptian Architecture. (Hypaethral,
location of the royal city founded by 12th
classical temple that is partly open to the sky).
dynasty king amenemhat 1
137. jamb side posts of a doorway
144. The 152. Mammisi
Land of Temple
Pharaoh
and
Desert
Land

Birth-House, a small egyptian side temple,

kiosk, or tent-shrine, dedicated to the rites of
Egypt is also known _________ and _______. the Goddess Isis (Wife of Osiris).
145. Libyans north africa, the first conquerors who ruled Egypt 153. Massiveness,
after they lost their empire Monumental,
146. Light important features in Egyptian temples Simplicity
and
Shadows
147. Lintel A horizontal beam used to span an opening.
148. Lotus,
Papyrus
and
Palm Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture.
154. MASTABA

The favorite motif design of Egyptian.

149. Luxor A large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located Type of tomb that is rectangular in plan with
Temple on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today a flat roof and sloping side.
known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was 155. Mastaba an ancient Egyptian mudbrick tomb with a
founded in 1400 BCE. rectangular base and sloping sides and flat
150. Ma'at the ancient Egyptian concepts of truth, balance, roof
order, harmony, law, morality, and justice. Maat 156. Mastaba a broad pit below ground covered with a
was also the goddess who personified these rectangular flat mound
concepts, and regulated the stars, seasons, and
the actions of mortals and the deities who had
brought order from chaos at the moment of
creation
151. Ma'at symbol of truth
feather
157. Mastaba 171. Nephthys a protective goddess of the dead. was the sister
of Isis and Osiris, and the sister/wife of Seth. was
also the mother of Anubis. She is often shown on
coffins, or in funerary scenes.
172. Nile
River

Tomb-houses that were made to take the

body at full-length are called ____. Tomb
built for the Egyptian nobility rather than the
royalty
158. Medinet Habu site of Ramesses III (Dyn 20) mortuary
temple; the temple is huge and beautifully
built; inscriptions depict conquest over the
Sea Peoples
What River is the Egyptians means of
159. Memphis The capital of Old Kingdom Egypt, near the
communication , highway and lifeline?
head of the Nile Delta. Early rulers were
interred in the nearby pyramids. 173. Nile deadly, maraming crocodiles
River
160. Mentuhetep II developed the 3rd type of tomb "Rock-cut
Nile is a gift to gypt and Egypt is a gift to Nile
Tomb".
161. Montuary Built in honor of the Pharaohs means of highway and lifeline
Temple
174. Nubians Indegenous people Sudan, People south of
162. Mortuary a temple for the preparation of the body Egypt that expanded up and conquered Egypt
Temple and the worship of the dead
175. Nut Goddess of the sky. Nut is a daughter of Shu and
163. Mortuary used for the ministrations to deified Tefnut. Her brother and husband is Geb. She had
Temple pharaohs four or five children: Osiris, Set, Isis, Nephthys,
164. Mortuary for the worship of the dead and—in early Egyptian sources—Horus.
Temple 176. OBELISK
165. Mortuary What do you call the Egyptian temples for
Temple offering and worship a deceased person,
usually a deified kin (Pharaoh).
166. moulding gorge and hallow moulding
167. Mud Brick the principal building material for domestic
buildings
168. Mummification an intact body is an integral part of a
person's afterlife and assuring themselves a 177. Obelisk a tall 4-sided narrow tapering column
successful rebirth in the afterlife terminating in a pyramidion, its most sacred part
178. Obelisk a stone pillar, typically having a square or
without a physical body there is no shadow, rectangular cross section and a pyramidal top,
no name, no spirit, no personality and no set up as a monument or landmark.
immortality
169. Mummiform human shaped coffin
170. Nemes Crown crown shown on King Tut's funerary mask
179. Obelisk 189. Outer One of the divisions of a Mastaba; in which
Chamber were placed the offerings to the "Ka" or
"double; having walls decorated with
representations of festal and other scenes,
valuable from a historical standpoint.
190. palace made of mudbrick for commoners
191. Papyrus

Pillars that stood in pairs at the front of

Egyptian temples.
180. obelisk A monumental, four-sided stone shaft, usually
monolithic and tapering to a pyramidal tip. Egyptian ornament symbolized fertility is _____.
192. papyrus one resembling a bundle of papyrus stalks
nasa entrance
column

symbol of "heliopolis" the sun god 193. Papyrus Egyptian Ornaments

(Symbol
square in olan pero 9-10 times the diameter of for Lower
the base ung height nun Egypt and
Fertility)
pinagmulan ng monuments
Lotus
ex. Cleopatra's needle sa london (Symbol
for Upper
181. obelisk a tall, pointed, four-sided tapered pillar,
Egypt and
represented the mound that Atum stood on
Fertility)
when he created the world
182. Offering Parts of a Pyramid Palm
Chapel (Fertility)
Mortuary
194. Parts of an 1) Entrance Pylon
Temple
Egyptian 2) Hypaethral Court
Causeway
Temple 3) Hypostyle Hall
Valley
4) Sanctuary
Building
5) Avenue of Sphinx
183. ornaments a) Lotus Papyrus & Palm - fertility
195. Parts of a 1) King's Chamber
b) Solar Discs & Vutures w/ wings - protection
Slope 2) Queen's Chamber
c) Spiral & feather ornament- eternity
Pyramid 3) Subterranean Chamber
d) Scarab or sacred beetle- resurrection
4) Grand Gallery
184. Osiride statue that shows subject in mummified form 5) Airshafts
statue like osiris
196. Parts of next
185. Osiris god of the dead and ruler of the underworld Egyptian
186. Osiris God of the dead temple

187. Osiris Egyptian god of the underworld and judge of 197. Parts of 1) Elevated Causeway
the dead; god of life and death Pyramid 2) Offering Chapel
Complex 3) Mortuary
188. Osiris The prototype of the caryatids of the Greeks. 4) Valley Building
Pillars
198. Pectoral jewelry, often represented as a brooch
199. Pharaoh A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as 212. Pylon
well as a political and military leader.
200. Pharaohs The kings of ancient Egypt
201. Pharaohs Lord of the Two Lands
High Priest of Every Temple
202. Pharaohs the political and religious leader of Egypt
203. Pit/Shaft allows the spirit of the dead to communicate
with the living world
Egyptian gateway to temples is called ___.
204. Post and Egypt's principle of construction
213. Pylon the monumental gateway of an Egyptian
Lintel
temple
205. Processional brick road
214. pylon monumental gateway of an Egyptian temple
Way
215. Pylon Parts of an Egyptian Temple
206. Ptah god of craftsmen
Great Court
207. Ptah god of craftsmen and architects. In the triad Hypostyle
of Memphis, he is the husband of Sekhmet Hall
and the father of Nefertum. He was also Sanctuary
regarded as the father of the sage Imhotep. Enclosure
Hall
208. Ptolemy II built the Pharaohs or the "Light House"
Colossal
209. Ptolemy II Builder of the famous Pharos or Light House. statues of
210. Ptolemy III the Pharaoh
Obelisk
Avenue of
Sphinxes
216. Pyramid

The Architect of the great serapeum at The structure whose sides were made to face
Alexandria. the four cardinal points.
211. PYLON 217. Pyramid Evolved from Mastaba, with four sides facing
the Cardinal points, they were made by
100,000 men for 100 years
218. pyramid Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of
Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old
Kingdom
219. pyramidion pyramid shaped uppermost piece of pyramid
or obelisk
220. pyramid looking west towards past and return to
Egyptian gateway placement heaven
221. Pyramids evolved from mastaba

rectangular base, used as a tomb w/ burial

chamber
222. PYRAMIDS 231. Re- god, shown as falcon, Re as Horus of the 2
OF GIZA Horakhty horizons
232. Religion in Monotheistic in theory
Egypt Polytheistic in practice
233. religious • Pyramids were built because they believe in
influence "Life after Death" & for the preservation of
the dead body.
• Pharaoh is not only king but also "god" both
-Khufu (146.40 m.) political & religious ruler, when he dies he
-Khafra (143.00 m.) becomes "osiris", god of dead.
-Menkaura (109.00m.) • They're "monotheistic" in theory &
"polytheistic" in practice.
223. Pyramid limestone, sandstone, sand, basalt
Stones 234. Remeses I
similar to ruce terraces
224. Pyramid
temple

Who completed the building of the Great

Hypostyle Hall at Karnak?
Temples fell into two principal types: cult 235. The river its gentle current was favorable for
temples and funerary or mortuary temples. The Nile navigation
cult temples housed images of the gods, while
the mortuary temples were created as shrines 236. The river Irrigation turned desert lands into fruitful
to dead kings. Nile fields

225. Pyramid earliest collection of Ancient Egyptian Death 237. The river the Life of Egypt
Texts Literature; Old Kingdom; enscribed on tombs Nile

226. Rah symbol of the sun, hope for eternal life, sun 238. rock-cut burial places hollowed out of the faces of
god from Heliopolis tombs cliffs

227. Rameses I began the construction of the "Great Hypostyle 239. rock cut cut deep into the mountains rock
Hall" at Kharnak tombs or
rick hewn
228. Rameses II finished the construction of the "Hypostyle tomb
Hall" & erection of the "Rock Temple at ABU-
SIMBEL" & the "Remission" Thebes. 240. Sacrophogus Chamber containing the coffin reached by sn
underground shaft
229. Re deity of the sun. By the Fifth Dynasty in the
25th and 24th centuries BC, he had become 241. Sanctuary Surrounded by passages and chambers used
one of the most important gods in ancient in connection with the temple service
Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the 242. Sanctuary the holiest part and accessible only to the
noon sun. believed to rule in all parts of the kings and high priests
created world: the sky, the earth, and the
243. sanctuary chambers used in connection w/ the temple
underworld. He was synonymous with the
services
falcon,
230. Red Crown worn by pharaohs to symbolize rule over holy
of Lower lower Egypt
Egypt high priest lang, bawal mga sinners
mamamatay
244. Sanctuary innermost and most sacred area of the 253. Serdab A small concealed chamber in an Egyptian
(Holy of ancient Temple of Jerusalem mastaba for the statue of the deceased.
Holies)
254. Serdab
245. Sarcohpagus a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, Stele
most commonly carved in stone, and usually Pits
displayed above ground, though it may also
be buried.
246. Sarcophagus

Parts of a Mastaba
255. Set Dread God of evil, brother of pleasure
256. Seti I Who began the building of the Great Hypostyle
Hall at Karnak?
257. shrine A place of worship that is often dedicated to a
sacred object or person
258. Shu god of dry air, wind and the atmosphere; one of
the primordial Egyptian gods, a personification
Egyptian coffin is also called _____. of dry air, spouse and counterpart to goddess
247. scribe a person who writes things down Tefnut and one of the nine deities of the Ennead
of the Heliopolis cosmogony.
248. Senuserets
259. Sloped
Pyramid

Who began the Earliest Obelisk, Heliopolis?

249. Senuserets Erected the earliest known obelisk at
Heliopolis An Egyptian pyramid-type in which four sloping
triangular sides, with a fixed angle, culminate at
250. Serapis bull god
an apex. And also called True Pyramid.
251. Serdab an enclosed room containing the statue of
260. SLOPE • parts:
the deceased
PYRAMID king's chamber, Queen's chamber, subterranean
252. Serdab chamber, grand gallery, airshafts
261. smiting to strike or hit hard

An inner secret chamber in mastaba

containing statues and possessions of the
deceased.
262. social and • MONARCHY 268. Sphinx A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a lion
political -form of government and the head of a human.
influence • PHARAOH
-kinh og Egypt, ruler limestone
• SON OF PHARAOH
269. Sphinx A mythical beast with the body of a lion and the
-successor of the throne
head of a human. (or falcon headed)
• VIZIER
-most powerful official, high priest 270. STELE
• CHANCELOR
-controls the royal treasuries, supervises
census
• CHIEF STEWARD
-in charge of kings personal estate and
household
263. social rank noble families

soldiers, viziers, chancellor

fishermen, farmers, merchant

slaves Upright stone slab containing the name of the

dead.
264. Son of normal successor to the throne
Pharaoh 271. Stele
265. SPHINX

Criosphinx - ram head; lion body

An upright stone containing the name of the dead.
Hieraosphinx - hawk head; lion body
272. Stele the offering chapel has the name of the deceased
266. Sphinx A mythical Egyptian beast with the body of a
inscribed on it
lion and the head of a human.
273. Step Built at Saqqara by the architect Imhotep for King
267. Sphinx
Pyramid Djoser.It was built between 2630-2611 BCE. The
pyramid's sides rise in a series of steps; oldest
known large stone structure in the world.
274. Step
Pyramid

A figure of an imaginary creature having the

body of a lion, and the head of a man, ram An Egyptian pyramid-type whose sides are
or hawk. stepped with tiers rather than smooth. eg. Pyramid
of Djoser (Zoser)
275. Step Pyramid a series of successively smaller mastabas 281. Sycamore
one atop of another and originally clad in
polished white limestone
276. Step Pyramid type of pyramid with sides that rise in giant
steps
277. Step Pyramid

What wood is used for the mummy cases?

282. systems of POST & LINTEL
construction COLUMNAR OR TRABEATED.
283. Tanis a port and Egypt's gateway to the
Mediterranean
large scale monument in stone with no 284. Tefnut deity of moisture, moist air, dew and rain in
free-standing columns Ancient Egyptian religion. She is the sister
278. Stone favored for temples and tombs and consort of the air god Shu and the
(sandstone, mother of Geb and Nut.
limestone, 285. TEMPLE OF
granite and ABU SIMBEL
marble)
279. The strong the outstanding feature of the religion of
belief in the the Egyptians
afterlife
280. Subsidiary/Ka~
Pyramid

Rameses
286. TEMPLE OF
HATSHEPSUT

the resting place after death, for kings of

Egypt. They were considered more
important than palaces because they were
the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. Since the 287. Temple of Queen of Egypt, famous for her funerary
people of Egypt believed kings continued Queen temple at Mt.Der-El-Bahari
to reign after death (through their life force, Hatshepsut,
called ka, which continued to take part in Mt. Der-El-
the governing of Egypt) the tombs of the Bahari
pharaohs were considered of higher
288. Temple of the Everlasting monuments for the preservation
importance than their palaces.
gods of the dead

Tomb
pyramids of
the kings
289. Temples made out of stone bcs they respect God
290. Temples mortuary - in honir of pharaohs 306. Uraeus

cult- for the worship of the gods,

only high priest can enter
291. terrace a raised, flat mound that looks like a
platform with sloping sides
292. Thebes An ancient city in Upper Egypt that
became the capital of the New
Kingdom
293. Thi The Royal Architect and
Superintendent of the Great Pyramid.
294. Thot ibis headed god of wisdom
Egyptian cobra; one of the emblems of
295. Thoth God of wisdom; represented with
pharaonic kingship
head of ibis (a bird w/ long curved
beak) 307. Uraeus frieze made up of multiple figures of the
Frieze sacred serpent
296. Thotmes I Began the additions to the temple of
Ammon, Kharnak 308. Uraues protection from chaos
-cobra
297. Thotmes IV The one responsible for the cleaning
away of sand from the Sphinx 309. Valley for interment and embalment
Building
298. tombs The main purpose of the pyramids of
Egypt was to function as 310. Valley In the pyramid complex, embalment and
Building interment rites took place in the _____.
299. Torus Molding convex molding that is semicircular in
profile 311. Valley of
the Kings
300. Triads There was no dividing line between
gods and kings. They were frequently
e.g. Theban Triad, associated in ...
Abydos Triad,
Memphis Triad
301. tribute/trading ...
scenes
an example of a corridor tomb
302. t shaped tomb ...
303. Types of Temples Mortuary Temple The royal necropolis of Ancient Egypt
Cult Temple
304. Types of Temples 1) Montuary The valley was listed in the UNESCO World
2) Cult Heritage site in 1987.

305. Types of Tomb 1) Mastaba 312. Valley of the burial places of the New Kingdom
2) Pyramid the Kings pharaohs
313. Valley of
the
Queens

a place near the Valley of the Kings were

wives of Pharaohs were buried in Ancient
Egypt
314. Valley Temple

The temple closest to the Nile River associated with each of the Great Pyramids at Gizeh in ancient Egypt.
315. vaulted burial
chamber

vault where the kings were buried, top distributed weight evenly
316. Vizier a high government official in ancient Egypt or in Muslim countries
317. Was scepter a symbol that appeared often in relics, art, and hieroglyphics associated with the ancient Egyptian religion. It
(dominion/power) appears as a stylized animal head at the top of a long, straight staff with a forked end.
318. White Crown of (hedjet) worn by pharaohs to symbolize rule over upper Egypt
Upper Egypt
319. Winged sun disk symbol of protection, wings of horus surrounding the sun