Name : Vrizski Novina verlanda (17610004)

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PASSAGE ONE

Lake Baikal

Crescent-shaped Lake Baikal, in Siberia, is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles (620
km) in length and 46 miles (74 km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the
world. It holds one-fifth of the world’s total fresh water, which is more than the total of all the water
in Great Lakes; it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by
far the world’s deepest lake. The average depth of the lake is 1,312 feet (400 meters) below sea level,
and the Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point, is more than 5,250 feet (1,600 meters) deep.

Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of the Asian peninsula, is most likely the
world’s oldest lake. It began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of
great faults. The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of
the world’s lakes.

1. What is stated in paragraph 1 about C. Holds one-ninth of the world’s

the shape of Lake Baikal? water
A. It is wider than it is long D. Holds 20 percent of the world’s
B. It is circular in shape fresh water
C. Its width is one-half of its length
D. It is shaped like a new moon 4. According to paragraph 1, the Olkhon
Crevice is
2. It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the A. Outside of Lake Baikal
area of Lake Baikal B. 400 meters below sea level
A. is less than the area of eight other C. The deepest part of Lake Baikal
lakes D. 5,000 meters deep
B. is one-ninth the area of Siberia
C. is greater than the area of any 5. It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that
other freshwater lake Lake Baikal
D. is equal to the area of the five A. Is not as old as some other lakes
Great Lakes B. Formed when sections of the Earth
were moving away from each
3. According to paragraph 1, Lake other
Baikal C. Was fully formed 25 million years
A. Holds one-fifth of the world’s ago
water D. Is today located on the edge of the
B. Holds five times the water of the Asian peninsula
Great Lakes

PASSAGE TWO

Flatfish

Members of the flatfish family, sand dabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over
many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their body coloration to
different environments. These aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies that are well-suited to life
along the ocean floor in the shallower areas of the continental shelf that they inhabit. They also have
remarkably sensitive color vision that registers the subtlest gradations on the sea bottom and in the sea
life around them. Information about the coloration of the environment is carried through the nerveous
system to chromatophores, which are pigment-carrying skin cells. These chromatophores are able to
accurately reproduce not only the colors but also the texture of the ocean floor. Each time that a sand
dab or flounder finds itself in a new environment, the pattern on the body of the fish adapts to fit in
with the color and texture around it.

6. It is NOT stated in the passage that A. Overly sensitive to light

sand dabs B. Able to see colors
A. Are a type of flatfish C. Able to see the sea bottom
B. Are in the same family as D. Aware of their surroundings
flounders
C. Have evolved 9. It isNOT true that chromatophores
D. Are colorfully decorated A. Are skin cells
B. Carry pigment
7. According to the passages, it is NOT C. Adapt to surrounding colors
true that sand dabs and flounders D. Change the ocean floor
A. Have flattened bodies
B. Live along the ocean floor 10. It is NOT mentioned in the passage
C. Live in the deepest part of the that sand dabs and flounders
ocean A. Move to new environments
D. Live along the continental shelf B. Adapt their behavior
C. Can change color
8. All of the following are stated about D. Adapt the textures around them
the vision of sand dabs and flounders
EXCEPT that they are

PASSAGE THREE

Whales are mammals rather than fish, yet they live in the world’s oceans rather than on land.
Because of the fact that they are mammals, scientists have believed for quite some time that whales
are desendants of land mammals.

Some interesting evidence to support this theory has recently been found. In Egypt, fossils
have been found of a forty-million-year-old whale leg, kneecap, ankle, footbones, and toes. It appears
from the fossils evidence that the bones were not very strong and not very large in comparison to the
size of the whale.

Based on this fossil evidence, the following evolutionary path has been hypothesized. As the
whale began its evolution toward the water, its legs weakened and decreased in size. Then, during its
millions of years in the water, the legs slowly dissapeared, leaving only the front flippers today.

11. The main idea of this passage is that 12. All of the following are true about
A. Numerous whale fossils have been whales, EXCEPT that
found in the world’s oceans A. They are mammals
B. There is evidence that whales may B. They live in the ocean
have descended from land C. They are fish
mammals D. They may have come from the
C. Whales are mammals and not fish land
D. Whales have not evolved very
much over the last millions of 13. Which of the following is NOT
years mentioned about the whale fossils in
the passage?
 A. They were found in Egypt B. A whale’s ankle
B. They support the theory that C. A whale’s footbones
whales came from land D. A whale’s fingers
C. They are forty million years old
D. They showed that ancient whales 15. According to the hypothesis in the
had flippers passage, what happened to whales’
legs?
14. Which of the following was NOT A. They got stronger over time
mentioned in the list of whale fossils B. They got larger over time
found in Egypt? C. They dissapeared quickly
A. A whale’s kneecap D. They became front flippers

PASSAGE FOUR

Autism

Autism is a developmental disorder that is characterized by severe behavioral abnormalities

across all primary areas of functioning. Its onset is often early; it generally makes itself known by
the age of two and one-half. It is not a single disease entity but is instead a syndrome defined by
patterns and characteristics of behavior; it, therefore, most likely has multiple etiologies rather than a
single causative factor. Autism is not fully understood and thus is controversial with respect to
diagnosis, etiology, and treatment strategies.

16. The word primary in the passage B. Feeling of euphoria

could best be replaced by C. Mental breakdown
A. Elementary D. Repetitive task
B. Main
C. Introductory 19. The word etiologies in the passage is
D. Primitive closest in meaning to
A. Symptoms
17. The word onset in the passage is B. Patterns
closest in meaning to C. Causes
A. Placement D. Onsets
B. Arrangement
C. Support 20. The phrase with respect to in the
D. Beginning passage could best be replaced by
A. With dignity toward
18. The word syndrome in the passage is B. In regard to
closest in meaning to C. Irrespective of
A. Concurrent set of symptoms D. Out of politeness for

PASSAGE FIVE

Parasitic Plants

Parasitic plants are plants that survive by using food produced by host plants rather
than by producing their own food from the Sun’s energy. Because they do not need sunlight
to survive, parasitic plants are generally found in umbrageous areas rather than in areas
exposed to direct sunlight. Parasitic plants attach themselves to host plants, often to the stems
or roots, by means of haustoria, which the parasite uses to make its way into the food
channels of the host plant and absorb the nutrients that it needs to survive from the host plant.
 The world’s heaviest flower, a species of rafflesia, is a parasite that flourishes among, and
lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15
pounds (7 kg) and can measure up to 3 feet (1m) across.

21. The word umbrageous in paragraph 1 C. Outline

is closest in meaning to D. Eat
A. Moist
B. Well lit 24. The word ponderous in paragraph 2 is
C. Shaded closest in meaning to
D. Buried A. Smelly
B. Hidden
22. Haustoria in paragraph 1 are most C. Mature
likely D. Heavy
A. Offshoots from the parasite
B. Seeds of the host plant 25. The word across in paragraph 2 could
C. Fruits from the host plant best be replaced by
D. Food for the parasite A. In diameter
B. On the other side
23. The phrase make its way into in C. At a distance
paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to D. Inside and out
A. Develop
B. Penetrate

PASSAGE SIX

Ceographically, California’s diversity is breathtaking, and the state’s coastline from north to south
is no exception. Measuring 840 miles in length, the coast consists of the rugged cliffs of the Coast
Ranges in the north and wide sandy beaches in the south. Along the coastline there are two major
harbors, one in the north at San Fransisco and the other in the south at San Diego. Near Humboldt
and Monterey are smaller natural ports.

26. The topic of this passage is B. Found in southern California

A. How the state of California is C. A series of mountains
divided into north and south D. Hundreds of miles north of the
B. The variations in California’s cliffs
coastal geography
C. The breathtaking beauty of 29. It is implied in the passage that
California northern California
D. The exceptions in coastal A. Has more beaches than southern
geography California
B. Has the same type of coastline as
27. According to the passage, what southern California
measures 840 miles in length? C. Has fewer major harbors than
A. The California coastline southern California
B. The Coast Ranges D. Has a different coastline from
C. The rugged cliffs southern California
D. The exceptional part of northern
California 30. In line 5, “natural ports” are
A. Not human-made
28. The Coast Ranges are probably B. Always small in size
A. Flat, sandy areas on the coast of C. Evenly shaped
California D. Constructed of natural materials
PASSAGE SEVEN

The deer is a distinctive animal easily recognized by the antlers that adorn most species of
male deer. These antlers are used by the males primarily to fight, either for mates or for leadership of
the herd. Deer generally lose their antlers each winter and begin growing new ones in late spring. The
new antlers are soft knobs covered with velvety hairs. Later in the year as the seasons progress, the
antlers grow and harden into solid branches. In the middle of winter, the full-grown antlers fall off and
decay on the ground. The following spring the process begins again.

31. This passage mainly discusses 37. Where in the passage does the author
A. The lifestyle of the deer explain how a deer uses its antlers?
B. The seasons of the year A. Lines 2-3
C. The antlers of the deer B. Lines 4-5
D. How antlers are used C. Lines 6
D. Lines 7
32. The deer is called a distinctive animal
because it
A. Uses its antlers to recognize others
B. Has many species
C. Has antlers
D. Has to fight for its mates

33. The word “adorn” in line 1 is closest

in meaning to which of the following?
A. Cover
B. Decorate
C. Bother
D. Hide

34. It is NOT mentioned in the passage

that the deer uses its antlers
A. To battle other deer
B. To get a mate
C. To become a leader
D. To climb branches

35. In which month would a deer probably

have short, velvety antlers?
A. May
B. December
C. October
D. January

36. The word “solid” in line 6 could best

be replaced by which of the
following?
A. Firm
B. Thin
C. Leafy
D. Tiny