The benefits of …

11) Studying oversea

a) Learn new culture
-The enriching experience will enable one to see and do things they wouldn’t
expect, meet people who have grown up in a different culture.
- One also able to try new foods, hear traditional music, have a go at local
activities and explore everything else.
b) Career opportunities
-In a globalised, well-connected world, employers increasingly value graduates
with international experience and education.
- By studying oversea, one will be able to learn new languages, appreciate other
cultures, overcome challenges of living in another country and gain greater
understanding of the world.
-These are the all things that modern businesses look for when hiring, and such
traits will only become more important in the future.
c) Make new friends
-When you study oversea, you have a unique opportunity to make friends with
people from all kinds of different cultures, and learn about other countries and
customs.
-Many lifelong friendships start at university, and you’ll be able to live, learn and
travel together during your studies.

12) Saving money

a) You’ll be financially independent sooner
-You don’t have to rely on your parents’ money as you’ll be able to stand on your
own two feet financially eventually.
-Building up savings nest egg can help you to achieve this aim, as you could use
these funds to help get on the property ladder, or to pay off student debts sooner.
b) You’ll be more comfortable in retirement
-When you start the savings habit, it pays to think about the long-term, as well as
what might be just around the corner.
-The state pension is unlikely to provide you with enough income to cover all
your costs when you eventually stop work, particularly as the age at which
 you’ll be able to claim it is moving gradually further away, so the earlier you
think about retirement planning the better.
c) Helps to finance vacations
-Everyone would love to go on vacation at least once a year. However this is
normally not possible because of the lack of funds.
-Having accumulated savings can make the dream of going on vacation a reality.
Family and friends can enjoy a time of rest, relaxation and bonding together.
-Using savings to go on vacation is a much better option than getting into debt.

13) Teamwork
a) Fosters creativity and learning
-Creativity thrives when people work together on a team. Brainstorming ideas as
a group prevents stale viewpoints that often come out of working solo. -
Combining unique perspectives from each team member creates more effective
selling solutions.
-Being able to share discoveries with the rest of your team excites employees and
fosters both individual and team knowledge.
b) Blends complimentary strengths
-Working together lets employees build on the talents of their teammates. While
your strength may be creative thinking, a coworker might shine in organization
and planning.
-By observing the process behind these skills, you can learn how to combine your
gifts and become a stronger team.
-Every time you see your coworkers utilize a different approach in sales, you
have a chance to adjust or improve your methods.
c) Builds trust
-Despite occasional disagreements, an effective team enjoys working together
and shares a strong bond. When you put your trust in a coworker, you are
establishing the foundation of a relationship that can endure minor conflicts.
-Trusting your teammates also provides a feeling of safety that allows ideas to
emerge. It helps employees open up and encourage each other.
- Great teams build each other up and strengthen individual members to create a
cohesive group. By working together, employees learn that wins and losses affect
everyone on the team. 
14) Part-time jobs
a) Extra time to pursue something else
-When you work part-time, you get the added time and energy to take care of
other areas of your life.
-You can cultivate balance in your lifestyle, and live a better life where stress is
not present each day of your life.
-If you’re in the charity area, your job won’t be a job, but rather a place where
you can give your best to the community.
b) Gateway to advanced opportunities
-Part-time jobs have the potential to lead to great things. If you know how to
choose your job well, you’ll be able to improve your skills and expertise in the
field that you want.
-More often than not, organisations hire part-time employees for different jobs to
fulfil a need that has just been identified within their team. This provides you
with the perfect opportunity to go in and really put a stamp on your role.
-A part-time option seems reasonable because it also allows you to learn the
basics.
c) You develop time-management skills
-While working part-time jobs, you’re not sitting in just one place. You’ll get the
chance to explore more job opportunities and see how it is to work for more than
just an employer.
-What makes part-time jobs even better is the fact that you’ll learn how to
manage your time properly. They often demand smart decisions, proper time
management, and good solutions.

15) Urbanisation
a) Trade and Commerce
-Urbanization advances the country’s business sectors by providing more jobs
and a more diverse economy.
-A vast network of goods and services has helped develop modern commercial
institutions and exchanges that have empowered the growth of urban areas.
-Rural citizens come to urban places with their goods and needs for products and
services only available in urban areas.
b) Tourism industries
-Foreigners are attracted to cities with great transportation for easy mobility as
well as unique attractions partially supported by infrastructure.
-More people in cities means the need for better transportation systems. 
- It provides great foreign currency inflows for the cities’ economies.
c) Culture and sciences
-As diverse cultures interact, work, and communicate with one another in close
proximity, cultures are integrated more smoothly. 
-In addition, access to better educational facilities and living standards (like better
sanitation, healthcare, and housing) can create better recreational lifestyles and
better social life.
- These reasons encourage more people to migrate into cities and town to obtain a
variety of social services and benefits which are widespread and limited in rural
areas.
B. The disadvantages of …
1) Travelling
a) Expensive
-Without money, travel becomes far trickier. Going travelling depletes your bank
balance. There’s normally not a lot left when they get home
-It isn’t easy to handle. You look at your mates who’ve worked the whole time
you’ve been away. They’re buying cars, houses, and doing cool stuff.
Meanwhile, you have barely a penny to your name.
b) Impact on the environment
-Travelling has an unfavourable impact on our ecosystem, due to flights. There
are more environmentally friendly methods of travel, but the more preferred
mode of transport is by air, which has a giant carbon footprint. 
-There are alternative travelling practises to reduce your carbon footprint such as
backpacking, travelling inland, avoiding plastic altogether and taking public
to how uncertain life can be, but being environmentally conscious is enough to be
a responsible traveller. 
c) Language barrier
-Regions all across the globe have languages and slang which their people are
accustomed to. So no matter where you travel, whether it be inland or across the
ocean, unless you’re a language genius, you’re going to run into a people and
suffer from a language barrier. 
-You will be more likely to get lost as you are unable to read the sign and the
streets.

2) Both parents are working

a) Children may not do their homework without their mother to guide them.
-They may waste their time talking over the telephone, watching television or
playing all the time. 
- In extreme cases, they would spend their spare time shopping, going to the
cinema or hanging around in public places.
-Some get involved with bad company and pick up habits such as smoking and
gambling.
b) Closeness and attachment
-When it comes to leaving your kid for eight hours minimum, there are chances
of losing the parent child bond.
-If you leave your child in a daycare, they will be more attached with the
caregiver, which might hurt you as a mother.
c) Stress
- Parents are more likely to face stress situation at their workplace which may
lead to negative effects on the children.
-Sometimes, they might inject the frustration and anger on their kids, which
might lead to negative impact on child’s brain.
-Mothers who suffered depression while their kids are young were more likely to
have behavioural problem at the age of five. 

3) Marrying young
a) Lack of parenting skills
-Young parents face difficulties to bring up their children as they have inadequate
knowledge of child care.
-A young mother may not know how to be a successful mother as she does not
know how to bring up her child. A young father may find it overwhelming to care
for a wife and a child.
-They will need their parents to assist them to care for their child.
b) Deprivation of their youth
-They cannot learn and experiment with life as the young husband had to work to
care for his family. Meanwhile, the young age wife has to care for her family and
take care of the house.
-Some of the young couples are studying and hardworking at the same time. They
will not have a normal life another young couple who are still single.
-If they are not given time, they will definitely face a lack of understanding.
c) Facing financial difficulties
-A young couple will face financial difficulties if they are not highly educated
and face limited job.
-Young married couples are usually still studying or do not have much education.
Hence, they depend on their parents for financial loans and emotional support.
4) Students working part time job
a) Higher rates of absenteeism and less school involvement.
-Employment may place constraints on the student’s study and sleep time. 
- Fatigue or lack of preparation for the day’s academic activities may discourage
the working teen from going to school and a job may take the place of
extracurricular activities.
b) Development of negative views of work itself
-Early entry into a negative or harsh work environment may encourage negative
views of work.
-This would depend greatly on the maturity level of the teenager and the type of
job obtained.
c) Increased stress
-Balancing work and school can prove to be too much for any student.
-Students would not have enough time to do their assignments and homework as
they are working.
-In addition, they will also have to face daily problems especially with the
customers.

5) Small classroom
a) Cost
-Smaller classroom sizes in a school district means adding additional teachers and
building additional classrooms, and few school districts have the resources to
fund additional classrooms or teachers.
-It is far to put a fabulous teacher in a large classroom than put an ineffective
teacher in a reduced-size classroom just to fit the smaller-class-size formula,
according to Kevin Simpson in “The Denver Post.”
b) Lack of diversity
-A smaller class is less likely to represent a diverse cross section of society.
-some small classes do have a diverse array of members, many are relatively
homogeneous in nature and, as such, do not offer students the opportunity to
learn in a diverse setting.

c) Fewer activity options

 -Activities such as small group projects are much harder to implement in a
small class because there are fewer students to divide into groups, limiting
students' options.
-Other options, such as large-scale games, may be impossible in small class
settings because there are not enough pupils to allow for game play.

C. The negative effects of …

1) Social media
a) Depression and anxiety
-Spending too long on social networking sites could be adversely affecting your
mood. In fact, chronic users are more likely to report poor mental health, including
symptoms of anxiety and depression.
-Social media lets you see the carefully selected best parts of everyone else’s lives,
which you compare to the negatives in your own life.
-Comparing yourself to other people is a sure path to anxiety, and social media has
only made this easier to do.
b) Cyberbullying
-Perpetrators of bullying can use the anonymity that social networks provide to gain
people’s trust and then terrorize them in front of their peers.
-For instance, they might create a fake profile and act friendly to a classmate, then
later betray and embarrass them online.
-These online attacks often leave deep mental scars and even drive people to suicide
in some cases.
c) Unrealistic expectations
-Most social media sites have a severe lack of online authenticity. People use
Snapchat to share their exciting adventures, post about how much they love their
significant other on Facebook, and load up their Instagram page with heavily staged
photos.
-While it looks great on the surface, that person could be in massive debt, on bad
terms with their significant other, and just desperate for Instagram likes as a form of
validation.

2) Modern technology
a) Sleep problems
-Most of people use tech devices in the hour before going to bed, which can be
physiologically and psychologically stimulating enough to affect sleep.
-A 2015 study demonstrated that exposure to the blue light that devices emit can
suppress melatonin and interrupt your circadian clock. Both of these effects can
make it harder to fall asleep and result in you being less alert in the morning.
-Having electronic devices in the bedroom places temptation at your fingertips,
and it can make switching off more difficult. That, in turn, can make it harder to
drift off when you try to sleep.
b) Emotional problems
-There might be an association between problematic internet use and depression,
substance use, and aggressive behavior.
-A 2016 systematic reviewTrusted Source produced mixed findings on the
relationship that social networks have with depression and anxiety.
-The evidence suggests that social network use correlates with mental illness and
well-being.
c) Poor social skills
-Technology appears to create global network bringing people together. But in
fact, this replaces real-life communication and ends in social isolation.
-Moreover, strong social bonds are replaced with a number of shallow “friends”
in social networks. As a result, people might feel lonely and depressed.
-When we replace real-life interaction with online communication, we lose the
ability to read social cues like tone of voice, facial expression, body language,
and direct wording. 

3) Advertisement
a) Misrepresentation
-Advertising aims to present a product in the best light possible. There is some
leeway in the creative process.
-The problem arises when the dramatization crosses the line into falsely
representing a product. 
-Hefty fines can result from false advertising when levied by the Federal Trade
Commission.
b) Unrealistic expectations
 -Direct-to-consumer advertising for prescription drugs has resulted in unrealistic
expectations about the effectiveness of drugs and their side-effects, according to
the Food and Drug Administration’s study. 

-It’s not unusual to hear that even death may be a side-effect of a prescription
drug.
-Disclaimers are often hidden in very small print on product packaging and
out-of-the way spots in ads.
c) Promotion of harmful products
-Widespread concern exists about the potential effects that media portrayals of
drinking, alcohol product placements, and alcohol advertising may have on
alcohol consumption and problems among young people.
-Television, radio, film, and popular music are often identified as potential sources
through which young people learn about alcohol and as potential influences on
young people’s drinking and drinking problems.

4) Using smartphones in the classroom

a) Lack of concentration
-Heavy internet and mobile phone users are prone to lack of concentration and
forget things easily.
-This also affects their awareness and eventually lead to passive mind.
-Moreover, this also leads to weak focus and attention.
b) Lack of vision
-Anxiety, stress and depression are some of the problems faced by students due to
24-hour connection with friends and other people. According to a study, students
fail to set goals for themselves due a confused state of mind.
-Teenagers get deep into a delirious state of mind once they start keeping their
phone next to them at all times.
c) Lack of social skills
-Students will have less verbal conversation among themselves and nonetheless
with their teachers as they depend entirely on the internet using their smartphones
in the class.
-Inside the classroom, students are distracted from the lessons to text, play games
and, if they are very daring, call other people.
5) Using computer
a) Computer addiction can cause physical damage
-Using a mouse and keyboard for many hours every day can lead to repetitive
stress injuries. Back problems are common among people who spent a lot of time
sitting at computer desks
-Late-night computer sessions cut into much-needed sleep time. Long-term sleep
deprivation causes drowsiness, difficulty concentrating, and depression of
the immune system. 
-Someone who spends hours at a computer is obviously not getting any
meaningful exercise, so computer addiction can indirectly lead to poor overall
physical condition and even obesity.
b) Short attention span and too much multitasking
-As you use a computer and the Internet and get immediate answers to your
questions and requests, you become accustomed to getting that quick dopamine
fix.
-You can become easily frustrated when something doesn't work or is not
answered in a timely matter.
-With a reduced attention span, it is also not uncommon to multitask more and
work on more than one thing at the same time. Many studies show that
multitasking is less productive, can cause more mistakes, and may even be bad
for your brain.
c) Time sink and lots of distraction
-It can also be something that can be used to waste a lot of your time. For
example, you could be trying to learn more about computers and see an
interesting link on cooking spaghetti, spending a few minutes reading that page. 
-Then, you read a page about the best pot to use, which leads to reading about
healthy eating. Two hours later, you realize you never achieved your original.
-Also, with the popularity of social networks and notifications, you can become
easily distracted while you are trying to work.
6) Facebook
a) One displays psychological disorders.
-An anti-social child often does not consider the effects their actions have on
others.
-This can be quite dangerous, especially during the already-volatile teen years.
Perhaps this should be termed the anti social media effect.
b) Spreading of false information
-False, misleading, or confusing online content can harm your brand’s
reputation, upset even loyal customers and can dissuade people from even
considering the purchase of your products or services.
-If a story regarding an incident goes viral, even if something like it has never
happened before, your company may find itself in a lengthy online public
relations battle.
-Online rumors can get started about the safety of certain foods, ingredients or
treatments that have little basis in fact, which may cause readers to avoid
purchasing, or even considering the products or services referenced in these
posts.
c) Online bullying and workplace tensions
-Employees who are victims of bullying often report experiencing extreme
stress, which may eventually affect their perfomance.
-Colleagues may also experience tensions if they follow each other on social
platforms. While many workers are careful to avoid expressing opinions on
controversial subjects at work, they may be less restrained online.
-If a colleague spots an opinion or meme that he finds upsetting, the
disagreement may spill over into the workplace, potentially damaging morale
and interfering with productivity.
7) Online businesses
a) New competitors
-It is within the ability of just about anyone to offer his products or services
online through any number of selling venues, thus adding literally millions of
new merchants to the global marketplace.
-For existing businesses, these new online sellers represent a challenge to retain
customers or risk being driven out of business.
b) Lost productivity
-due to employees using the Internet at work.
-Workers from certain company spend a substantial amount of their workday
replying to personal e-mail, following live sporting events and web surfing.
-Even for scenarios in which employees are not equipped with computers, the
availability of wireless Internet on phones and other mobile devices creates a
constant swarm of distraction that can cut work time.
c) Security
-Millions of money currencies are spent on security efforts to ensure that
transactions are safe and that customers will feel comfortable conducting
business online.
-Beyond day-to-day transactions, major security threats such as hackers,
viruses, and e-terrorism mean that providing security online means an added
expenditure that simply doesn’t exist.
-Breaches of security, such as the highly publicized theft of credit card data on
several occasions, lead customers to question the safety of doing business
online, which can hurt business further by lowering confidence levels.

8) Playing online games

a) Aggresive behaviour
-Every player would like to win the game and hence they develop aggressive
behavior.
-The shooting games will induce bad vision to the gamers and the gamers see the
society in the same vision.
b) Wrong values
- Certain online games teaches wrong values to the gamers. The online games
depict women as weaker characters and sexually provocative characters. 
-The gamers will take that and they do behave badly with the women in reality.
-Some gamers would even become rascists.
c) Bad academic perfomance
- The more your children spend in playing online games, the sooner they fall
asleep.
-Lack of concentration will be an issue to the children that spend more time in
playing online games.
- Some children would fall to the online games and a kind of addiction will
happen to them.

9) Sedentary lifestyles
a) The obvious health risks
-Being sedentary is the opposite of being active. What happens with inactivity?
Weight gain.
-Weight brings it’s own nasty problems, so a sedentary lifestyle has obvious
health risks like obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. 
-The more weight you gain the harder your heart has to work. Your heart is a
muscle, and the less it is worked, the weaker it becomes.
b) Loss of flexibility
- Blood doesn’t flow as freely through tight, bound muscles. Inflammation and
pain rear their ugly heads as flexibility is lost. 
-The more sitting you do, the more your hip flexors and low back become
particularly tight. Your abs and glutes also become weaker.
c) Increased chances of dementia, depression, and anxiety
- The mind is more linked to the lack of moving than most realize, especially in
the elderly. 
-You don’t have to become elderly before you feel the negative harmful effects of
a sedentary lifestyle on the mind.

10) Pollution
a) Air pollution
-High levels of air pollution can cause an increased risk of heart attack, wheezing,
coughing, and breathing problems, and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat.
-Air pollution can also cause worsening of existing heart problems, asthma, and
other lung complications.
-Like humans, animals can suffer from a number of health problems due to air
pollution, including birth defects, reproductive failure, and diseases.
b) Water pollution
-By far the biggest consequence of water pollution is the death of aquatic
creatures, which can disrupt the entire food chain.
-Nutrient pollution can cause toxic algal blooms in drinking water sources that
create toxins that kill fish and other aquatic animals.
-A consequential problem is created when disinfectants used to treat drinking
water reach water polluted with toxic algae, they react creating dioxins. Dioxins
can cause cancer.
c) Effects of land & soil pollution
-Contaminated land and soil can cause various problems on the skin, respiratory
problems, and even different kinds of cancers.
-Clear cutting of vegetation and tree cover creates harsh conditions that destroy
ecosystems and habitats.
-Deforestation also creates an imbalance in atmospheric conditions, reducing the
amount of carbon that is naturally taken out of the atmosphere. 

11) Urbanization
a) Biodiversity
-As cities grow in number, spatial extent and density, their environmental and
ecological footprints increase.
-Urban lifestyles, which tend to be consumptive, requiring great natural resources
and generating increasing amounts of waste also lead to increased levels of air,
water and soil pollution.

b) Inequality of water
 -Impervious surfaces associated with urbanization alter the natural amount of
water that takes each route.
-The consequences of this change are a decrease in the volume of water that
percolates into the ground; and a resulting increase in volume and decrease in
quality of surface water.
- These hydrological changes have significant implications for the quantity of
fresh and clean water that is available for use by humans, fish and wildlife.
c) Diseases
- The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020, non-communicable
diseases such as heart disease will account for 69 percent of all deaths in
developing countries.
-Another urbanization-related threat is infectious diseases. Air travel carries
bacteria and viruses from one country to the next.
-In addition, people relocating from rural areas are not immune to the same
diseases as long-time city residents, which puts them at a greater risk of
contracting a disease.
D. How to …
1. Overcome stress
a) Exercise
-Working out regularly is one of the best ways to relax your body and mind. Plus,
exercise will improve your mood.
-Doing sport at least once a week as it helps your body produce endorphins,
which make you feel good.
-Focus on setting fitness goals you can meet so you don’t give up.
b) Laugh and entertain yourself
-Laughing out loud increases oxygen and blood flow which automatically reduces
stress.
-Not taking life too seriously can help everyone live better and easier life.
-Make time for yourself, log out of any social media and take breaks.
c) Talk about your problems
-If things are bothering you, talking about them can help lower your stress.
-You can talk to family members, friends, a trusted clergyman, your doctor, or a
therapist.
-If you’re giving yourself a negative message, change it to a positive one.For
example, don’t tell yourself “I can’t do this.” Tell yourself instead: “I can do this,”
or “I’m doing the best I can.”

2. Fight crimes
a) Take bullying seriously
- Being bullied leads to truancy and dropping out of school, which are associated
with delinquency and a host of bad outcomes.
- Whole-school curriculums to combat bullying work and are creating a
generation of better-adjusted children (and are a vast improvement over zero-
tolerance policies).
- A parent's best strategy for countering bullying is to reach out to as many people
as necessary to make sure that the bullying comes to an end.

b) Preventing car break-ins

-Remove all valuables from your car. Don’t leave valuables visible.
 -Park in well-lighted areas and don’t park near shrubs or fences that could
provide concealment for criminals.
-Always trust your instincts and gut feelings – if you sense something is odd, it
probably is. Call and get the next available officer sent to your area.
c) Home safety
-Close and lock all doors even when leaving for a short period of time. This
includes garages and connecting doors.
-Install good locks on doors and windows and USE THEM. Don’t hide keys in
mailboxes and planters or under doormats. Instead, leave an extra set of keys with
a trusted neighbor or friend.
-Install a peephole or wide angle viewer in all entry doors so you can see who is
outside without opening the door. Door chains break easily and don’t keep out
intruders.

3. Stop fake news

a) Understand when a message is forwarded
- Messages with the "Forwarded" label help you determine if your friend or
relative wrote the message or if it originally came from someone else. 
- When a message is forwarded from one user to another more than five times, it's
indicated with a double arrow icon 
- If you're not sure who wrote the original message, double check the facts. To
learn more about forwarding messages, please read these articles.
b) Fake news often goes viral
- Even if a message is shared many times, this doesn’t make it true.
- Don't forward a message because the sender is urging you to do so.
- . If you see something that's fake, tell the person that sent it to you and ask them
to verify information before they share it.
- If a group or a contact is constantly sending fake news, report them.
c) Check photos and media carefully
- Photos, audio recordings, and videos can be edited to mislead you.
-Look at trusted news sources to see if the story is being reported elsewhere.
- When a story is reported in multiple places, it's more likely to be true.
4. Encourage students to attend school
a) Give positive feedback
- Praising your students is one of the most effective and easiest ways to lift their
spirits and keep them working hard.
- Teachers who excel at praising their students do it publically as well as
privately, both verbally and in writing.
- They send notes home to parents (when appropriate) and have special events
during school to recognize the achievements of their students.
b) Set realistic expectations and celebrate when they are met
-Your students don’t have to be optimists to set unrealistic goals and expectations
for themselves. No one can become fluent after only one semester studying
English.
- Sometimes the best thing for your students is for you to be a voice of reason.
-Help them understand what realistic progress looks like, and work with them to
set goals that are challenging but still reachable.
c) Vary the teaching method
- When you vary what you do in class, you will find that your students are more
engaged and more excited to participate. 
-In particular, when you vary your activities to meet your students’ different
learning styles, they will not only have fun but will find your teaching more
effective. 
- Try to include visual activities and oral activities. Use music and hands on
activities on a regular basis. Give your students a chance to use their hands
and get physical with what you are teaching.

5. Be successful in life
a) Build a growth mindset
- Rather than thinking their abilities are fixed or stuck, people who have a growth
mindset believe that effort and hard work can lead to meaningful growth.
- When faced with a challenge, they look for ways to develop the knowledge and
skills that they need to overcome and triumph.
-People with growth mindsets don't believe that failure is a reflection of their
abilities. Instead, they view it as a valuable source of experience from which they
can learn and improve.
b) Improve your emotional intelligence
- Focus on identifying what you are feeling and what is causing those feelings.
- Step back and try to view things with an impartial eye. Avoid bottling up or
repressing your feelings, but look for healthy and appropriate ways of dealing
with what you are feeling.
-Listen to others. This not only involves hearing what they are saying, but also
paying attention to nonverbal signals and body language.
c) Develop mental toughness
-  Cut out negative self-talk and look for ways to stay positive and self-
encouraging.
-Even when things seem impossible or setbacks keep holding you back, focus on
ways that you can develop your skills and keep soldiering forward.
- Find support. Doing things alone can be difficult, but having a strong support
system can make things easier.

6. Be safe on the road

a) Always wear a seatbelt
- You have a vastly greater chance of surviving a collision if you wear a seatbelt,
which reduce the risk of death by as much as 60%.
- WHO also recommends age-appropriate child restraints for children under 4
years and booster seats for older children up to ten years of age or 135 cm tall. 
- For both adults and children, the strongest parts of the body are the hips and
shoulders. Seat belts are designed to contact the body at these parts, providing
optimum protection.
b) Restrict alcohol use
- Even low levels of alcohol consumption are associated with majorly increased
risks – whether you are on foot, on two wheels or four.
- It is always safest not to drink but if you do, stay within recommended limits; or
better still, make sure to arrange alternative transport for you and your family.
- One should remain sober during the outing, which means they refrain from
drinking alcohol, to ensure everyone gets home safely.
c) Avoid distractions
-There are many types of distractions that can lead to impaired driving, but the
distraction caused by mobile phones is a particular and growing concern.
 -Drivers using mobile phones are approximately four times more likely to be
involved in a crash.
-Hands-free phones are not much safer and if you are texting, the risk increases
by more than twenty-fold.

7. Be healthy
a) Eat healthy
- What you eat is closely linked to your health. Balanced nutrition has many
benefits.
-By making healthier food choices, you can prevent or treat some conditions like
heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
-A healthy diet can help you lose weight and lower your cholesterol, as well.
b) Get regular exercise
- Exercise can help prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and colon cancer and
also can help treat depression, osteoporosis, and high blood pressure.
- Routine exercise can make you feel better and keep your weight under control. 
- Try to be active for 30 to 60 minutes about 5 times a week. Remember, any
amount of exercise is better than none.
c) Protect your skin
- It’s best to limit your time spent in the sun to avoid skin cancer.
- Be sure to wear protective clothing and hats when you are outside.
- Use sunscreen year-round on exposed skin, like your face and hands.
- Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks both UVA and UVB rays. It
should be at least an SPF 15.

8. Unite people
a) Spread the word in your people
- think of setting up a residents' association or community group.
- Talk to your neighbours, distribute posters and flyers and write to your local
newspaper explaining your aims.
- You could start with a meeting in a local hall or even your living room and see
what kind of turnout you get.
b) Go green in the community
- Get local backing and set up an environmental community group or get active
with an existing amenity or community garden group.
- Urban gardens and green spaces can help to soften an area and create a vital
breathing space which can be enjoyed by all generations.
- Areas of green such as lawns, gardens or landscaped areas bring peace and
tranquillity and offer healthy benefits in the form of cleaner air and visual
stimulation.
c) Be sociable
- Think about organising a street party, summer fete or other fun event. It could
be purely for pleasure or raise funds for a local good cause at the same time.
- Get together with a few friends to decide what kind of event is likely to work
best then sound out other neighbours for feedback.
- Think about how the catering will be managed – you could try pot luck with
everyone bringing something along or else buy in supplies and have a team of
volunteers to do the cooking.