1. (a). What are the basic principles of public life?

Illustrate any three

of these with suitable examples.

The fundamental principle in a democracy is that all persons holding authority

derive it from the people; in other words, all public functionaries are trustees of the
people. With the expansion of the role of government, public functionaries exercise
considerable influence over the lives of people. The trusteeship relationship
between the public and the officials requires that the authority entrusted to the
officials be exercised in the best interest of the people or in ‘public interest’.
One of the most comprehensive statements of what constitutes principles of public
life came from the Nolan Committee, which outlined the following seven principles
of public life Selflessness, Integrity, Objectivity, Accountability, Openness,
Honesty, Leadership.

▪ Leadership: Holders of public office should promote and support the principles
of public life by leadership and example.
▪ For eg. Lal Bahadur Shastri used to fast every Monday to save grains for poor
people of the country and he gave a call for the nation to follow it. Thus exhibiting
a true example of how leaders should lead from the front.
▪ Selflessness: Holders of public office should act solely in terms of public
interest. They should not do so in order to gain financial or other benefits for
themselves, their family or their friends.
▪ For eg. Tukaram Omble of Maharashtra police tackled Kasab one of the terrorists
of Mumbai attack so that he couldn’t attack his fellow servicemen. Thus showing
exemplary courage and the highest degree of selflessness by giving away his life
for the cause of his nation.
▪ Gita also in one of its shloka- karmanye vadhikaraste ma phaleshu kadachana
reiterates the principle of selflessness which means one should only focus on our
actions and should not worry about the result.
▪ Accountability: Holders of public office are accountable for their decisions and
actions to the public and must submit themselves to whatever scrutiny is
appropriate to their office.
▪ For eg. Vikram Sarabhai accepted the failure of ISRO first mission without
actually putting it on the mission head (APJ Abdul Kalam). Thus taking full
accountability for the failure of his team.
▪ Thus it can be established that principles of public life are important for every
democracy. Guidelines of public behaviour arising from such principles can play
a crucial role in creating trust between the public functionaries and common
public. Therefore any person who is privileged to guide the destiny of the people
must not only be ethical but must be seen to practice these principles of public
life.

1. (b). What do you understand by the term ‘public servant’? Reflect on

the expected role of the public servant.
A public servant is generally a person who is employed directly or indirectly by the
government, either through appointment or election. A public servant values public good
over his/her personal interests. Taxpayers and public funds partially or fully fund their
wages, which is why they are known as servants of the public. The duties of public
servants are as diverse as the duties and responsibilities of the government.
There are many elements which a public servant can imbibe to bring about a more
humane and ethical governance structure. A few of these are:

▪ Public Servants have an obligation to protect and promote our constitutional

ideals enshrined in the preamble, to uphold the rule of law, dispense administrative
justice and ensure administrative facilitation.
▪ As an elite segment of society, public servants have an important role in informing and
even formulating public opinion and perception on various issues.
▪ The public servant should be emphatic as also advised by Mahatma Gandhi’s that if
anyone was in doubt if an action was good or not was to put oneself in the situation of
the poorest of the poor in the country and see how a particular policy and programme
will impact him or her.
▪ S/He should also be ‘efficient’ as administrators occupying positions of power and
authority, it is their responsibility to translate policies into programmes, to implement
schemes on the ground.
▪ They need to be agile in their thoughts and actions. For eg. they should be able to
access the latest information and knowledge and use them for improving service
delivery.
▪ They should be impartial and incorruptible as also observed by Sardar Patel and
should work for an inclusive national development as mandated by the Constitution.
▪ They should behave in a dignified manner and have the ability to patiently listen and
take a balanced view. They must eschew arrogance and authoritarianism and be able to
approach even the most intractable issues and irritants with a calm demeanour.

Kautilya in his Arthashastra emphasised on the importance of the common citizens: “It is
the people who constitute a kingdom; like a barren cow, a kingdom without people yields
nothing”. Thus the success of the administration depends upon the involvement,
commitment, dedication and sacrifice with which the public servants put their efforts for
the welfare of the teeming millions in the country.

2. (a). Effective utilization of public funds is crucial to meet development

goals. Critically examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-
utilization of public funds and their up.

Effective utilization of funds for welfare services is one of the key tenets to ensure social
and economic justice and meet developmental goals. However, as former Prime Minister
Rajeev Gandhi had remarked, “only 15 paise for every 1 rupee spent on public welfare
actually reaches to the masses”, thereby highlighting the gravity of ineffective utilization
of funds in our country.
Public servants are the trustees of the hard earned public funds, therefore it becomes
their moral and legal responsibility for their effective utilization. The various reasons due
to which these funds are under-utilized and mis-utilized are given below:

▪ Under-Utilization:
o High administrative cost and procedural delays in government offices which
keeps the funds tied in administrative tangles and bureaucratic loopholes.
o Inappropriate budgetary allocation, for example: use of guillotine voting
o Lack of sufficient staff in government offices
o Improper technological penetration at grassroot level
o Ineffective decentralization of financial power
▪ Mis-Utilization:

o Corruption leading to diversion of funds to unauthorised sources.

o Poor accountability mechanism preventing their effective monitoring and
utilization.
o Lack of coherence in planning.
o Ineffective decentralization of power
o Populist politics in the country.
o Corporate impact on policy makers i.e crony capitalism
o Favouritism and misuse of office i.e favouring someone over others while
allocation of government projects.
o Expenditure rush during the month of March, popularly known as ‘March Rush’,
which leads to unplanned and improper fund expenditure, to prevent lapsing of
funds that have remained unutilized.
o Diversion of funds to other purposes.

Implications

▪ Social: Violation of the rights and entitlements of the masses. It leads to social problems
like inequality, illiteracy, poor health and sanitation, increased animosity among different
communities etc.
▪ Political: Misallocation and underutilization has led to unequal development in the
country, increased corruption and inequality within different states. This has created the
problems of regionalism, naxalism, and separatism.
▪ Economic: India’s continuous struggle with poverty and inability to build on its
demographic dividend has been the major impact. Inspite of having a potential of double
digit growth, our growth story still revolves around 7%, along with inadequate
improvement in infrastructure, human indices, employment etc.
▪ Ethical: Breach of ‘Doctrine of Public Trust’ which lays responsibility on public servant
for judicious use for the benefits of the masses.

No matter how good the policy we frame, its impact drastically depends on the allocation
and effective utilization of funds. Therefore, to realize the ethical and moral duty
incorporated in Directive Principles of States Policy to maximize welfare measures and
prevent concentration of wealth in few hands, it is important to take appropriate policy
measures to realize the goals of national development.
2. (b). “Non-performance of duty by a public servant is a form of
corruption”. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.

Transparency International regards corruption as abuse of power which erodes the fabric
of society. It undermines people’s trust in the political system, in its institutions and its
leadership. A distrustful or apathetic public can then become yet another hurdle to
challenging corruption.
All civil servants are entrusted with public duty for the welfare of the masses. Negligence
to the public duty cost masses by loss of their freedom, health, education, rights and even
life sometimes, and hence, nonperformance of duty by a public servant is also a form of
corruption. For example: A doctor not reaching hospital on time threatens the life of the
patients, a teacher not performing his duty not only endangers the future of children but
of society as a whole and a police officers not doing what is mandated in riotous situation
leads to loss of life.
Corruption amounts to breach of faith reposed by the public in civil servant and violation
of the rights of individuals. It presents a roadblock to effective administration, law and
order, failure to achievement of objectives of welfare policies and eventually guarantee of
realisation of constitutional goals like social, economic and political justice.
Non-performance of duty by public servants for which they are morally, legally and
constitutionally mandated to do, is a form of corruption as the Prevention to the
Corruption Act considers non-performance of public duty as an offence.
Therefore, it is essential for every civil servant to perform their duty as mandated in order
to uphold the constitutional values and become a vehicle for change in the life of masses,
so that common public can enjoy what they are entitled to.

3 .a ) What is meant by the term ‘constitutional

morality’? How does one uphold constitutional
morality?

Answer: ‘Constitutional morality’ can be defined as a moral

responsibility of an individual to be faithful towards constitutional
values and uphold them with utmost integrity, without any
compromise.

How to uphold constitutional morality

• Criticise non-constitutional practices
It is necessary to speak up against any actions, which you feel
 as illegal or unethical under the constitution. By going against
the convention and taking a moral high ground, you act as a
preserver of constutional values.
Ex: As a public servant you see that basic constitutional
rights(Freedom, equality etc) are being violated and you
decide to speak up, regardless of the consequences.
• Propagating the importance to public
Only our beliefs and actions for upholding constitutional values
is not enough. It is our moral obligation to educate public
regarding the importance to uphold these ideals. This will be
fruitful for our democracy on the long run.
Ex: Conducting programmes in schools where children are
trained to inculcate constitutional values and practice them in
their day to day life.
Way forward
• It has been observed that young officers are resigning from
service and aim to uphold ‘constitutional morality’, which they
say is being violated.
• But the fact is that ‘constitutional molarity’ can be better
preserved by being part of the system and initiating reforms
rather than working out of the system.
Thus, we can conclude that upholding’ constitutional morality’ is
indeed very important part of our official as well as moral duty and it
needs combined efforts of all the sections of the society to make it
possible.lose

3.a)Constitutional Morality

Introduction
▪ According to Dr. Ambedkar, Constitutional morality would mean effective coordination
between conflicting interests of different people and the administrative cooperation to
resolve them amicably without any confrontation amongst the various groups working for
the realization of their ends at any cost.
▪ Constitutional morality has been regarded as a paramount reverence for the constitution.
 ▪ Constitutional morality provides a principled understanding for unfolding the work of
governance. It specifies norms for institutions to survive and an expectation of behaviour
that will meet not just the text but the soul of the Constitution. It also makes the
governing institutions and representatives accountable.
▪ Constitutional Morality is scarcely a new concept. It is written largely in the Constitution
itself like in the section of Fundamental Rights (Article 12 to 35), Directive Principle of
State Policy (Article 36 to 51), Preamble and Fundamental duties.

Elements of constitutional morality

Supreme Court's Judgements and Constitutional Morality

▪ Constitutional morality is not limited only to following the constitutional provisions
literally but is based on values like individual autonomy and liberty; equality without
discrimination; recognition of identity with dignity; the right to privacy.
▪ Constitutional morality means adherence to the core principles of constitutional
democracy.

o For Example: In Supreme Court’s Sabarimala verdict religious freedom,

gender equality and the right of women to worship guaranteed under
 Article 14, 21 and 25 of the Constitution was reinstated which struck down
the practice of banning entry of women of a certain age to the Sabarimala
temple in Kerala as unconstitutional.
▪ Constitutional morality here went against social morality that discriminates against
women based on biological reasons like menstruation.
▪ Other Judgments by the Supreme Court defining Constitutional Morality:

o In Kesavananda Bharati Case, the Supreme Court restricted the power of

the Parliament to violate the Basic Structure of the Constitution.
o In the Naz Foundation case, the Supreme Court opined that only
Constitutional Morality and not Public Morality should prevail.
o In Lt Governor of Delhi case, SC proclaimed constitutional morality as a
governing ideas that "highlight the need to preserve the trust of people in
the institution of democracy.
o In Sabarimala case, the Supreme Court bypassed the “doctrine of
essentiality” to uphold the Constitutional morality

Significance
▪ Constitutional morality ensures the establishment of rule of law in the land while
integrating the changing aspirations and ideals of the society.
▪ Constitutional morality as a governing ideal that highlights the need to preserve the trust
of the people in institutions of democracy. As such an ideal, it allows people to cooperate
and coordinate to pursue constitutional aspirations that cannot be achieved single-
handedly.
▪ Constitutional morality can use laws and forms to impact and change the persisting social
morality. For example, by abolishing the practice of Sati by legislation, the right to dignity
and life was passed on to the widows which later on affected the perception of the
practice in the society.
▪ Constitutional morality recognises plurality and diversity in society and tries to make
individuals and communities in the society more inclusive in their functioning by
constantly providing the scope for improvement and reforms. For example in Navtej Singh
Johar v. Union of India, the SC provided a framework to reaffirm the rights of LGBTQ and
all gender non-conforming people to their dignity, life, liberty, and identity.

Concerns
▪ The term has not been clearly defined by the SC, which leaves the scope of its subjective
interpretation by the individual judges.
▪ This top-down approach to morality can affect the possibility of organic emergence of the
solutions to the persisting ethical problems in society.
 ▪ Violates the principle of separation of powers: It establishes judicial supremacy over
parliamentary supremacy. Against the very principle of democratic government.
▪ It is claimed that the application of this doctrine amounts to judicial overreach and are
thereby pitting “constitutional morality” against “societal/popular morality”

Need to Uphold Constitutional Morality

▪ The central elements of constitutional morality are freedom and self-restraint. Self-
restraint was a precondition for maintaining freedom under a proper constitutional
government.

o To uphold constitutional morality, the constitutional methods must be used

for achieving social and economic objectives.
▪ Commitment to the ideals and aspirations of the Constitution.

o Awareness creation among the common public regarding their rights which
are protected by the Constitution.
o Following the Fundamental Duties while exercising Fundamental Rights.

Conclusion
▪ Constitutional Morality is a sentiment to be cultivated in the minds of a responsible
citizen. Upholding constitutional morality is not just the duty of Judiciary or state but also
of individuals.

o The preamble of the constitution explicitly mentions the type of society we

wish to establish; it is only through constitutional morality it can become
reality.
▪ The progressive and monumental precedents have been set-up by the judiciary in the past
few years, where this doctrine has been applied especially in relation to the cases of
gender-justice, institutional propriety, social uplift, checking majoritarianism and other
such evils.
3. (b). What is meant by ‘crisis of conscience’ ? How does it manifest itself
in the public domain?

There is a higher court than courts of justice and that is the court of conscience. It
supersedes all other courts. — Mahatma Gandhi
Crisis of Conscience

▪ It is the dilemma of being ethically unfair or wrong in the decision making process.
▪ Sometimes in complex and emotional situations, it is very hard to decide what is the right
thing to do. The situation might need a different solution practically which might be
immoral but our conscience strongly suggests us a completely different approach.
▪ It is ethically proper to violate an ethical principle only when it is clearly necessary to
advance another true ethical principle which will create the greatest amount of good and
the least amount of harm to the greatest number of people, which is the utilitarian
approach.

How does it manifest in public domain?

▪ It manifests in the decision making process by civil servants where the decision can
impact a huge number of people. The problem arises when they are pressurised under
some ministerial influence to take immoral decisions or implement unethical policies.
▪ It manifests in the tussle between ethics and the law. For example, restricting public
movement in Kashmir for upholding law and order raised the situation of crisis of
conscience. Similarly, despite having a legal status as a third gender, transgenders
continue to face oppression, marginalisation, lack of employment opportunities which
forces them to resort to beggary, and this failure to ascertain to them life of dignity is a
manifestation of the crisis of conscience in public domain.

It is common to come across such crises of conscience in public domain where lives and
decisions overlap and come face to face almost every time. The key to overcome such
crisis of conscience for public servant is through keeping all dimensions in mind, freeing
himself from desires or pressures and staying calm & true to public service ethical code
and legal framework.

4. (a). Explain the basic principles of citizens charter movement and bring
out its importance.

Citizen’s Charter is a document of voluntary commitments made by a government

organization to the citizens/client groups in respect of the services/schemes being
provided to them or to be provided to them.
The main objective of Citizen’s Charter is to improve the quality of public services. The
aim of the exercise is to build bridges between citizens and administration and to
streamline administration in tune with the needs of citizens. This is done by letting people
know the mandate of the concerned Ministry/ Department/Organisation, how one can get
in touch with its officials, what to expect by way of services and how to seek a remedy if
something goes wrong.
Principles of Citizen Charter

▪ Quality: improving the quality of services

▪ Choice: for the users wherever possible
▪ Standards: specifying what to expect within a time frame
▪ Value: for taxpayers money
▪ Accountability: of the service provider (individual as well as organisation)
▪ Transparency: in rules, procedures, schemes and grievance redressal
▪ Participative: consult and involve

Importance

▪ It is helpful in making administration more transparent and accountable.

▪ It is citizen-centric in nature and makes the administration more citizen friendly.
▪ It promotes good governance
▪ It improves service delivery to the citizens.
▪ It provides a pathway for grievance redressal.

A Citizen Charter cannot be an end in itself, it is rather a means to an end- a tool to ensure
that citizens always remain at the heart of any service delivery model.

4. (b). There is a view that the Officials Secrets Act is an obstacle to the
implementation of RTI Act. Do you agree with the view? Discuss.

Right to Information (RTI), 2005 is a path breaking legislation that brought in an era of
transparency in Indian governance system. It empowered the masses in the following
ways:

▪ Making information accessible to the masses

 ▪ Increased accountability of government for their decisions
▪ A tool to ensure curb on corruption
▪ It enhanced public trust on the government
▪ Efficient working of Government employees.
▪ Ensured Impartiality

However, The Officials Secret Act (OSA) enacted by the British Government in 1923, to
curb down its Enemy States, acts contrary to provisions of RTI. Not only is it anachronistic
and lacks usage in a liberal, modern day democracy , it creates obstacles in the
implementation of RTI, in the following ways:

▪ Colonial era act.

▪ Majorly used by government to withhold information from citizens by citing security
concerns.
▪ also used to cover up government impropriety.
▪ Used as a draconian weapon of threat against Journalists and activists to unearth
governmental shortcomings.
▪ Used to silence specific investigations undertaken by citizens or civil society.
▪ May lead to wrongful suspicion of spying on citizens eg: S Nambi Narayan,an eminent
ISRO scientist, was investigated in the ISRO spy case. He faced a criminal trial under
OSA and acquitted now after 24 long years.

Moreover,

▪ Liberal and modern democracy runs on complete participation of citizens in each and
every Government decision.
▪ There would be no espionage if every information is already available in public domain.
▪ Why should government be afraid/concerned, if there is nothing to hide?
▪ Why only government get to decide what needs to be kept secret, in a democracy?

However, Complete transparency is neither possible nor desirable due to security

concerns, especially when India is faced with multifaceted threats on account of being
placed in a hostile neighbourhood.

▪ Classified and sensitive documents on national security issues like Nuclear Installations,
Movement of Troops etc. is of little use to the public and also jeopardise the safety of the
nation.
▪ Espionage concerns cannot be ruled out. Recent theft of design plan of Scorpene Class
Submarine is one such example.

Despite, Section 22 of the Right to Information (RTI) Act explicitly stating that it overrides
the OSA by forbidding the Government to deny access to a document demanded through
an RTI question just on the sole ground that it has been marked secret under the OSA,
there needs to be a firmer system in place to differentiate between the use and misuse of
OSA. Now, that we have systems like Lokpal at place, so giving an Independent
committee the responsibility to curb government’s autonomy on deciding what qualifies
as “secret” will be a welcome change.
Hence, there is a need to balance secrecy and transparency. As, the Second
Administrative Reforms Commission (SARC) Report, 2006, suggested that a culture of
secrecy breeds confidentiality, making disclosure a rarity.

5. (a). What do you understand by probity in governance? Based on your

understanding of the term, suggest measures for ensuring probity in
government. (150 words)

Probity in Governance is a vital need for executing the governance system and socio-
economic development. It is defined as adherence to ethical and moral values like
honesty. Integrity, rectitude, uprightness etc. It is the presence of procedural integrity with
high standards of ethical behaviour.
Probity in Governance additionally elucidates that rather than the conventional civil
service values of performance, integrity and patriotism, it’s vital for civil officials to adopt
as well as undertake ethical and integrity values, which includes respect for human rights,
morality in public life and compassion for the downtrodden and dedication to their welfare.
Probity in Governance seeks to fulfil the following purposes:

▪ It preserves public confidence in Government processes

▪ It maintains integrity in public services
▪ It ensures accountability in governance
▪ It ensures compliance with processes
▪ It seeks to avoid the potential for misconduct, fraud and corruption

Measures to Ensure Probity in Government

Lack of probity in governance has become one of the biggest menaces of society. To
inculcate probity & adherence to ethical practices among them certain strides could be
taken:

▪ FtA dedicated unit to oversee violation of Code of ethics & Code of conduct by
government officials be set up both at state and centre level.
▪ Information must be made accessible to common public through websites.
▪ Mandatory declaration of assets and liabilities of government employees, accompanied
by proper auditing.
▪ Establishment of Independent Anti-Corruption Agency
▪ Citizens Advisory Boards to incorporate ideas of common public in improving
governance.
▪ Mandatory Social Audit of all government programs, for example: Meghalaya has
passed a law for social audit of government programs.

Apart from laws and policies, the government should also focus on bringing behavioural
change in government employees so that they can easily empathize with the problem of
common mass so as to fulfil the democratic goal of “government by the people, for the
people and to the people”.

5. (b). “Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work

for you instead of against you.” Do you agree with this view? Discuss.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to understand one’s own emotions and
those of others to regulate and manage them and utilize them to execute tasks. It is the
basis of the social skills of administrators that contribute to organizational effectiveness.
These set of skills are imperative to deal with the challenges of administration such as
political interference, communication with people and conflict management.
E.I. works in your favour in the following manner:

▪ It helps in maintaining objectivity while dispensing work

▪ It leads to efficient and desired outcomes.
▪ Increases trust among colleagues.
▪ Reduces stress and any extreme outburst.
▪ Helps in understanding the state of mind of others.
▪ Prepares you to deal with unexpected circumstances.
▪ Emotional Intelligence could help an officer to be motivated and to inspire her/his
subordinates to execute the given tasks efficiently.
▪ In Decision making, Emotional Intelligence helps civil servant in restricting the
overflowing of their emotions and keeping their temperament under control in case of
any unwarranted influences.
▪ Moreover, EI helps the civil servant to have an empathetic attitude towards the common
people, especially poor and vulnerable ones.

Eg1: If you had a fight at home just before coming to office, then there is a strong
possibility of a spillover of the bad mood at workplace in the form of shouting at the
colleagues or being rude and excessively defensive. But, if you are good at E.I., then
you’ll calm yourself down, managing your extreme emotions. This will assist you in better
discharging your duties to the best of your capabilities.
So, this way , you moulded your emotions to work for you, rather than letting them create
a hindrance for you.
Eg2: Suppose, you are supervising a very important project in the public domain with a
strict deadline. As the deadline approaches, if you have low E.I. you will get easily
agitated, anxious, frustrated, discouraged and pessimistic. This will create further
obstacles for your projects.
But, if you have high E.I. then you will excel, motivate your team members to expedite the
work, will calmly think of other innovative ways to hasten the work through a positive
outlook and happy disposition.
Thus, E.I. helps in curbing the randomness and extremity of emotions. This further leads
to a positive perspective and stable performance rather than creating any hindrance
which may go against us.

6.a)An unexamined life is not worth living.” – Socrates. What does

this quotation mean to you? (10 marks)

Mentor’s comment-

• In the first part of the answer explain the context in which the
above quote is said by the author.
• In the next part explain what do you understand by the quote.
This quote deals with the examination of life, i.e. introspection.
• Introspection helps us in our pursuit of wisdom and search for
the truth.
• But the quote can also be counter-argued by mentioning that all
unexamined lives are not worth living is unreasonable. For
many, life in itself is worth living whether it is examined or not.
• Also mention how the quote applies in the present context in the
life of a person in society.

Answer

Socrates was considered by many to be the wisest man in ancient Greece,

his spoken words are still listened to and followed today.

Meaning of – An unexamined life is not worth living.

Through this statement, Socrates means that an unexamined human life is

deprived of the meaning and purpose of existence. To become fully human
means to use our highly developed faculty of thought to raise our existence
above that of mere beasts. For if we don’t think, we are no more than
animals, simply eating, sleeping, working and procreating.

Importance of examined life

• Just like a seed needs soil, sunlight, and water for its germination,
human life needs introspection and examination for its growth.
An understanding of the experiences gained in life at any
particular time enriches one’s engagement with the self and the
universe.
• Mahatma Gandhi’s examination of self through his
autobiography ‘My experiments with truth’ highlights the
significance of reflection on life. Mahatma Gandhi was not only
able to map his weaknesses and vulnerabilities through the
examination but was also able to question his prejudices and
understand his strength as a human being.
• This very ability to reflect on life adds more depth to the
character of ‘Arjun’ in Mahabharat than most of the other
characters like Bheeshm, Yudhishthir or the Kauravs. Instead of
following the norms and fighting with his clan, Arjun questions
the meaninglessness of the war and the purpose of his life.
• The fast-changing societies and consumerist culture in the
contemporary world leave less time for human beings to examine
and think about the changes. Adaptation to changes has become
automatic and unquestionable.

The current relevance of the statement

• The quotation has strong relevance in the present times where

human beings are burdened with the histories of war,
colonization, nationalization, erosion of morality in the scientific
and technological advancements and the sense of spiritual
uprootedness.

It is in these times that one needs to delve deeper into the conscience to
find the purpose of existence and engage in a more meaningful manner
with society.

6.b)
“ A Man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes.”

Mahatma Gandhi

I have chosen this quotation of Gandhi because I believe in it. I can relate andreflect u
pon the statement for I know that I am aware that my thoughts mold me tobecome thi
s kind of person. That proves me that I am a product of my thoughts becauseit manife
st my personality, actions/behavior. My artwork shows how that schemes work.
The quotation “A Man is but a product of his thoughts. What he thinks, he
be
comes” explains that a man can be described by the kind of thoughts he choose.
Thoughts can be either positive or negative. It can be good or bad, happy or sad. Sinc
ehe thinks about it, he attracts it into his life. For example, when a child is dreaming w
hathe wants to become when he grows up. Surely he will think first what he really wa
nts to
become where it doesn’t just suddenly come there. Of course his actions in the very
moment will be appropriate to his thoughts in order to manifest his desires. Our action
smust be compatible with our thoughts as how we think and visualize it. If you want to
become a basketball player in the future, you must not practice soccer now. If we wan
tto become rich someday, we should not be lazy in the present moment.In a modern
sense, this system of attracting things in our lives by the use of
thoughts is called “The Law of Attraction” in which case, it
is somehow pretty muchbeen scientifically proven at this point. It says that "Every tho
ught vibrates, everythought radiates a signal, and every thought attracts a matching si
gnal back. We callthat process the Law of Attraction. The Law of Attraction says: That
which is like untoitself is drawn. And so, you might see the powerful Law of Attraction
as a sort ofUniversal Manager that sees to it that all thoughts that match one another li
ne up."(From Esther & Jerry Hicks) This explains that through our thoughts, we shoul
d sendthe same frequency and vibration to the universe to attract it. If we want love an
dabundance, we should send the same frequency as love and abundance through o
urthoughts.
But in Gandhi’s philosophical insight, it pertains to man’s nature. The basic and
most fundamental aspect of individual to improve and develop himself is a way in ord
erto become a better person. In this way, we can preserve humanity, through peace, l
oveand harmony where we must find it first within ourselves to spread it. That is how I
understand his statement if I am to
consider Gandhi’s
background -
the preeminentleader and freedom fighter of Indian nationalism in British-
ruled India. Employingnonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independenc
e and inspiredmovements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
 As I understand the quotation, it explains that the kind of thoughts that run
s in hismind will manifest him and his identity. If he only thinks nothing but goodness,
he is agood and a virtuous person
. It is said that “thoughts became words, words becameactions, and actions became
our destiny.” So
everything that we think will define whowe are
. That’s why we must not judge others because what we think about them doesn’t
prove who they are but it defines who we are. It is a very good example to helpourselv
es to become a better person and accord with the harmony and peace with eachoth
er.
The illustration I’ve drawn explains the quotation I’ve chosen. The
image how herthoughts molds her into a beautiful being shows the manifestation of b
eauty. The colorssymbolize how its beauty affects the appearance of the woman. The
image is somehowbroad & abstractly presented symbolizing an absorbent being that
manifests the beautyof her surroundings. It is because of her pure thoughts that actu
alize those beauties.
But I’ve decided to draw it that way not ordi
narily and only to explain the
relevance of my drawing to the quotation I’ve chosen but it is a representation of my
being. It depicts my personality. My mind abode happiness and beauty which bestdes
cribes me. The colorful art pertains to my happiness and the artistic manner of itsdesi
gn pertains to my inward beauty. Happiness abodes in me, it is a choice and can be
find within me. People tend to forget that happiness doesn’t come as a result of gettin
gs happyomething they don’t have. We must always be content
ed and appreciate what wehave. The beauty of my illustration shows how the beauty
abodes in me for I am thekind of person that can see the beauty in everyone and in e
verything. I can say that Iam a beautiful human being but I cannot draw a beautiful hu
m
an being that’s why I just
draw a face in my illustration and color it abstractly. But the artwork looks beautiful too,
in its own way. We need to realize that in life, everything has its beauty, in its own way
;everything has its purpose and God has made nothing useless in this world, everythi
nghappens for a reason.
So I always think positively in every situation, that’s why mind is clean and pure
and so with my heart. We should not waste millions of our thoughts to think negatively
. All is well, all is beautiful. Everything has its own purpose in life. Be the ma
n you wantto become, for our destiny depends in the predominant thoughts that we
keep onvisualizing.
6.c)“Where there is righteousness in the heart, there is beauty in
the character. When there is beauty in the character, there is
harmony in the home. When there is harmony in the home, there
is order in the nation. When there is order in the nation, there is
peace in the world.” – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. What does this
quotation mean to you? (10 marks)
Mentor’s comment-

• This quote connects the purity or righteousness in one’s heart

with world peace.
• Write how each part of the sentence matters and ultimately
leads to world peace. First, righteousness in one’s heart
contributes to building one’s character and ultimately it adds to
the beauty in one’s character. One’s character matters for the
harmony it creates in ones surrounding and in the family. This
harmony in the family contributes to the progress and prosperity
of the nation and ultimately lead to its development. And
ultimately a nation with harmony within contributes to world
peace.
• Conclude by stressing the importance of world peace today for
the development of all.

Answer:

A.P.J Abdul Kalam had highlighted the importance of quality of

righteousness through this quote and had given beautiful connectivity
between heart, character, nation and the world.

What is Righteousness

• Righteousness is the quality of being morally right and justifiable

which forms the basis for any peaceful and prosperous society.
Every religion focuses on the quality of righteousness as a means
to an end. For example: In Hindu mythologies and texts, the
path of righteousness i.e dharma is regarded as the ideal
path or ultimate duty of every human being.
• By the above quote, he lays down the path for enabling peace in
society. By focusing on individual rejuvenation as the locus of all
activity, he aims to reform and integrate the whole society. For
example: In the 3rd century BC, Ashoka promoted the code of
Dhamma in his empire, which was the set ideal social behavior for
promoting peace and enabling prosperity in the kingdom.

The contemporary society has been seen digressing from the path of
righteous behavior and has shown more inclination toward the
materialistic way of life, which has led to the eruption of several social and
societal problems.
 If individuals follow the righteous path, they are more likely to spread
happiness to others and succeed in their personal endeavors and will
contribute to the upliftment of their household status, which indirectly
will contribute to the happiness and upliftment of whole society, and then
many social problems like crime, corruption, mob lynching, etc can be
eliminated from the society.

Similarly, the more prosperous society will contribute to a more

prosperous nation.

For example, Terrorism has become a severe menace in many West Asian
countries and threatening the safety and security of the whole world.
Focus on enabling the order of righteous path in these nations will
contribute to maintaining peace in the whole world.

Righteousness in multiple dimensions in the society with the indomitable

spirit is essential for realizing the vision of “Vasudhaiva
Kutumbakam”.

7. You are heading the rescue operations in an area affected by severe

natural calamity. Thousands of people are rendered homeless and
deprived of food, drinking water and other basic amenities. Rescue work
has been disrupted by heavy rainfall and damage to supply routes. The
local people are seething with anger against the delayed limited rescue
operations. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there
heckle and even assault some of the team members. One of pa-Ur team
members is even severely injured. Faced with this crisis, some team
members plead with you to call off the operations fearing
threats to their life.
In such trying circumstances, what will be your response? Examine the
qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the
situation.

My response in such a fervent atmosphere should be thoughtful, cogent and humane

because there are various dilemmas involved. Leaving thousands unattended, when they
are completely dependent on government help, would be an act of timidity and self
preservation which is unbecoming of a public servant.
Morale upliftment: The primary response for me, as the head of the rescue mission, is
to reorient the focus of the group towards our real objectives. Since some of them are
requesting to call off the mission I need to exhort them, with examples like – During the
2014 Floods in Kashmir, when the NDRF team started rescue mission, they were pelted
with stones,their boats were snached and one of them was stabbed but they did not yield
and went on to rescue more than 50000 people.
Initially, when Mahatma Gandhi was marching barefoot in riot hit areas of
Noakhali, his path was strewn with pieces of glass and animal excreta by the riot-
affected people. Later, His unflinching courage and love for humanity created a miracle,
when people themselves promised not to retaliate.
Here, the anger of people is misplaced due to the popular perception of government
servants. Once, people witness self-abnegation, dedication and courage in the rescue
work they will start cooperating.
Secondly, I would try to persuade people by taking help from those who are willing to
cooperate, in such an exercise local leaders can also help.
Apart from this, I will try to get cooperation from the government with respect to protection
of my team members so that they may not be hurt in helping the people.
Qualities required to effectively manage such situation

▪ Spirit of service: Since the rescue team is vulnerable to physical and verbal
attacks,only some higher cause can help an officer in composed and coordinated rescue
work.
▪ Leadership: In such circumstances,finality of any decision lies completely on the
wisdom of the leader.He/She also needs to lead the team from the front; displaying
personal courage and conviction.
▪ Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: An officer needs to have empathy and emotional
intelligence for understanding the behavior of disgruntled local people otherwise one
may abort the relief mission or resort to use of force-which will only heighten their anger.
▪ Power of persuasion: People seething with anger are reactive and short-sighted,
making them agree for something requires the power of persuasion.
▪ Patience and Presence of mind: A Public Servant can not afford to make spontaneous
decisions in such situations. Any further course of action should be guided by
considerate assessment and swift thinking.

Thus, we need to have a sensitivity of the situation and not blame people for their
reactions. Empathy and support is the key to rescue people in problems.

8. Honesty and uprightness are the hallmarks of a civil servant. Civil

servants possessing these qualities are considered as the backbone of
any strong organization. In line of duty, they take various decisions, at
times some become bonafide mistakes. As long as such decisions are not
taken intentionally and do not benefit personally, the officer cannot be
said to be guilty. Though such decisions may, at times, lead to unforeseen
adverse consequences in the long-term.
In the recent past, a few instances have surfaced wherein civil servants
have been implicated for bonafide mistakes. They have often been
prosecuted and even imprisoned. These instances have greatly rattled the
moral fibre of the civil servants.
How does this trend affect the functioning of the civil services? What
measures can be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not
implicated for bonafide mistakes on their part? Justify your answer.

The role of civil servants is to take decisions which have huge ramifications on the socio-
economic growth of the country. However, instances of wrongful prosecution of honest
officers deeply impact the morale of honest officers. It has multiple effects on the
functioning of civil services in India:
Affect on the functioning of the civil services

▪ Impact on decision-making of officers: Officers will be averse to expressing their

views. This may further aggravate red-tapism due to fear of departmental action for their
incorrect decisions.
▪ Hampers economic growth: With increasing private sector participation in public
services, fear of prosecution may restrict honest officers to take progressive, bold and
courageous decisions across sectors. Delay in taking key decisions will lead to poor
governance.
▪ Tool to harass honest officers: Corrupt political leaders and bureaucrats may harass
honest officers through baseless complaints and investigations.
▪ Impact on reputation of honest officers: Prosecution of honest officers leads to
mental agony and heavy financial loss besides being defamed in the society.

Measures to ensure that honest civil servants are not implicated for bonafide
mistakes

▪ Ensuring maximum transparency in administration: The key policy making decisions

should be made ensuring maximum clarity and openness about how decisions are
taken. This will prevent blaming select individuals for incorrect decisions.
▪ Legislative actions: As recommended by the Hota Committee report, amendment to
Section 13(1)(d) of Prevention of Corruption Act , 1988, that deals with criminal
misconduct by a public servant is a welcome step. It will protect honest civil servants
from malicious prosecution and harassment.
▪ Reducing politicization of bureaucracy: The fear of transfers, denial of promotions, or
being punished post retirement may impact decision making of officers. Ensuring fixed
tenure to civil servants is a much needed step for systemic reforms in civil services.
▪ Role of institutions:
o Approach of judiciary: In a democracy and a rapidly growing economy, courts
have to make decisions with a very constructive interpretation of laws. It must
clarify the distinction between corruption and wrong administrative decisions.
o IAS Association of India and other civil society groups should support and
stand by honest officers undergoing wrongful prosecution.
 o Creating internal oversight mechanisms: Internal enquiries in each
department should consider integrity and past career record of officers before
recommending for criminal investigation of bonafide decisions.

Justification

▪ Since every decision taken may not prove to be correct in the long run, it is unjust to
prosecute honest officers for genuine mistakes. Young and aspiring civil servants should
preserve the key values of honesty, impartiality and fearlessness.
▪ Dynamic and honest officials, who are risk-takers for the greater good, must be
encouraged, not restrained. No bureaucrat or public official should be fearful for a bona
fide decision.
▪ Officers must stick to honesty and righteousness and ultimately there is victory of right
over wrong. As the national motto suggests – Satyameva Jayate: Truth alone triumphs;
not falsehood.
o For ex: Former coal secretary HC Gupta who is known for his integrity and clean
career record was acquitted by the Delhi High Court after CBI failed to prove the
charges of criminal misconduct against him in the coal scam.

Thus, the need of the hour for the civil servants is to follow the code of ethics along with
code of conduct.

9. An apparel manufacturing company having large number of women

employees was losing sales due to various factors. The company hired a
reputed marketing executive, who increased the volume of sales within a
short span of time. However, some unconfirmed reports came up
regarding his indulgence in sexual harassment at the work place.
After sometime, a woman employee lodged a formal complaint to the
management against the marketing executive about sexually harassing
her. Faced with the company’s indifference in not taking cognizance of
her grievance, she lodged an FIR with the Police.
Realizing the sensitivity and gravity of the situation, the company called
the women employee to negotiate. In that she was offered a hefty sum of
money to withdraw the complaint and the FIR and also give in writing that
the marketing executive is not involved in this case.
Identify the ethical issues involved in this case what options are available
to the women employee?

Facts of the case

▪ lleged sexual harassment at workplace by the marketing executive.

▪ Marketing executive important resource for the company as he increased sales in a
short period of time.
▪ Company management’s indifference in not taking cognizance of the woman’s
complaint.
▪ Company pressurizing the woman employee to withdraw the case.

Stakeholders involved Ethical issues

Woman employee ▪ Handling mental agony and
societal pressure in pursuing
the case.

▪ Loss of self respect in

negotiating with the company
for monetary benefits.

Marketing executive ▪ Saving professional life by

negotiating with the woman
employee and proving
innocence if not guilty.

Company ▪ Insensitivity towards dignity of

management a woman.

▪ Priority to profit over

organizational values by
indulging in illegitimate
negotiation with the woman
employee.

Other employees ▪ To continue working with the

marketing executive against
moral conscience of other
women employees.
Following options are available to the woman employee:

▪ Continue with her case by taking a firm stand against the company management.
o This would give fair chance to her to prove her viewpoint in a court of law and will
give her mental peace that she stood for herself.
o However, she will have to face mental agony and societal pressure in pursuing
the case and may even prove detrimental for her career prospects.
▪ Accept the negotiation offer by the company and withdraw the case.
o This may be beneficial for her career and will save her from rigorous investigation
process.
o However, this would create dissonance and affect mental peace as her
conscience would not allow her to accept monetary gains over self respect. Also,
she would never be able to stand for herself in the future.
▪ Resign from the company and focus on other career opportunities.
o This will let her avoid the situation and will be beneficial for her career prospects.

o However, the scars of sexual harassment will remain with her throughout her life
and she will regret that she herself is responsible for denial of justice to her.

Option(1) seems to be the correct way of handling the situation. The women employee
can play a leadership role. Her actions will give voice to other genuine concerns of women
employees. It is her moral responsibility to come forward and show exemplary behaviour.
This will not only bring self satisfaction to her but also increase her confidence and inner
strength.
Also, there is a major fault of company management in giving priority to profit motives by
saving the marketing executive and not forming the internal complaints committee as
mandated by the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition
and Redressal) Act, 2013. Gandhiji considered ‘commerce without morality’ as one of the
seven social sins. Thus, it is not only an individual’s fault, but an organization’s which lack
values such as respect for the dignity of woman, work-culture ethics, and gender equality.
10. In a modem democratic polity, there is the concept of political
executive and permanent executive. Elected people’s representatives
from the political executive and bureaucracy forms the permanent
executive. Ministers frame policy decisions and bureaucrats execute
these.
In the initial decades after independence, relationship between the
permanent executive and the political executive were characterized by
mutual understanding, respect and co-operation, without encroaching
upon each other’s domain.
However, in the subsequent decades, the situation has changed. There
are instances of the political executive insisting upon the permanent
executive to follow its agenda. Respect for and appreciation of upright
bureaucrats has declined. There is an increasing tendency among the
political executive to get involved in routine administrative matters such
as transfers, postings etc. Under this scenario, there is a definitive trend
towards ‘politicization of bureaucracy’. The rising materialism and
acquisitiveness in social life has also adversely impacted upon the ethical
values of both the permanent executive and the
political executive.
What are the consequences of this ‘politicization of bureaucracy’?
Discuss.

Cooperation between elected representatives and bureaucrats is essential for democratic

governance of the country. However, due to ‘politicization of bureaucracy’, there is a
deterioration in the functioning of the civil services.
Values involved in the case

▪ Political neutrality and impartiality

▪ Integrity and probity
▪ Courage of conviction
▪ Following the code of conduct
▪ Legal responsibility

Consequences of politicization of bureaucracy

▪ Detrimental to moral fibre of bureaucrats: Even honest civil servants with political
leanings have compulsion to take biased decisions in favour of one political group.
▪ Dilemma in personal v/s professional life: A bureaucrat indulged in material benefits
have to compromise with his conscience or inner voice just to be in tune with outside
reality, thereby disturbing his mental peace and work ethics. The person loses self
 respect and trust of his family and children who inculcate such inadequate values from
him.
▪ Impact on governance system: Lack of impartiality in functioning of civil servants has
direct impact on their decisions in day to day administration either in public service
delivery or implementing social welfare schemes.
▪ Problems in chaotic situations: Difficult circumstances like communal riots demands
officers with strict political neutrality. Biased decisions can lead to loss of lives and
property. Hence, a civil servant must be accountable for his decisions in such situations.
▪ Policy paralysis: Fear of political vendetta against non-cooperative officers in the form
of frequent transfers, delay in promotions, etc results in red-tapism and culture of
secrecy in their decision making.
▪ Negative impact on civil society: Civil servants occupying top positions in the
government are role models for young aspiring Indians. Their impartial attitude is
detrimental to the societal ethics at large.

Therefore, a civil servant must be politically neutral. As a civil servant, one has the
responsibility towards public and must adhere to constitutional principles keeping his
conscience intact. His primary job is to perform Nishkama Karma (selfless and desire
less duty). He must be rational, exemplary, and committed to the public
cause.
Materialistic things charms anyone only for short span and in the long run person derive
satisfaction by doing his job honestly and making positive contributions in the lives of
others. Therefore, civil servants and even politicians should stay away from material
gains.
Also, a civil servant should be ready to serve at any position at any time. Fear of transfer
should not refrain a civil servant from his commitment towards public cause and larger
interest of society.

11. In one of the districts of a frontier state, narcotics menace has been
rampant. This has resulted in money laundering, mushrooming of poppy
farming, arms smuggling and near stalling of education. The system is on
the verge of collapse. The situation has been further worsened by
unconfirmed reports that local politicians, as well as some senior police
officers, are providing surreptitious patronage to the drug mafia. At that
point of time a woman police officer, known for her skills in handling such
situations is appointed as Superintendent of Police to bring the situation
to normalcy.
If you are the same police officer, identify the various dimensions of the
crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the
crisis.

The situation in the aforementioned district seems daunting, with the social and
administrative system inching towards a total collapse. Consequentially, the prevalence
of such a scenario must be leading to wastage of human and social capital, rise in crime
rates, and endangering the future prospects of the district and its people.
The district is grappling with myriad problems which have various dimensions of the crisis
can be summarised as below-

▪ Legal dimension: The activities like money laundering,poppy farming,arms

smuggling,emanating from narcotics menace, are legally prohibited under respective
laws.
▪ Security dimension: Frontier districts in India are susceptible to subversive groups
trying to undermine democracy and authority of the State. Arms smuggling and money
laundering provides easy means of financing their anti-social activities.
▪ Social dimension: A society ridden with such maladies can never focus on education,
health, development, empowerment and welfare which are the key aims of a welfare
state.
▪ Economic dimension: Involvement of people in such activities will lead to the
emergence of a black economy eating away at the vitals of a state.
▪ Political and administrative dimension: Allegedly, local political leaders and senior
police officers are hand in glove with the drug mafia and are providing clandestine
support to them- which raises the question of moral and ethical propriety.

Measures to deal with the crisis

▪ Since the problems have permeated through the social, political and administrative
structures, my response, as a lady Superintendent of Police should be calculated,
precise and swift, with long term implications in mind.
▪ Firstly, a thorough investigation must be conducted within the police establishment to
identify the black sheep and they should be subjected to lawful punishment.
▪ Law enforcement: I would focus on scrupulous and strict implementation of existing
laws -taking a cue from inspirational lady SP of Sonitpur district, Sanjukta Parashar, who
efficiently curbed insurgency, seized tons of illegal arms and ammunition and arrested
dozens involved in illegal arms racket.
▪ Taking help from Border Security Forces: Since my district lies in a frontier state;
there is a possibility of involvement of transnational elements. For this, the police force
 must act in tandem with Border security personnel because with rigorous patrolling and
search operations local elements can be isolated.
▪ Going beyond just law enforcement, I would also discuss the social dimensions of the
problem with other administrative officers like District Magistrate- and suggest to involve
other benign actors like NGOs, Panchayat heads etc, acting in a concerted way, for
engendering education and addressing the issue holistically.
▪ Efforts should also be made to wean off regular farmers if involved in poppy cultivation.

India’s frontier districts need to remain economically prosperous, socially in harmony and
free of illegal criminal networks because an afflicted district can have long-term adverse
implications on the security, unity and integrity of India.

12. In recent times, there has been an increasing concern in India to

develop effective civil service ethics, code of conduct, transparency
measures, ethics and integrity systems and anti-corruption agencies. In
view of this, there is a need being felt to focus on three specific areas,
which are directly relevant to the problems of internalizing integrity and
ethics in the civil services. These are as follows:
1. Anticip ating sp ecific thr eat s to ethical st and ard s and integr ity in th e civil ser vices,

2. Strength ening the ethical com pet ence of civil servant and

3. Develop ing adm inistrative pro cesses and pr actices which prom ote ethical values and integr ity in civil ser vices.

Suggest institutional measures to address the above three issues.

In recent times, there is an increasing expectation from ordinary citizens, business
leaders and Civil Society for higher standards of ethical behaviour and integrity in the Civil
Services. To promote this, various methods like Code of Conduct, Citizen Charters, etc
have been developed. However, the focus should also be on internalizing professional
ethics and integrity in civil services to make it more citizen-friendly.
Values involved in the case

▪ Ethical integrity of civil servants.

▪ Probity in governance.
▪ Moral aptitude of civil servants.
▪ Accountability and responsibility.
▪ Transparency and citizen participation.

Specific focus issues and measures to address them

▪ Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in the civil services.

o Red-tapism: Unnecessary administrative complexities to effective service

delivery should be identified and removed.
o Culture of Secrecy: Decisions made by civil servants and public officials should
be made as transparent and open as possible. Reasons must be given for official
decisions.
o Inadequate grievance redressal System: Effective mechanisms should be put
in place to ensure timely resolution of public complaints and appropriate
feedback provided to the public organisations. Grievance redressal processes
should be monitored so as to ensure that systems are reviewed and performance
is improved.
o Biasedness and Partisan Attitude: Implementation of conduct rules and code
of ethics in order to create a professional and non-partisan civil service hierarchy.
o Elitism of civil servants: Public orientation in Civil servants is crucial to
increase public participation and improve public service delivery. Civil servants
should be given proper training to ensure citizen-friendly behaviour.
▪ Strengthening the ethical competence of civil servant.

o Training and performance appraisal: This would incentivise the honest civil
servants and make them role models for others to emulate.
o Reward and honours: It will infuse competition in the civil services to perform
better and develop innovative solutions for public service.
o Promotion of inclusive work culture: Diluting strict hierarchy to increase the
cooperation among public officials to increase the effectiveness of services.
o Social and cultural competence: This would help the civil servant to
understand the diverse Indian society and perform as per the high aspirations of
the public.
▪ Developing administrative processes and practices which promote ethical values
and integrity in civil services.
 o Promoting accountability: Effective laws which require civil servants to give
reasons for their official decisions. For eg. RTI act.
o Reducing Corruption: Punitive provision like Prevention of Corruption Act and
Whistleblower Protection act, technological Interventions in the form of e-
governance to remove discretion, promotion of Social Auditing etc to ensure
accountability of the administrative work.
o Human Resource management strategies: Performance-based pay, Lateral
Entry, Multi-Phase training will increase the efficiency and quality of public
service delivery.
o Internal and External Committees: To ensure redressal of complaints and
grievances of civil servants and public. This improves the work culture and aligns
the behaviour of public servants to the desired civil services values.
o Code of Conduct Rules: It ensures appropriate behaviour from public servants
that should be unbiased and non-partisan.

Promotion of ethical behaviour and integrity in civil servants, and revamping the public
administration is critical to ensure that the policies of social welfare are implemented in
true spirit. It would improve the responsiveness of public servants towards the common
citizenry. Also, public trust would increase in the government setup. Greater social capital
can in turn help in the promotion of ethical governance.