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Biology Data: D N A V T N B, B

This document contains a summary of key biological concepts including: 1) Common symbols used to represent variables in biology equations such as N for population size and t for time. 2) The Hardy-Weinberg principle equation that describes gene frequency stability between generations. 3) Equations for calculating growth rate, population density, and change in population size. 4) Charts describing genetic codes such as the codon table specifying which amino acids correspond to different mRNA codons.

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377 views3 pages

Biology Data: D N A V T N B, B

This document contains a summary of key biological concepts including: 1) Common symbols used to represent variables in biology equations such as N for population size and t for time. 2) The Hardy-Weinberg principle equation that describes gene frequency stability between generations. 3) Equations for calculating growth rate, population density, and change in population size. 4) Charts describing genetic codes such as the codon table specifying which amino acids correspond to different mRNA codons.

Uploaded by

apara_jit
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BIOLOGY DATA

Symbols

Symbol Description Symbol Description

Dp population density ♂ male

N number of individuals in a ♀ female


population
n chromosome number
A area occupied by a population
B, b alleles:
V volume occupied by a upper case is dominant,
population lower case is recessive

t time I A, I B, i alleles, human blood type (ABO)

∆ change in P parent generation

K carrying capacity F1 first filial generation

gr growth rate F2 second filial generation

cgr per capita growth rate p frequency of dominant allele

> greater than, dominant over q frequency of recessive allele

< less than, recessive to

Equations

Subject Equation

Hardy–Weinberg principle p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Population density ​ N ​ or Dp = __


Dp = __ ​ N ​
A V
Change in population size ∆N = (factors that increase pop.) – (factors that decrease pop.)

Growth rate ​ ∆N ​ 


gr = ___
∆t
Per capita growth rate ​ ∆N ​ 
cgr = ___
N
(time will be determined by
the question)
Abbreviations for Some Hormones
Hormone Abbreviation
Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH
Human chorionic gonadotropin hCG
Human growth hormone hGH
Luteinizing hormone LH
Parathyroid hormone PTH
Prolactin PRL
Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH

Pedigree Symbols

Male Identical
twins

Female
Non-identical
twins
Mating
Affected
Mating between individuals
close relatives
Unaffected
Roman numerals individuals
I symbolize generations

Arabic numbers
symbolize individuals
II within a given
1 2 3 generation

Birth order, within each


group of offspring, is
drawn left to right,
oldest to youngest

Bio30_08 Data sheet new


Messenger RNA Codons and Their Corresponding Amino Acids
First Base Second Base Third Base
U C A G
U UUU phenylalanine UCU serine UAU tyrosine UGU cysteine U
UUC phenylalanine UCC serine UAC tyrosine UGC cysteine C
UUA leucine UCA serine UAA stop** UGA stop** A
UUG leucine UCG serine UAG stop** UGG tryptophan G
C CUU leucine CCU proline CAU histidine CGU arginine U
CUC leucine CCC proline CAC histidine CGC arginine C
CUA leucine CCA proline CAA glutamine CGA arginine A
CUG leucine CCG proline CAG glutamine CGG arginine G
A AUU isoleucine ACU threonine AAU asparagine AGU serine U
AUC isoleucine ACC threonine AAC asparagine AGC serine C
AUA isoleucine ACA threonine AAA lysine AGA arginine A
AUG methionine* ACG threonine AAG lysine AGG arginine G
G GUU valine GCU alanine GAU aspartate GGU glycine U
GUC valine GCC alanine GAC aspartate GGC glycine C
GUA valine GCA alanine GAA glutamate GGA glycine A
GUG valine GCG alanine GAG glutamate GGG glycine G
*Note: AUG is an initiator codon and also codes for the amino acid methionine.
**Note: UAA, UAG, and UGA are terminator codons.

Information about Nitrogen Bases

Nitrogen Base Classification Abbreviation


Adenine Purine A
Guanine Purine G
Cytosine Pyrimidine C
Thymine Pyrimidine T
Uracil Pyrimidine U

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