International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 3 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307
Drawing Robot
Keyur Jain1, Akash Nair1, Prof. Shikha Singh2
1Student Electrical and electronics engineering, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
2Assistant Professor Electrical and electronics engineering, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
ABSTRACT
This document provides some basic information on Drawing robot that is basically a X-Y plotter based on CNC
mechanism. Most of the plotter’s design available in market are based on bi-directional movement and square
type model. In the proposed drawing robot design, axis movement are bounded on each other and belt driven
mechanism is used for plotting. Stepper motors are used for X-Y movement and servo motors for plotter’s
movement.
Keywords: Stepper motor, Servo motor, CNC driver.
I. INTRODUCTION Program
Robotics is the branch of technology that deals with
the design, construction, operation, and application Computer arduino
Dc Stepper
Motor
of robots, as well as computer systems for their
control, sensory feedback, and information
processing.
Servo
motor
The design of a given robotic system will often
Figure 1. Block diagram of the given robot
incorporate principles of mechanical engineering,
electronic engineering and computer science
In this paper, Arduino Nano and Uno are used to
(particularly artificial intelligence).
control the servo motor and stepper motors.
Moreover, in several plotter design manufacturers
Though there are several models for plotter, this
use microcontroller to operate the Pulse Width
plotter is designed in most economical way and to
Modulation based driver circuit which has in-built
provide high accuracy in plottings. Main advantage
timer circuit in it which makes the user easy.
of this plotter is we can replace the tool based on any
But,when the user tries to modify the timer, they feel
application such as engraving machine, laser cutting
difficult to modify as they wish. Instead of that its
machine, painting any surface and drawing purposes.
easy to modify the arduino compare to
microcontroller.
II. METHODS AND MATERIAL
From Figure 1, we describe the software and
hardware implementation for this paper
CSEIT1833756 | Received : 25 April 2018 | Accepted : 05 May 2018 | May-June-2018 [ (3)5 : 18-22 ]
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Keyur Jain et al. Int J S Res CSE & IT. 2018 May-June; 3(5) : 18-22
A. Hardware Description direction. Servo motor have inernal rotor controller
with feedback therefore it is more preferable than
stepper motor for plotter mechanism.
SG90 servo motor is used in this paper.
Figure 2. complete hardware setup Figure 4. Servo motor
Main components of the hardware design are Stepper 3) CNC board
motor, Servo motor, CNC board, A4988 driver, A CNC Board is a device for connecting between
Aluminium section, GT2 pulley, timing belt, Arduino differing interfaces. The most common type for CNC
Nano and Arduino UNO. machines converts from a parallel connection to
screw terminals for universal hook up. More
1) Stepper motor advanced breakout boards incorporate signal filtering
There several types of stepper motor: they are hybrid and protection, inputs for Limit Switches, Homing
synchronous stepper, variable reluctance stepper, Switches and E-Stop, and output relays.
permanent magnet stepper. Main two models are
unipolar and bipolar stepper motor. In this paper, 4- In this paper it is used to controller the stepper motor
wire bipolar hybrid synchronous motor of 1.8 degree using A4988 driver.
step angle is used for better positioning and accuracy.
Functioning of motor is based on stepping action. Three stepper drivers and arduino nano398 are
There are several stepping modes. They are full step, soldered on CNC board.
half step, micro step. Normally the sequence for
motor is A+ A- B+ B- . 4) A4988 Stepper driver
The A4988 is a complete micro-stepping motor
Three stepper motors are used in this paper, two driver with built-in translator for easy operation. It is
motors for Y axis movement and one motor for X designed to operate bipolar stepper motors in full-,
axis movement. half-, quarter-, eighth-, and sixteenth-step modes,
In this paper we are using Nema 17 stepper motors. with an output drive capacity of up to 35 V and ±2 A.
The A4988 includes a fixed off-time current
regulator which has the ability to operate in slow or
mixed decay modes.
Figure 3. Stepper motor
2) Servo motor
Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo Figure 5. A4988 driver.
motors can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in
each direction), and works just like the standard 5) Aluminium Section
kinds but smaller. In this paper servo motor is used Aluminium is preferred than iron due its rust free
for the movement of plotter in up and down nature and good conductivity as well as best heat
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Keyur Jain et al. Int J S Res CSE & IT. 2018 May-June; 3(5) : 18-22
sink. And also iron is heavier than aluminium. Based is used to drive stepper driver.
on the manufacturer profile size may vary.
6) Pulley GT2
Pulley can be made with different type of material
such as plastics, steel, aluminium and nylon block. In
this paper GT2 pulley are used. The GT2 pulleys are Figure 7. Arduino NANO
designed specifically for linear motion. They use a
rounded tooth profile that guarantees that the belt 9) Arduino UNO
tooth fits smoothly and accurately in the pulley Arduno UNO is a microcontroller based on
groove, so when you reverse the pulley direction,
there is no room for the belt to move in the groove.
Figure 5. Pulley GT2
ATmega328. It has 16 digital I/O pins and 6 analog
inputs. It contains everything needed to support the
7) Timing belt
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
There are several types of belt made of different
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC
material. In this paper, timing belt is used because of
adapter or battery to get started.
its accuracy and positioning. Timing belts are
available in rubber, fiber re-in forced in rubber and
Poly Urethane material with different circumference
sizes such as 550mm, 1100mm are available. If
application is based on the oil and water, then poly
urethane belt is preferred. In this paper rubber
timing belt is used having 1 mm pitch.
Figure 8. Arduino UNO
B) Software description
1) Inkscape
Figure 6. timing belt 2)GRBL controller
8) Arduino NANO 1)Inkscape
Arduino NANO is small, friendy, complete Inkscape is a free and open-source vector graphics
microcontroller board based on ATmega328. The editor; it can be used to create or edit vector graphics
only difference between UNO and NANO is that no such as illustrations, diagrams, line arts, charts, logos
of pins in UNO is more compare to NANO, rest of and complex paintings . Inkscape's primary vector
the functionality remains same. Inthis paper NANO graphics format is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG),
however many other formats can be imported and
exported.
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Keyur Jain et al. Int J S Res CSE & IT. 2018 May-June; 3(5) : 18-22
Table 2, showing the steps the to load the generated
G-code into the grbl software.
Table 2. Image loading
N0 Steps
1) Open the generated G code in
Notepad ++ and replace the “M05
S0”
Figure 9. Inkscape software Command with “M05 S0\r\nG4 P1”
and save it
2) GRBL controller 2) Verify the comport use and Select
Grbl is a free, open source, high performance the ComPort
software for controlling the motion of machines that
3) Load the Generated G code into the
move, that make things, or that make things move,
Gbrl
and will run on a straight Arduino. If the maker
4) Before begin set the x and y axis at
movement was an industry, Grbl would be the
one corner and Se that postion as
industry standard.
zero positon
Figure 10: GRBL software
5) Press begin.
C) Working
III. RESULT
Table 1, Showing the process for conversion of image
itno bitmap image to produce its G-code.
Figure 11, Shows the final image produced by the
Table 1. Image conversion
drawing robot.
No. Steps
1) Download any Line-art image (for better
result).
2) Open Inkscape software.
3) Set the size of the paper according to
requirement. (A4)
4 Import the downloaded image
5) Resize the mage according to the paper.
Figure 11. original image
6) Right click on image select Trace
bitmap.
7) Drag the original image above the
bitmap image and delete it and place the
bitmap image on the paper.
8) Click on extension tabGenerate Laser
G code.
9) Save the output file.
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Keyur Jain et al. Int J S Res CSE & IT. 2018 May-June; 3(5) : 18-22
[4]. Allen G. Morinec, Power Quality Considerations
for CNC Machines: Grounding, IEEE
Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 38,
No. 1, January/February 2002, pp. 3-11.
[5]. https://www.cnccookbook.com/g-code-m-code-
reference-list-cnc-mills/
Figure 11. Obtained image
IV. CONCLUSION
From this paper, we can generate several application
based on x and y axis movement. Instead of pen, we
can insert laser tool for cutting purposes. Moreover,
this paper can be modified into three axis movement.
IV. REFERENCES
[1]. Model and Fabrication of CNC Plotter Machine
Udit Pandey, Swapnil Raj Sharma , Department
of Mechanical Engineering, BBD Engineering
College, India, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering ISO 3297:2007 Certified Vol. 6, Issue
6, June 2017.
[2]. Mini CNC Plotter Aneeta Pinhiero1, Beljo Jose2,
Tinsemon Chacko3, Nazim TN4 Electrical and
Electronics Department, Amal Jyothi College of
Engineering, Kanjirappally, Kerala, India,
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN ELECTRICAL,
ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND
CONTROL ENGINEERING Vol. 4, Issue 4, April
2014
[3]. Mrs. R. Dayana, Gunaseelan P, Microcontroller
Based X-Y Plotter, In ternational Journal of
Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and
Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3, Special
Issue 3, April 2014.
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