LABORATORY REPORT
Basic Circuits & Systems Laboratory
This cover page must always be the top sheet
Course: ELEC 273 275 Lab Section: TJ-X
( Circle )
Experiment No.: 1 Date Performed: 20 20 – 10 – 19
YYYY – MM – DD
Experiment Title: Familiarization With Lab Instruments
Name: Ahnaf Habib Khan ID No.: 40079665
Lab Partner Lab Partner
Name: ID:
I certify that this submission is my original work and
meets the Faculty’s Expectations of Originality
Signature: Date: 20 20 – 10 – 19
YYYY – MM – DD
Abstract:
The lab experiment was done to get familiar with some instruments in
the lab, instruments include:
- Digital Multimeters(DMMs)
- Function Generator (FG)
- Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO)
- DC Power Supply
Introduction:
The objectives of this lab is to get familiarized with two things:
1. Measurement of DC current and voltage with the help of Digital
Multimeter (DMMs), Fluke Model 8010A and the Agilent Model
34405A.
2. Measurement of Sinusoidal AC waveform with the help of Function
Generator (FG) and a Digital-Storage-Oscilloscope (DSO).
For this lab, two experiments were made for fulfilling the above
criteria. In the first part of the lab, the DC circuit is made according to
the procedures provided in the Lab Manual. The first 4 instructions
are carried out and according to that, experimental resistor circuits
are connected to Power Supply (PSP) which delivers Direct Current.
Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) are
then tested with the experimental values received from the circuit.
The second part of this lab is done according to the procedure
number 6-10. According to these procedures, AC current, resistor,
inductor and capacitor are connected to the FG and DSO to produce
the correct signal waveform. The correct generation of this waveform
is then required to calculate corresponding amplitude ratios and
phase shifts.
Procedure:
For the first part of the lab, a 5V VS and the current supply with
10mA were connected to the circuit. Then 3 resistors were connected
with values 400ohm, 300 ohm and 100 ohm respectively. The current
and voltage values were then taken by the digital multimeter. The values
of I1, I2, and I3 were 8.03mA, 6.1mA and 1.93mA respectively. The
voltage values VA, VE, and VC were 1.77V, 5V and 1.93V.
In the second part of the lab, the values of R, L and C values for the
AC circuit were 100 ohms, 47mH and 22nF respectively. We then used
these values to calculate the nominal frequency (fn) with the help of the
nominal formula:
The value that we received after the calculation is 4950Hz.
Results:
Result for the 1st part of the lab:
KCL and KVL were proved successfully as
a) I1 = I2 + I3 => 8.03 mA= 6.1 mA + 1.93 mA.
b) VA, VE, and VC were 1.768951 V, 5V and 1.92961V.
1) VEF = VEA + VAB = VEA + VAC + VCD
2) VAC + VCD + VBA = 0
VA = 1.768951 V VE = 5V VC = 1.192961 V VB and VD are
grounded => 0
VEA = VE - VA = 5 – 1.768951 = 3.231049 V
VAB = VA - VB = 5 – 0 = 5V
VAC = VA - VC = 5 – 1.192961 = 3.807039 V
VCD = VC - VD = 1.192961 – 0 = 1.192961 V
Verification of KVL:
1) VEF = VEA + VAB = VEA + VAC + VCD
VEF = 3.231049 + 5 = 3.231049 + 3.807039 + 1.192961 VEF =
8.231049 V
2) VAC + VCD + VBA = 0V
3.807039 + 1.192961 – 5 = 0V
c) The current source I4 was determined to be 1.192961 /100 =
0.01192961 A
IS = I3 + I4 = -1.93mA + 0.01192961 = 0.00999961 A
Pdel = I1*Vs + Is * Vc = (8.03mA)( 8.231049) + (0.00999961)(
1.192961) = 0.0780244W
d) Calculating power dissipated (Pdiss)
P = IV
PEA = 8.03mA * 3.231049 = 0.025945 W
PAB = 6.1mA* 5 = 0.0305 W
PAC = 1.93mA * 3.807039 = 0.00734758527 W
PCD = 0.01192961 * 1.192961 = 0.01423155948W
Pdiss = PEA + PAB + PAC + PCD = 0.07802 W
Our calculation results are different from the theoretical values by just a
very small fraction. If we do round them, then the Pdel = Pdiss. The
percentage error is of 0.00564%. From the results found and calculated,
the Kirchhoff’s laws on current and voltage is confirmed.
Result for the 1st part of the lab:
F1 = 5kHz F2 = 7.5 kHz
a) Av for F1 = Vout / Vin = Ch2 / Ch1 = ∆J / ∆H = 80V / 24V = 3.33Hz (view
Figure 1)
Figure 1 (F = 5kHz)
Av for F2 = Vout / Vin = Ch2 / Ch1 = ∆J / ∆H = 80V / 24V = 3.33Hz (view
Figure 2)
Figure 2 (F = 7.5kHz)
b) Equation for ɸ is: 360*F*Δt
F1 : ɸ = 360 * 5000Hz * 0.00006s = 108o
F2 : ɸ = 360 * 7500Hz * 0.00007s = 189o
c).
R = 100 Ohm
L = 0.047 H
C = 22 X 10^-9 F
w1 = 2 * pi * 3.33Hz = 20.92 rad/s
w2 = 2 * pi * 3.33Hz = 20.92 rad/s
Av for F1 = 2172779.419 / 2172778.438 = 1.000000451 V ≈ 1V
Av for F2 = 2172779.419 / 2172778.438 = 1.000000451 V ≈ 1V
The percentage error:
F1 = | (3.33-1) / 1 | * 100 = 233%
F2 = | (3.33-1) / 1 | * 100 = 233%
ɸ for F1 = -90 o -tan-1(-2172778.436 /100) = -88.42 o
ɸ for F2 = -90 o -tan-1(-2172778.436 /100) = -88.42 o
The percentage error:
F1 = | (108 – 88.42) / 88.42 | * 100 = 22.1443%
F2 = | (189 – 88.42) / 88.42 | * 100 = 113.7525%
Conclusion
From this experiment, the primary objective was to get familiarize of
the measuring instruments. The DMM, FG, DSO, and DC power supply
were some of the instruments used to implement the experiment.
Kirchhoff’s current and voltage rules were applied and verified. The
measured gains (Av), the theoretical voltage gains (Av), the measured
phase shift (theta) and the theoretical phase shift were calculated for
frequencies f1 & f2 using the equations, however, the voltage gain for
f2 was very high. The phase shifts for both frequencies were also high.
This occurred because the resistance in the circuit was not determined;
therefore, a variable between 100ohms and 10100 ohms was chosen:
100ohms.
